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Background: Several studies have revealed the positive healthy impacts of branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs). However, most of these studies evaluated the serum BCFAs in humans, or treatment with exogenous BCFAs in animal or in-vitro models and the health impacts of dietary BCFAs have not yet been studied. Due to positive effects of BCFAs in sport, in the current study, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary BCFAs and metabolic and inflammatory parameters among elite and subelite soccer players. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 335 elite and subelite soccer players (196 male), aged between 20 and 45 years old. Soccer players were enrolled from 32 teams under the directive of The Chinese Football Association. Demographic, anthropometric, and dietary assessments were performed and laboratory measurement including serum lipids, glycemic markers, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured. Results: Those with the highest dietary BCFAs consumption had higher appetite (p =.009). Also, high consumption of dietary BCFAs was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio: 0.958; confidence interval: 0.918–0.999; p =.046) and low high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations in the third tertile of dietary BCFAs (odds ratio: 0.431; confidence interval: 0.300–0.618; p <.001). No other association between biochemical variables and dietary BCFAs was found. Conclusion: As shown in the current study, higher dietary BCFAs consumption was associated with lower diastolic blood pressure and inflammation. Due to very limited number of studies, further studies are needed to have a better perspective of these associations and their underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In living and synthetic active matter systems, the constituents can self-propel and interact with each other and with the environment through various physicochemical mechanisms. Among these mechanisms, chemotactic and auto-chemotactic effects are widely observed. The impact of (auto-)chemotactic effects on achiral active matter has been a recent research focus. However, the influence of these effects on chiral active matter remains elusive. Here, we develop a Brownian dynamics model coupled with a diffusion equation to examine the dynamics of auto-chemotactic chiral active droplets in both quasi-two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) systems. By quantifying the droplet trajectory as a function of the dimensionless Péclet number and chemotactic strength, our simulations well reproduce the curling and helical trajectories of nematic droplets in a surfactant-rich solution reported by Krüger et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 048003 (2016)]. The modeled curling trajectory in 2D exhibits an emergent chirality, also consistent with the experiment. We further show that the geometry of the chiral droplet trajectories, characterized by the pitch and diameter, can be used to infer the velocities of the droplet. Interestingly, we find that, unlike the achiral case, the velocities of chiral active droplets show dimensionality dependence: its mean instantaneous velocity is higher in 3D than in 2D, whereas its mean migration velocity is lower in 3D than in 2D. Taken together, our particle-based simulations provide new insights into the dynamics of auto-chemotactic chiral active droplets, reveal the effects of dimensionality, and pave the way toward their applications, such as drug delivery, sensors, and micro-reactors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the high-resolution photodetachment spectroscopy of the cryogenically cooled anionic tellurium dimer (Te2−). The high-resolution resonant photoelectron spectrum yields an accurate electron affinity of 16 689.7(92) cm−1 or 2.0693(11) eV for Te2. Two resonant states of Te2− anions have been identified, positioned at 1092(17) cm−1 below and 250(11) cm−1 above the photodetachment threshold, respectively. The spectra of resonant two-photon detachment (R2PD) and autodetachment from a specific vibrational level through a Feshbach resonance exhibit notable non-Franck–Condon behaviors. Using the spectroscopic data from the current experiment, the equilibrium bond distances and spectroscopic constants of the ground state and two electronically excited states of Te2− were determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solvent treatment can dramatically impact the electronic donor/acceptor (D/A) bulk heterojunction morphology of organic solar cells (OSCs). By a combination of molecular dynamic simulations with density functional theory, we investigated the local morphology and conjugated conducting network dependent on the solvent-treatment approach of PM6/Y6 (D/A) thin films, including the D/A interface, D/D domain, and A/A domain. We found that the charge-transfer rate was as high as 1012 s−1 for exciton dissociation at the D/A interface, which was in good agreement with experimental measurements (1012 s−1). The electron-transport rate (1012 s−1) in the A/A stacking configuration was one order of magnitude higher than the hole-transport rate (1011 s−1) in the D/D stacking configuration. This implied that hole transport in the D/D domain should be further improved in order to balance the negative and positive charge-carrier transport. Moreover, the chloroform-treated bulk heterojunction was found to be the most suitable for exciton dissociation at the D/A interface and for conjugated conducting networks in both the D/D and A/A domains, since the chloroform-treatment process promotes the distribution of strong electronic coupling, which favors exciton dissociation and charge transport. This work provides an understanding of how solvent treatment impacts the bulk heterojunction morphology and charge-transfer/transport properties of high-performance OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a promising method for growing large-sized and high-quality Mg2SiO4 single crystals was explored, and a transparent Mg2SiO4 single crystal, 30 mm in diameter and 80 mm in length, was successfully grown by the Czochralski method. The morphology of dislocation was studied by chemical etching and explained by surface energy based on the density functional theory (DFT) method. And the anisotropy of its thermodynamic and optical properties was studied. The experimental results showed a maximum Mohs hardness of 6.84 and the highest thermal conductivity of 11.73 W m−1 K−1, indicating that Mg2SiO4 has higher hardness and better thermal properties. Furthermore, the refractive index curves along the three principal axes in the range of 200–1700 nm and transmittance curves in the range of 200–2500 nm were obtained. The maximum phonon energy of the Mg2SiO4 crystal was determined. Finally, the band structure and density of states (DOS) were calculated based on the DFT method. These results provide an important reference for the application of Mg2SiO4 as a near-infrared tunable laser crystal host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The minimization of the commutator of the Fock and density matrices as the error matrix in the direct inversion of the iterative subspace (CDIIS) developed by Pulay is a powerful self‐consistent field (SCF) acceleration technique for the construction of optimum Fock matrix, if initiated with a fair initial guess. In this work, we present an alternative minimized error matrix to the commutator in the CDIIS, namely the residual or the gradient of the energy‐functional for a Slater determinant subject to the orthonormality constraints among orbitals, representing the search for a newly improved Fock matrix in the direction of the residual in the direct inversion of the iterative subspace (RDIIS). Implemented in the computational chemistry package GAMESS, the RDIIS is compared with the standard CDIIS and the second order SCF orbital optimization (SOSCF) for tested molecules started with a crude guess. As a result, the RDIIS stably and efficiently performs the SCF convergence acceleration. Furthermore, the RDIIS is considerably independent on the subspace size with the concentrated linear coefficients accounting proportionally for the Fock matrices close to the current iteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a four-dimensional fractional order hyperchaotic system with coexisting attractors is excogitated. The stability analysis of the equilibrium point is investigated, and the chaotic and hyperchaotic behavior of the system is well demonstrated numerically by the Lyapunov exponents. By applying delayed feedback control technique, we obtain the existence condition of Hopf bifurcation for the such system. Some numerical simulations are exhibited to substantiate the obtained results in the end, which also displays some interesting dynamical phenomena, such as quasi-periodic, and hyperchaotic. The work reveals that the fractional order and delays have a great significance to controlling the hyperchaotic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid in situ synthesis of electrochromic covalent organic frameworks (EC‐COFs) was proposed by using green electrochemical interface polymerization of N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐benzenediamine (TPDA) and 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHBD). The synthetized TPDA‐DHBD films exhibit stable polymorphic color variations under different applied potentials, which can be attributed to the redox state changes of bis(triphenylamine) and imine electroactive functional groups within the COFs skeleton. TPDA‐DHBD represents markedly different electrochromisms from red to cyan due to the steric hindrance effect caused by the presence of UO22+, demonstrating the unique tunability of COFs materials. This work offers a new feasible idea for rapid EC‐COFs synthesis and tunable EC‐COFs realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rapid in situ synthesis of electrochromic covalent organic frameworks (EC‐COFs) was proposed by using green electrochemical interface polymerization of N,N,N',N'‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)‐1,4‐benzenediamine (TPDA) and 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalaldehyde (DHBD). The synthetized TPDA‐DHBD films exhibit stable polymorphic color variations under different applied potentials, which can be attributed to the redox state changes of bis(triphenylamine) and imine electroactive functional groups within the COFs skeleton. TPDA‐DHBD represents markedly different electrochromisms from red to cyan due to the steric hindrance effect caused by the presence of UO22+, demonstrating the unique tunability of COFs materials. This work offers a new feasible idea for rapid EC‐COFs synthesis and tunable EC‐COFs realization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lysosomal homeostasis and functions are essential for the survival of neural cells. Impaired lysosomal biogenesis and acidification in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis leads to proteolytic dysfunction and neurodegeneration. However, the key regulatory factors and mechanisms of lysosomal homeostasis in AD remain poorly understood. Methods: ROCK1 expression and its co-localization with LAMP1 and SQSTM1/p62 were detected in post-mortem brains of healthy controls and AD patients. Lysosome-related fluorescence probe staining, transmission electron microscopy and immunoblotting were performed to evaluate the role of ROCK1 in lysosomal biogenesis and acidification in various neural cell types. The interaction between ROCK1 and TFEB was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance and in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Moreover, we performed AAV-mediated ROCK1 downregulation followed by immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and behavioral tests to unveil the effects of the ROCK1–TFEB axis on lysosomes in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Results: ROCK1 level was significantly increased in the brains of AD individuals, and was positively correlated with lysosomal markers and Aβ. Lysosomal proteolysis was largely impaired by the high abundance of ROCK1, while ROCK1 knockdown mitigated the lysosomal dysfunction in neurons and microglia. Moreover, we verified ROCK1 as a previously unknown upstream kinase of TFEB independent of m-TOR or GSK-3β. ROCK1 elevation resulted in abundant extracellular Aβ deposition which in turn bound to Aβ receptors and activated RhoA/ROCK1, thus forming a vicious circle of AD pathogenesis. Genetically downregulating ROCK1 lowered its interference with TFEB, promoted TFEB nuclear distribution, lysosomal biogenesis and lysosome-mediated Aβ clearance, and eventually prevented pathological traits and cognitive deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Conclusion: In summary, our results provide a mechanistic insight into the critical role of ROCK1 in lysosomal regulation and Aβ clearance in AD by acting as a novel upstream serine kinase of TFEB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) coated tens nanometer hydrangea macrophylla-like CeO2(CeO2-NC) was synthesized by simple hydrothermal and polymeric calcination approach. Samples are characterised by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, XPS, etc. CeO2-NC shows an initial potential of 0.90V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 9.5 M H3PO4. In addition, the CeO2-NC composite also exhibits a high limiting current (6.25 mA mg−1). CeO2-NC effectively combines the high initial potential of CeO2 with the high limiting current of NC. Moreover, a hybrid proton battery assembled with CeO2-NC composite as the cathode catalyst and MoO3 (1 mg) as anode catalyst can produce a high capacity of 261.7 mAh at 1 A g−1. The hybrid battery also exhibits excellent catalytic stability. After 1000 cycles at a high current density of 15 A g−1, the capacity of the battery still remains 125.0 mAh, with a retention rate of approximately 90.9%. The improvement in battery performance is due to the use of NC to coat CeO2, which improves the limiting current and durability of the electrode. The presented hybrid proton batteries have further enriched the application of electrochemical energy storage devices, and the preliminary exploration of cathode catalysts significantly improved the catalytic performance of ORR under acidic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the shadowing effect of existing tunnels on the evolution of soil arching, focusing on the shape of the tunnel (circular and rectangular) through trapdoor experiments. The displacement and shear strain distributions of ground soil resulting from trapdoor movement were estimated using a digital image correlation technique. The results showed that the shadowing effect of the rectangular tunnel was significantly greater than that of the circular tunnel of the same size. The sand above the tunnel was displaced in a double-groove pattern owing to the presence of the tunnel, and the maximum surface settlement occurred between the tunnel boundary and the trapdoor edge. The circular tunnels exhibited consistently higher maximum surface displacements than that in the rectangular tunnels. The shear strain value of soil was lower for the rectangular tunnel case than that for the circular tunnel case. The rectangular tunnels required lesser trapdoor displacement than that of the circular tunnel to obtain the minimum soil arching ratio. The minimum and ultimate soil arching ratios increased as the burial depth ratio increased for both the tunnel shapes. The maximum stress ratio of the tunnel crown was consistently larger for the circular case than for the rectangular case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crossing departmental boundaries and improving the efficiency of policy instruments are potential solutions to break the dilemma of public affairs governance and shift to collaborative governance. It is necessary to re-examine the internal connection mechanism between intergovernmental relations and policy tools. This study used textual analysis to deconstruct 178 water pollution control policies from 1984 to 2020, provided an overview of 16 control sectors and 30 policy instruments; then used social network analysis to characterize the structure of the water pollution control network, discussed the principles of reciprocity and priority of cross-sector cooperation, the shift in preference in the choice of policy instruments, and the institutional logic of the "sector-instrument" interface. First, the network