Search

In recent years, microfluidic bioreactors have become important in chemical production; however, the production cost is high, and it becomes difficult to balance scale, efficiency, and cost. Therefore, a low-cost, efficient, high-delivery-capacity, green-fluid reactor is urgently required. Herein, a cellulose bioreactor with dual-scale directional channels and a porous inner wall is reported for the continuous catalytic conversion of polydatin into resveratrol. The dual-scale directional channel structure endows the reactor with high mass transfer speed and large transport capacity, resulting in fast fluid diffusion rate and more severe "disturbance" inside the reactor. It accelerates the mass transfer state of the whole reaction and further improves the catalytic performance compared to the uniform channel reactor. The reactor can achieve a high conversion rate of 98.58% of resveratrol within 2 h and exhibits excellent stability, owing to which it has broad application prospects in catalytic reactions, and helps derive a new approach for constructing fluid catalysis bioreactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the variations in cross-correlations among the carbon trading market, geopolitical risk (GPR) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU), focusing on their multifractality and asymmetric properties. Therefore, the study employs the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) and multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA) approaches to examine these relationships from a three-dimensional perspective. Also, the study looks into cross-correlations at different phases of carbon trading. Our findings reveal that the multifractal cross-correlations between the carbon trading market and GPR or EPU exhibit anti-persistence and asymmetry. The anti-persistent cross-correlations are notably stronger when GPR experiences a downtrend or when EPU undergoes an uptrend. Furthermore, distinct fluctuation patterns emerge across various trends and scales on Hurst surfaces. In the short term, the carbon trading market exhibits heightened sensitivity to changes in GPR or EPU when they rise or fall. The cross-correlations remain multifractal, anti-persistent and asymmetric across different stages of carbon trading. Notably, the multifractality of cross-correlations is most pronounced for the series pair EUA/GPR in Phase II and for the series pair EUA/UK EPU in Phase III and Phase IV. Except for the series pair EUA/UK EPU in Phase II, the anti-persistent cross-correlations are more pronounced during uptrend than downtrend for the other series pairs. Moreover, the series pair EUA/UK EPU exhibits the highest degree of asymmetry at all stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The segmentation of abnormal regions is vital in smart manufacturing. The blurring sauce-packet leakage segmentation task (BSLST) is designed to distinguish the sauce packet and the leakage's foreground and background at the pixel level. However, the existing segmentation system for detecting sauce-packet leakage on intelligent sensors encounters an issue of imaging blurring caused by uneven illumination. This issue adversely affects segmentation performance, thereby hindering the measurements of leakage area and impeding the automated sauce-packet production. To alleviate this issue, we propose the two-stage illumination-aware sauce-packet leakage segmentation (ISLS) method for intelligent sensors. The ISLS comprises two main stages: illumination-aware region enhancement and leakage region segmentation. In the first stage, YOLO-Fastestv2 is employed to capture the Region of Interest (ROI), which reduces redundancy computations. Additionally, we propose image enhancement to relieve the impact of uneven illumination, enhancing the texture details of the ROI. In the second stage, we propose a novel feature extraction network. Specifically, we propose the multi-scale feature fusion module (MFFM) and the Sequential Self-Attention Mechanism (SSAM) to capture discriminative representations of leakage. The multi-level features are fused by the MFFM with a small number of parameters, which capture leakage semantics at different scales. The SSAM realizes the enhancement of valid features and the suppression of invalid features by the adaptive weighting of spatial and channel dimensions. Furthermore, we generate a self-built dataset of sauce packets, including 606 images with various leakage areas. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our ISLS method shows better results than several state-of-the-art methods, with additional performance analyses deployed on intelligent sensors to affirm the effectiveness of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing preference for incorporating microbial aspartic proteases in industries is due to their high catalytic function and high degree of substrate selectivity. These properties, however, are attributable to molecular alterations in their structure and a variety of other characteristics. Molecular tools, functional genomics, and genome editing technologies coupled with other biotechnological approaches have aided in improving the potential of industrially important microbial proteases by addressing some of their major limitations, such as: low catalytic efficiency, low conversion rates, low thermostability, and less enzyme yield. However, the native folding within their full domain is dependent on a surrounding structure which challenges their functionality in substrate conversion, mainly due to their mutual interactions in the context of complex systems. Hence, manipulating their structure and controlling their expression systems could potentially produce enzymes with high selectivity and catalytic functions. The proteins produced by microbial aspartic proteases are industrially capable and far-reaching in regulating certain harmful distinctive industrial processes and the benefits of being eco-friendly. This review provides: an update on current trends and gaps in microbial protease biotechnology, exploring the relevant recombinant strategies and molecular technologies widely used in expression platforms for engineering microbial aspartic proteases, as well as their potential industrial and biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: With the requirements of environmental, cost and economic sustainability, new sources of alternative proteins in the livestock industry are receiving increasing attention. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves are a unique feed resource because of their high protein content and large availability. Therefore, mining sustainable protein suitable for the animal husbandry industry in sericulture resources could achieve a win–win situation. RESULTS: The protein content in mulberry leaves is 232.10–386.16 g kg−1, and the mean value of crude fat content is 43.76 ± 8.48 g kg−1, which has the advantages of protein content and energy. In addition, the average content of phytic acid in mulberry leaves is only 1.88 ± 0.56 g kg−1, which means that it is not inhibited in terms of nutrient absorption. Meanwhile, the digestibility of protein was Bean pulp > Sample 8 ≈ Alfalfa ≈ Sample 13 ≈ Cottonseed meal > Fish meal, and the β‐turn and particle size of mulberry leaf protein are more conducive to digestion in vitro. Furthermore, the protein of Sample 13 had the richest essential amino acids (252.00 g kg−1) and the highest essential amino acid index (EAAI), which was superior to conventional feed protein. In addition, the partial substitution of mulberry leaf protein (15%) significantly increased the EAAI value of conventional feed protein. However, to balance nutrition, it is necessary to combine mulberry leaf protein with other proteins to further broaden its application field. CONCLUSION: Mulberry leaves are a new source of feed protein, which helps to alleviate the two major problems of mulberry resource surplus and feed protein resource shortage. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the traditional blasting theory and practice, the slotted cartridge blasting can form straight cracks extending along the slot direction and achieve directional fracture. In this paper, an experimental study has been carried out to determine the influence of incident stress waves and reflected stress waves. Under the influence of stress waves, the propagation path of the main crack in slotted cartridge blasting is not straight, and the directional fracture effect is inadequate. Under the experimental conditions in this paper, the propagation of main cracks mainly experienced three stages: directional propagation stage, counterclockwise deflecting propagation stage, and clockwise deflecting propagation stage. The difference between incident stress waves and reflected stress waves results in the difference in the deflecting direction, transforming the main crack into a wing shape. In rock roadway drilling and blasting engineering, the propagation path of main cracks produced by peripheral boreholes using the slotted cartridge blasting is also affected by the incident and reflected stress waves. These stress waves are inevitably generated from free faces and adjacent boreholes; however, these are rarely considered in the design of blasting parameters. Therefore, the design and optimization of blasting parameters considering the interaction of stress waves and main cracks in the slotted cartridge blasting need to be further developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silkworm pupae are a major by-product of the silkworm mulberry industry, and the high content of tri-alpha-linolenin (glyceryl tri-alpha-linolenate, LnLnLn) in silkworm pupae oil makes it an excellent essential fatty acid supplement. However, the complex triglyceride composition of silkworm pupae oil limits its absorption and utilization by the human body. In this study, a sequential simulated moving bed (SSMB) approach for continuous separation was presented to recover the high-value tri-alpha-linolenin monomer from silkworm pupae oil. C18 particles were used as the stationary phase. Acetonitrile and isopropanol were used as the elution mobile phases. Under optimal SSMB conditions, the purity and yield of the extracted products were 95.15±2.06% and 2.14±0.06 mg/mL, respectively. In comparison to the conventional extraction approach, the yield of tri-alpha-linolenin separated by SSMB was 26.7 times greater, the dose of eluent was lowered by 2 times, and the eluent could be recycled. To validate the experimental parameters, a mass transfer diffusion model was used. The molecular diffusion coefficient of tri-alpha-linolenin was 2.61×10−6 cm2/s, the axial diffusion coefficient was 2.61×10−6+7.56×10−3μ, and the mass transfer diffusion coefficient was 0.87 s−1. The correlation coefficient between the model and the actual measured values was 0.9688. Consequently, the separation of tri-alpha-linolenin monomer in silkworm pupae oil by sequential simulated moving bed chromatography column can be reasonably described and predicted by this model. In conclusion, a novel approach to the commercialization of insect oils was developed by the extraction and purification of tri-alpha-linolenin from silkworm pupae oil using the SSMB approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately segmenting the optic disk (OD) and optic cup (OC) on retinal fundus images is important for treating glaucoma. With the development of deep learning, some CNN-based methods have been implemented to segment OD and OC, but it is difficult to accurately segment OD and OC boundaries affected by blood vessels and the lesion area. To this end, we propose a novel boundary-enhanced adaptive context network (BEAC-Net) for OD and OC segmentation. Firstly, a newly designed efficient boundary pixel attention (EBPA) module enhances pixel-by-pixel feature capture to collect the boundary contextual information of OD and OC in the horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, background noise makes segmenting boundary pixels difficult. To this end, an adaptive context module (ACM) was designed, which simultaneously learns local-range and long-range information to capture richer context. Finally, BEAC-Net adaptively integrates the feature maps from different levels using the attentional feature fusion (AFF) module. In addition, we provide a high-quality retinal fundus image dataset named the 66 Vision-Tech dataset, which advances the field of diagnostic glaucoma. Our proposed BEAC-Net was used to perform extensive experiments on the RIM-ONE-v3, DRISHTI-GS, and 66 Vision-Tech datasets. In particular, BEAC-Net achieved a Dice coefficient of 0.8267 and an IoU of 0.8138 for OD segmentation and a Dice coefficient of 0.8057 and an IoU value of 0.7858 for OC segmentation on the 66 Vision-Tech dataset, achieving state-of-the-art segmentation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed at developing chitosan/collagen protease-based composite membranes loaded with enzyme nanoparticles and accessing its efficient biodegradation using a recombinantly produced aspartic protease from Aspergillus fumigatus (AfAP) with functional biochemical properties. By using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze the resulting membranes, it was found that the ENPs and the chitosan-collagen composite membranes were highly compatible. Thermal properties (TG, DTG and DSC) were employed to evaluate the changes in the structural and physical properties which reached 384.94 °C, and a residual mass of 4.21 ± 0.13%. The ENPs loaded membranes exhibited marginally improved antioxidant and microbial growth inhibitory activities reaching 57.29 ± 2.77% and 10.33 ± 0.65 mm respectively. Additionally, the respective protease employed for the degradation studies was successfully expressed in Pichia pastoris (GS115) host cells, with functional pH and temperature optima between pH 4.0–5.0 and 60 °C respectively, and specific activity of 8408.9 ± 305.6 U/mg. It also exhibited enhanced specificity to its substrates upon collagen, chitosan, Bovine serum albumin (BSA), casein and casein sodium salt degradation with specific activities of 1477 ± 99.1, 1177 ± 103, and 1051.6 ± 60.7 U/mg respectively. Furthermore, the composite membranes showed excellent biodegradability by the 6th day in a natural environment treated with the aspartic protease from Aspergillus fumigatus (AfAP). Thus, the developed nanocomposite membranes from chitosan/collagen exhibited great potential and can well mimic the functions of a new generation of biodegradable and sustainable membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self‐assembled hole transporting molecules (SAHTMs) bearing anchoring groups have been established as the hole transporting layers (HTLs) for highly efficient p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), yet their stability and engineering at the molecular level remain challenging. A topological design of highly anisotropic aligned SAHTM‐based HTLs for operationally stable PSCs that exhibit exceptional solar‐to‐electric power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) is demonstrated. The judiciously designed multifunctional self‐assembled molecules comprise the donor–acceptor subunit for hole transporting and the phosphonic