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Purpose: To compare the biomechanical responses of a normal mandible to an osteoporotic mandible with two-implant--supported magnetic attachments. Materials and Methods: A 3D finite-element model of a two-implant--supported mandibular overdenture with magnetic attachments was developed, and normal and osteoporotic bone samples were prepared. Four types of load were applied to the overdenture in each model: 100 N vertical and oblique loads on the right first molar, and a 100 N vertical load on the right canine and incisors. Biomechanical behaviors of the peri-implant bone, implant, and mucosa were recorded. Maximum equivalent stresses and elastic strains were analyzed. Results: Equivalent elastic strain in osteoporotic cortical and cancellous bone was 9% to 71% and was 142% and 207% greater than in normal cortical bone, respectively. Equivalent elastic strain in the first molar oblique loading condition was 101% to 190% greater than in the first molar vertical loading condition. Conclusions: Osteoporotic cancellous bone was weaker and less resistant to deformation than normal bone, and oblique loading was more harmful than vertical loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) over time predisposes to inflammatory responses and abnormalities in functional brain networks that damage learning, memory, or executive function. The hippocampus is a key region often reporting connectivity abnormalities in memory disorders. Here, we investigated peripheral inflammatory responses and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) changes characterized of hippocampal subregions in type 2 diabetes-associated cognitive decline (T2DACD). Methods: The study included 16 patients with T2DM, 16 patients with T2DACD and 25 healthy controls (HCs). Subjects were assessed for cognitive performance, tested for the expression of inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α in peripheral serum, underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans, and analyzed for RSFC using the hippocampal subregions as seeds. We also calculated the correlation between cognitive performance and RSFC of hippocampal subregion, and analyzed the significantly altered RSFC values of T2DACD for Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: T2DACD patients showed a decline in their ability to complete cognitive assessment scales and experimental paradigms, and T2DM did not show abnormal cognitive performance. IL-6 expression was increased in peripheral serum in both T2DACD and T2DM. Compared with HCs, T2DACD showed abnormalities RSFC of the left anterior hippocampus with left precentral gyrus and left angular gyrus. T2DM showed abnormalities RSFC of the left middle hippocampus with right medial frontal gyrus, right anterior and middle hippocampus with left precuneus, left anterior hippocampus with right precuneus and right posterior middle temporal gyrus. Compared with T2DM, T2DACD showed abnormalities RSFC of the left posterior hippocampus and right middle hippocampus with left precuneus. In addition, RSFC in the left posterior hippocampus with left precuneus of T2DACD was positively correlated with Flanker conflict response time (r=0.766, P=0.001). In the ROC analysis, the significantly altered RSFC values of T2DACD achieved significant performance. Conclusions: T2DACD showed a significant decrease in attentional inhibition and working memory, peripheral pro-inflammatory response increased, and abnormalities RSFC of the hippocampal subregions with default mode network and sensory-motor network. T2DM did not show a significant cognitive decline, but peripheral pro-inflammatory response increased and abnormalities RSFC of the hippocampus subregions occurred in the brain. In addition, the left precuneus may be a key brain region in the conversion of T2DM to T2DACD. The results of this study may provide a basis for the preliminary diagnosis of T2DACD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis is a new form of cell death that differs from traditional forms of death. It is ferroptosis-dependent lipid peroxidation death. Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the most common tumor in the gastrointestinal tract with a long occultation period and a poor five-year prognosis. Exploring effective systemic treatments for CRC remains a great challenge worldwide. Numerous studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis can participate in the biological malignant process of various tumor, including CRC, so understanding the role and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC plays a crucial role in the treatment of CRC. In this paper, we reviews the mechanisms of ferroptosis in CRC, the associated regulatory factors and their interactions with various immune cells in the immune microenvironment. In addition, targeting ferroptosis has emerged as an encouraging strategy for CRC treatment. Finally, to inform subsequent research and clinical diagnosis and treatment, we review therapeutic approaches to CRC radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and herbal therapy targeting ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity poses a significant global health challenge, with profound implications for women's reproductive health. The relationship between ovarian reserve and body mass index (BMI) remains a subject of debate. While obesity is generally associated with poorer outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART), the evidence remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pre-pregnancy BMI on ovarian reserve and ART outcomes in infertile patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving women who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures at Tongji Hospital between 2016 and 2023. The study included 30,746 initial fresh cycles and 5,721 singleton deliveries. Patients were stratified by age and further categorized into four BMI groups: lean (< 18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²), and obese (≥ 30.0 kg/m²). The primary endpoints of the study were pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. To explore the association between BMI and these outcomes, we adjusted for relevant confounding factors and utilized multivariate linear regression models, complemented by multifactorial logistic regression analyses. Results: Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were significantly lower in the overweight and obese groups compared to the normal weight group. After adjusting for age, a negative correlation was found between AMH and BMI in the age subgroups of 20–30 and 30–35 years. Among women aged 20–35 years, those in the overweight and obese groups had significantly fewer retrieved oocytes, mature oocytes, and two-pronuclear (2PN) embryos than their normal weight counterparts. Despite these differences, pregnancy outcomes in the overweight and obese groups were comparable to those in the normal weight group across all age categories. Additionally, obesity was linked to an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and macrosomia. Conclusions: An age-related decrease in AMH levels was evident with increasing BMI. Although being overweight or obese is associated with poorer embryo and perinatal outcomes, it does not seem to have a substantial impact on fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonium iodides are intensively investigated as effective interfacial passivation agents in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) while facing a major challenge of their high reactivity with perovskites that undermines the operational stability of the PSCs. Exemplified by involving rationally designed/selected peptide into the widely adopted phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI), the present work demonstrates that the bespoke peptide‐PEAI can effectively inhibit the deprotonation of ammonium iodides and thus hinder the formation of 2D perovskite, facilitating the stability enhancement in perovskite films by multi hydrogen bonding. The additional lone pair electrons provided by peptide molecules can also enhance the passivation ability of the modified layer. Attributed to the