characteristics of the governance body evolves from "one-core multiple" to "multiple synergy." The means of the degree, closeness and betweenness centrality of the current policy stage are 0.79, 0.85, and 0.04, respectively. Second, the selective preference of policy instruments will shift from command-and-control preference to a balanced choice of multiple policy instruments. The mean values of degree, closeness and betweenness centrality in the current policy stage are 0.79, 0.92, and 0.01, respectively. Thirdly, the sectoral collaboration and policy instruments both follow the "relationship-interaction-synergy" process in the evolution of policy elements. The structural characteristics of the network change from "loose" in the policy construction stage to "decentralized-coupled" in the policy innovation stage to "core-edge" in the institutional innovation stage, and the current the network density is 69.14 and the connection degree is 0.93. This study enriches the knowledge of water pollution governance policy design and policy implementation, and provides ideas to consider the relationship between governance sectors and the embeddedness of instruments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research investigating the potential link between gingival microvascular blood flow and inflammatory status is scarce. This study aims to assess color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and micro-flow imaging (MFI) as tools for the assessment of gingival papilla blood flow (GPBF) and to examine their diagnostic utility as a noninvasive means of detecting gingival bleeding. Methods: CDFI and MFI were used to assess the GPBF grade (0–4) of 140 anterior gingival papilla sites in advanced periodontitis patients. Correlations between GPBF grades and periodontal characteristics were examined, and diagnostic performance as a means of predicting bleeding on probing (BOP) was examined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: GPBF grades 0 and 1 assessed by the MFI were 14.29% and 15.71% respectively, lower than the 28.57% and 24.29% assessed by the CDFI. In contrast, MFI detected a higher frequency of GPBF grade 2 sites (40.71%) relative to CDFI (22.14%). The CDFI and MFI provided consistent results in 62.14% of the sites, while the MFI demonstrated higher ratings in rest 37.86% of the sites. A significant positive correlation was detected between GPBF grade and the modified gingival index (MGI), bleeding index (BI), BOP, and probing depth (PD). It showed high accuracy for CDFI or MFI to diagnosing BOP with a sensitivity of 80.51% and 96.43% and a specificity of 77.27% and 57.14%, respectively. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve values when predicting BOP based on the GPBF grade determined using CDFI and MFI approaches 0.887 (95% CI 0.833–0.942) and 0.917 (95% CI 0.862–0.972), respectively, and there were no significant differences between these values (Z = − 1.502, p = 0.133). Conclusions: Both MFI and CDFI can be employed for the evaluation of GPBF, and MFI is better suited to detecting mild inflammation. Trial registration ChiCTR2200066021 (Date of registration: 22/11/2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of energy-based seismic design, probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) in terms of the input energy spectrum, E I , has become increasingly important. Generally, implementing E I -based PSHA requires a ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) for E I . However, although a GMPE for E I can be constructed in regions with abundant earthquake data based on regression analyses, it is difficult to obtain in regions lacking strong ground-motion records. Therefore, this study proposes a new approach for performing E I -based PSHA in regions with limited earthquake data. Instead of using a GMPE for E I directly, a model of Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) is adopted, which can be determined using a small number of earthquake data with small-to-moderate magnitudes. Then, the E I of the ground motion is obtained from FAS based on the relationship between E I and FAS. Furthermore, to calculate the annual intensity exceedance rate within the proposed framework of adopting the FAS model, a highly efficient method, namely, the moment method, is applied. Several numerical examples indicate that the proposed approach not only is suitable for regions lacking strong ground-motion records but also performs very efficiently in calculating the annual intensity exceedance rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Internet applications, network conversation is the primary communication between the user and server. The server needs to efficiently and quickly return the corresponding service according to the conversation sent by the user to improve the users' Quality of Service. Thus, Conversation Information Seeking (CIS) research has become a hot topic today. In Cloud Computing (CC), a central service mode, the conversation is transmitted between the user and the remote cloud over a long distance. With the explosive growth of Internet applications, network congestion, long-distance communication, and single point of failure have brought new challenges to the centralized service mode. People put forward Edge Cloud Computing (ECC) to meet the new challenges of the centralized service mode of CC. As a distributed service mode, ECC is an extension of CC. By migrating services from the remote cloud to the network edge closer to users, ECC can solve the above challenges in CC well. In ECC, people solve the problem of CIS through edge caching. The current research focuses on designing the edge cache strategy to achieve more predictable caching. In this article, we propose an edge cache placement method Evolutionary Game based Caching Placement Strategy (EG-CPS). This method consists of three modules: the user preference prediction module, the content popularity calculation module, and the cache placement decision module. To maximize the predictability of the cache strategy, we are committed to optimizing the cache hit rate and service latency. The simulation experiment compares the proposed strategy with several other cache strategies. The experimental results illustrate that EG-CPS can reduce up to 2.4% of the original average content request latency, increase the average direct cache hit rate by 1.7%, and increase the average edge cache hit rate by 3.3%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examines the implications of real asset liquidity for accounting conservatism. We investigate whether the liquidity of a firm's physical assets mitigates lenders' demand for conservatism by increasing the amount lenders can recover if the firm is liquidated, a theoretical prediction in Göx and Wagenhofer (2009). Design/methodology/approach: We use an asset redeployability index as a proxy for firm-level real (physical) asset liquidity and adopt ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions in the test. We also investigate the differential impact of real asset liquidity on conservatism in two unique settings where lenders' demand for accounting conservatism varies (loan initiation and bank deregulation). Findings: We find that accounting conservatism decreases as real asset liquidity increases. The negative effect of real asset liquidity on conservatism increases as the quantity of the firm's real assets increases, and the negative association is strengthened when firms face high financing constraints and have access to public debt markets. The moderating effect of real asset liquidity on lenders' demand for conservatism increases (decreases) when real asset liquidity is more (less) important to lenders. Originality/value: This study provides direct empirical evidence for the theoretical prediction in Göx and Wagenhofer (2009). Prior research shows that real asset liquidity impacts a firm's capital structure and investment decisions (Campello and Giambona, 2013; Kim and Kung, 2017; Ortiz-Molina and Phillips, 2014; Williamson, 1988). We complement this literature by providing evidence that real asset liquidity also plays a role in financial reporting by reducing accounting conservatism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HERC5, a vital protein in the HERC family, plays crucial roles in immune