acid group for anchoring, realizing face‐on π‐stacking parallel to the transparent conductive oxide substrate. The high affinity of SAHTMs to the multi‐crystalline perovskite thin film benefits passivating the perovskite buried interface, strengthening interfacial contact while facilitating interfacial hole transfer. Consequently, highly efficient p–i–n PSC devices are obtained with a champion PCE of 23.24% and outstanding operational stability toward various environmental factors including long‐term full sunlight soaking at evaluated temperatures. Perovskite solar modules with a champion efficiency approaching 20% are also fabricated for an active device area above 17 cm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidic biocatalytic reactors have attracted widespread attention in recent years, but the production cost is generally high, which makes it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale industrial production. Developing a low-cost, green fluid reactor has become an urgent requirement. Here, inspired by the three-dimensional hierarchical structure of natural wood, a cellulose-based bionic microfluidic biocatalytic reactor with vertically aligned channels and a porous inner wall is reported for the continuous fluid catalytic conversion of polydatin to resveratrol. NiO nanoparticles were immobilized on cellulose-based bionic materials as metal arms to adsorb poly-histidine-tagged enzymes to form a stable and efficient biocatalytic reactor. Due to the unidirectionally aligned channels and porous inner wall, the fluid in different channels of the bionic xylem reactor is disturbed through the porous inner wall, which greatly prolongs the residence time for the fluid inside the reactor and increases the probability for contact with the enzyme, improving the internal mass and heat transfer efficiency to achieve high catalytic activity (98.69% treatment efficiency) and excellent stability (maintain a conversion rate of more than 90% within 15 days). Because of the good and stable enzyme immobilization and high catalytic activity of the reactor, it can greatly simplify industrial upstream and downstream production and has broad application prospects for catalytic reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formulation in which biochemical enzymes are administered in polymer science plays a key role in retaining their catalytic activity. The one-step synthesis of polymers with highly sequence-controlled enzymes is a strategy employed to provide enzymes with higher catalytic activity and thermostability in material sustainability. Enzyme-catalyzed chain growth polymerization reactions using activated monomers, protein–polymer complexation techniques, covalent and non-covalent interaction, and electrostatic interactions can provide means to develop formulations that maintain the stability of the enzyme during complex material processes. Multifarious applications of catalytic enzymes are usually attributed to their efficiency, pH, and temperature, thus, progressing with a critical structure-controlled synthesis of polymer materials. Due to the obvious economics of manufacturing and environmental sustainability, the green synthesis of enzyme-catalyzed materials has attracted significant interest. Several enzymes from microorganisms and plants via enzyme-mediated material synthesis have provided a viable alternative for the appropriate synthesis of polymers, effectively utilizing the one-step approach. This review analyzes more and deeper strategies and material technologies widely used in multi-enzyme cascade platforms for engineering polymer materials, as well as their potential industrial applications, to provide an update on current trends and gaps in the one-step synthesis of materials using catalytic enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HER2-low expression breast cancer (BC) accounts for approximately 45%-55% of all BC cases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic difference between patients with HER2-low expression and HER2- zero BC. Methods: An electronic search of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases was performed to screen studies that included prognostic comparisons between HER2-zero and HER2-low expression groups. A total of 14 studies involving 52106 patients were included. Results: Our results indicated that HER2-low expression was associated with a significant benefit in OS among all patients with early BC (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.78-0.88), patients with hormone-receptor positive BC (HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.77-0.89), and patients with TNBC (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87). HER2-low expression was associated with a significant benefit in DFS among all patients (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.71-0.93), patients with hormone receptor-positive BC (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72-0.90), but no significant difference in DFS was found in patients with TNBC (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.65-1.17). HER2-low expression was associated with a significant benefit in RFS among all patients (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.85-0.95), patients with hormone receptor-positive BC (HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.84-0.96), but no significant difference in RFS was found in patients with TNBC (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.55-1.16). Conclusions: Among patients with early-stage BC, patients with HER2-low expression BC had better OS in the overall population, hormone receptor-positive and TNBC subgroups. Besides, favorable DFS and RFS were observed in both the overall population and hormone receptor-positive subgroup. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier (CRD 42022349458). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-glycosylation alters the properties of different enzymes in different ways. Rhizopus homothallicus was first described as an environmental isolate from desert soil in Guatemala. A new gene encoding glucanase RhGlu16B was identified in R. homothallicus. It had high specific activity (9673 U/mg) when barley glucan was used as a substrate, and β-glucan is hemicellulose that is abundant in nature. RhGlu16B has only one N-glycosylation site in its Ala55-Gly64 loop. It was found that N-glycosylation increased its Tm value and catalytic efficiency by 5.1 °C and 59%, respectively. Adding N-glycosylation to the same region of GH16 family glucanases TlGlu16A (from Talaromyces leycettanus) increased its thermostability and catalytic efficiency by 6.4 °C and 38%, respectively. In a verification experiment using GH16 family glucanases BisGlu16B (from Bisporus) in which N-glycosylation was removed, N-glycosylation also appeared to promote thermostability and catalytic efficiency. N-glycosylation reduced the overall root mean square deviation of the enzyme structure, creating rigidity and increasing overall thermostability. This study provided a reference for the molecular modification of GH16 family glucanases and guided the utilization of β-glucan in hemicellulose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the presence and asymmetry of cross-correlations between agricultural futures markets in China and the US as well as the impact of price support policies and public emergencies (Sino–US trade conflict and COVID-19 pandemic) on the cross-correlations by the multifractal methods. The results show that the fluctuation characteristics and conduction directions of cross-correlations are asymmetric. The price fluctuations of soybean