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The translocation of polymers through nanopores is a complex process influenced by various factors. In this study, the translocation behavior of a two-dimensional active polymer chain, comprised of a head active Brownian particle (ABP) and a tail passive polymer chain, through a nanopore is studied using Langevin dynamics simulations. Results show that the effect of the self-propulsion force of the ABP on the translocation differs significantly from the driving force inside the pore for traditional polymer translocations. Specifically, the translocation time τ initially increases with increasing the magnitude fs of the self-propulsion force and then decreases with a further increase in fs. A small fs lowers the potential barrier for the translocation and thus promotes slow translocations, whereas a large fs directly pulls the polymer chain through the nanopore following the scaling relation τ ∝ fs−1. Moreover, two asymptotic scaling relations between τ and polymer length N, τ ∝ Nα, are found, with the exponent α of about 2.5 for small fs or long N and the exponent α of about 1.4 for short active polymers with large fs. We discover that the slow rotation of the ABP accelerates the translocation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to identify potential subtypes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) associated with cirrhosis and to investigate key markers using bioinformatic analysis of gene expression datasets-0. Methods: Three data sets (GSE17548, GSE56140, and GSE87630) were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and normalized using the Limma package in R. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was performed to examine data distribution and identify subtypes. Differential gene expression analysis was performed using the Limma software package. Protein–protein interaction analysis and functional annotation were performed using the STRING database and Cytoscape software. Important signaling pathways and processes were identified using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway Analysis. Results: The analysis revealed different subtypes of HCC associated with cirrhosis and identified several key genes, including CCNB2, MCM4, and CDC20, with strong binding power and prognostic value. Functional annotation indicated involvement in cell cycle regulation and metabolic pathways. ROC analysis showed high sensitivity and specificity of these genes in predicting HCC prognosis. Conclusion: These results suggest that CCNB2, MCM4, and CDC20 may serve as potential biomarkers for predicting HCC prognosis in patients with cirrhosis and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms of HCC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self‐regulated learning (SRL) is a predictive variable in students' academic performance, especially in virtual reality (VR) environments, which lack monitoring and control. However, current research on VR encounters challenges in effective interventions of cognitive and affective regulation, and visualising the SRL processes using multimodal data. Objectives: This study aimed to analyse multimodal data to investigate the SRL processes (behaviour, cognition and affective states) and learning performance in the VR environment. Methods: This study developed a VR‐based immersive learning system that supports SRL activities, and conducted a pilot study in an English for Geography course. A total of 21 undergraduates participated. Face tracker, electroencephalography, and learning logs were used to gather data for learning behaviour, cognition and affective states in the VR environment. Results and Conclusions: First, the study identified three categories of learners (HG, MG and LG) within the VR environment who presented different behavioural engagement and SRL strategies. The HG exhibited the highest level of cognition and affective states, which resulted in superior performance in terms of vocabulary acquisition and retention. The MG, despite possessing a higher level of cognition, performed inadequately in other aspects, leading to no difference in vocabulary acquisition and retention from the LG. By collecting and mining multimodal data, this study helps to enrich the visual analysis of SRL processes. In addition, the results of this study help to dissect the problems of students' SRL in a VR learning environment. Furthermore, this study provides a theoretical basis and reference for the study of SRL development in immersive learning environments. Lay Description: What is already known about this topic?: Self‐regulated learning (SRL) is a predictive variable in students' academic performance.Students in virtual reality (VR) environments may lack monitoring and control.SRL is a complex system influenced by multiple factors.SRL in VR environments needs multimodal data to analyse the process. What this paper adds?: A VR‐based immersive system that supports SRL activities is devised.Analysis of SRL processes and performance obtained from multimodal data are discussed.Students present different behavioural engagement and SRL strategies in the VR environment.Students with different SRL behaviours present different attention, affective state, and learning performance. Implications for practise and/or policy: Effective SRL interventions should be designed within the VR environments.The mining of SRL processes with multimodal data used in the study is recommended for explaining the SRL mechanisms in VR environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Self-determination has been a primary focus of efforts to enhance quality of life for individuals with disabilities. Learning self-determination enables individuals to assume greater responsibility and control in their lives. The primary causal agency perspective on self-determination highlights the importance of learning self-determination for all individuals regardless of the severity of their disabilities. Examination of the perspectives of adults who have disabilities on their experiences of learning self-determination can provide valuable insights that can be applied to children and youths. In this study, we interviewed 10 participants from Taiwan, all of whom had severe to profound physical disabilities or multiple disabilities. Data were analyzed thematically, and the following themes regarding participants' self-determination experiences emerged: (1) beliefs about self-determination, (2) challenges from external interference, (3) challenges from societal and cultural influences, (4) peer support for self-determination, and (5) family support for decision-making. Findings are discussed along with implications for the teaching of self-determination practices to relevant stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current guidelines and canonical norms of diagnosis or treatment for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with sleep disorder are still conflicting and have not yet reached a consensus. This study aimed to unravel the most effective countermeasures between two categories (psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy) put forward by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) and World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) respectively to treat PTSD individuals co-exist with sleep disorders. Methods: Four databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and APA PsyNet, were searched from inception to February 