stable co‐modifier peptide‐PEAI, the small‐area FAPbI3‐based PSCs yield a high efficiency of 25.02% with robust light and thermal stabilities. Moreover, the peptide‐PEAI‐based minimodules with an efficiency of 19.06% for a total area of 36 cm2 manifested the great application potential of this co‐modification strategy in the perovskite photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A modified fifth‐order WENO‐Z scheme is proposed by analogy with the non‐normalized weights of the reformulated fifth‐order adaptive order (AO) WENO scheme. We show that if the original fifth‐order WENO‐AO scheme is rewritten as the form of the conventional WENO combination, the resulting non‐normalized weights can be divided into three parts: a constant one term, a local stencil smoothness measure term and a global stencil smoothness measure term. In order to make use of the latter two terms for constructing a modified WENO‐Z scheme with enhanced performance, we change the form of the third term and introduce an adaptive scaling factor to adjust the contributions from the second and third terms. Numerical examples show that the modified fifth‐order WENO‐Z scheme has the advantage of high resolution in smooth regions and sharp capturing of discontinuities, and it can obtain evidently better results for shocked flows with small‐scale structures compared with the recently developed WENO‐Z+ and WENO‐Z+M schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Younger premenopausal women are more prone to developing ovarian metastases (OM) of gastric cancer (GC) than metastases of other organs; however, the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here we perform single-cell RNA sequencing on 45 tumor samples from 18 GC patients with OM. Interestingly, fibroblasts in OM of GC express high levels of estrogen receptor (ER) and midkine (MDK), interacting with tumor cells through activating ER-MDK-LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1) signaling axis. Functional experiments demonstrate that estrogen stimulation induces MDK secretion by ovarian fibroblasts, and binding of MDK to LRP1 increases GC cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, in vivo, estrogen stimulation remarkably augments ovarian engraftment and metastasis of LRP1+ GC cells. Collectively, our findings reveal that ER+ ovarian fibroblasts secrete MDK under estrogen influence, driving OM of GC via the MDK-LRP1 axis. Our study holds the potential to catalyze innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at intercepting and managing OM in GC. Ovarian metastases of gastric cancer are more likely to occur in young premenopausal women. Here authors show that estrogen regulates ovarian fibroblasts to promote ovarian metastasis of gastric tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central venous catheters (CVC) are used for dialysis in end-stage renal disease patients, presenting a significant risk for Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSI). While Lean Six Sigma has been effective in reducing CRBSI, its efficacy outside intensive care units (ICU) remains less explored. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Lean Six Sigma in mitigating CRBSI risks among non-ICU hemodialysis patients. Methods: The study was conducted in a nephrology department, focusing on patients undergoing hemodialysis with temporary CVC from February to December 2021. The Lean Six Sigma method, using Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control (DMAIC) methodology, was implemented in 2022 to reduce CRBSI incidence. The 2021 CRBSI rate served as the benchmark, with a goal to reduce it by the end of 2022. Value-stream mapping, Fishbone Diagrams, and Root Cause Analysis identified potential CRBSI causes. After implementing targeted improvements, CRBSI rates before and after the intervention were compared. Results: The Lean Six Sigma method significantly decreased CRBSI incidence from 12.79 to 2.32 per 1,000 catheter-days following the implementation of targeted interventions ( =4.60, P = 0.05). This improvement was observed comparing February-December 2021 with January-December 2022. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the Lean Six Sigma method in non-ICU settings, suggesting broader applicability in hemodialysis patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurons in the cortex are heterogeneous, sending diverse axonal projections to multiple brain regions. Unraveling the logic of these projections requires single-neuron resolution. Although a growing number of techniques have enabled high-throughput reconstruction, these techniques are typically limited to dozens or at most hundreds of neurons per brain, requiring that statistical analyses combine data from different specimens. Here we present axonal BARseq, a high-throughput approach based on reading out nucleic acid barcodes using in situ RNA sequencing, which enables analysis of even densely labeled neurons. As a proof of principle, we have mapped the long-range projections of >8000 primary auditory cortex neurons from a single male mouse. We identified major cell types based on projection targets and axonal trajectory. The large sample size enabled us to systematically quantify the projections of intratelencephalic (IT) neurons, and revealed that individual IT neurons project to different layers in an area-dependent fashion. Axonal BARseq is a powerful technique for studying the heterogeneity of single neuronal projections at high throughput within individual brains. High-throughput mapping of neural projections at the single-cell level remains challenging. Here, the authors have developed axonal BARseq, a new technique that allows for mapping projections from thousands of neurons within a single brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective exploration of the pattern dynamic behaviors of reaction-diffusion models is a popular but difficult topic. The Schnakenberg model is a famous reaction-diffusion system that has been widely used in many fields, such as physics, chemistry, and biology. Herein, we explore the stability, Turing instability, and weakly non-linear analysis of the Schnakenberg model; further, the pattern dynamics of the fractional-in-space Schnakenberg model was simulated numerically based on the Fourier spectral method. The patterns under different parameters, initial conditions, and perturbations are shown, including the target, bar, and dot patterns. It was found that the pattern not only splits and spreads from the bar to spot pattern but also forms a bar pattern from the broken connections of the dot pattern. The effects of the fractional Laplacian operator on the pattern are also shown. In most cases, the diffusion rate of the fractional model was higher than that of the integer model. By comparing with different methods in literature, it was found that the simulated patterns were consistent with the results obtained with other numerical methods in literature, indicating that the Fourier spectral method can be used to effectively explore the dynamic behaviors of the fractional Schnakenberg model. Some novel pattern dynamics behaviors of the fractional-in-space Schnakenberg model are also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Attaining phosphorescent materials with narrowband emission is crucial for advancing wide‐color‐gamut organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). Herein, a rigid modification strategy is introduced for iridium(III) complexes to achieve the narrowband red emission with negligible 0–1 peak. By introducing the rigid indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole (ICz) into the cyclometalated ligand, Ir(III) complexes, ICziq‐Ir and ICzqz‐Ir, exhibit pure red phosphorescence with emission peaks at 608 and 613 nm and full widths at half‐maximum (FWHMs) of 37 and 38 nm (0.12 and 0.13 eV) in toluene, respectively. Furthermore, the specific site modification of ICzqz‐Ir greatly suppresses the high‐frequency vibration of the structure, resulting in the narrowband photoluminescent spectrum close to the Gaussian distribution with superior color purity. The OLEDs utilizing ICziq‐Ir and ICzqz‐Ir demonstrate maximum external quantum efficiencies of 21.4 and 17.8% as well as mild efficiency roll‐off. Remarkably, the electroluminescence spectra exhibit similar narrowband red emission with FWHMs of 37 and 43 nm and CIE coordinates of (0.65, 0.35) and (0.66, 0.34), attesting to the excellent color purity of the phosphorescent OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: HIV-related stigma continues to hinder optimal HIV care, and its determinants should be understood at multiple levels. Based on the social-ecological model, this study aimed to explore factors associated with HIV-related stigma among women living with HIV in Guangdong Province, China. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to August 2022 to recruit newly reported women living with HIV with a history of pregnancy or current pregnancy in 2021 in 21 cities in Guangdong Province. HIV-related stigma was assessed using an abbreviated Chinese version of Berger's HIV Stigma Scale. Univariate and multivariable hierarchical regression analyses based on the social-ecological model were conducted to explore factors associated with HIV-related stigma and its four dimensions (personalized stigma, disclosure concerns, negative self-image and concerns about public attitudes) at the community/hospital, interpersonal, and individual levels. Results: A moderate level of HIV-related stigma was found among the 360 participants included, with a mean score of 45.26. Multivariable hierarchical regression analysis showed that at the community/hospital-level, individuals were more likely to experience high levels of HIV-related stigma if they had experienced the discriminatory behaviors from health care workers (aOR = 2.34, 95%CI: 1.48–3.70) and if they rated serostatus disclosure services as less helpful (aOR = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.48–0.98). At the interpersonal-level, individuals with an HIV-positive partner (aOR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.01–2.90) were more likely to experience high levels of HIV-related stigma than those with an HIV-negative or unknown partner. Individuals with high resilience (aOR = 0.22, 95%CI: 0.13–0.35) had lower levels of HIV-related stigma at the individual-level. In addition, ever experiencing discriminatory behaviors from health care workers, thinking serostatus disclosure services helpful, having ever seen publicity about personal interest protection services and complaint channels for people living with HIV(PLHIV), knowing about care and support services for PLHIV from social organizations at the community/hospital-level, partner notification and support at the interpersonal-level, and violations of personal interests, resilience at the individual-level were also associated with different dimensions of HIV-related stigma. Conclusions: HIV-related stigma was moderate among women living with HIV. The social-ecological model can facilitate a better understanding of factors associated with HIV-related stigma. Multilevel intervention strategies need to be tailored to reduce HIV-related stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A range of imaging modalities have reported Alzheimer's disease-related abnormalities in individuals experiencing subjective cognitive decline (SCD). However, there has been no consistent local abnormality identified across multiple neuroimaging modalities for SCD. Objective: We aimed to investigate the convergent local alterations in amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, glucose metabolism, and resting-state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) metrics in SCD. Methods: Fifty SCD patients (66.4±5.7 years old, 19 men [38%]) and 15 normal controls (NC) (66.3±4.4 years old, 5 men [33.3%]) were scanned with both [18F]-florbetapir PET and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose PET, as well as simultaneous RS-fMRI from February 2018 to November 2018. Voxel-wise metrics were retrospectively analyzed, including Aβ deposition, glucose metabolism, amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), and degree centrality(DC). Results: The SCD group showed increased Aβ deposition and glucose metabolism (p < 0.05, corrected), as well as decreased ALFF, ReHo, and DC (p < 0.05, uncorrected) in the left dorsal precuneus (dPCu). Furthermore, the dPCu illustrated negative resting-state functional connectivity with the default mode network. Regarding global Aβ deposition positivity, the Aβ deposition in the left dPCu showed a gradient change, i.e., Aβ positive SCD > Aβ negative SCD > Aβ negative NC. Additionally, both Aβ positive SCD and Aβ negative SCD showed increased glucose metabolism and decreased RS-fMRI metrics in the dPCu. Conclusions: The dorsal precuneus, an area implicated in early AD, shows convergent neuroimaging alterations in SCD, and might be more related to other cognitive functions (e.g., unfocused attention) than episodic memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bacteriophage has been renewed attention as a new antibacterial agent due to the limitations of antibiotic treatment. Bacteriophages are generally thought to be highly host specific and even strain specific, but a small number of polyvalent bacteriophages have been found to infect bacteria of different genera. Results: In this study, a virulent lytic bacteriophage (named Salmonella phage PSH-1) of Salmonella Enteritidis was isolated from the sewage samples of a large-scale pig farm, PSH-1 demonstrated lytic activity against four multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enteritidis isolates and Escherichia coli, and then its biological characteristics, genome and bacteriostatic ability were investigated. The results showed that the initial titer of PSH-1 was 1.15 × 1010 PFU/mL and the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was 0.01, PSH-1 has stable activity in the range of pH 3.0–11.0. One-step growth curve showed that its latent period was 20 min, burst time was 80 min, and the burst was 495 particles. The whole-genome sequencing results revealed phage PSH-1 had a linear dsDNA with 48,466 bp length. The G/C content was 45.33%. Non-coding RNA genes and virulence factors were not found. Eighty- five open reading frames (ORFs) were identified after online annotation. By tests, the use of phage could succeed in controlling the artificial Salmonella contamination in milk at a range of temperatures. Conclusions: This study reports a novel Salmonella Enteritidis phage PSH-1, which has a robust lytic ability, no virulence factors, and good stability. The characterization and genomic analysis of PSH-1 will develop our understanding of phage biology and diversity and provide a potential arsenal for controlling of salmonellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, soft tissue materials have been applied as forehead fillers. Some filling materials need to be removed or refilled in a timely manner in certain situations; therefore, it is important to develop a method to identify the location and type of filling materials. This study summarizes the imaging findings of different filling materials under high-frequency ultrasound, providing a reference for clinical treatment. Methods: We screened facial ultrasound images performed at the Plastic Surgery Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from April 2015 to July 2023 and classified and summarized the types of frontal filling materials and their imaging results. Results: This study included ultrasound imaging results from 114 patients, including 39 with hyaluronic acid (HA) filling, 45 with polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAG) filling, 14 who received autologous fat transplantation, 2 who received prosthesis implantation, 2 who received both HA and PAG filling, and 12 who received silicone oil filling. HA mainly manifests as an anechoic zone on ultrasonography, with images divisible into four types. PAG primarily presents as fine punctate echoes, divisible into five types. Fat transplantation presents as a low-echo area with uneven density, divisible into five types. Finally, the silicone oil-filling material appears as a cloud-like high echo on the forehead, visible throughout the entire skin layer, and