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ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients are best treated with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while coronary microvascular dysfunction and obstruction (CMVO) are indicated by the absence or slowing of antegrade epicardial flow on angiography, resulting in suboptimal myocardial perfusion despite the lack of mechanical vascular obstruction. CMVO occurs in up to half of patients who undergo PCI for the first time and is associated with poor outcomes. This review summarizes the complex mechanisms leading to CMVO and elaborates on the changes observed at the organism, tissue, organ, cellular, and molecular levels. It also describes the current diagnostic methods and comprehensive treatment methods for CMVO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To describe the pattern of MRI changes in the pregeniculate visual pathway in Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Method This retrospective observational study enrolled 60 patients with LHON between January 2015 and December 2021. The abnormal MRI features seen in the pregeniculate visual pathway were investigated, and then correlated with the causative mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation, the distribution of the MRI lesions and the duration of vision loss. Result The cohort included 48 (80%) males and 53 (88%) had bilateral vision loss. The median age of onset was 17.0 years (range 4.0-58.0). 28 (47%) patients had the m.11778G>A mutation. 34 (57%) patients had T2 hyperintensity (HS) in the pregeniculate visual pathway and 13 (22%) patients with chiasmal enlargement. 20 patients (71%) carrying the m.11778G>A mutation had T2 HS, significantly more than the 14 patients (44%) with T2 HS in the other LHON mutation groups (p=0.039). Furthermore, significantly more patients in the m.11778G>A group (16 patients (57%)) had T2 HS in optic chiasm (OCh)/optic tract (OTr) than the other LHON mutation groups (7 patients (22%), p=0.005). Optic chiasmal enlargement was more common in patients with vision loss duration <3 months compared with those =3 months (p=0.028). Conclusion T2 HS in the pregeniculate visual pathway is a frequent finding in LHON. Signal changes in the OCh/OTr and chiasmal enlargement, in particular within the first 3 months of visual loss, were more commonly seen in patients carrying the m.11778G>A mtDNA mutation, which may be of diagnostic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Macrophages or T-lymphocytes triggered inflammation and, consequently, activated glial cells may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ), while omega(n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can attenuate some SZ symptoms through anti-inflammatory eects. However, the correlations between macrophage/Tlymphocyte-produced cytokines and glia phenotypes, between inflammatory status and PUFAs composition, between cytokines and neurotransmitter function, and between n-3 PUFAs and neurotransmitter abnormality in SZ are unclear. Methods: Changes in T-helper (h) patterns, peripheral macrophage/glial markers, PUFAs profile, membrane fluidity, and neurotransmitter functions were evaluated in SZ patients (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 30) using ELISA, gas chromatography, fluorescence anisotropy techniques, and HPLC, respectively. Results: Compared to the control, blood lymphocyte proliferation, the concentration of macrophage/microglia phenotype M1 markers, including cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α (Th1) and IL-6 (Th2), and astrocyte phenotype A1 marker S100β was significantly increased, while IL-17 and n-3 PUFAs contents, n-3/n-6 ratio, and membrane fluidity (FLU) were significantly decreased in SZ. Moreover, increased DA and HVA, decreased 5-HT and NE, and their metabolites appeared in SZ. Moreover, negative correlations between IL-6 and A2 marker Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) or n-3 PUFAs EPA and between IL-1β and FLU or 5HIAA, while positive correlations between EPA and 5-HIAA and between FLU and DHA were found in SZ. Discussion: These findings showed (1) no clear Th pattern, but pro-inflammatorydominant immunity occurred; (2) the pro-inflammatory pattern may result in the activated microglia M1 and astrocyte A1 phenotype; and (3) increased proinflammatory cytokines were related to decreased n-3 PUFA and decreased membrane fluidity and dysfunctional neurotransmitter systems in SZ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cells are constantly exposed to various mechanical environments; therefore, it is important that they are able to sense and adapt to changes. It is known that the cytoskeleton plays a critical role in mediating and generating extra- and intracellular forces and that mitochondrial dynamics are crucial for maintaining energy homeostasis. Nevertheless, the mechanisms by which cells integrate mechanosensing, mechanotransduction, and metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood. In this review, we first discuss the interaction between mitochondrial dynamics and cytoskeletal components, followed by the annotation of membranous organelles intimately related to mitochondrial dynamic events. Finally, we discuss the evidence supporting the participation of mitochondria in mechanotransduction and corresponding alterations in cellular energy conditions. Notable advances in bioenergetics and biomechanics suggest that the mechanotransduction system composed of mitochondria, the cytoskeletal system, and membranous organelles is regulated through mitochondrial dynamics, which may be a promising target for further investigation and precision therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioaugmentation of native grass ensiling with Lactobacillus plantarum or Lactobacillus buchneri or Pediococcus pentosaceus on the ensiling performance and bacterial community was investigated after 30 days of the fermentation process. The native grass was inoculated with distilled water, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus buchneri, and Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Pediococcus pentosaceus as the CON treatment, T1 treatment, T2 treatment, and T3 treatment, respectively. The addition of lactic acid bacteria was added at a total of 1 × 106 colony-forming unit/g of fresh weight. As expected, the markedly (p < 0.05) lower