and corn futures in China are easier to be affected by the US soybean and corn futures. We find that the cross-correlations are multifractal under different price support policies and pubic emergencies. The price support policies with greater interventions on soybean and corn prices have aggravated the complexity of cross-correlations between the two futures markets in China and the US. The soybean and corn futures in China are hardly correlated to the US futures under the dual effect of the Sino–US trade conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic. The Sino–US trade conflict strengthens the complexity of cross-correlation for soybean futures and weakens it for corn futures, while the COVID-19 pandemic enhances the complexity of cross-correlations for soybean and corn futures. In addition, the fat-tailed probability distributions in different price support policy and public emergency periods have a dominant influence on the multifractality of cross-correlations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To acquire a further utilization of mulberry seed, antioxidant peptides derived from defatted mulberry seed protein was prepared using a continue-flow microreactor with the synergistic effects of immobilized protease and nontoxic ionic liquid. The mulberry seed meal was pretreated with the combined simultaneous ultrasound treatment at a frequency combination of 20/28/40 kHz, solid–liquid ratio of 1:30, output power of 400 W, and temperature of 40 °C; the extraction rate of mulberry seed protein was up to 70.1%, 21.54% higher than that obtained with the single-frequency ultrasonic treatment (p < 0.05). The hydrolysis process of mulberry seed protein in the continue-flow microreactor was catalyzed by the immobilized protamex combined with choline chloride, the flow rate was 2.5 mL/min, the temperature was 50 °C, and the hydrolysis rate was up to 83.33%, which was 1.14 times higher than that without ionic liquid. Moreover, the immobilized protease can be used 12 times under continue-flow condition, and the enzyme activity was still more than 80% of the original enzyme. Four antioxidant peptides including AMDGK (896.24 Da), KFRAKDG (1109.47 Da), FPSNEPLLG (1287.15 Da), and SNVPNKEL (1005.14 Da) were obtained by ionic liquid-enhanced microfluidic hydrolysis with immobilized protease from mulberry seed protein, and AMDGK had not been reported before. These peptides exhibited strong scavenging activities on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH˙) (EC50 were 2.64, 1.89, 2.16, and 1.34 mg/mL, respectively) and superoxide anion radicals (·O2−) (EC50 were 3.36, 2.78, 2.56, and 1.77 mg/mL, respectively). Thus, the defatted mulberry seed protein possesses good edible development potential and economic value in the production of antioxidant peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the scarcity of resources, alternatives to non-renewable resources have become more important. Chemical catalysts react violently and the conditions are harsh. Using biocatalysts at the water/oil (W/O) interface remains technically challenging and is rewarding. In this study, the Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase-poly coupling biocatalyst was prepared by the atom transfer radical polymerization "grafting-from" method. The TL–PNIPAAm conjugate was successfully prepared and circular dichroism showed a negligible change between the free enzyme and conjugated enzyme by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the temperature and pH stability of the conjugate was better than that of free TL. The remaining activity of the TL–PNIPAAm conjugate for 10 h was approximately 20% higher than that of free TL after heat treatment (55 °C) and higher pH stability was obtained in the pH 4–10. The remaining activity of the TL–PNIPAAm conjugates was above 60% after recycling 7 times. In addition, the conversion of biodiesel from kitchen waste oil was 92.6% at 50 °C for 25 h with a conversion efficiency of 0.04 g/mL/h. Thus, a high stability and reusability biocatalyst and stabilizer at the interface of water-in-oil Pickering emulsions was successfully prepared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal imaging pedestrian-detection system has excellent performance in different lighting scenarios, but there are problems regarding weak texture, object occlusion, and small objects. Meanwhile, large high-performance models have higher latency on edge devices with limited computing power. To solve the above problems, in this paper, we propose a real-time thermal imaging pedestrian-detection method for edge computing devices. Firstly, we utilize multi-scale mosaic data augmentation to enhance the diversity and texture of objects, which alleviates the impact of complex environments. Then, the parameter-free attention mechanism is introduced into the network to enhance features, which barely increases the computing cost of the network. Finally, we accelerate multi-channel video detection through quantization and multi-threading techniques on edge computing devices. Additionally, we create a high-quality thermal infrared dataset to facilitate the research. The comparative experiments on the self-built dataset, YDTIP, and three public datasets, with other methods show that our method also has certain advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

QoS‐aware based web service recommendation is one of the crucial solutions to help users find high‐quality web services. To accurately predict the QoS values of candidate services, it is usually required to collect historical QoS data of users (QoS data for short). If these collected QoS data are improperly processed, QoS data privacy may be threatened. However, how to accurately predict the QoS values of candidate services while protecting QoS data privacy has not been well studied. In response to the situation, we propose a hybrid web service recommendation mechanism, which is divided into three parts. In the first part, the QoS data privacy preservation algorithm, which called DVO, is proposed based on keeping the cosine similarity of QoS data unchanged, that is, to realize the confusion of QoS data while ensuring the availability of QoS data remains unchanged. In the second part, a hybrid matrix factorization model based on location information and service features, which called LCLMF, is proposed to improve the accuracy of QoS values prediction. According to DVO and LCLMF, the DVO + LCLMF is designed in the third part, which can accurately predict QoS values while protecting QoS data privacy. The experimental results show that DVO + LCLMF can accurately predict the QoS values of candidate services on the basis of attaining QoS data privacy protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the fluctuation characteristics and asymmetry of cross-correlations between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and agricultural futures prices in China and the US by using the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-X-DFA) and multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA). We find that the multifractal cross-correlations exist between EPU and agricultural futures prices, and the cross-correlations are anti-persistent and asymmetric. The anti-persistent cross-correlations in China are all stronger than those in the US. The multifractal degree of cross-correlation between EPU and soybean futures price is lower in China than in the US, while the multifractal degree of cross-correlation between EPU and soybean meal, soybean oil or corn futures price is higher in China than in the US. Moreover, China's soybean futures price is more