unclear imaging in deep tissues. Conclusion: High-frequency ultrasound is a safe and reliable method to evaluate the type and position of forehead filling materials, which can be easily applied in clinical practice. Level of Evidence IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium salt-doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for high-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but unfortunately facing awkward instability for commercialization arising from the intrinsic Li+ migration and hygroscopicity. We herein demonstrate a superoxide radicals (•O2−) derived HTL of metal-free spiro-OMeTAD with remarkable capability of avoiding the conventional tedious oxidation treatment in air for highly stable PSCs. Present work explores the employing of variant-valence Eu(TFSI)2 salts that could generate •O2− for facile and adequate pre-oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in the HTL with dramatically increased conductivity and work function. Comparing to devices adopting HTL with LiTFSI doping, the •O2−-derived spiro-OMeTAD increases the PSCs efficiency up to 25.45% and 20.76% for 0.05 cm2 active area and 6 × 6 cm2 module, respectively. State-of-art PSCs employing such metal-free HTLs are also demonstrated to show much-improved environmental stability even under harsh conditions, e.g., maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point and after 80 light-thermal cycles under simulated low earth orbit conditions, respectively, indicating the potentials of developing metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for low-cost and shortened processing of perovskite photovoltaics. The migration and hygroscopicity of lithium salt in doped spiro-OMeTAD hampers the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ Eu(TFSI)2 salts to generate superoxide radical for facile pre-oxidation, achieving enhanced efficiency and stability of solar cells and modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Osimertinib, a third-generation EGFR-TKI, is known for its high efficacy against brain metastases (BM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) due to its ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. This study aims to evaluate the use of brain MRI radiomics in predicting the intracranial efficacy to osimertinib in NSCLC patients with BM. Materials and Methods: This study analyzed 115 brain metastases from NSCLC patients with the EGFR-T790M mutation treated with second-line osimertinib. The primary endpoint was intracranial response, and the secondary endpoint was intracranial progression-free survival (iPFS). We performed tumor delineation, image preprocessing, and radiomics feature extraction. Using a 5-fold crossvalidation strategy, we built radiomic models with eight feature selectors and eight machine learning classifiers. The models' performance was evaluated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis. Results: The dataset of 115 brain metastases was divided into training and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The radiomic model utilizing the mRMR feature selector and stepwise logistic regression classifier showed the highest predictive accuracy, with AUCs of 0.879 for the training cohort and 0.786 for the validation cohort. This model outperformed a clinical-MRI morphological model, which included age, ring enhancement, and peritumoral edema (AUC: 0.794 for the training cohort and 0.697 for the validation cohort). The radiomic model also showed strong performance in calibration and decision curve analyses. Using a radiomic-score threshold of 199, patients were classified into two groups with significantly different median iPFS (3.0 months vs. 15.4 months, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that MRI radiomics can effectively predict the intracranial efficacy of osimertinib in NSCLC patients with brain metastases. This approach holds promise for assisting clinicians in personalizing treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium salt-doped spiro-OMeTAD is widely used as a hole-transport layer (HTL) for high-efficiency n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but unfortunately facing awkward instability for commercialization arising from the intrinsic Li+ migration and hygroscopicity. We herein demonstrate a superoxide radicals (•O2−) derived HTL of metal-free spiro-OMeTAD with remarkable capability of avoiding the conventional tedious oxidation treatment in air for highly stable PSCs. Present work explores the employing of variant-valence Eu(TFSI)2 salts that could generate •O2− for facile and adequate pre-oxidation of spiro-OMeTAD, resulting in the HTL with dramatically increased conductivity and work function. Comparing to devices adopting HTL with LiTFSI doping, the •O2−-derived spiro-OMeTAD increases the PSCs efficiency up to 25.45% and 20.76% for 0.05 cm2 active area and 6 × 6 cm2 module, respectively. State-of-art PSCs employing such metal-free HTLs are also demonstrated to show much-improved environmental stability even under harsh conditions, e.g., maintaining over 90% of their initial efficiency after 1000 h of operation at the maximum power point and after 80 light-thermal cycles under simulated low earth orbit conditions, respectively, indicating the potentials of developing metal-free spiro-OMeTAD for low-cost and shortened processing of perovskite photovoltaics. The migration and hygroscopicity of lithium salt in doped spiro-OMeTAD hampers the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Here, the authors employ Eu(TFSI)2 salts to generate superoxide radical for facile pre-oxidation, achieving enhanced efficiency and stability of solar cells and modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs), encompassing Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohn's Disease (CD), are chronic, recurrent inflammatory conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. The microRNA (miRNA) -mRNA regulatory network is pivotal in the initiation and progression of IBDs. Although individual studies provide valuable insights into miRNA mechanisms in IBDs, they often have limited scope due to constraints in population diversity, sample size, sequencing platform variability, batch effects, and potential researcher bias. Our study aimed to construct comprehensive miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks and determine the cellular sources and functions of key miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis. Methods: To minimize potential bias from individual studies, we utilized a text mining-based approach on published scientific literature from PubMed and PMC databases to identify miRNAs and mRNAs associated with IBDs and their subtypes. We constructed miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks by integrating both predicted and experimentally validated results from DIANA, Targetscan, PicTar, Miranda, miRDB, and miRTarBase (all of which are databases for miRNA target annotation). The functions of miRNAs were determined through gene enrichment analysis of their target mRNAs. Additionally, we used two large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing datasets to identify the cellular sources of miRNAs and the association of their expression levels with clinical status, molecular and functional alternation in CD and UC. Results: Our analysis systematically summarized IBD-related genes using textmining methodologies. We constructed three comprehensive miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks specific to IBD, CD, and UC. Through cross-analysis with two large-scale scRNA-seq datasets, we determined the cellular sources of the identified miRNAs. Despite originating from different cell types, hsa-miR-142, hsa-miR-145, and hsa-miR-146a were common to both CD and UC. Notably, hsa-miR-145 was identified as myofibroblast-specific in both CD and UC. Furthermore, we found that higher tissue repair and enhanced glucose and lipid metabolism were associated with hsa-miR-145 in myofibroblasts in both CD and UC contexts. Conclusion: This comprehensive approach revealed common and distinct miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in CD and UC, identified cell-specific