water-soluble carbohydrate content was tested in the T2 and T3 treatments compared to the CON and T1 treatments. Compared to the CON and T1 treatment, significantly (p < 0.05) higher crude protein content, and lower acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents were found in the T2 and T3 treatments. Compared to the CON treatment, the pH significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculated silage, and the lowest pH was measured in the T3 treatment. Similarly, significantly higher lactic acid and acetic acid contents were also found in the T3 treatment compared to those in other treatments. After 30 days of ensiling, the Shannon and Chao1 indexes in silages decreased compared to that in the fresh materials (FMs). The principal coordinate analysis indicated that both FM and silage were distinctly separated in each treatment with no interactions on the confidence ellipse (R = 0.8933, p = 0.001). At the phylum level, the dominant phylum was shifted from Proteobacteria to Firmicutes after the fermentation process. Interestingly, Weissella dominated the fermentation in the CON treatment and Lactobacillus dominated the fermentation in all inoculated LAB silages at the genus level. Results of functional prediction analyses showed that the metabolism of amino acid, cofactors, and vitamins, and membrane transport was reduced, while the metabolism of nucleotide and majority carbohydrates was increased after ensiling. The complex LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus buchneri, and Pediococcus pentosaceus) exhibited the potential possibility to decrease pH and enhance the relative abundance of LAB in response to obtaining high-quality silage by the synergistic effects. These results suggested that the complex LAB could improve the ensiling performance of native grass silage, and lay a theoretical basis for inoculant application in native grass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although lean search is seen as an important action in lean startup, previous studies have less knowledge on how to realize it, especially in the face of traditional plans that cannot cope with sudden changes in the environment. To fill the research gap, this study investigates the effects of improvisation (exploitative, explorative, and ambidextrous improvisation) on lean search. Meanwhile, this research also discusses the moderating effects of entrepreneurial team heterogeneity and the environmental uncertainty to identify the boundary conditions of this relationship. Supported by the crosssectional data from 203 Chinese startups, the results show that explorative and ambidextrous improvisation are positively associated with lean search. However, the effect of exploitative improvisation on lean search is unsupported. Additionally, technology uncertainty positively moderates the relationship between exploitative improvisation and lean search. Market uncertainty positively moderates the relationship between explorative improvisation and lean search. However, the entrepreneurial team heterogeneity negatively moderates the relationship between ambidextrous improvisation and lean search. These findings contribute to understanding how startups could conduct lean search in a rapidly changing environment, which provides theoretical guidance for improving the success rate of startups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silage exposed to air is prone to deterioration and production of unpleasant volatile chemicals that can seriously affect livestock intake and health. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Lactobacillus buchneri (LB), and a combination of LP and LB (PB) on the quality, microbial community and volatile chemicals of Leymus chinensis silage at 0, 4, and 8 days after aerobic exposure. During aerobic exposure, LP had higher WSC and LA contents but had the least aerobic stability, with more harmful microorganisms such as Penicillium and Monascus and produced more volatile chemicals such as Isospathulenol and 2-Furancarbinol. LB slowed down the rise in pH, produced more acetic acid and effectively improved aerobic stability, while the effect of these two additives combined was intermediate between that of each additive alone. Correlation analysis showed that Actinomyces, Sphingomonas, Penicillium, and Monascus were associated with aerobic deterioration, and Weissella, Pediococcus, Botryosphaeria, and Monascus were associated with volatile chemicals. In conclusion, LB preserved the quality of L. chinensis silage during aerobic exposure, while LP accelerated aerobic deterioration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, IPv4 is the core of the Internet. When it was designed, security protection was hardly considered. Therefore, the Internet has many security loopholes, which cause information leakage or even breakdown. Compared with IPv4, IPv6 has been improved in terms of security, but IPv6 packets are not encrypted and verified by default, and the problem of network layer being attacked is still unresolved. So, the Internet based ipv6 is still faces the risk of data being monitored and tampered, which cannot effectively prevent malicious attacks. China Decimal Network Standard working group developed the future network system, which adopts the zero-trust security mechanism of verification before communication. Big Data Platform in Tai'an of Health is responsible for the unified management of all medical and health institutions in the platform, and for the management, communication and maintenance of all data. Therefore, the establishment of the network security system of this platform should pay more attention to effective, scientific and comprehensive requirements. In this paper, the Future Network (IPV9) with independent intellectual property rights in China and its encryption technology are introduced, and the network security system of Big Data Platform in Tai ' an of Health is designed, and the corresponding simulation test is carried out, which achieves the expected effect. The design of network security system of Big Data Platform in Tai'an of Health based on IPV9 can play a certain role and reference value in solving network security problems in Big Data Platform of Health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The impact of perceived life stress on subjective well-being has been well- established; while few studies have explored the