02, 2023. Results: Twenty articles with 24 Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and a total number of 1,647 participants were included. As demonstrated in the network meta-analysis comparison results, CBT-I (standardized mean differences (SMD) =-1.51,95% confidence interval (CI):-2.55 to -0.47), CBT-I plus IRT (SMD=-1.71, 95%CI:-3.39, -0.03), prazosin (SMD=-0.87, 95%CI:-1.59 to -0.16) and hydroxyzine (SMD=-1.06, 95%CI: -1.94 to -0.19) significantly reduced PTSD symptoms compared with placebo. In contrast to placebo, CBT-I (SMD=-5.61, 95%CI:-8.82 to -2.40) significantly improved sleep quality. For nightmare severity, IRT (SMD=-0.65, 95%CI:-1.00 to -0.31), prazosin (SMD=-1.20, 95%CI:-1.72 to -0.67) and hydroxyzine (SMD=-0.98,95%CI:-1.58 to -0.37) significantly reduced nightmare severity in comparison with placebo. Conclusions: This study suggested that under most circumstances, psychotherapy namely CBT-I had a favorable profile, but pharmacotherapy with prazosin was effective in managing nightmare severity. The sole avail of CBT-I was recommended to improving sleep quality while CBT-I and CBT-I plus IRT showed excellent management of PTSD symptom severity. Exposure to CBT-I is recommended for depression. The relevant clinical guidelines for the management of individuals with PTSD and sleep disorders may regard this as a reference. PROSPERO: CRD42023415240. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The local formation characteristics of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds on mid‐level moisture advection layers have been revealed by the ∼2‐year observations from routinely operating ground‐based water vapor Raman Lidar, polarization Lidar, cloud radar, and conventional radiosondes at a subtropical site. These moisture advection layers were commonly observed during all seasons over our subtropical site, whereas thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds occurred mainly in winter when the 0°C isotherm level occurred at lower altitudes. It was determined that these clouds mostly formed on the top of moisture advection layers capped by strong temperature inversions. The temperature‐moisture structure collocation (the layer's upper edge with modest/low water vapor mixing ratio of ∼2–5 g kg−1 occurred at the base of the temperature inversion) therein produced a narrow cool‐moist water saturation layer. This collocation with a temperature inversion but no moisture inversion was peculiar to the upper boundary of the moisture advection layers. A relative minority (∼33%) of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds formed on the bottom or middle part of the moisture advection layers, where a moisture inversion coincided with a temperature inversion. Within the corresponding water saturation layer, the relative humidity peaked at the top of the coincided moisture inversion and temperature inversion, indicating warm‐moist air mass advection. Two detailed case studies illustrated how shifts in the mesoscale meteorological environment pertinent to moisture advection layers determined the presence and absence of thin supercooled liquid cloud layers. Plain Language Summary: Thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds are commonly present worldwide that exist on their own or serve as source clouds for falling ice‐virga particles. They play a large part in surface radiation flux and energy balance particularly for those long‐lived and widespread clouds. However, much less is known so far about how such clouds form and persist. This article reveals the local formation of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds on mid‐level moisture advection layers based on the ∼2‐year multi‐instrument observations at a subtropical site. The majority (∼67%) of the clouds formed on the top of moisture advection layers capped by strong temperature inversions, where the temperature‐moisture collocation yielded a narrow cool‐moist water saturation layer. This thermodynamic structure was characterized by a temperature inversion but no moisture inversion. A minority (∼33%) of the clouds occurred on the bottom or middle part of the moisture advection layers, where a moisture inversion coincided with a temperature inversion. Within the corresponding water saturation layer, the relative humidity peaked at the top of the coincided moisture inversion and temperature inversion, indicating warm‐moist air mass advection. It was shown how shifts in the mesoscale meteorological environment pertinent to moisture advection layers determine the presence and absence of thin supercooled liquid cloud layers. Key Points: Two‐year multi‐instrument observations reveal local formation characteristics of thin supercooled liquid stratiform clouds in subtropicsSupercooled liquid stratiform clouds mainly formed on the top of moisture advection layers capped by strong temperature inversionsMinority of clouds formed on the bottom/middle part of the moisture advection layers, where moisture and temperature inversions coincided [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyoxometalate-based metal–organic frameworks (POMOFs) are highly effective heterogeneous catalysts that combine the catalytic activity of polyoxometalates (POMs) with the high surface area, tunable porosity, and structural diversity of MOFs. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of a general method to integrate POMs with various transition metal-based building units into POMOFs under mild conditions. In this work, we employed imine bonds to link amino-functionalized Anderson-type POMs with aldehyde-terminated divalent metal clusters, resulting in a series of isostructural POMOFs, M(II)-POMOFs (M = Zn, Co, Mg, or Mn). Furthermore, we used post-synthetic metal exchange and oxidation to transform Zn-POMOF into Fe(III)-POMOF with strong Lewis acidic Fe3+ sites. Notably, both the synthesis and post-synthetic modifications were performed under mild conditions (room temperature, acid-free), preventing the decomposition of the POMs. Compared to M(II)-POMOFs or MOFs without POMs, the combination of Lewis acidic Fe3+ and POMs enhanced its catalytic activity for CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides, enabling efficient synthesis of cyclic carbonates. This versatile synthetic method could broaden the scope of POMOFs, extending their applications in catalysis and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), is one of the most destructive diseases impacting a wide range of crops globally. The infection process is complex involving intricate interactions between the plant and Rs. Managing BW is challenging, and crop breeding remains the most effective strategy for disease control. Resistance to BW in crops is primarily associated with quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which are believed to correlate with the simultaneous activation of multiple defense mechanisms against pathogens. This study aimed to clarify the nature of BW resistance and determine whether pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) plays a role in this resistance. Results: PTI can be triggered in tomato roots and stembases by an Rs hrpG− mutant and by the cell wall extract (PiCWE) from the root-infected beneficial fungus Piriformospora indica (Pi). Among tomato plants with varying resistance levels to Rs, BW-resistant (BWR) and moderate-resistant (BWMR) cultivars exhibited higher levels of root and stembase PTI in response to Rs hrpG− inoculation and PiCWE