miRNA expressions (notably hsa-miR-145 in myofibroblasts), and linked miRNA expression to functional alterations in IBD. These findings not only enhance our understanding of IBD pathogenesis but also offer promising diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for clinical practice in managing IBDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alpha-synuclein oligomers (o-α-syn) are pivotal in the pathogenesis of α-synucleinopathy. Isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) serves as an early indicator of the disease, offering insights into disease mechanisms and early intervention. Nevertheless, the diagnostic and predictive potential of o-α-syn in iRBD remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the plasma levels of o-α-syn in patients and investigate their utility as biomarkers for diagnosis of and predicting phenoconversion in iRBD. Methods: A total of 143 participants, including 77 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients and 66 normal controls (NC), were recruited for this longitudinal observational study. Baseline clinical assessments and plasma collection were conducted for all iRBD patients, with 72 of them undergoing regularly prospective follow-up assessments for parkinsonism or dementia. Plasma levels of o-α-syn were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and were compared between groups using a general linear model adjusted for age and sex. The diagnostic performance of plasma o-α-syn in iRBD was evaluated by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with 95% CI. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed to assess the predictive value of plasma o-α-syn for phenoconversion in iRBD. Results: Plasma o-α-syn levels did not exhibit statistically significant differences among iRBD converter patients, iRBD nonconverter patients, and NC. The AUC for distinguishing NC from iRBD was 0.52 (95% CI: 0.42-0.62, p = 0.682). Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between plasma o-α-syn levels and MOCA scores in the iRBD group (p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses indicated that iRBD patients with cognitive decline (p = 0.058) and depressive symptoms (p = 0.017) had notably lower o-α-syn levels compared to those without such symptoms. Over a median follow-up period of 5.83 years, 26 iRBD patients developed neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival curve analyses indicated that plasma level of o-α-syn lacked a predictive value for disease conversion in iRBD patients. Conclusion: Despite a potential role in the pathophysiology of iRBD, o-α-syn are not appropriate biomarkers for diagnosing or predicting disease progression. While this study offers insights into the pathogenesis of iRBD and neurodegenerative synucleinopathies, further large-scale longitudinal studies are warranted to validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several urinary biomarkers have good diagnostic value for diabetic kidney disease (DKD); however, the predictive value is limited with the use of single biomarkers. We investigated the clinical value of Luminex liquid suspension chip detection of several urinary biomarkers simultaneously. Methods: The study included 737 patients: 585 with diabetes mellitus (DM) and 152 with DKD. Propensity score matching (PSM) of demographic and medical characteristics identified a subset of 78 patients (DM = 39, DKD = 39). Two Luminex liquid suspension chips were used to detect 11 urinary biomarkers according to their molecular weight and concentration. The biomarkers, including cystatin C (CysC), nephrin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), retinol-binding protein4 (RBP4), α1-microglobulin (α1-MG),β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), vitamin D binding protein (VDBP), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1), tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 (TNFR-1), and tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (TNFR-2) were compared in the DM and DKD groups. The diagnostic values of single biomarkers and various biomarker combinations for early diagnosis of DKD were assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Urinary levels of VDBP, RBP4, and KIM-1 were markedly higher in the DKD group than in the DM group (p < 0.05), whereas the TIMP-1, TNFR-1, TNFR-2, α1-MG, β2-MG, CysC, nephrin, and EGF levels were not significantly different between the groups. RBP4, KIM-1, TNFR-2, and VDBP reached p < 0.01 in univariate analysis and were entered into the final analysis. VDBP had the highest AUC (0.780, p < 0.01), followed by RBP4 (0.711, p < 0.01), KIM-1 (0.640, p = 0.044), and TNFR-2 (0.615, p = 0.081). However, a combination of these four urinary biomarkers had the highest AUC (0.812), with a sensitivity of 0.742 and a specificity of 0.760. Conclusions: The urinary levels of VDBP, RBP4, KIM-1, and TNFR-2 can be detected simultaneously using Luminex liquid suspension chip technology. The combination of these biomarkers, which reflect different mechanisms of kidney damage, had the highest diagnostic value for DKD. However, this finding should be explored further to understand the synergistic effects of these biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intraoral scans (IOS) provide precise 3D data of dental crowns and gingival structures. This paper explores an application of IOS in human identification. Methods: We propose a dental biometrics framework for human identification using 3D dental point clouds based on machine learning-related algorithms, encompassing three stages: data preprocessing, feature extraction, and registration-based identification. In the data preprocessing stage, we use the curvature principle to extract distinguishable tooth crown contours from the original point clouds as the holistic feature identification samples. Based on these samples, we construct four types of local feature identification samples to evaluate identification performance with severe teeth loss. In the feature extraction stage, we conduct voxel downsampling, then extract the geometric and structural features of the point cloud. In the registration-based identification stage, we construct a coarse-to-fine registration scheme in order to realize the identification task. Results: Experimental results on a dataset of 160 individuals demonstrate that our method achieves a Rank-1 recognition rate of 100% using complete tooth crown contours samples. Utilizing the remaining four types of local feature samples yields a Rank-1 recognition rate exceeding 96.05%. Conclusions: The proposed framework proves effective for human identification, maintaining high identification performance even in extreme cases of partial tooth loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In alkali metal‐doped optical temperature measurement materials, the influence of the electronegativity difference of alkali metal ions on optical temperature measurement performance is rarely reported. This study investigates and analyzes the performance of optical temperature measurement of Na0.5Gd0.5TiO3: Yb, Er doped with Li+ and K+ ions, utilizing the Judd‐Ofelt theory and the first‐principles method. The results reveal that the sensitivities increase with the increase of atomic number of doped alkali metal ions. The reason is that a difference in ionic radius between the dopant and the replaced ion decreases the symmetry of the crystal field and increases the value of Ω2. The doping K+ with low electronegativity leads to an increase in the s orbital electron density of rare earth ions, thereby repelling the d orbital electrons, reducing the d electron density, and decreasing the value of Ω6. Based on the Judd‐Ofelt theory, a combination of a large Ω2 and a small Ω6 is expected to enhance the absolute sensitivity of optical temperature‐measuring materials doped with rare earth ions. Therefore, it can be concluded that doping an ion with low electronegativity and a significant radius difference from the substitution site is beneficial for enhancing the optical temperature sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation is a crucial factor in the pathological advancement of PD. PD is