susceptible to the upward and downward trends in China's EPU, while the US soybean meal, soybean oil, and corn futures prices are more susceptible to them in the US EPU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study improves the RHT constitutive model based on some shortcomings, and the main improvements work are as follows: (1) hyperbolic function is used to make up for the deficiency of tensile strain rate enhancement factor of RHT constitutive model at high strain rate; (2) considering the constant change of hydrostatic pressure, the initial damage value of rock is introduced into the constitutive model, and the improved damage accumulation expression is derived based on this value. (3) In the equation of residual failure surface, the influence of the Lode angle factor is considered, the RHT constitutive parameters of crystalline limestone are determined by the SHPB experiment, and the difference in rock failure forms before and after the correction of constitutive parameters is simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA software. The results show that the improved constitutive parameters can effectively represent the yield strength surface and residual strength surface of the rock, which verifies the rationality of the improved RHT constitutive model, and also shows that it is an effective and simple method to obtain RHT constitutive parameters by SHPB experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluctuation characteristics of the correlations between China and the US agricultural futures markets have attracted extensive attention from academic circles and government departments. As the main factor that affects the agricultural futures price, the impact of international crude oil futures price on the correlations of the Sino-US agricultural futures markets is also worth discussing. Therefore, this paper adopts the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-X-DFA) and multifractal detrended partial cross-correlation analysis (MF-DPXA) to explore the fluctuation characteristics of cross-correlations for China and the US agricultural futures markets before and after removing the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures price as well as the impact on the cross-correlations. The results show that the fluctuation characteristics of the cross-correlations and partial cross-correlations between the corresponding varieties of China and the US agricultural futures markets as well as among the varieties within the markets are multifractal. The cross-correlation behaviors and the cross-market risks are all affected to varying degrees by the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures. The West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures weaken the cross-market risk of the Sino-US soybean futures, while strengthening the cross-market risk of the Sino-US corn and wheat futures. In addition, the impact of the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil futures on the cross-market risks among China agricultural futures is greater than those among the US corresponding agricultural futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐term stability has become the major obstacle for the successful large‐scale application of perovskites devices. Owing to the ionic nature of metal‐halide perovskites, the interfacial ion diffusion can induce irreversible degradation under operational conditions, which presents a great challenge to realize stable perovskite solar modules. Here, a diphenylphosphine oxide compound, ethane‐1,2‐diylbis(diphenylphosphine oxide) (DPPO) is introduced to coordinate with lead iodide and form a cross‐linked 1D Pb3I6‐DPPO (1D‐PbI2) complex. These judiciously designed cross‐linked nonionic low‐dimensional lead halide/organic adducts can passivate the defects of perovskite while acting as a robust ion diffusion barrier, thus significantly improving the electronic quality and intrinsic stability of perovskite films. As a result, high‐performance inverted (p‐i‐n) solar modules with a champion efficiency approaching 19% (a certified stabilized efficiency of 17.8%) for active device areas above 17 cm2 without the use of antisolvents, accompanied by outstanding operational stability under heat stress and continuous illumination are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of economic globalization, the stock markets in China and the US are increasingly linked. The fluctuation features and cross-correlations of the two countries' markets have attracted extensive attention from market investors and researchers. In this paper, the fractal analysis methods including multifractal asymmetric detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-ADCCA) and coupled detrended cross-correlation analysis (CDCCA) are applied to explore the volatilities of CSI300 and SP500 sector stock indexes as well as the cross-correlations and coupling cross-correlations between the two corresponding sector stock indexes. The results show that the auto-correlations, cross-correlations and coupling cross-correlations have multifractal fluctuation characteristics, and that the cross-correlations are asymmetric. Additionally, the coupling cross-correlation strengths are distinct due to the different influence of long-range correlations and fat-tailed distribution. Further, the co-movement between China and the US sector stock markets is susceptible to external market factors such as major economic events and national policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xylanase, an important accessory enzyme that acts in synergy with cellulase, is widely used to degrade lignocellulosic biomass. Thermostable enzymes with good catalytic activity at lower temperatures have great potential for future applications in the feed and fuel industries, which have distinct demands; however, the potential of the enzymes is yet to be researched. Results: In this study, a structure-based semi-rational design strategy was applied to enhance the low-temperature catalytic performance of Bispora sp. MEY-1 XYL10C_∆N wild-type (WT). Screening and comparisons were performed for the WT and mutant strains. Compared to the WT, the mutant M53S/F54L/N207G exhibited higher specific activity (2.9-fold; 2090 vs. 710 U/mg) and catalytic efficiency (2.8-fold; 1530 vs. 550 mL/s mg) at 40 °C, and also showed higher thermostability (the melting temperature and temperature of 50% activity loss after 30 min treatment increased by 7.7 °C and 3.5 °C, respectively). Compared with the cellulase-only treatment, combined treatment with M53S/F54L/N207G and cellulase increased the reducing sugar contents from corn stalk, wheat bran, and corn cob by 1.6-, 1.2-, and 1.4-folds, with 1.9, 1.2, and 1.6 as the highest degrees of synergy, respectively. Conclusions: This study provides useful insights into the underlying mechanism and methods of xylanase modification for industrial utilization. We identified loop2 as a key functional area affecting the low-temperature catalytic efficiency of GH10 xylanase. The thermostable mutant M53S/F54L/N207G was selected for the highest low-temperature catalytic efficiency and reducing sugar yield in synergy with cellulase in the degradation of different types of lignocellulosic biomass. Highlights: Key sites were proved to promote low-temperature catalytic efficiency of xylanase. Thermostable mutant with improved catalytic efficiency at 40 °C was obtained. Synergistic hydrolysis was dramatically improved between the mutant and cellulase. Agricultural wastes were converted into fermentable sugars by enzymolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Container