treatment than in BW-susceptible (BWS) cultivars. Additionally, BWR and BWMR cultivars showed enhanced leaf PTI after inoculation with a Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) hrcC− mutant. The BWR cultivar Hawaii 7996 (H7996) also demonstrated high tolerance to several leaf pathogens. Conclusions: Efficient systems for the analyses of PTI responses in tomato roots, stembases and leaves in response to patterns derived from root-infected pathogenic and beneficial microorganisms have been established. The levels of PTI in roots, stembases, and leaves are positively correlated with BW resistance in tomato plants. The BWR cultivar H7996 also shows tolerance to various leaf pathogens. This study reveals a significant correlation between tomato PTI and resistance to Rs, provides valuable insights into the nature of BW resistance, and offers critical information for tomato breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Codonopsis pilosula is a significant plant in traditional Chinese medicine, valued for its edible and medicinal properties. However, the lack of available genomic resources has hindered further research. Methods: This study presents the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of C. pilosula using PacBio CLR reads and Hi-C scaffolding technology. Additionally, Ks analysis and syntenic depth analysis were performed to elucidate its evolutionary history. Results: The final assembly yielded a high-quality genome of 679.20 Mb, which was anchored to 8 pseudo-chromosomes with an anchoring rate of 96.5% and a scaffold N50 of 80.50 Mb. The genome assembly showed a high completeness of 97.6% based on Benchmarking with Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) analysis. Repetitive elements constituted approximately 76.8% of the genome, with long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTRs) accounting for about 39.17%. Ks and syntenic depth analyses revealed that the polyploidization history of three platycodonoid clade species involved only the γ-WGT event. Karyotype evolutionary analysis identified an ancestral karyotype with 9 protochromosomes for the three platycodonoid clade species. Moreover, non-WGD genes, particularly those arising from tandem duplications, were found to contribute significantly to gene family expansion. Discussion: These findings provide essential insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary biology of C. pilosula , aiding its conservation and sustainable use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, by connecting chiral bidibenzo[b,d]furan/bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene and multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) units, two pairs of intrinsically axial chiral MR‐TADF materials (R/S‐BDBF‐BNO and R/S‐BDBT‐BNO) realize mirror‐symmetric circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and narrowband emission. The chiral moieties effectively engage in frontier molecular orbital distributions through the establishment of covalent bonds with boron atoms. The proportions of (1,1′‐bidibenzo[b,d]furan)‐2,2′‐diol in the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied natural transition orbitals (HONTO/LUNTO) are 25.3% and 64.7%, respectively. In addition, BDBT‐BNO processes a dual‐channel transition mode, thus the (1,1′‐bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene)‐2,2′‐diol constitutes 22.8%, 24.3% and 54.0%, 46.9% of the distributions of HONTO, HONTO‐1 and LUNTO, LUNTO+1, respectively. The high proportions endow R/S‐BDBF‐BNO and R/S‐BDBT‐BNO with good CPL properties with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 1.7/1.8 × 10−3. Correspondingly, the circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes based on the enantiomers exhibit mirror symmetrical circularly polarized electroluminescence with |gEL| factors of 1.5/1.6 × 10−3. Furthermore, the introduction of sulphur atoms enables BDBT‐BNO to have a high maximum external quantum efficiency of 35.7% in device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 24-hour movement guidelines (24-HMG) include screen time (ST), sleep duration, and physical activity. Previous studies have explored the associations of adherence to the 24-HMG with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents, ignoring changes in behaviors. This study aimed to examine whether changes in adherence to the 24-HMG were associated with depression and anxiety symptoms among adolescents. Methods: We recruited adolescents from Shenzhen, China in 2021 and followed them up 1 year later. Changes in adherence to the individual 24-HMG were categorized into four groups: persistent non-adherence, adherence to non-adherence, non-adherence to adherence, and persistent adherence. Changes in the numbers of adherence to the overall 24-HMG were obtained by subtracting the number of guidelines adhered to in wave 2 from that in wave 1. Results: We included 12,570 participants aged 9–18 years with 52.2% boys. Compared with persistent non-adherence for the ST/sleep duration guideline, non-adherence to adherence and persistent adherence were associated with lower depression and anxiety symptoms, but adherence to non-adherence was not. Changes in adherence to the physical activity guideline were not related to outcomes. The β coefficients (95% CIs) for each point increase in changes in the numbers of adherence to guidelines were − 0.58 (− 0.69, − 0.47) and − 0.43 (− 0.53, − 0.33) for depression and anxiety symptoms, respectively. The association of persistently adhering to sleep guideline with anxiety symptoms and the associations of changes in the numbers of adherence to the 24-HMG had sex differences. Conclusions: Maintaining and strengthening healthy movement behaviors to meet more guidelines of the 24-HMG, especially sleep and ST, may be beneficial for preventing depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focuses on the design and synthesis of novel 1,4‐diformyl‐piperazine‐based ferrostatin‐1 (Fer‐1) derivatives, and their evaluation against ferroptosis activity. The synthesized compounds demonstrated significant anti‐ferroptosis activity in human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), with Compound 24 showing the highest potency. Mechanistic studies revealed that Compound 24 effectively reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, mitigated mitochondrial damage, and enhanced glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. Additionally, Compound 24 exhibited improved solubility and plasma stability compared to control compounds, Fer‐1 and JHL‐12. These findings suggest that 1,4‐diformyl‐piperazine‐based Fer‐1 derivatives hold promise as therapeutic agents for ferroptosis‐associated cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of microbial biofilms in many human chronic wounds led to the hypothesis that biofilms delay healing of these wounds. We tested this hypothesis in a population of 117 older individuals with venous leg ulcers who were receiving standardised therapy, including frequent debridement. Debridement specimens were analysed for the amount of bacterial biomass by two independent methods: a microscopic approach that scored the relative size and number of bacterial aggregates, interpreted as a biofilm metric, and conventional enumeration by agar plating for viable bacteria. The plating protocol yielded three distinct values: the total viable bacterial count, bleach‐tolerant bacteria, and the log reduction in viable bacteria