mediating and moderating mechanisms of the association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women. This study is aimed at exploring the mediating effect of depressive symptoms and the role of interests/hobbies as a moderator in the association between perceived life stress and subjective well-being among perimenopausal women. Methods. The participants were 1,104 perimenopausal women at the age of 40 to 60, who were asked to complete a paper-based questionnaire. A single item was used to measure self-perceived life stress and interests/hobbies. The Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Subjective Well-being Scale for Chinese Citizens (SWBS- CC) were applied to assess both depressive symptoms and subjective well-being. Multiple linear regression analysis and the PROCESS macro were adopted to analyse not only the mediating effect of depressive symptoms but also the moderating role of interests/hobbies. Results. Perceived life stress was negatively associated with subjective well-being (β = -1:424, β =-0:101, P <0:001). The impact of perceived life stress on subjective well- being was partially mediated by depressive symptoms (mediation effect = -0.760, 95% confidence intervals (CI) [-1.129, -0.415]). In addition, the interaction term between depressive symptoms and interests/hobbies was significantly related to subjective well- being (β = -0:060, P <0:05), indicating moderating effect. Moderated mediation had a significant index (Index = -0.220, SE D 0.099, 95% CI [ -0.460, -0.060]). Conclusions. Perceived life stress was negatively related to subjective well-being. The impact of perceived life stress on subjective well-being was mediated by depressive symptoms. Besides, interests/hobbies moderated the indirect effect of depressive symptoms on the relationship between perceived life stress and subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a serious vascular disease for which there is no effective drug treatment. The incidence of AAA increases significantly as a subject ages, and the molecular mechanism of AAA formation remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the role of syndecan-4 (SDC4), an important component of focal adhesions, in AAA formation and its association with phenotypic changes in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Methods and Results: The protein expression levels of SDC4 were significantly decreased in human AAA tissue and those of an AAA mouse model. Moreover, SDC4 knockout (KO) in mice accelerated the formation and rupture of AAAs induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) Mechanistically, the decrease in SDC4 led to the transformation of cultured VSMCs from a contractile to a secretory phenotype. The RhoA-F/G-actinmyocardin-related transcription factor-A (MRTF-A) signalling pathway was shown to be involved in SDC4-dependent VSMC alteration. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a G-protein-coupled receptor, attenuated the AAA formation in SDC4-KO and wild-type (WT) mice in response to Ang II and CaCl2 stimulation. Conclusion: We herein demonstrated that silencing SDC4 was associated with increased AAA formation and phenotypic changes in VSMCs via the RhoAF/G-actin-MRTF-A pathway. These findings indicated that a reduction in SDC4 expression was an important pathological alteration and potential therapeutic target for AAA formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: External root resorption, commonly starting from cementum, is a severe side effect of orthodontic treatment. In this pathological process and repairing course followed, cementoblasts play a significant role. Previous studies implicated that parathyroid hormone (PTH) could act on committed osteoblast precursors to promote differentiation, and inhibit apoptosis. But little was known about the role of PTH in cementoblasts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of intermittent PTH on cementoblasts and its influence after mechanical strain treatment. Results: Higher levels of cementogenesis- and differentiation-related biomarkers (bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteocalcin (OCN), Collagen type I (COL1) and Osterix (Osx)) were shown in 1-3 cycles of intermittent PTH treated groups than the control group. Additionally, intermittent PTH increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules formation, as measured by ALP staining, quantitative ALP assay, Alizarin red S staining and quantitative calcium assay. The morphology of OCCM-30 cells changed after mechanical strain exertion. Expression of BSP, ALP, OCN, osteopontin (OPN) and Osx was restrained after 18 h mechanical strain. Furthermore, intermittent PTH significantly increased the expression of cementogenesis- and differentiation-related biomarkers in mechanical strain treated OCCM-30 cells. Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggested that intermittent PTH promoted cementum formation through activating cementogenesis- and differentiation-related biomarkers, and attenuated the catabolic effects of mechanical strain in immortalized cementoblasts OCCM-30. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Howto satisfy customers' heterogeneous demands by limitedmodels of product is the key problem in anATO(Assemble-to-Order) manufacturer's operations management. Based on the condition that customers' demands depend on their types which follow uniform distribution, we develop an inventory model to study how an ATO manufacturer selects the products from the candidate products in a same product family and determines components replenishment quantities, in order to maximize its profit. We get the optimal set of products which an ATO manufacturer should assemble, as well as the components replenishment quantities through theoretical, numerical, and case analyses. Furthermore, we propose an algorithm to obtain the optimal solution on the set of products and the components replenishment quantities. We found that an ATO manufacturer should make the performance and qualities of products over a certain level, and determine the optimal selling duration of products according to their selling prices and qualities, as well as the purchase prices and holding costs of their components. This paper offers consultation for ATO manufacturers to make policies on product selection and components replenishment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]