characterized by the presence of activated microglia and increased levels of proinflammatory factors, which play a crucial role in its pathology. During the immune response of PD, microglia regulation is significantly influenced by microRNA (miRNA). The excessive activation of microglia, persistent neuroinflammation, and abnormal polarization of macrophages in the brain can be attributed to the dysregulation of certain miRNAs. Additionally, there are miRNAs that possess the ability to inhibit neuroinflammation. miRNAs, which are small non-coding epigenetic regulators, have the ability to modulate microglial activity in both normal and abnormal conditions. They also have a significant impact on promoting communication between neurons and microglia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent decades, the Loess Plateau is one of the regions in China that urgently needs ecological governance due to the severe situation of soil erosion and land desertification. Due to the impact of climate change and human activities, the threat to the ecological space security of the Loess Plateau has intensified. This paper reveals the time lag effect of ecological engineering construction on the changes in the ecosystem service capacity index of the Loess Plateau, providing a scientific basis and decision-making reference for the sustainable development of the study area and improving the quality and management of ecological engineering construction, which is of great significance for building a solid ecological security barrier on the Loess Plateau. Methods: Based on the hierarchical analysis method, quantitative indicator method, spatial correlation analysis method and two-way fixed effect model, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of the ecosystem service capacity index of the Loess Plateau under the background of ecological engineering implementation. Results: The results showed that: 1) the vegetation coverage of the Loess Plateau increased with the increase of the area of ecological engineering construction, and showed a fluctuating growth distribution characteristic from southeast to northwest in space; 2) the water conservation capacity index, wind and sand fixation capacity index, biodiversity capacity index and comprehensive service capacity index of the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020 all showed exponential growth, which were highly coupled with the growth and change of vegetation coverage area in time and space; 3) the cold spots and hot spots of the ecosystem service capacity index of the Loess Plateau showed a step-by-step decrease of "hot in the south and cold in the north" in spatial distribution; the hot spots and sub-hot spots showed a reciprocating cycle from aggregation to fragmentation in time and space; the cold spots and sub-cold spots were mainly distributed in the northwest region. 4) The changes in the ecosystem service capacity index of the Loess Plateau were mainly affected by factors such as the cumulative project implementation area, urbanization rate and precipitation. Conclusion: The construction of ecological engineering on the Loess Plateau has achieved remarkable results. The growth of vegetation coverage area and ecosystem service capacity index on the Loess Plateau from 2000 to 2020 has promoted the recovery of ecosystem functions. Therefore, we should actively promote the construction of ecological projects to provide scientific decisionmaking references for solving regional ecological security issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials hold promise for circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) and 3D displays. Herein, we present two pairs of tetraborated intrinsically axial CP‐MR‐TADF materials, R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH, with conjugation‐extended bidibenzo[b,d]furan and bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene as chiral sources, which effectively participate in the distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals. Due to the heavy‐atom effect, sulfur atoms are introduced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process and increase the efficiency of molecules. R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH manifest ultra‐pure blue emission with a maximum at 458/459 nm with a full width at half maximum of 27 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of 90 %/91 %, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 6.8×10−4/8.5×10−4, respectively. Correspondingly, the CP‐OLEDs exhibit good performances with an external quantum efficiency of 30.1 % and |gEL| factors of 1.2×10−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (CP‐MR‐TADF) materials hold promise for circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) and 3D displays. Herein, we present two pairs of tetraborated intrinsically axial CP‐MR‐TADF materials, R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH, with conjugation‐extended bidibenzo[b,d]furan and bidibenzo[b,d]thiophene as chiral sources, which effectively participate in the distribution of the frontier molecular orbitals. Due to the heavy‐atom effect, sulfur atoms are introduced to accelerate the reverse intersystem crossing process and increase the efficiency of molecules. R/S‐BDBF‐BOH and R/S‐BDBT‐BOH manifest ultra‐pure blue emission with a maximum at 458/459 nm with a full width at half maximum of 27 nm, photoluminescence quantum yields of 90 %/91 %, and dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) of 6.8×10−4/8.5×10−4, respectively. Correspondingly, the CP‐OLEDs exhibit good performances with an external quantum efficiency of 30.1 % and |gEL| factors of 1.2×10−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chiral materials and circularly polarized organic light‐emitting diodes (CP‐OLEDs) have potential applications in 3D display due to the generation of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). However, achieving a combination of chirality, high efficiency, and narrowband emission for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials has proven to be a challenging endeavor, often involving complicated synthesis and chiral separation processes. In this study, a simple design approach is introduced by direct connection of the multiple resonance (MR) skeleton and chiral (R/S)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl units, obtaining two pairs of chiral MR‐TADF enantiomers (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN without chiral resolution. These enantiomers exhibit blue‐green emissions with photoluminescence quantum efficiencies of up to 98% in doped films and full‐width at half‐maximum of 22 nm both in toluene and in the device. Furthermore, (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN display symmetric CPL spectra with dissymmetry factors (gPL) of + 3.86(± 0.317) × 10−4/‐3.37(± 0.317) × 10−4 and + 7.09(± 0.233) × 10−4/‐7.74(± 0.233) × 10−4, respectively. The CP‐OLEDs based on (R/S)‐DtCzB‐OBN and (R/S)‐DtCzB‐BN exhibit impressive maximum external quantum efficiencies of 30.0% and 33.9%, as well as gEL factors of +3.40(± 0.362) × 10−4/‐3.11(± 0.362) × 10−4 and + 7.99(± 0.391) × 10−4/‐8.19(± 0.391) × 10−4, respectively. This research proposes a strategy for directly constructing chiral MR‐TADF materials for high‐performance CP‐OLEDs, avoiding complicated chiral separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver fibrosis can cause hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Menstrual blood‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MenSCs) can ameliorate liver fibrosis through paracrine. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) may be used to explore the roadmap of activated hepatic stellate cell (aHSC) inactivation to target liver fibrosis. This study established HBV transgenic (HBV‐Tg) mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced liver fibrosis and demonstrated that MenSCs migrated to the injured liver to improve serological indices and reduce fibrotic accumulation. RNA‐bulk analysis revealed that MenSCs mediated extracellular matrix accumulation and cell adhesion. Liver parenchymal cells and nonparenchymal cells were identified by scRNA‐seq in the control, CCl4, and MenSC groups, revealing the heterogeneity of fibroblasts/HSCs. A CellChat analysis revealed that diminished intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) signaling is vital for MenSC therapy. Specifically, Icam1 in aHSCs acted on Itgal/Itgb2 and Itgam/Itgb2 in neutrophils, causing decreased adhesion. The expression of Itgal, Itgam, and Itgb2 was higher in CCl4 group than in the control group and decreased after MenSC therapy in neutrophil clusters. The Lcn2, Pglyrp1, Wfdc21, and Mmp8 had high expression and may be potential targets in neutrophils. This study highlights interacting cells, corresponding molecules, and underlying targets for MenSCs in treating HBV‐associated liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High voltage AC/DC cables require thicker insulation to ensure excellent insulation performance. Selecting the appropriate crosslinker to design the crosslink and crystalline structure of XLPE is key to the insulating properties. Although the crystallinity of XLPE has been extensively studied by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeters, few researchers have designed in situ experiments to observe its structure. In this paper, we have created an in situ observational experiment to monitor the structural changes of XLPE insulation. XLPE formed by DTAP crosslinker produces lower gas byproducts, which can effectively reduce the degassing time and energy consumption. The test results and COMSOL simulations indicate that the XLPE formed by straight-chain alkane crosslinkers has better mechanical, thermal and electrical insulating properties than cyclic alkane crosslinkers. Our work is of great significance for selecting suitable crosslinker to control the structure of XLPE and determining the production conditions for high-voltage cables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The modification of N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) plays a pivotal role in tumor by altering both innate and adaptive immune systems through various pathways, including the regulation of messenger RNA. The YTH domain protein family, acting as "readers" of m6A modifications, affects RNA splicing, stability, and immunogenicity, thereby playing essential roles in immune regulation and antitumor immunity. Despite their significance, the impact of the YTH domain protein family on tumor initiation and progression, as well as their involvement in tumor immune regulation and therapy, remains underexplored and lacks comprehensive review. Conclusion: This review introduces the molecular characteristics of the YTH domain protein family and their physiological and pathological roles in biological behavior, emphasizing their mechanisms in regulating immune responses and antitumor immunity. Additionally, the review discusses the roles of the YTH domain protein family in immune‐related diseases and tumor resistance, highlighting that abnormal expression or dysfunction of YTH proteins is closely linked to tumor resistance. Key points: This review provides an in‐depth understanding of the YTH domain protein family in immune regulation and antitumor immunity, suggesting new strategies and directions for immunotherapy of related diseases.These insights not only deepen our comprehension of m6A modifications and YTH protein functions but also pave the way for future research and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) refers to structural and functional abnormalities of the microcirculation that impair myocardial perfusion. CMD plays a pivotal role in numerous cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries, heart failure, and acute coronary syndromes. This review summarizes recent advances in CMD pathophysiology, assessment, and treatment strategies, as well as ongoing challenges and future research directions. Signaling pathways implicated in CMD pathogenesis include adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/Krüppel-like factor 2/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (AMPK/KLF2/eNOS), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element (Nrf2/ARE), Angiotensin II (Ang II), endothelin-1 (ET-1), RhoA/Rho kinase, and insulin signaling. Dysregulation of these pathways leads to endothelial dysfunction, the hallmark of CMD. Treatment strategies aim to reduce myocardial oxygen demand, improve microcirculatory function, and restore endothelial homeostasis through mechanisms including vasodilation, anti-inflammation, and antioxidant effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds exhibit therapeutic potential through multi-targeted actions. Small molecules and regenerative approaches offer precision therapies. However, challenges remain in translating findings to clinical practice and developing effective pharmacotherapies. Integration of engineering with medicine through microfabrication, tissue engineering and AI presents opportunities to advance the diagnosis, prediction, and treatment of CMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotic beads can be used to treat surgical infections. In this study, polylactide–polyglycolide (PLGA) was mixed with vancomycin, the osteogenic enhancer lithium chloride (LiCl), and hot compression to form PLGA-vancomycin-LiCl delivery beads to treat bone infection. An elution method was used to characterize in vitro release characteristics of vancomycin and Li over a 42-day period. The release profiles lasted for more than 42 days for vancomycin and 28 days for Li. The concentration of vancomycin in each sample was well above the breakpoint sensitivity. Lithium cotreatment enhanced the bactericidal effect of vancomycin. Released Li and vancomycin increased the mRNA or protein expressions of osteogenic markers of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In vivo, the PLGA delivery systems were implanted into the distal femoral cavities of rabbits, and the cavity fluid content was aspirated and analyzed at each time point. The released Li and vancomycin lasted more than 6 weeks, and the vancomycin concentrations were much greater than the breakpoint sensitivity. Four rabbits in each group were sacrificed at 8 weeks for histological observation. More mature bone tissue was observed in the Li treatment group. This study provides a PLGA drug delivery system to meet the requirements of patients with bone infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel CCOF core–shell composite material (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2 was prepared via asymmetric catalytic and in situ growth strategy. The prepared (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2 was utilized as separation medium for HPLC enantioseparation using normal-phase and reversed-phase chromatographic modes, which displays excellent chiral separation performance for alcohols, esters, ketones, and epoxides, etc. Compared with chiral commercial chromatographic columns (Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H columns) and some previously reported chiral CCOF@SiO2 (CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 and MDI-β-CD-modified COF@SiO2)-packed columns, there are 4, 3, 13, and 15 tested racemic compounds that could not be resolved on the Chiralpak AD-H column, Chiralcel OD-H column, CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 column, and MDI-β-CD-modified COF@SiO2 column, respectively, which indicates that the resolution effect of (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2-packed column can be complementary to the other ones. The effects of the analyte mass, column temperature, and mobile phase composition on the enantiomeric separation were investigated. The chiral column exhibits good reproducibility after multiple consecutive injections. The RSDs (n = 5) of the peak area and retention time were less than 1.5% for repetitive separation of 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol and 1-phenyl-1-pentanol. The chiral core–shell composite (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2 exhibited good enantiomeric separation performance, which not only demonstrates its potential as a novel CSP material in HPLC but also expands the range of applications for chiral COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remembering what just happened is a crucial prerequisite to form long‐term memories but also for establishing and maintaining working memory. So far there is no general agreement about cortical mechanisms that support short‐term memory. Using a classifier‐based decoding approach, we report that hippocampal activity during few sparsely distributed brief time intervals contains information about the previous sensory motor experience of rodents. These intervals are characterized by only a small increase of firing rate of only a few neurons. These low‐rate predictive patterns are present in both working memory and non‐working memory tasks, in two rodent species, rats and Mongolian gerbils, are strongly reduced for rats with medial entorhinal cortex lesions, and depend on the familiarity of the sensory‐motor context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Further clinical validation is required to determine whether transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) can replace opioids and be used in combination with remimazolam for sedation during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods: A total of 108 outpatients who underwent diagnostic gastrointestinal endoscopy were randomly divided into three groups: fentanyl plus remimazolam group (group C), TEAS plus remimazolam group (group E), and placebo-TEAS plus remimazolam group (group P). The assessments of patient satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and pain scale score during the examination constituted the primary endpoints of the study. The secondary endpoints were the time of recovery, recovery of normal behavioral function and discharge, incidence of adverse reactions, and dose of remimazolam. Results: Compared with group C, group E had a greater median score for patient satisfaction at follow-up and a slightly lower median score for physician satisfaction. The pain score of group E was slightly greater than that of group C, but the difference was not significant. However, in group C, the incidence of hypoxemia, the rate of nausea and the severity of vertigo were greater, and the number of patients discharged and resuming normal behavioral function was greater than those in the other two groups. The dose of remimazolam in group C and group E was less than that in group P. Conclusions: TEAS combined with moderate sedation of remimazolam can provide an ideal sedative effect, which preferably suppresses discomfort caused by gastrointestinal endoscopy and has fewer sedation-related complications. Trial Registration: ID: NCT05485064; First registration (29/07/2022); Last registration (02/11/2022) (Clinical Trials.gov). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the detection of the cfr gene in Citrobacter braakii and the characterization of two cfr-carrying plasmids from a chicken farm in Jiangxi, China. The cfr gene is a multidrug resistance gene that has spread globally in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The study identified three cfr-positive strains, including one C. braakii and two E. coli strains, and found that the cfr gene was located on different plasmids in these strains. The article highlights the widespread distribution and rapid dissemination of cfr in animal-derived bacteria and emphasizes the need for monitoring and control of cfr plasmids. [Extracted from the article]

In this article, chiral covalent organic framework core‐shell composite CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 was facilely synthesized by induction at room temperature. The CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite was used as a chiral stationary phase for the separation of the racemates by high‐performance liquid chromatography, which exhibits good separation performance for chiral compounds including ketones, alcohols, esters, epoxides, carboxylic acids, amides, and amines. The effects of analyte injection mass on the enantioseparation were studied. The reproducibility and stability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column were explored. The intra‐day (n = 5), inter‐day (n = 5), and inter‐column (n = 3) relative standard deviations for the migration times and resolution of benzoin were 0.32%–0.54%, 0.45%–0.61%, and 1.21%–1.53%, respectively. In addition, the chiral separation ability of the CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 chiral column (column A) was compared with that of the MDI‐β‐CD‐Modified COF@SiO2 (column B) as well as a commercial chiral column (Chiralpak AD‐H). The chiral recognition ability of column A is complementary to that of column B and AD‐H column. The resolution mechanism of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 stationary phase towards chiral analyte was explored. Hence, the synthesis of CCOF‐TpPa‐Py@SiO2 core‐shell composite by induction at room temperature as chiral stationary phases for chromatographic separation has important research potential and application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To understand the compliance, influencing factors, and action path of family cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescriptions for children after congenital heart disease surgery. Methods and results A random sampling method was used to select 200 paediatric patients and their parents from a paediatric hospital in Shanghai. Among them, 57 cases (28.5%) of children's families followed the cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescription. Path analysis showed that peak oxygen uptake exerted a negative impact on the compliance of family cardiac-rehabilitation prescriptions for patients after congenital heart disease surgery through doctor–patient trust, with a standardized path coefficient of −0.246 (P = 0.001). Disease-related knowledge exerted a positive effect on the compliance of family cardiac-rehabilitation prescriptions for children after congenital heart surgery through doctor–patient trust, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.353 (P < 0.001). The dimension of friend support in social support had a direct positive effect on the compliance of family cardiac-rehabilitation prescriptions for children after cardiac surgery, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.641 (P = 0.006). Conclusion The compliance of cardiac rehabilitation exercise prescription in children with congenital heart disease is not good and is affected by many factors, and there is a complex path relationship between various factors; the kilogram oxygen consumption of the child, the disease-related knowledge of the caregiver, and social support all play important roles in the compliance of the child's family's health prescription. Registration ChiCTR2200062022 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation is a promising strategy for osteoporosis treatment. However, limited sources and poor tissue-homing efficiency limit their clinical capabilities. In this study, we isolated a kind of MSCs from women's menstrual blood (MenSCs) noninvasively and established a novel MSCs bone marrow-targeted delivery system by utilizing water-in-oil-in-water droplet microfluidics. MenSCs were encapsulated within β-cyclodextrin-functionalized alginate microcapsules loaded with zoledronates, which has a high affinity for bone. With this delivery system, MenSCs could be preferentially delivered to the bone marrow tissues via intravenous infusion, and restored bone mass by remodeling the bone marrow niche in situ in ovariectomized mouse models. Moreover, scRNA-seq analysis demonstrated that those MenSCs homed to the bone marrow recruited CD4+FOXP3+ natural regulatory T (nTreg) cells by secreting CCL28. The recruited nTreg promoted CD8+ T cells to secret Wnt family member 10B (WNT10B), activating the Wnt signaling in osteoblasts and thus promoting bone formation in situ in the bone marrow. This study reveals a promising application of MenSCs in postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment and highlights the clinical value of MenSCs by encouraging women to reserve autologous MenSCs before menopause to prevent and alleviate postmenopausal osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]