upon bleach treatment. Wound healing rates over an 8‐week observation period were calculated as the rate of decrease of the equivalent diameter of the wound. There was no statistically significant association between wound healing and the biofilm metric in any of the three analyses performed (p ≥0.15). In all three statistical tests, wound healing was associated with the log reduction caused by bleach treatment (p ≤0.004); wounds that harboured bacteria that were more bleach‐susceptible healed more slowly. A refinement of the model of chronic wound infection pathogenesis is proposed in which dormant bacteria constitute a persistent nidus and outgrowth of metabolically active cells impairs healing. This model constitutes a new hypothesis as metabolic activity was not directly measured in this investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetic complication that results in visual impairment and relevant retinal diseases. Current therapeutic strategies on DR primarily focus on antiangiogenic therapies, which particularly target vascular endothelial growth factor and its related signaling transduction. However, these therapies still have limitations due to the intricate pathogenesis of DR. Emerging studies have shown that premature senescence of endothelial cells (ECs) in a hyperglycemic environment is involved in the disease process of DR and plays multiple roles at different stages. Moreover, these surprising discoveries have driven the development of senotherapeutics and strategies targeting senescent endothelial cells (SECs), which present challenging but promising prospects in DR treatment. In this review, we focus on the inducers and mechanisms of EC senescence in the pathogenesis of DR and summarize the current research advances in the development of senotherapeutics and strategies that target SECs for DR treatment. Herein, we highlight the role played by key factors at different stages of EC senescence, which will be critical for facilitating the development of future innovative treatment strategies that target the different stages of senescence in DR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of materials that offer both wear comfort and protection for functional and protective clothing has led to the exploration of weft-knitted spacer structures. Traditional cushioning materials such as spacer fabrics and laminated foam often suffer from deformation under compression stresses, thus compromising their protective properties. This study investigates the enhancement of the force absorption, stress–strain, and thermal properties of weft-knitted spacer fabrics with inlays. Surface yarns with superior stretchability and thermal properties are used and combined with elastic yarns in various patterns to fabricate nine different inlay samples. The mechanical and thermal properties of these samples are systematically analyzed, including their compression, stretchability, thermal comfort, and surface properties. The results show that the inlay spacer fabric exhibits superior compression properties and thermal conductivity compared to traditional laminated foam and spacer fabrics while maintaining stretchability, thus providing better performance than traditional fabrics for protective clothing and wearable cushioning products. This study further confirms that the type of inlay yarn and inlay structure are crucial factors that significantly influence the thermal, tensile, and compressive properties of the fabric. This research provides valuable insights into the design and development of advanced textile structures to improve wear comfort and protection in close-fitting apparel applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eurasian dryland ecosystems consist mainly of cropland and grassland, and their changes are driven by both natural factors and human activities. This study utilized the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), gross primary productivity (GPP) and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) to analyze the changing characteristics of vegetation activity in Eurasia over the past two decades. Additionally, we integrated the mean annual temperature (MAT), the mean annual precipitation (MAP), the soil moisture (SM), the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and the terrestrial water storage (TWS) to analyze natural factors' influence on the vegetation activity from 2003 to 2022. Through partial correlation and residual analysis, we quantitatively described the contributions of both natural and human factors to changes in vegetation activity. The results indicated an overall increasing trend in vegetation activity in Eurasia; the growth rates of vegetation greenness, productivity and photosynthetic capacity were 1.00 × 10−3 yr−1 (p < 0.01), 1.30 g C m−2 yr−2 (p < 0.01) and 1.00 × 10−3 Wm−2μm−1sr−1yr−1 (p < 0.01), respectively. Furthermore, we found that soil moisture was the most important natural factor influencing vegetation activity. Human activities were identified as the main driving factors of vegetation activity in the Eurasian drylands. The relative contributions of human-induced changes to NDVI, GPP and SIF were 52.45%, 55.81% and 74.18%, respectively. These findings can deepen our understanding of the impacts of current natural change and intensified human activities on dryland vegetation coverage change in Eurasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a group of prevalent neurological complications that often occur in elderly individuals following major or emergency surgical procedures. The etiologies are not fully understood. This study endeavored to investigate novel targets and prediction methods for the occurrence of PND. Methods: A total of 229 elderly patients diagnosed with prostatic hyperplasia who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) combined with spinal cord and epidural analgesia were included in this study. The patients were divided into two groups, the PND group and non-PND group, based on the Z-score method. According to the principle of maintaining consistency between preoperative and intraoperative conditions, three patients from each group were randomly chosen for serum sample collection. isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) proteomics technology was employed to analyze and identify the proteins that exhibited differential expression in the serum samples from the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis was performed on the proteins that exhibited differential expression. Results: Among the 1101 serum proteins analyzed in the PND and non-PND groups, eight differentially expressed proteins were identified in PND patients. Of these, six proteins showed up-regulation, while two proteins showed down-regulation. Further bioinformatics analysis of the proteins that exhibited differential expression revealed their predominant involvement in cellular biological processes, cellular component formation, as well as endocytosis and phagocytosis Additionally, these proteins were found to possess the RING domain of E3 ubiquitin ligase. Conclusion: The iTRAQ proteomics technique was employed to analyze the variation in protein expression in serum samples from patients with PND and those without PND. This study successfully identified eight proteins that exhibited differential expression levels between the two groups. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that proteins exhibiting differential expression are primarily implicated in the biological processes associated with microtubules. Investigating the microtubule formation process as it relates to neuroplasticity and synaptic formation may offer valuable insights for enhancing our comprehension and potential prevention of PND. Clinical Trial Registration: Registered (ChiCTR2000028836). Date (20190306). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and accuracy of predicting locoregional recurrence (LR) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) who underwent radical radiotherapy using a pairwise machine learning algorithm. Methods: The 130 datasets enrolled were randomly divided into a training set and a testing set in a 7:3 ratio. Clinical factors were included and radiomics features were extracted from pretreatment CT scans using pyradiomics-based software, and a pairwise naive Bayes (NB) model was developed. The performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). To facilitate practical application, we attempted to construct an automated esophageal cancer diagnosis system based on trained models. Results: To the follow-up date, 64 patients (49.23%) had experienced LR. Ten radiomics features and two clinical factors were selected for modeling. The model demonstrated good prediction performance, with area under the ROC curve of 0.903 (0.829–0.958) for the training cohort and 0.944 (0.849–1.000) for the testing cohort. The corresponding accuracies were 0.852 and 0.914, respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement, and DCA curve confirmed the clinical validity of the model. The model accurately predicted LR in elderly patients, with a positive predictive value of 85.71% for the testing cohort. Conclusions: The pairwise NB model, based on pre-treatment enhanced chest CT-based radiomics and clinical factors, can accurately predict LR in elderly patients with ESCC. The esophageal cancer automated diagnostic system embedded with the pairwise NB model holds significant potential for application in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acrylamide (AAM), a compound extensively utilized in various industrial applications, has been reported to induce toxic effects across multiple tissues in living organisms. Despite its widespread use, the impact of AAM on ovarian function and the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. Here, we established an AAM‐exposed mouse toxicological model using 21 days of intragastric AAM administration. AAM exposure decreased ovarian coefficient and impaired follicle development. Further investigations revealed AAM would trigger apoptosis and disturb tricarboxylic acid cycle in ovarian tissue, thus affecting mitochondrial electron transport function. Moreover, AAM exposure decreased oocyte and embryo development potential, mechanically associated with pericentrin and phosphorylated Aurora A cluster failure, leading to meiotic spindle assembly defects. Collectively, these results suggest that AAM exposure may lead to apoptosis, glucose metabolic disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ovary tissue, ultimately compromising oocyte quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networking sites (SNSs) are popular platforms for people to share and exchange information, especially for the millennial generation. This research uses Hong Kong as a case to study millennials' SNS usage behavior and the impact of online key opinion leaders' (KOLs) reviews on millennials' restaurant visit intention. Using a mixed method, this study first develops a KOLs online presentation framework, then investigates the relative importance of different elements in a restaurant review on buying intention. The findings reveal that Instagram, Facebook and YouTube are the top three most popular SNSs used by millennials in Hong Kong. In restaurant reviews posted by KOLs, photos of food and ambiance, ratings and opinions on food quality, and price are found to exert a significant and positive impact on millennials' restaurant visit intention. This research not only extends the study of online opinion leadership in the context of hospitality, but also provides practical recommendations for hotel and restaurant managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials and their interfaces are the core for the development of a large variety of fields, including catalysis, energy storage and conversion. In this case, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), which combines scanning probe microscopy with plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, is a powerful technique that can simultaneously obtain the morphological information and chemical fingerprint of target samples at nanometer spatial resolution. It is an ideal tool for the nanoscale chemical characterization of materials and interfaces, correlating their structures with chemical performances. In this review, we begin with a brief introduction to the nanoscale characterization of materials and interfaces, followed by a detailed discussion on the recent theoretical understanding and technical improvements of TERS, including the origin of enhancement, TERS instruments, TERS tips and the application of algorithms in TERS. Subsequently, we list the key experimental issues that need to be addressed to conduct successful TERS measurements. Next, we focus on the recent progress of TERS in the study of various materials, especially the novel low-dimensional materials, and the progresses of TERS in studying different interfaces, including both solid–gas and solid–liquid interfaces. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future developments of TERS in the study of materials and interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

cFLIP, a master anti-apoptotic regulator, targets the FADD-induced DED complexes of procaspase-8 in death receptor and ripoptosome signaling pathways. Several tumor cells maintain relatively high levels of cFLIP in achieving their immortality. However, understanding the three-dimensional regulatory mechanism initiated or mediated by elevated levels of cFLIP has been limited by the absence of the atomic coordinates for cFLIP-induced DED complexes. Here we report the crystal plus cryo-EM structures to uncover an unconventional mechanism where cFLIP and procaspase-8 autonomously form a binary tandem DED complex, independent of FADD. This complex gains the ability to recruit FADD, thereby allosterically modulating cFLIP assembly and partially activating caspase-8 for RIPK1 cleavage. Our structure-guided mutagenesis experiments provide critical insights into these regulatory mechanisms, elucidating the resistance to apoptosis and necroptosis in achieving immortality. Finally, this research offers a unified model for the intricate bidirectional hierarchy-based processes using multiprotein helical assembly to govern cell fate decisions. FADD binds Casp-8 and then cFLIP to form the FADD-Casp8-cFLIP complex. The authors found that the DED complex could assemble in reverse order, where cFLIP oligomerizes to bind Casp-8. The resultant complex could bind FADD, generating the cFLIP-Casp-8-FADD complex by a different mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecdysone-induced protein 93 (E93), known as the 'adult-specifier' transcription factor in insects, triggers metamorphosis in both hemimetabolous and holometabolous insects. Although E93 is conserved in ametabolous insects, its spatiotemporal expression and physiological function remain poorly understood. In this