response, cancer progression, and antiviral defense. This bioinformatic study comprehensively assessed HERC5's significance across various malignancies by analyzing its gene expression, immune and molecular subtype expressions, target proteins, biological functions, and prognostic and diagnostic values in pan‐cancer. We further examined its correlation with clinical features, co‐expressed and differentially expressed genes, and prognosis in clinical subgroups, focusing on endometrial cancer (UCEC). Our findings showed that HERC5 RNA is expressed at low levels in most cancers and significantly differs across immune and molecular subtypes. HERC5 accurately predicts cancer and correlates with most cancer prognoses. In UCEC, HERC5 was significantly associated with age, hormonal status, clinical stage, treatment status, and metastasis. Elevated HERC5 expression was linked to worse progression‐free interval, disease‐specific survival, and overall survival in UCEC, particularly in diverse clinical subgroups. Significant differences in HERC5 expression were also observed in various human cancer cell line validations. In summary, HERC5 may be a critical biomarker for pan‐cancer prognosis, progression, and diagnosis, as well as a promising new target for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new flavonoids including two isoflavanones sophortones A and B (1 and 2), and one chalcone sophortone C (3) were isolated from the roots of Sophora tonkinensis. Their structures were established by UV, IR, HRESIMS, and NMR data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Gain‐of‐function (GOF) variants of KCNJ11 cause neonate diabetes and maturity‐onset diabetes of the young (KCNJ11‐MODY), while loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants lead to hyperinsulinemia hypoglycemia and subsequent diabetes. Given the limited research of KCNJ11‐MODY, we aimed to analyse its phenotypic features and prevalence in Chinese patients with early‐onset type 2 diabetes (EOD). Design, Patients and Measurements: We performed next‐generation sequencing on 679 Chinese EOD patients to screen for KCNJ11 exons variants. Bioinformatics prediction and the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines was used to determine the pathogenicity and diagnosed KCNJ11‐MODY. A literature review was conducted to investigate the phenotypic features of KCNJ11‐MODY. Results: We identified six predicted deleterious rare variants in six EOD patients (0.88%). They were classified as uncertain significance (variant of uncertain significance [VUS]), but more common in this EOD cohort than a general Chinese population database, however, without significant difference (53/10,588, 0.50%) (p =.268). Among 80 previously reported patients with KCNJ11‐MODY, 23.8% (19/80) carried 9 (32.1%) LOF variants, who had significantly older age at diagnosis, higher birthweight and higher fasting C‐peptide compared to patients with GOF variants. Many patients carrying VUS were not correctly diagnosed. Conclusions: Some rare variants of KCNJ11 might contribute to the development of Chinese EOD, although available evidence has not enough power to support them as cause of KCNJ11‐MODY. The clinical features of LOF variants were different from GOF variants in KCNJ11‐MODY patients. It is necessary to evaluate the pathogenicity of VUS through function experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to analyze the needs of the elderly at the signalized intersection and evaluate the service level of the elderly pedestrians, a service level evaluation model based on subjective evaluation and intersection traffic characteristics was established. The traffic characteristic parameters of 33 signal-controlled crosswalks were obtained through field observation and video analysis. A truncated questionnaire was used to obtain the subjective value of pedestrian service level evaluation of the elderly crossing the street with synchronous conditions. The initial selection was based on nonlinear, linear and fuzzy linear regression models. Based on the data analysis of 30 crosswalks, Pearson correlation coefficient and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to identify the key factors affecting the service level of the elderly crossing the street. Taking the key factors as input, comparing the nonlinear, linear and fuzzy linear regression models, the results showed that the multivariate nonlinear regression model of elderly pedestrian service level evaluation was better in terms of fit and error, and the data of 3 crosswalks in the verification group further confirm the applicability of the model. The research results could provide some reference for the study of traffic safety improvement strategies in the aging trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sensitivity of grain boundary (GB) cracks often limits the high-temperature plasticity of superalloys. The 750 ℃ tensile deformation of fine-grained Ni-Co based wrought superalloys was observed in situ using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) probe to clarify the texture formation and GB response. The GB stress concentration depends on the grain orientation and slip system alignment on both sides. This reflects the ability of GBs to cope with deformation incompatibility. This study provides valuable insights for predicting the failure of polycrystalline superalloys and offers new ideas for microstructure evaluation and GB design. IMPACT STATEMENT: The lattice rotation and GB response of Ni-Co based fine-grained wrought superalloys under 750 ℃ deformation were explained through in-situ observation, which helps predict the superalloys' service behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the effect of explosion pressure relief from different angles of outlet in confined areas under methane-air premixed gas with a methane volume concentration of 9.5%. Results showed that increasing the angle of explosion pressure relief outlet from 30° to 150° generates a subsequent change in the overpressure attenuation rate of the straight pipeline segment (range 19.51–33.96%). Notably, the explosion pressure relief efficiency is most significant under working conditions of 60°–75°, and the overpressure attenuation rate is 30.21%–33.96%. The overpressure attenuation rate of the straight pipeline exhibits a non-monotonic relationship with the explosion pressure relief outlet angles, while the overpressure peak is positively correlated with the explosion pressure relief outlet angle. Collectively, these results provide a theoretical basis to guide future designing of explosion pressure relief outlet angles in a restricted space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the context of a gradual increase in aging, improving the mental health of the elderly is particularly vital for coping with aging. Leveraging data from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies, this study rigorously examines the influence of short video on the mental health of the elderly. Methods: We use a multiple linear regression model to investigate the influence of short video usage on the mental health of the elderly. To address endogeneity concerns, this study employs two-stage least squares and propensity score matching to estimate the impact of short video usage on the mental health of the elderly. Results: The empirical analysis reveals a substantive and statistically significant enhancement in the mental health of elderly people attributable to the use of short videos. To ensure the reliability and robustness of our estimations, a comprehensive battery of robustness tests is conducted, all of which consistently support the conclusion of a positive association between short video usage and improved mental health among the elderly. Furthermore, the results of the heterogeneity analysis suggest that short videos have less of an impact on elderly males and individuals with higher levels of education. The results of the mechanism analysis indicate that the use of short videos can enhance the mental health of elderly individuals by positively impacting the intergenerational relationships between them and their children, as well as their leisure consumption habits. Conclusions: This study can provide policy inspiration for the government to improve the mental health of the elderly