technology has become a widely used virtualization technology in cloud platform due to its lightweight virtualization characteristics. However, it shares the kernel with the host, so it has poor security and isolation, and is vulnerable to flood, denial of service, and escape attacks. In order to effectively detect whether the container is attacked or not, an intrusion detection method based on host system call frequency was proposed. This method took advantage of the different frequency of system call between different attack behaviors, collected the system call generated when the container was running, extracted the system call features by combining the sliding window and TF-IDF algorithm, and classified by comparing the feature similarity. The experimental results show that the detection rate of this method can reach 97%, and the false alarm rate is less than 4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic scaling is one of the techniques to deal with the sudden change of the number of tasks and the long average waiting time of tasks in the container cluster. The unreasonable resource supply may lead to the low comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster. Therefore, balancing the relationship between the average waiting time of tasks and the comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster based on the number of tasks is the key to elastic scaling. In this paper, an adaptive scaling algorithm based on the queuing model called ACEA is proposed. This algorithm uses the hybrid multiserver queuing model (M/M/s/K) to quantitatively describe the relationship among number of tasks, average waiting time of tasks, and comprehensive resource utilization rate of cluster and builds the cluster performance model, evaluation function, and quality of service (QoS) constraints. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to search feasible solution space determined by the constraint relation of ACEA quickly, so as to improve the dynamic optimization performance and convergence timeliness of ACEA. The experimental results show that the algorithm can ensure the comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster while the average waiting time of tasks meets the requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic scaling is one of the techniques to deal with the sudden change of the number of tasks and the long average waiting time of tasks in the container cluster. The unreasonable resource supply may lead to the low comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster. Therefore, balancing the relationship between the average waiting time of tasks and the comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster based on the number of tasks is the key to elastic scaling. In this paper, an adaptive scaling algorithm based on the queuing model called ACEA is proposed. This algorithm uses the hybrid multiserver queuing model (M/M/s/K) to quantitatively describe the relationship among number of tasks, average waiting time of tasks, and comprehensive resource utilization rate of cluster and builds the cluster performance model, evaluation function, and quality of service (QoS) constraints. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to search feasible solution space determined by the constraint relation of ACEA quickly, so as to improve the dynamic optimization performance and convergence timeliness of ACEA. The experimental results show that the algorithm can ensure the comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster while the average waiting time of tasks meets the requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic scaling is one of the techniques to deal with the sudden change of the number of tasks and the long average waiting time of tasks in the container cluster. The unreasonable resource supply may lead to the low comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster. Therefore, balancing the relationship between the average waiting time of tasks and the comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster based on the number of tasks is the key to elastic scaling. In this paper, an adaptive scaling algorithm based on the queuing model called ACEA is proposed. This algorithm uses the hybrid multiserver queuing model (M/M/s/K) to quantitatively describe the relationship among number of tasks, average waiting time of tasks, and comprehensive resource utilization rate of cluster and builds the cluster performance model, evaluation function, and quality of service (QoS) constraints. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to search feasible solution space determined by the constraint relation of ACEA quickly, so as to improve the dynamic optimization performance and convergence timeliness of ACEA. The experimental results show that the algorithm can ensure the comprehensive resource utilization rate of the cluster while the average waiting time of tasks meets the requirement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large number of defective mulberries are discarded each year because mulberries are easy to break. The red pigments from defective mulberries are recognized as the sustainable sources of anthocyanins extracted from nature. Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside are the main components of mulberry red pigments, accounting for 50% and 40% of the total, respectively. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside exhibits anticancer, hypoglycemic, and liver and visceral protection properties. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside can be prepared by enzymatically hydrolyzing the rhamnosidase bond of cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside. To obtain mulberry red pigment with a high purity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase was added to the aqueous two-phase system to construct a liquid-liquid-solid three-phase enzyme catalytic system. After optimization, the three-phase system was composed of 27.12% (w/w) ethanol, 18.10% (w/w) ammonium sulfate, 15% (w/w) mulberry juice, 4.24% (w/w) immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase, and 35.54% (w/w) pure water. The three-phase system was employed to enrich and purify cyanidin-3-O-glucoside at pH 5 and 45 °C for 1 h. The purity of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was increased from 40 to 82.42% with cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside conversion of 60.68%. The immobilized α-L-rhamnosidase could be reused seven times, maintaining a relative activity of over 50%. Overall, the developed system provided an efficient and simple approach for high purity mulberry red pigment production and recycling in the field of sustainable agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silkworm pupae are a typical byproduct with high protein content from silk-reeling industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of defatted silkworm pupae hydrolysate as an alternative nitrogen source to produce polysaccharides and flavonoids using the fungus Phellinus baumii. The results indicated that the defatted silkworm pupa was treated with dispase, and the freeze-dried hydrolysate had a yield of 37% and a nitrogen content of 3.18%. In the fermentation process, the content of the hydrolysates was 32 g/L. Moreover, the consuming reducing sugar accounted for 75.61% of the total reducing sugar and the nitrogen consumption accounted for 35.19% of the total nitrogen content. The maximum biomass produced by the hydrolysate treatment group was 0.6 g/L, and the extracellular flavonoid concentration was 0.4 g/L; the produced extracellular polysaccharide