study, we first discover that, in the ametabolous firebrat Thermobia domestica, the previtellogenic ovary exhibits cyclically high E93 expression, and E93 mRNA is broadly distributed in previtellogenic ovarioles. E93 homozygous mutant females of T. domestica exhibit severe fecundity deficiency due to impaired previtellogenic development of the ovarian follicles, likely because E93 induces the expression of genes involved in ECM (extracellular matrix)-receptor interactions during previtellogenesis. Moreover, we reveal that in the hemimetabolous cockroach Blattella germanica, E93 similarly promotes previtellogenic ovarian development. In addition, E93 is also essential for vitellogenesis that is necessary to guarantee ovarian maturation and promotes the vitellogenesis-previtellogenesis switch in the fat body of adult female cockroaches. Our findings deepen the understanding of the roles of E93 in controlling reproduction in insects, and of E93 expression and functional evolution, which are proposed to have made crucial contributions to the origin of insect metamorphosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The post COVID-19 health condition of Chinese residents infected with Omicron is not clear after the change of epidemic prevention policies. This study aimed to clarify the epidemiology and associated factors about health status of rehabilitation patients. Methods: A quick questionnaire study based on C19-YRSm was conducted in mainland China through internet from May 1, 2023, to May 7, 2023. Chinese native speakers infected with Omicron variant agreed to participate were included. Persisting symptom and living habits were simultaneously inquired. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the associated factors. Results: In this study 753 individuals were included. Of whom 57.90% were males, 89.38% did not seek medical service, 99.47% recovered within less than 120 days. Breathlessness (47.68%), cognitive impairment (44.89%), Anxiety/mood changes (33.20%), pain/discomfort (32.94%), fatigue or tiredness not improved by rest (32.27%) and post-exertional malaise (30.01%) were the top reported key symptoms. Less than 10% respondents reported functional limitations. The prevalence of fever was reported greater than that of other symptoms, with dry eyes at 14.87%, appetite change at 14.34%, and hair loss at 12.22%. Middle age (OR: 2.353, 95%CI: 1.171 ~ 4.729), underlying diseases (OR: 2.293, 95%CI: 1.216 ~ 4.324), severe key symptom (OR: 6.168, 95%CI: 1.376 ~ 27.642) and at least one other symptom (OR: 1.847, 95%CI: 1.225 ~ 2.718)during the recovery were the risk factors of poor overall health after infection (current overall health score <8; 74.10%), while daily exercise in recovery period (OR: 0.457, 95%CI: 0.229 ~ 0.913), a low-fat diet (OR: 0.600, 95%CI: 0.401 ~ 0.898) and the recovery time from 2 to 4 months (OR: 0.639, 95%CI: 0.445 ~ 0.918) were the protective factors. Conclusion: This is the first time to use the C19-YRSm scale to evaluate the health status in China. The study revealed prevalence of persistent symptoms within 120 days after Omicron onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing the textile industry by improving the prediction of fabric properties and handfeel, which are essential for assessing textile quality and performance. However, the practical application and translation of AI-predicted results into real-world textile production remain unclear, posing challenges for widespread adoption. This paper systematically reviews AI-driven techniques for predicting these characteristics by focusing on model mechanisms, dataset diversity, and prediction accuracy. Among 899 papers initially identified, 39 were selected for in-depth analysis through both bibliometric and content analysis. The review categorizes and evaluates various AI approaches, including machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid models, across different types of fabric. Despite significant advances, challenges remain, such as ensuring model generalization and managing complex fabric behavior. Future research should focus on developing more robust models, integrating sustainability, and refining feature extraction techniques. This review highlights the critical gaps in the literature and provides practical insights to enhance AI-driven prediction of fabric properties, thus guiding future textile innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study compared the growth and meat quality of juvenile male and female Nile tilapia. Males grew bigger and heavier, while females excelled in feed conversion. Males had more crude fat and ash, but moisture and protein levels were unchanged. Amino acid profiles were similar overall, though females had an advantage in non-essential amino acids. This study compared the growth and flesh quality of juvenile male and female Nile tilapia grown in separate RAS tanks. The Genetic Sex Determination method yielded 40 males and 40 females. Males grew longer and heavier than females, and the results showed significant variation between the sexes in terms of weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and final body length and weight. In terms of the feed conversion ratio (FCR), Gonad Somatic Index (GSI), and Viscera Somatic Index (VSI), females presented better results than males. Male and female Hepatosomatic Index (HSI) values did not differ significantly—no difference in blood serum values. The meat's moisture and crude protein composition did not alter significantly from male to female; however, the crude fat and ash levels did differ significantly. Male and female animals were given the same seventeen distinct types of amino acids, and there was no distinct variation in the profiles of total amino acids (TAAs) and essential amino acids (EAAs) between the sexes. However, in the non-essential amino acid (NEAA) category, there were marginally significant differences, wherein females performed better than males. Males and females differed considerably in crude fat and ash levels but not in the moisture content or crude protein composition of the meat. Regarding fatty acids, males outperformed females in terms of total fatty acids (TFAs), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and saturated fatty acids (SFAs). However, no significant difference in the amount of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in muscle was found between males and females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally devised for cancer control, mRNA vaccines have risen to the forefront of medicine as effective instruments for control of infectious disease, notably their pivotal role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. This review focuses on fundamental aspects of the development of mRNA vaccines, e.g., tumor antigens, vector design, and precise delivery methodologies, - highlighting key technological advances. The recent, promising success of personalized mRNA vaccines against pancreatic cancer and melanoma illustrates the potential value for other intractable, immunologically resistant, solid tumors, such as glioblastoma, as well as the potential for synergies with a combinatorial, immunotherapeutic approach. The impact and progress in human cancer, including pancreatic cancer, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer are reviewed, as are lessons learned from first-in-human CAR-T cell, DNA and dendritic cell vaccines targeting glioblastoma. Going forward, a roadmap is provided for