and achieve active aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study investigates the association between dietary flavonoid intake and the incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) through a matched case-control design. Methods: Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, comparing the intake of flavonoids between individuals with MCI and those with normal cognitive function. Logistic regression analysis was employed to evaluate the correlation between dietary flavonoid intake and the risk of MCI. Additionally, blood concentrations of S100β, a marker of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, were measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, and Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and blood S100β levels. Results: Compared to participants with normal cognition, those with MCI had significantly lower dietary intakes of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, flavonols, and anthocyanidins, while the intake of peonidin was significantly higher. Univariate logistic regression analysis indicated that high dietary intake of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, kaempferol, myricetin, and flavonols was negatively correlated with MCI, whereas peonidin intake was positively correlated with MCI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed these findings. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative correlation between dietary intake of kaempferol and myricetin and blood S100β levels. Conclusion: Increasing the dietary intake of total flavonoids, isoflavones, daidzein, glycitein, genistein, and flavonols appears to be a protective factor against MCI, while higher intake of peonidin is associated with an increased risk of MCI. The protective or adverse effects of these flavonoids may not be related to the permeability of the BBB. Myricetin and kaempferol intake may protect cognitive function by maintaining BBB integrity. Plain language and summary: Brief highlights: More attention to neurons Previous studies on the cognitive effects of flavonoid intake have mainly focused on their direct effects on central neurons and glial cells. Less attention to BBB damage Few studies have investigated the effects of flavonoid intake on the BBB, which indirectly affects cognitive function. Negative correlation between BBB damage and Myricetin and Kaempferol It was found that Myricetin and Kaempferol, two components of flavonoids, were negatively correlated with the risk of MCI and negatively correlated with blood levels of the BBB integrity marker S100β. They may protect cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly people by preserving the integrity of the BBB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbubbles (MB) are widely used as contrast agents for ultrasound (US) imaging and US‐enhanced drug delivery. Polymeric MB are highly suitable for these applications because of their acoustic responsiveness, high drug loading capability, and ease of surface functionalization. While many studies have focused on using polymeric MB for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, relatively little attention has thus far been paid to improving their inherent imaging and drug delivery features. This study here shows that manipulating the polymer chemistry of poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) (PBCA) MB via temporarily mixing the monomer with the monomer‐mimetic butyl cyanoacetate (BCC) during the polymerization process improves the drug loading capacity of PBCA MB by more than twofold, and the in vitro and in vivo acoustic responses of PBCA MB by more than tenfold. Computer simulations and physisorption experiments show that BCC manipulates the growth of PBCA polymer chains and creates nanocavities in the MB shell, endowing PBCA MB with greater drug entrapment capability and stronger acoustic properties. Notably, because BCC can be readily and completely removed during MB purification, the resulting formulation does not include any residual reagent beyond the ones already present in current PBCA‐based MB products, facilitating the potential translation of next‐generation PBCA MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmonic nanomaterials with multiple components and designed structures show diverse properties and functions owing to the synergistic effects of the different components. Engineering the compositional and structural complexity of plasmonic nanomaterials is a powerful technique for expanding their range of applications. A facile approach to an unprecedented dart‐like type of nanostructure with AgPd bimetal selectively deposited at one end of Au nanobipyramids, forming AgPd nanodarts, is reported here. The synthetic process involves both galvanic replacement and Ostwald ripening. The morphological evolution of the AgPd nanodarts is thoroughly investigated and the growth mechanism is put forward. The as‐obtained AgPd nanodarts exhibit an outstanding photothermal conversion efficiency and peroxidase activity, which make them powerful for photothermally–catalytically combined tumor organoid ablation. In addition, two types of AgPd nanodart‐derived single‐end nanostructures, AgPd@ZIF‐8, and AgPd@TiO2 nanodarts, are prepared for the first time. The ZIF‐8 and TiO2 shell are preferentially coated at the AgPd end of the AgPd nanodarts, respectively. Both AgPd@ZIF‐8 and AgPd@TiO2 nanodarts show superior antimicrobial activities. The protocol and concept of modulating the structure of the nanodarts in this work can be extended to the development of a new class of plasmonic nanostructures with multifunctionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor‐derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are proven to play important roles in accelerating the progression of tumors. Destructing the sEVs at tumor sites is therefore a promising route to inhibit tumor progression. Herein, a smart DNA network‐based sEV trap (DNET) is reported, which achieved the specific capture of tumor‐derived sEVs through recognizing sEVs by polyaptamers, and the efficient destruction of sEVs via a photodynamic process at tumor sites. The DNET is constructed through the assembly of two DNA chains generated via rolling circle amplification. The DNA chains contain polyaptamers for capturing sEVs, polyvalent G‐quadruplexes for loading photodynamic reagents, and complementary segments for forming a cross‐linked network. Upon the irradiation of the laser, the captured sEVs in DNET are destructed, causing significant inhibition effects on the migration, invasion, and proliferation of glioblastoma cells. In particular, DNET achieved tumor inhibition rates of 39.70% in the zebrafish tumor model, and 73.10% in the nude mouse tumor model, respectively, demonstrating the significant efficacy of DNET in inhibiting tumor progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the temperature rise, time consuming and cut quality of apicectomy using three different methods. Materials and methods: Twenty-four single-rooted teeth were collected and divided into four groups operating apicectomy with a NINJA tip of a piezoelectric device (G1), a diamond bur with 300,000 rpm (G2), and Er: YAG laser at 200 mJ/ 30 Hz (G3) as well as 250 mJ/ 30 Hz (G4). The temperature elevation and time were recorded and the cut quality was evaluated via stereomicroscope and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Results: The temperature increases for G1 was significantly higher than for G2. However, there was no significant difference between G1 and G2 with laser groups respectively. The median time for apicectomy was: 100.14s for G1, 22.65s for G2, 33.58s for G3, and 21.80s for G4. G1 is the most time-consuming group and there was no statistically significance in the comparisons with G2, G3 and G4. Cut quality was assessed by crack occurrence, smear layer formation and dentinal tubules exposed. The percentage of cracked teeth in G1 and G2 was 33.33% and for laser groups the percentage was 16.67% each. SEM showed that no smear layer formed and almost all dentinal tubules were exposed on resected surfaces for G3&G4, surfaces from G2 were partly covered by smear layer, and surfaces from G1 were fully covered by smear layer and with no dentinal tubules exposed. Conclusions: Er: YAG laser and