concentration was 7.71 g/L, which was 1.4–5.9 times higher than that of other nitrogen source treatment groups. Therefore, the defatted silkworm pupae hydrolysate is an effective alternative nitrogen source which has great economic value. As a nitrogen source reagent, it enhanced the fermentation ability of P. baumii and increased the yield of extracellular polysaccharides and flavonoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ralstonia solanacearum is a common plant bacterium, and the improper use of chemicals to control this bacterium is harmful to the environment. Many undeveloped aromatic plants and green plant waste can be used for the preparation of essential oils (EOs). EOs have various biological activities, such as bacteriostatic, insecticidal and anti-oxidation, and are currently in the exploration stage for the control of R. solanacearum. In the present study, the inhibitory activity of ten EOs against R. solanacearum was determined by an antibacterial test. To prolong the duration of antibacterial activity, microcapsules of EOs were prepared by the complex coacervation method, and the optimal preparation conditions were obtained by central composite design method. The results showed that cinnamon EOs had the strongest antibacterial activity. For GIM1.71, GIM1.74, GIM1.76, GMI1000 and RS-5, the EC50 values of cinnamon EOs were 0.055 mg/mL, 0.071 mg/mL, 0.03 mg/mL, 0.067 mg/mL and 0.063 mg/mL, respectively. The preparation condition of cinnamon EOs microcapsules was as follows: the core-wall ratio was 4.35:1, the ratio of chitosan and sodium alginate was 0.15:1, and the calcium chloride concentration was 0.95 wt%. The encapsulation efficiency was 87.32%, and the average particle size of microcapsule was 870.4 μm. The release rate of microcapsule was 44.53% at 100 °C for 6 h and the release of the core materials in microcapsules was in line with Korsmeyer–Peppas release kinetics. Microcapsules placed at room temperature for 7 days still had significant antibacterial activity against five species of R. solanacearum. Due to its good stability and antibacterial activity, cinnamon EOs microcapsules will have great market application prospects as antibacterial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organometal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has reached 25.2%, control of the crystallization process and its impact on film quality is still one of the main challenges. Here, a new perovskite growth method using formamidinium chloride (FACl) as an additive is introduced to enlarge the crystal grain size and improve the quality of the perovskite film. Strikingly, the champion power conversion efficiency of FA0.85MA0.15PbIxBr3−x-based and Cs0.05FA0.85MA0.10Pb(I0.97Br0.03)3-based PSC devices reaches 21.02% and 22.56%, respectively. The hysteresis index is found to decrease from 0.101 to 0.005, which is attributed to suppressed ion migration and surface charge trapping. Besides, the better film quality with FACl significantly increases the environmental stability of the perovskite films, yielding devices that maintain 90% of their initial efficiency after 1200 h under ambient air conditions, whereas the pristine devices without FACl only maintain 50% of their initial efficiency. Our solar cells processed with additives also achieve retardation of degradation of the PCE with a considerably enhanced environmental stability. This work offers a promising route through crystallization management to achieve high performance and stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids produced from agricultural and industrial residues using oleaginous microorganisms for use as biofuels are attracting the attention of researchers due to their environmental benefits. However, low efficiencies and high costs limit their application to a certain extent. The present study is the first to use inositol as an enhancer to improve the production and accumulation of lipids during fermentation by the microalga Schizochytrium sp. SR21. The study aimed to maximize the production of lipids and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) by optimizing the conditions of inositol addition into the fermentation medium. The corresponding key enzyme and metabolite profiles of SR21 were evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of 120 mg L−1 of inositol to the medium at 48 h improved lipid and DHA production by 13.90 and 20.82%, resulting in total concentrations of 22.86 and 8.53 g/L, respectively. Moreover, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) to saturated fatty acids (SFAs) increased by 23.38% and is consistent with the results of the metabolomic analysis. The activity of enzymes (i.e., PC, G6PDH, NADPH-ME, and ACL) related to fatty acid synthesis in strain SR21 also increased significantly (43.38%, 28.68%, 37.47%, and 19.87%, respectively). Metabolomic analysis also showed that inositol promoted lipid synthesis in SR21 and significantly increased the relative proportion of UFAs by affecting the citrate cycle and SFA and UFA metabolic pathways. Thus, inositol is an ideal enhancer of lipid production and accumulation by oleaginous microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining control over the crystallographic growth kinetics in polycrystalline perovskites has become a central topic toward achieving high efficiency and stable perovskite solar cells. Inspired by the chemistry of halogen bonding, we introduce an effective processing strategy using diiodoperfluoroalkyl and diiodoalkyl additives to modulate the crystallization, traps and resultant photophysical processes in methylammonium halide (CH3NH3PbI3) perovskite solar cells that can reach a power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 20% associated with a negligible hysteresis with a compact TiO2 based planar structure. Aided by combinatorial analyses with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and density functional theory calculation, we ascribe the achieved modulation of the crystallization in CH3NH3PbI3 to the formation of halogen bonding between the iodine in the additives and halide anions in perovskite precursor solutions. Benefitting from the modification with additives, the resultant solar cells exhibit a decrease in Shockley–Read–Hall recombination due to the suppressed charge trapping which explains the improvement of PCE. Our solar cells processed with additives also show retardation of degradation with a considerably enhanced environmental stability. This work offers a promising route through additive management to achieve high performance and stable perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reaching the full potential of solar cells based on photo‐absorbers of organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites requires highly efficient charge extraction at the interface between perovskite and charge transporting layer. This demand is generally challenged by the presence of under‐coordinated metal or halogen ions, causing surface charge trapping and resultant recombination losses. These problems can be tackled by introducing a small molecule interfacial anchor layer based on dimethylbiguanide (DMBG). Benefitting from interactions between the nitrogen‐containing functional groups in DMBG and unsaturated ions in CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites, the electron extraction of TiO2 is dramatically improved in association with reduced Schottky–Read–Hall recombination, as revealed by photoluminescence spectroscopy. As a consequence, the power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells is boosted from 17.14 to 19.1 %, showing appreciably reduced hysteresis. The demonstrated molecular strategy based on DMBG enables one to achieve meliorations on key figures of merit in halide perovskite solar cells with improved stability. Surface traps: Incorporating a dimethylbiguanide (DMBG) anchoring layer in between the compact TiO2 and perovskite photo‐absorber leads to an effective passivation of surface traps with reduced Shockley–Read–Hall recombination, such that the power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells is boosted to 19.1 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer (LC) is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have garnered attention because they participate in diverse human disorders, including cancer. Our study examined the long intergenic noncoding RNA 00707 (LINC00707). The effects of LINC00707 on lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) and molecular mechanisms are unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the role of LINC00707 in the malignant processes of LAD. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression level of LINC00707 in tissues and cell lines. The association of LINC00707 expression and postoperative prognosis was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Cell proliferation was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Transwell assays were performed to examine cell migration. Cell cycle and apoptosis was determined by flow-cytometric and western blot analyses. Microarray analysis was conducted to screen for the downstream target gene Cdc42 of LINC00707, which was identified by qRT-PCR, functional analysis, and rescue experiment. Results: The expression level of LINC00707 was clearly upregulated in LAD tissues compared to that in corresponding normal tissues. Its overexpression was related to advanced TNM stage, larger tumor size, lymphatic metastasis, and poor prognosis. Functional assays revealed that LINC00707 knockdown repressed LAD cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. This process may involve the inducing of G1 arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, cell migration was impaired after LINC00707 inhibition. Microarray analysis and rescue assays suggested that Cdc42 is an important target gene involved in the carcinogenesis of LINC00707. Conclusions: In summary, LINC00707 is a noncoding oncogene that exerts important regulatory functions in LAD, suggesting its potential as a biomarker in the prognosis and treatment of LAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce intrinsic defect density in perovskite films, various additives are often added into the precursor solution. In this paper, a novel solution, in which isopropanol (IPA) was added into the precursor solution, was developed for the preparation of normal planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.70 % was achieved with this approach. By adding IPA into the precursor solution, CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite showed better crystallization and stability, indicating improved film quality. Because of the improved morphology of perovskite crystal, the PCE of PSCs increased. In addition, the unencapsulated PSCs retained high output for up to 40 days in air at room temperature, indicating the stability of PSCs. These results may provide a new avenue for manufacturing high efficiency and high stability PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extremophilic xylanases have attracted great scientific and industrial interest. In this study, a GH10 xylanase-encoding gene, Xyl10E, was cloned from Bispora sp. MEY-1 and expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115. Deduced Xyl10E shares the highest identities of 62% and 57% with characterized family GH10 xylanases from Talaromyces leycettanus and Penicillium canescens (structure 4F8X), respectively. Xyl10E was most active at 93 to 95°C and pH 4.0, retained more than 75% or 48% of the initial activity when heated at 80°C or 90°C for 30 min, respectively, and hardly lost activity at pH 1.0 to 7.0, but was completely inhibited by SDS. Two residues, A160 and A161, located on loop 4, were identified to play roles in catalysis. Mutants A160D/E demonstrated higher affinity to substrate with lower Km values, while mutants A161D/E mainly displayed elevated Vmax values. All of these mutants had significantly improved catalytic efficiency. According to the molecular dynamics simulation, the mutation of A160E was able to affect the important substrate binding site Y204 and then improve the substrate affinity, and the mutation of A161D was capable of forming a hydrogen bond with the substrate to promote the substrate binding or accelerate the product release. This study introduces a highly thermophilic fungal xylanase and reveals the importance of loop 4 for catalytic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the relationship between state pension and intergenerational monetary transfers received by older parents in urban China. We used data from the Follow-up Sampling Survey of the Aged Population in Urban/Rural China (FUSSAPUR), a nationwide study of people age 60 and older from 20 provinces. Results indicate that the amount of pension was negatively correlated to the probability of receiving transfers, which are consistent with both altruism and exchange hypotheses. We apply a semiparametric method to identify the nonparametric responsiveness of transfers to recipients’ pension while still taking into account how the (linear) covariates affect such responsiveness. We found crowding out was not an important feature of transfer behavior, but crowding in was. There was initially a negligible negative relationship between the amount of transfer received and pension for the elderly at low pension income level. The correlation became significantly positive for older parents at median and high pension income level. Our findings suggest a coexistence of transfer motives, where the exchange motive and its implication, crowding-in effect of pension, dominate. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Here we investigate temperature-dependent charge transport in solution-processed methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) perovskite thin films with steady-state mobility measurements. Based on control of the thickness (L) of the MAPbI3 films, one attains tunability in the carrier mobility, trap density and recombination that lead to alterations in the device characteristics. We find that the increased hole mobility in MAPbI3 with incremental variations in L is associated with reduction in the trap concentration and Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination. By interrogating the ideality factor, we identify that the SRH charge recombination is present in the optimal solar cell. Of interest, the impact of traps on recombination becomes weakened and eventually is overwhelmed by bimolecular recombination with increasing L. Photoluminescence decay kinetics reveal that the PL related to surface and bulk recombination is longer-lived at larger L, in line with the results based on electrical analysis. The meliorated transport properties with reduced charge trapping in MAPbI3 films can correlate to the slightly enhanced crystallinity and homogeneity in the grain size distribution in thicker films. The combinatorial study shows that the transport properties alongside traps in MAPbI3 films are tunable simply by the physical parameter of L. Meanwhile, our work points to the necessity to further reduce the trap density so as to boost the photovoltaic performance using perovskite thin films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]