the transformative potential of mRNA vaccines to advance cancer immunotherapy, with a particular focus on the opportunities and challenges of glioblastoma. The current landscape of glioblastoma immunotherapy and gene therapy is reviewed with an eye to combinatorial approaches harnessing RNA science. Preliminary preclinical and clinical data supports the concept that mRNA vaccines could be a viable, novel approach to prolong survival in patients with glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As fluorine atoms significantly strengthen the metabolic stability and bioavailability of organic molecules, benzyl fluoride is found as an essential skeleton in pharmaceuticals or biologically active molecules. Here, we employ sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an efficient fluorinating reagent, achieving nucleophilic fluorination of widely available benzyl alcohols under visible LED light irradiation with a low dosage of photocatalyst 4CzIPN. The reaction is compatible with several substrate backbones and is not air- or moisture-sensitive, realizing the degradation and utilization of SF6, a potent greenhouse gas resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the vertical distribution, optical properties, radiative forcing, and several perturbation events of stratospheric aerosols using observations from a ground-based polarization lidar in Wuhan (30.5° N, 114.4° E) from 2010 to 2021. The background stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD) was 0.0044 ± 0.0019 at 532 nm , as calculated during a stratosphere-quiescent period from January 2013 to August 2017. In addition, several cases of volcanic aerosol and wildfire-induced smoke were observed. Volcanic aerosols from the Nabro (2011) and Raikoke (2019) eruptions (both in boreal summer) increased the sAOD to 2.9 times the background level. Tracers of smoke from the Canadian wildfire in the summer of 2017 were observed twice, at 19–21 km on 14–17 September and at 20–23 km on 28–31 October, with a plume-isolated aerosol optical depth (AOD) of 0.002–0.010 and a particle linear depolarization ratio δp of 0.14–0.18, indicating the dominance of non-aged smoke particles. During these summertime events, the injected stratospheric aerosols were captured by the large-scale Asian monsoon anticyclone (AMA), confining the transport pathway to mid-latitude Asia. On 8–9 November 2020, smoke plumes originating from the California wildfire in October 2020 appeared at 16–17 km , with a mean δp of 0.13. Regarding seasonal variation, the sAOD in the cold half-year (0.0054) is 69 % larger than in the warm half-year (0.0032) due to stronger meridional transport of stratospheric aerosols from the tropics to middle latitudes. The stratospheric radiative forcing was - 0.11 Wm-2 during the stratosphere-quiescent period and increased to - 0.31 Wm-2 when volcanic aerosols were largely injected. These findings contribute to our understanding of the sources and transport patterns of stratospheric aerosols over mid-latitude Asia and serve as an important database for the validation of model outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After enactment of the Patient Right to Autonomy Act in Taiwan, most of the individuals participating in advance care planning (ACP) and signing advance decisions (AD) have been healthy adults. This demographic is inadequately covered in the literature, in which related studies focus primarily on individuals with major illnesses. Purpose: This study was implemented to understand the experiences of healthy adults participating in ACP. Methods: A qualitative approach was taken and participants were recruited from ACP outpatient clinics in three hospitals in northern, central, and southern Taiwan. All of the participants were healthy adults who had completed the ACP process, did not have a major illness, had no psychiatric diagnoses, and could express themselves clearly. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of 15 participants were interviewed, generating three major themes: "Establishing the foundations of ACP", "Preserving dignity in end-of-life care", and "Key elements for successful ACP". Their motivation to engage in ACP and sign the AD form was influenced by past experiences and a desire to maintain dignity and physical autonomy through the aging process. Their decision-making processes were influenced by family opinions, sociocultural factors, and systemic dynamics. Conclusions/Implications for Practice: During the ACP and AD signing process, the consulting team not only helps healthy adults successfully provide informed consent but also, by fostering a supportive communication environment, ensures medical preferences and expectations are accurately reflected, thus promoting mutual care, support, and understanding among all parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identifying locations of landslide slip surfaces provides critical information for understanding the volume of landslides and the scale of disasters, both of which are essential for formulating disaster preparedness and mitigation strategies. Based on hydrogeological survey data from 24 deep-seated landslide-prone sites in Taiwan's mountainous regions, this study developed the hydraulic conductivity potential index (HCPI) using principal component analysis to quantify the hydraulic properties of disturbed rock formations with six geological factors. Then, regression analysis was performed to construct a permeability estimation model for the geological environment of landslides. Finally, the established model was utilized to develop an identification method for potential slip depths in landslide-prone sites. Results indicated a strong relation between HCPI and hydraulic conductivity with a determination coefficient of 0.895. The relation equation confirmed that the data it generated concerning the depths of significant changes in hydraulic conductivity could be used to identify potential slip surfaces. Additionally, this study successfully established a rule for identifying potential slip zones by summarizing data concerning the generated hydraulic conductivity profiles, stratigraphic lithology, existing inclinometer slip depth records, and groundwater level of landslide sites. This identification method was then applied to predict potential slip depths for ten landslide sites where slip surfaces have not yet occurred. These findings offer a new alternative to having early information on potential sliding depths for timely disaster management and control implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Traditional fixed thresholds for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results may inadequately prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancies. This study explores latent OGTT patterns and their association with adverse outcomes. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 2644 twin pregnancies using latent mixture models to identify glucose level patterns (high, HG; medium, MG; and low, LG) and their relationship with maternal/neonatal characteristics, gestational age at delivery, and adverse outcomes. Results: Three distinct glucose patterns, HG, MG, and LG patterns were identified. Among the participants, 16.3% were categorized in the HG pattern. After adjustment, compared with the LG pattern, the HG pattern was associated with a 1.79‐fold, 1.66‐fold, and 1.32‐fold increased risk of stillbirth, neonatal respiratory distress, and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, respectively. The risk of neonatal ICU admission for MG and HG patterns increased by 1.22 times and 1.32 times, respectively, compared with the LG pattern. As gestational weeks increase, although there is an overlap in the confidence intervals between the HG pattern and other patterns in the restricted cubic splines analysis, the trend suggests that pregnant women with the HG pattern are more likely to face risks of their newborns requiring neonatal intensive care unit admission, and adverse comprehensive outcomes, compared with other patterns. In addition, with age and body mass index increasing in HG mode, gestation weeks at delivery tend to be later than in other modes. Conclusion: Distinct OGTT glucose patterns in twin pregnancies correlate with different risks of adverse perinatal outcomes. The HG pattern warrants closer glucose monitoring and targeted intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Transcolonic endoscopic appendectomy (TEA) is rapidly evolving and has been reported as a minimally invasive alternative to appendectomy. We aimed to characterize the feasibility and safety of a novel unassisted single-channel TEA. Method: We retrospectively investigated 23 patients with appendicitis or appendiceal lesions who underwent TEA from February 2016 to December 2022. We collected clinicopathological characteristics, procedure‑related parameters, and follow‑up data and analyzed the impact of previous abdominal surgery and traction technique. Results: The mean age was 56.0 years. Of the 23 patients with appendiceal lesions, fourteen patients underwent TEA and nine underwent traction-assisted TEA (T-TEA). Eight patients (34.8%) had previous abdominal surgery. The En bloc resection rate was 95.7%. The mean procedure duration was 91.1 ± 45.5 min, and the mean wound closure time was 29.4 ± 18.6 min. The wounds after endoscopic appendectomy were closed with clips (21.7%) or a combination of clip closure and endoloop reinforcement (78.3%), and the median number of clips was 7 (range, 3–15). Three patients (13.0%) experienced major adverse events, including two delayed perforations (laparoscopic surgery) and one infection (salvage endoscopic suture). During a median follow-up of 23 months, no residual or recurrent lesions were observed, and no recurrence of abdominal pain occurred. There were no significant differences between TEA and T-TEA groups and between patients with and without abdominal surgery groups in each factor. Conclusion: Unassisted single-channel TEA for patients with appendiceal lesions has favorable short- and long-term outcomes. TEA can safely and effectively treat appendiceal disease in appropriately selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many businesses, forcing them to either close down or suspend operation for an extended time period. Since hospitality and tourism (H&T) companies are interrelated, closure of business may cause ripple effects and negatively affect individuals, organizations, and communities. Maintaining operation is especially important for some H&T units, when they are integral parts of larger H&T operations, such as the restaurants in the integrated resorts in Macao. Fighting to lose less, therefore, becomes one of their new business objectives in this prolonged battle. This paper explores how fine-dining restaurants in the integrated resorts in Macao adjust their business and operations in a highly uncertain and unpredictable environment. The findings present a Three-R Strategy Model (Reducing, Revising, and Reviving), which differs from strategies deployed in other crisis scenarios. The paper extends the existing knowledge of crisis management, and provides H&T practitioners a practical model for dealing with prolonged crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) contribute to tumor initiation, progression, and recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a crucial role in liver cancer stemness, progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, but no clinically approved drugs have targeted this pathway efficiently so far. We aimed to elucidate the role of COLEC10 in HCC stemness. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) databases were employed to search for the association between COLEC10 expression and HCC stemness. Colony formation, sphere formation, side population, and limiting dilution tumor initiation assays were used to identify the regulatory role of COLEC10 overexpression in the stemness of HCC cell lines. Wnt/β-catenin reporter assay and immunoprecipitation were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Results: COLEC10 level was negatively correlated with HCC stemness. Elevated COLEC10 led to decreased expressions of EpCAM and AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), two common markers of liver CSCs. Overexpression of COLEC10 inhibited HCC cells from forming colonies and spheres, and reduced the side population numbers in vitro, as well as the tumorigenic capacity in vivo. Mechanically, we demonstrated that overexpression of COLEC10 suppressed the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by upregulating Wnt inhibitory factor WIF1 and reducing the level of cytoplasmic β-catenin. COLEC10 overexpression promoted the interaction of β-catenin with the component of destruction complex CK1α. In addition, KLHL22 (Kelch Like Family Member 22), a reported E3 ligase adaptor predicted to interact with CK1α, could facilitate COLEC10 monoubiquitination and degradation. Conclusion: COLEC10 inhibits HCC stemness by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which is a promising target for liver CSC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES Colchicine, an anti-inflammatory agent, has been reported to improve myocardial infarction prognosis by inhibiting neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. However, its role in cardiac surgery and the mechanisms behind NETs suppression remain unclear. This study aimed to explore colchicine's cardioprotective effects against perioperative myocardial injury in cardiac surgery, focusing on NETs inhibition as a novel therapeutic strategy. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with colchicine (0.1 mg/kg/day) or CI-amidine (10 mg/kg/day) for 7 days before undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. The model was created by subjecting the rats to cardiopulmonary bypass and myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Under 4.0% sevoflurane anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass was initiated by cannulating the tail artery and right atrium, and perfusion was maintained for 4 h. Immunofluorescence detected NETs, and haematoxylin and eosin staining assessed inflammatory cell. RESULTS We found colchicine treatment significantly reduced perioperative myocardial injury in rats. Furthermore, we observed a notable elevation of NETs in the myocardial tissue of animal models. Moreover, suppressing peptidylarginine deiminase 4 was found to markedly diminish perioperative myocardial injury in rats. Additionally, colchicine can mitigate the release of NETs by inhibiting peptidylarginine deiminase 4. CONCLUSIONS NETs were significantly elevated during the perioperative period of cardiac surgery. Colchicine significantly mitigated myocardial injury in cardiac surgery by inhibiting NETs formation, with peptidylarginine deiminase 4 inhibition being one of its mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]