conventional rotary instruments were safe and efficient for apicectomy and with a better cut quality when compared with piezoelectric equipment. Er: YAG laser could be a promising technique for apicectomy and further studies are necessary, especially larger sample in vivo investigations, to verify the feasibility of Er: YAG laser in endodontic surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late spring frosts, occurring after spring phenological events, pose a dire threat to tree growth and forest productivity. With climate warming, earlier spring phenological events have become increasingly common and led to plants experiencing more frequent and severe frost damage. However, the effect of late spring frosts after leaf-out on subsequent flowering phenology in woody species remains unknown. Utilizing 572,734 phenological records of 640 species at 5024 sites from four long-term and large-scale in situ phenological networks across the Northern Hemisphere, we show that late spring frosts following leaf-out significantly delay the onset of the subsequent flowering by approximately 6.0 days. Late-leafing species exhibit greater sensitivity to the frosts than early-leafing species, resulting in a longer delay of 2.5 days in flowering. Trees in warm regions and periods exhibit a more pronounced frost-induced flowering delay compared to those in cold regions and periods. A significant increase in the frequency of late spring frost occurrence is observed in recent decades. Our findings elucidate the intricate relationships among leaf-out, frost, and flowering but also emphasize that the sequential progression of phenological events, rather than individual phenological stages, should be considered when assessing the phenological responses to climate change. Climate warming causes earlier spring phenological events and higher risk of late spring frost damage. Here, the authors investigate the impact of late spring frosts on phenological events, finding that they delayed flowering by an average of 6 days across 640 species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure (HF) is a prevalent cardiovascular disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Due to the intricate structure of the heart, diverse cell types, and the complex pathogenesis of HF, further in‐depth investigation into the underlying mechanisms is required. The elucidation of the heterogeneity of cardiomyocytes and the intercellular communication network is particularly important. Traditional high‐throughput sequencing methods provide an average measure of gene expression, failing to capture the "heterogeneity" between cells and impacting the accuracy of gene function knowledge. In contrast, single‐cell sequencing techniques allow for the amplification of the entire genome or transcriptome at the individual cell level, facilitating the examination of gene structure and expression with unparalleled precision. This approach offers valuable insights into disease mechanisms, enabling the identification of changes in cellular components and gene expressions during hypertrophy associated with HF. Moreover, it reveals distinct cell populations and their unique roles in the HF microenvironment, providing a comprehensive understanding of the cellular landscape that underpins HF pathogenesis. This review focuses on the insights provided by single‐cell sequencing techniques into the mechanisms underlying HF and discusses the challenges encountered in current cardiovascular research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We herein report five coordination polymers (CPs) and two supramolecular cages based on [MS4Cux]x−2 (M = W, Mo, x = 1, 2, ... 6) units and N-containing ligands, 9,10-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)anthracene (dia), 1,6-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)pyrene (dip), and 1,1′,1′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyltris(methylene))tris(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) bromide (bmd), and 1,1′,1′′-((2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triyl)tris(methylene))tris(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) (mbmd). Compounds 1 and 2 both contain the penta-nuclear [(WS4)Cu4]2+ cluster unit. The four Cu+ atoms were arranged in a distorted tetrahedron and rectangle around the (WS4)2− core in 1 and 2, respectively, affording a 3-connected unit in 1 and a 2-connected unit in 2. Compounds 3, 4 and 5 were built with the tri-topic organic ligand bmd; 3 and 4 contain penta-nuclear [WS4Cu4]2+ units, and 5 contains the hexa-nuclear [MoS4Cu5]3+ unit. However the connectives of the cluster units in 3, 4 and 5 and the final helical chain structures were similar. Compound 6 contains a tetra-nuclear [WS4Cu3I3]2− unit and positively charged mbmd ligand. The mbmd ligand was in a cis-conformation leading to a supramolecular cage, which accommodated an I− anion as guest. Compound 7 is isostructural to 6 but contains a [WS4Cu3Cl3]2− cluster unit, mbmd ligand and a Br− free anion. This work demonstrates that the number and arrangement of Cu+ around the (MS4)2− core can be varied with the synthesis conditions, affording heterothiometallic [(MS4)Cux]x−2 cluster units of versatile geometries and connectivities for building CPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the movement of pollutants through ducts facilitates the assessment and control of ambient air quality problems (AQ). Among other things, understanding the deposition and distribution of particulate matter in elbows is important for practical engineering applications. In this study, the turbulent flow field and particle deposition in a 90° bend is investigated using RANS simulation. The RNG k-ε turbulence model was employed to calculate the airflow flow field and the discrete phase model (DPM) was used to simulate the particle phase motion. Where for the discrete phase, the Discrete Random Wander (DRW) model was considered and the deposition of particles with sizes of 1, 3, 5, 10, 20, and 40 μιτι in the flow field was investigated separately. Grid-independent validation of the models used in the simulations was performed. The effects of inlet velocity, particle size, and direction of gravity on the flow field and particle deposition in the elbow were considered. The results show that the flow field in the bend is strongly influenced by the above parameters. Among them, the turbulent disturbance in the bend section is the most intense, with high turbulent energy value, and it is also the region with the largest energy loss. The inlet velocity is negatively correlated with the deposition rate, and the particle size is positively correlated with the deposition rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic encephalopathy (DE) is a severe complication of diabetes, but its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the roles and underlying mechanisms of high glucose (HG)- and advanced glycosylation end product (AGE)-induced oxidative stress (OS) in the cognitive decline in DE. The DE mouse model was established using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin, and its cognitive functions were evaluated using the Morris Water Maze, novel object recognition, and Y-maze test. The results revealed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitophagy inhibition, and decreased prohibitin 2 (PHB2) expression in the hippocampal neurons of DE mice and HG- or AGE-treated HT-22 cells. However, overexpression of PHB2 reduced ROS generation, reversed mitophagy inhibition, and improved mitochondrial function in the HG- or AGE-treated HT-22 cells and ameliorated cognitive decline, improved mitochondrial structural damage, and reversed mitophagy inhibition of hippocampal neurons in DE mice. Further analysis revealed that the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway was involved in the HG- or AGE-mediated downregulation of PHB2 in HT-22 cells. These results demonstrate that HG- or AGE-induced OS inhibits the mitophagy of hippocampal neurons via the Keap1–Nrf2–PHB2 pathway, thereby contributing to the cognitive decline in DE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can result in symptoms including infertility, abortion, testicular inflammation, and arthritis in affected sheep and cattle. The disease can spread through a range of mechanisms, making outbreaks difficult to control such that affected farms often suffer severe economic losses. In addition, humans can be affected by brucellosis, and the number of cases continues to rise annually. As rates of brucellosis in Xinjiang, China have been increasing substantially in recent years, this study was developed to assess brucellosis seroprevalence among herds of cattle, sheep, and camels in Xinjiang through the use of common diagnostic procedures like the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and PCR. A cross-sectional approach was used to analyze the seroprevalence of brucellosis across 720 total farm animals (320 camels, 250 sheep, and 150 cattle). RBT incidence rate for brucellosis was detected in 60 serum samples, 14 (4.38%) from camels, 45 (18%) from sheep, and 1 (0.67%) from cattle. PCR was performed as a confirmatory approach for these RBT-positive samples, with 55 ultimately being confirmed to be positive 13 (4.06%), 41 (16.4%), and 1 (0.67%) samples from camels, sheep, and cattle, respectively. In this survey, sheep exhibited the highest brucellosis seroprevalence using these two analytical techniques, while cattle exhibited the lowest seroprevalence and camels exhibited an intermediate rate. AMOS-PCR analyses identified Brucella melitensis as the unknown bacterium in some of these samples. These results offer new insight regarding brucellosis seroprevalence among farm animals that can be used to formulate more appropriate prevention and control policies, while also improving awareness of epidemic prevention efforts, the need for routine quarantine and disinfection, the benefits of scientific breeding and management, and approaches to improving breeding efficiency for the camel, cattle, and sheep industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Endocrine function in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) typically differs from those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). However, few epidemiologic studies have explored how these differences impact the association between exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and vitamin D levels. Methods: This study included 1,705 subjects aged 18–79 years from the Henan Rural Cohort [887 NGT and 818 T2DM]. Linear regression was applied to evaluate the associations between PCB exposure and vitamin D levels. Quantile g-computation regression (QG) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were applied to evaluate the impact of PCB mixtures on vitamin D levels. Interaction effects of ΣPCBs with HOMA2-%β and HOMA2-IR on vitamin D levels were assessed. Results: Plasma ΣPCBs was positively associated with 25(OH)D2 in the NGT group (β = 0.060, 95% CI: 0.028, 0.092). Conversely, in T2DM group, ΣPCBs was negatively associated with 25(OH)D3 and 25(OH)D (β = -0.049, 95% CI: -0.072, -0.026; β = -0.043, 95% CI: -0.063, -0.023). Similarly, both QG and BKMR analysis revealed a negative association between PCB mixture exposure and vitamin D levels in the T2DM group, contrary to the results observed in the NGT groups. Furthermore, the negative association of ΣPCBs with 25(OH)D2 and 25(OH)D disappeared or changed to a positive association with the increase of HOMA2-%β levels. Conclusions: These findings suggest that decreased β cell function may exacerbate the negative effects of PCB exposure on vitamin D levels. Recognizing T2DM patients' sensitivity to PCBs is vital for protecting chronic disease health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezoelectric photocatalysis can effectively suppress the recombination of electron holes during the course of photocatalysis, which has been widely applied in environmental and energy catalysis. Its advantage is that when the piezoelectric effect happens, a built-in electric field is formed inside the catalyst, which improves the separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers and obtains more excellent photocatalytic performance. The efficient conversion of mechanical energy to chemical energy can be realized through the synergistic effect of the piezoelectric effect, and photocatalysis is greatly significant in solving the energy crisis and providing environmental protection. Therefore, we organized a more complete review to better understand the mechanism and system of piezoelectric photocatalysis. We briefly introduce the principle of the piezoelectric effect, the existing types of piezoelectric photocatalysts, the practical application scenarios, and the future challenges and feasible methods to improve catalytic efficiency. The purpose of this review is to help us broaden the idea of designing piezoelectric photocatalysts, clarify the future research direction, and put it into more fields of environmental protection and energy reuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Serine/arginine-rich (SR) proteins mostly function as splicing factors for pre-mRNA splicing in spliceosomes and play critical roles in plant development and adaptation to environments. However, detailed study about SR proteins in legume plants is still lacking. In this report, we performed a genome-wide investigation of SR protein genes in wild soybean (Glycine soja) and identified a total of 31 GsSR genes from the wild soybean genome. The analyses of chromosome location and synteny show that the GsSRs are unevenly distributed on 15 chromosomes and are mainly under the purifying selection. The GsSR proteins can be phylogenetically classified into six sub-families and are conserved in evolution. Prediction of protein phosphorylation sites indicates that GsSR proteins are highly phosphorylated proteins. The protein–protein interaction network implies that there exist numerous interactions between GsSR proteins. We experimentally confirmed their physical interactions with the representative SR proteins of spliceosome-associated components such as U1-70K or U2AF35 by yeast two-hybrid assays. In addition, we identified various stress-/hormone-responsive cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of these GsSR genes and verified their expression patterns by RT-qPCR analyses. The results show most GsSR genes are highly expressed in root and stem tissues and are responsive to salt and alkali stresses. Splicing analysis showed that the splicing patterns of GsSRs were in a tissue- and stress-dependent manner. Overall, these results will help us to further investigate the biological functions of leguminous plant SR proteins and shed new light on uncovering the regulatory mechanisms of plant SR proteins in growth, development, and stress responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RAB interacting factor (RABIF) is a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor that also functions as a RAB-stabilizing holdase chaperone. It has been implicated in pathogenesis of several cancers. However, the functional role and molecular mechanism of RABIF in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not entirely known. Here, we demonstrate an upregulation of RABIF in patients with HCC, correlating with a poor prognosis. RABIF inhibition results in decreased HCC cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Our study reveals that depleting RABIF attenuates the STOML2-PARL-PGAM5 axis-mediated mitophagy. Consequently, this reduction in mitophagy results in diminished mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mitoROS) production, thereby alleviating the HIF1α-mediated downregulation of glycolytic genes HK1, HKDC1, and LDHB. Additionally, we illustrate that RABIF regulates glucose uptake by controlling RAB10 expression. Importantly, the knockout of RABIF or blockade of mitophagy sensitizes HCC cells to sorafenib. This study uncovers a previously unrecognized role of RABIF crucial for HCC growth and identifies it as a potential therapeutic target. RABIF upregulation promotes HCC growth, mitophagy, and glycolysis, and enhances sorafenib resistance, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the use of temperature sum models in studying plant spring phenology. These models measure plant development based on temperature-dependent units, such as growing degree hours. The article discusses the limitations of determining the threshold temperature, which represents the lower limit for development, and suggests that it should be estimated for each species. It also examines the implications of using temperature response models as proxies for true physiological responses. The research emphasizes the importance of developing ecophysiological growing degree hour models that consider the unique characteristics of different plant species. Another study focuses on the use of growing degree hour models to predict the timing of spring phenological events in subtropical trees. It finds that using a fixed threshold temperature in these models may lack biological realism, but can still be useful for comparing heat requirements between species or bud types. The authors stress the need for experimental determination of the temperature response and the use of species-specific values in growing degree hour models. [Extracted from the article]

The generation of renewable energy encounters numerous obstacles, chiefly the unpredictability of renewable sources. When new energy generation prediction is lower than expected, it needs to be supplemented by other energy sources, which may lead to instability in the power grid if the deviation is large. When the prediction of new energy generation exceeds expectations, it will lead to energy waste. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Deep Neural Network-based fusion framework, which can improve the prediction accuracy of new energy and achieve a low-carbon, economical, and stable power grid. Within this structure, feature engineering is conducted initially. Subsequently, a combination of traditional tree algorithms like the Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, linear approaches such as the Least Squares Method, and nonlinear neural networks, for instance, Recurrent Neural Networks, are employed for individual model regression purposes. In the final step, both the original time-series data and the outcomes from the individual models are integrated into a deep neural network to derive the ultimate forecasting outcomes. By using our method, the electricity cost has been reduced by 26.5% and the carbon emissions have been decreased by 14.2%. Experiments have been carried out using actual community data, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The findings indicate that the integration of DNN with traditional and modern machine learning techniques can significantly improve the forecasting of renewable energy generation. This advancement contributes to the creation of a more sustainable, economical, and stable power grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) nonlayered metal compounds with porous structure show broad application prospects in electrochemistry‐related fields due to their abundant active sites, open ions/electrons diffusion channels, and faradaic reactions. However, scalable and universal synthesis of 2D porous compounds still remains challenging. Here, inspired by blowing gum, a metal‐organic gel (MOG) rapid redox transformation (MRRT) strategy is proposed for the mass production of a wide variety of 2D porous metal oxides. Adequate crosslinking degree of MOG precursor and its rapid redox with NO3− are critical for generating gas pressure from interior to exterior, thus blowing the MOG into 2D carbon nanosheets, which further act as self‐sacrifice template for formation of oxides with porous and ultrathin structure. The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by the fabrication of 39 metal oxides, including 10 transition metal oxides, one II‐main group oxide, two III‐main group oxides, 22 perovskite oxides, four high‐entropy oxides. As an illustrative verification, the 2D transition metal oxides exhibit excellent capacitive deionization (CDI) performance. Moreover, the assembled CDI cell could act as desalting battery to supply electrical energy during electrode regeneration. This MRRT strategy offers opportunities for achieving universal synthesis of 2D porous oxides with nonlayered structures and studying their electrochemistry‐related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) nonlayered metal compounds with porous structure show broad application prospects in electrochemistry‐related fields due to their abundant active sites, open ions/electrons diffusion channels, and faradaic reactions. However, scalable and universal synthesis of 2D porous compounds still remains challenging. Here, inspired by blowing gum, a metal‐organic gel (MOG) rapid redox transformation (MRRT) strategy is proposed for the mass production of a wide variety of 2D porous metal oxides. Adequate crosslinking degree of MOG precursor and its rapid redox with NO3− are critical for generating gas pressure from interior to exterior, thus blowing the MOG into 2D carbon nanosheets, which further act as self‐sacrifice template for formation of oxides with porous and ultrathin structure. The versatility of this strategy is demonstrated by the fabrication of 39 metal oxides, including 10 transition metal oxides, one II‐main group oxide, two III‐main group oxides, 22 perovskite oxides, four high‐entropy oxides. As an illustrative verification, the 2D transition metal oxides exhibit excellent capacitive deionization (CDI) performance. Moreover, the assembled CDI cell could act as desalting battery to supply electrical energy during electrode regeneration. This MRRT strategy offers opportunities for achieving universal synthesis of 2D porous oxides with nonlayered structures and studying their electrochemistry‐related applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon dots (CDs) possess intrinsically broad emission spectra, making them suitable for modulating high‐quality white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs). However, the chief technical challenge in applying CDs to WLEDs is the aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) effect. A common solution is polymer post‐modification on the surface of CDs, which is a low‐yield, hard‐to‐purified, and complicated process. Herein, polymerized CDs with broad emission (full width at half maxima, FWHM = 187 nm) are synthesized via a one‐step solvothermal method. The obtained polymerized CDs display excellent solution‐processed and film‐forming capabilities, with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield as high as 4.7% in thin film state, creating a firm foundation for assembling solution‐processed WLEDs. Moreover, the polymerization steps of CDs are analyzed and described in detail. The polymer chains prevent ACQ and create new energy levels, resulting in the broad emission of CDs in an aggregated state. Subsequently, WLEDs are fabricated using polymerized CDs as the single active emitting material. The optimal device achieves the maximum brightness of 337.50 cd m−2 and FWHM of 242 nm, covering nearly the entire visible spectral window. The results present a new approach to obtaining polymerized CDs and further fabricating WLED with a straightforward, cost‐effective method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of metamaterials with semiconductors provides a distinct platform for dynamically controlling and manipulating terahertz waves to study the resulting interfacial coupling effects in Schottky junctions. The excellent performance of gallium nitride (GaN) is attributed to its outstanding optoelectronic properties, such as large diffusion lengths, bandgap tunability, and excellent charge carrier mobilities. However, the optoelectronic application of GaN in high-efficiency nanophotonic devices remains challenging. In this study, the remarkable conductivity change of GaN under the excitation of a thermal signal is exploited to demonstrate a hybrid GaN metamaterial device that exhibits sensitive switching of the metamaterial resonance within the terahertz spectrum. Additionally, the variation in temperature dynamically controls the contributions of the multipoles, eventually determining the active switching of the Fano resonance to highly radiative electric dipoles. Low-threshold dynamic control of the highly confined electric field strength is also observed in this system, which will tremendously benefit the new generation of micro–nanophotonic devices as active nonlinear filters and efficient lasers with enhanced functionalities over a broad range of the electromagnetic spectrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]