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Whilst risk prediction for individual prostate cancer (PCa) cases is of a high priority, the current risk stratification indices for PCa management have severe limitations. This study aimed to identify gene copy number alterations (CNAs) with prognostic values and to determine if any combination of gene CNAs could have risk stratification potentials. Clinical and genomic data of 500 PCa cases from the Cancer Genome Atlas stable were retrieved from the Genomic Data Commons and cBioPortal databases. The CNA statuses of a total of 52 genetic markers, including 21 novel markers and 31 previously identified potential prognostic markers, were tested for prognostic significance. The CNA statuses of a total of 51/52 genetic markers were significantly associated with advanced disease at an odds ratio threshold of ≥1.5 or ≤0.667. Moreover, a Kaplan–Meier test identified 27/52 marker CNAs which correlated with disease progression. A Cox Regression analysis showed that the amplification of MIR602 and deletions of MIR602, ZNF267, MROH1, PARP8, and HCN1 correlated with a progression-free survival independent of the disease stage and Gleason prognostic group grade. Furthermore, a binary logistic regression analysis identified twenty-two panels of markers with risk stratification potentials. The best model of 7/52 genetic CNAs, which included the SPOP alteration, SPP1 alteration, CCND1 amplification, PTEN deletion, CDKN1B deletion, PARP8 deletion, and NKX3.1 deletion, stratified the PCa cases into a localised and advanced disease with an accuracy of 70.0%, sensitivity of 85.4%, specificity of 44.9%, positive predictive value of 71.67%, and negative predictive value of 65.35%. This study validated prognostic gene level CNAs identified in previous studies, as well as identified new genetic markers with CNAs that could potentially impact risk stratification in PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau-neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Visceral obesity (VO) is usually associated with low-grade inflammation due to higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by adipose tissue. The objective of the present review was to evaluate the potential link between VO and the development of AD. Tissue hypoxia in obesity promotes tissue injury, production of adipocytokines, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines leading to an oxidative-inflammatory loop with induction of insulin resistance. Importantly, brain insulin signaling is involved in the pathogenesis of AD and lower cognitive function. Obesity and enlargement of visceral adipose tissue are associated with the deposition of Aβ. All of this is consonant with VO increasing the risk of AD through the dysregulation of adipocytokines which affect the development of AD. The activated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway in VO might be a potential link in the development of AD. Likewise, the higher concentration of advanced glycation end-products in VO could be implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Taken together, different inflammatory signaling pathways are activated in VO that all have a negative impact on the cognitive function and progression of AD except hypoxia-inducible factor 1 which has beneficial and neuroprotective effects in mitigating the progression of AD. In addition, VO-mediated hypoadiponectinemia and leptin resistance may promote the progression of Aβ formation and tau phosphorylation with the development of AD. In conclusion, VO-induced AD is mainly mediated through the induction of oxidative stress, inflammatory changes, leptin resistance, and hypoadiponectinemia that collectively trigger Aβ formation and neuroinflammation. Thus, early recognition of VO by visceral adiposity index with appropriate management could be a preventive measure against the development of AD in patients with VO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world. In terms of the diagnosis of lung cancer, combination carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer antigen 125 (CA125) detection had higher sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios than CEA detection alone. Most individuals with elevated serum CA125 levels had lung cancer that was either in stage 3 or stage 4. Serum CA125 levels were similarly elevated in lung cancer patients who also had pleural effusions or ascites. Furthermore, there is strong evidence that human lung cancer produces CA125 in vitro, which suggests that other clinical illnesses outside of ovarian cancer could also be responsible for the rise of CA125. MUC16 (CA125) is a natural killer cell inhibitor. As a screening test for lung and ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis in the early stages, CA125 has been widely used as a marker in three different clinical settings. MUC16 mRNA levels in lung cancer are increased regardless of gender. As well, increased expression of mutated MUC16 enhances lung cancer cells proliferation and growth. Additionally, the CA125 serum level is thought to be a key indicator for lung cancer metastasis to the liver. Further, CA125 could be a useful biomarker in other cancer types diagnoses like ovarian, breast, and pancreatic cancers. One of the important limitations of CA125 as a first step in such a screening technique is that up to 20% of ovarian tumors lack antigen expression. Each of the 10 possible serum markers was expressed in 29–100% of ovarian tumors with minimal or no CA125 expression. Therefore, there is a controversy regarding CA125 in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer and other cancer types. In this state, preclinical and clinical studies are warranted to elucidate the clinical benefit of CA125 in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nasal hematomas can occur after nasal trauma. It can involve the septal, alar, or all levels, with the septum being the most commonly affected site. We present a case of alar hematoma in a five-year-old boy after nasal trauma. The patient came to the emergency room complaining of nasal pain, epistaxis, and nasal deformity. A complete ear, nose, and throat examination was performed, and X-ray and computed tomography imaging of the facial bone were done to confirm the presence of a nasal alar hematoma. The alar hematoma was successfully treated via surgical evacuation. Alar cartilage hematoma is a rare entity that can lead to undesirable complications when missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion during the neonatal period and early infancy is associated with a high rate of shunt failure when compared to the adult population. Furthermore, the function of flow-regulated valves and differential pressure valves may be different in neonatal hydrocephalus. Methods: A retrospective case series of all primary shunt procedures carried out during or immediately following the neonatal period, from August 2011 to February 2018 at Sheffield Children's Hospital. The total sample size was 55. This included 34 patients with adjustable valves (Miethke ProGav) and 21 with flow-regulated valves (Orbis-Sigma); however, only 53 had adequate follow-up. Results: The overall 1 year shunt survival was 34% (18/53), and there was no significant difference depending on which shunt valve was implanted. The primary shunt infection rate was 11% (6/53) with S. aureus being the most common causative organism. During the first year of life, clinical signs of shunt overdrainage were seen more frequently in patients with adjustable valves than in those with flow-regulated valves (59% [19/32] versus 24% [5/21], p = 0.02). Furthermore, 2 patients in the adjustable valve group developed sagittal craniosynostosis secondary to shunt overdrainage. Conclusion: Shunt failure is high when inserted during or immediately following the neonatal period. Overdrainage may be less common in patients with flow-regulated valves. However, if overdrainage is observed, adjusting the setting of a differential pressure valve can effectively treat the overdrainage without the need for invasive shunt revision surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To assess patients’ awareness of the indications and complications of sleeve gastrectomy in King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: The cross‑sectional study conducted from December 2017 to May 2018 in KKUH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia included all patients aged 18 years and older. Data collection was conducted through self‑administered questionnaires. Chi‑square test was performed to determine the significant differences between variables. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Of 480 participants, 247 (51.5%) of them were male. The educational level of most was bachelor’s degree (253; 52.7%). Most of the participants (326; 67.9%) are not aware about BMI. However, 80 (16.7%) participants knew the true answer to obese BMI. Of the total participants, 283 (59.0%) did not knew about sleeve gastrectomy indications; however, 311 (64.8%) of the participants had heard about the complications of sleeve gastrectomy. All these results are correlated with the educational level of the participants. Conclusion: Our study shows a lack of awareness of sleeve gastrectomy indications and complications among study population. We need to increase public awareness about sleeve gastrectomy indications and complication by proper scientific health education in the community [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The three-dimensional finite element stress analysis method was used to determine the pattern and concentration of stresses within the Screw-Vent⇔ endosseous implant and its supporting tissues. For this commercially pure titanium implant, maximum stresses were located within the implant collar immediately below the bony crest. These stresses were at least 18 times less than the endurance limit of commercially pure titanium (259.90 MPa). Maximum stresses (19.57 MPa) in the bone were lingual to the superior portion of the collar. Previous longitudinal radiographic studies of a similar implant have revealed bone loss mesial and distal to the implant. For the Screw-Vent, mesial and distal stresses (maximum 0.38 MPa) were much lower than those buccal and lingual to the implant. The clinical significance of the stress transfer to the bone buccal and lingual to the implant has yet to be determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium-silicate cement mainly based on dicalcium-silicate (C2S) was synthesized by the mean of solid state reaction. Beta-C3P was added to C2S to obtain C2S-C3P. Zinc oxide and bismuth oxide was incorporated to prepare radioc cement. In this work, the bioactivity and the mechanical strength of the synthesized cement were investigated. The in vitro test was carried out by immersion of cement pastilles in the artificial saliva in different periods from 4 hours to 30 days. Whereas the mechanical strength of some samples was operated at 28 and 72 days. The specimens are characterized by X-ray diffraction , Infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that hydroxyapatite may appear after 24 hours of soaking; it was also shown that the presence of C3P with a small amount of the cement can enhance the bioactivity and develop more resistance strength of cement. Moreover, the addition of zinc oxide and bismuth oxide increase the radiopacity of the cement. However, the mechanical strength enhances with the incorporation of the zinc oxide while decrease with bismuth oxide. It was concluded then that there is possibility of combining addition of C3P (10%) and an agent radiopacifiers ZnO/Bi2O3 (15%) with small amounts on C2S to obtain a cement with excellent bioactivity, good mechanical strength and significante radiopacity that makes this material a great candidate as a biomaterial for biomedical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exact analytical results are derived for the coupled system of nondissipative single mode quantized harmonic oscillator (HO) and arbitrary pulse shape. Specifically, for a sin2-pulse shape, the transient fluorescent spectrum is obtained in the general case of initial coherent state |α〉 of the HO. The dominant central Lorentzian is surrounded by weak oscillations due to the larger number of sequential pulses which get amplified asymmetrically in the nonresonant case as a result of balancing and interference processes between the initial excitation (|α2|) and the strength of the exciting pulse. Further pronounced oscillations is noticed with "hole burning" structure in the central peak due to nonzero phase of the initial amplitude (α). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of African Journal of Cancer / Journal Africain du Cancer is the property of Lavoisier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Clear cell meningiomas are rare meningioma variants and are recognized as World Health Organization grade II tumours. They may be difficult to manage given their propensity to recur early especially if present in surgically challenging locations. We describe a rare case of a fourth ventricular clear cell meningioma without dural attachment in a 14-year-old boy with an unusual presentation of failure to thrive. The case is presented in detail and a review of the recent literature is discussed. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To analyze the indication, complications and outcome of vagus nerve stimulation in intractable childhood epilepsy. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 69 children who had insertion of vagal nerve stimulator (VNS) between June 1995 and August 2006 for medically intractable epilepsy. Outcome was based on the Engel's classification. Statistical analysis of the data was also done to see if any of the parameters significantly influenced the outcome. Thirty-eight patients (55.08 %) had a satisfactory outcome (Engel class I, II or III), and in 31 patients (44.92 %), there was no worthwhile improvement of seizures (Engel class IV). There was no statistical significance between the type of seizure and outcome (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.351). Statistical analysis also showed that the following parameters did not significantly influence the outcome ( p > 0.05): age at insertion of VNS, age of first fit, duration between first fit and insertion of VNS and the length of follow-up. Complications included infection, lead fracture, fluid collection around the stimulator, neck pain and difficulty swallowing. Vagus nerve stimulation is a relatively safe and potentially effective treatment for children with medically intractable epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and method were to assess the current practice in paediatric tumour management by the departments of neurosurgery and oncology, compare these with nationally agreed recommendations and examine for areas of improvement. Patient records were identified from departmental databases - 30 patients treated from October 2004 to May 2006. Factors assessed included reatment timelines (e.g., referral to admission and imaging, admission to surgery, surgery to further treatment), imaging, MDT discussion, and paediatric neurosurgery & neuro-oncology treatments. Of acute referrals, all patients were admitted within 2 days. All surgery was undertaken by a dedicated paediatric neurosurgeon with paediatric anaesthesia. All cases were discussed in a neuro-oncology MDT prior to surgery and 97% after surgery. In the first 6-months 57% received adjuvant treatment within 40 days; in the remaining period this improved to 91%. When measured against recognised benchmark standards, the SCH paediatric neuro-oncology service appears satisfactory. This study has identified the need to improve certain aspects of care to offer further improvements to the specialist service delivered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples with the chemical formula Cul-x ZnxFe2 04 (x=0. 2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 & 1) were prepared by the standard ceramic method The electric conductivity and dielectric loss tangent were studied as a function of vacancy jump rate. The results show that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss tangent decrease with increasing vacancy jump rate. In addition, the electron jump length in the octahedral sites was studied as aflinclion of zinc concentration. The increase of the jump length with Zn concentration has been attributed to the substitution of Fe+3 for Zn2+ at the A-sites which increases the B-B interaction. The increase of diffusion coefficient with increasing Zn concentration was reinforced by the increase of jump rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The natural history of Chiari malformation and our ability to alter it is poorly understood, and reported results of hindbrain decompression show high recurrence rates. We report 11 years of experience of hindbrain decompression, to evaluate long-term outcome related to surgical technique. The results of patients who underwent hindbrain decompression between 1994 and 2005 were retrospectively analysed. We identified 96 patients from operative records and reviewed all clinical records for presenting symptomatology and examination findings. Decompression technique includes traditional decompression, duraplasty and bone - only decompression. Symptoms at the last available follow-up visit were defined by the assessing clinician as resolved, improved, unchanged or worse. There were 35 males and 61 females with a mean age of 33 years (range 6 - 62 years). The mean length of follow-up is 3.6 years with a range of 6 months to 9 years. Postoperative resolution or improvement in symptoms was seen in 75 patients (78%). Drop attacks and headaches were the most likely to respond to hindbrain decompression, showing improvement or resolution in 100 and 92% of cases. Dysaesthetic arm pain and weakness carried the worse prognosis with only 20% having symptom resolution. Sixteen patients had only bony decompression leaving the dura intact. In eight patients (66%) the headaches resolved following bony decompression alone. However the headaches were unchanged in 25% of cases. Dysaesthetic pain and weakness was unchanged in 60%. Restoration of CSF flow dynamics at the foramen magnum by surgical decompression does not consistently result in resolution of symptoms in all patients. Identification of predictors of successful outcome following decompression, coupled with early intervention and appropriate choice of procedure may result in improved outcomes. Although this is a retrospective study it suggests that bone only decompression should be reserved for patients with isolated headache. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory inflammation and hyperresponsiveness caused by various pathological stimulants and microbial infections are associated with excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in airway epithelial and phagocytic cells. For example, in viral pneumonia caused by influenza and Sendai virus, NO contributes critically to inflammatory processes and pathological exacerbation in the airway. NO-mediated respiratory complications may be dependent on the complex reactions of NO, with simultaneously produced superoxide forming several reactive nitrogen species, most notably ONOO−. These reactive nitrogen oxides can react with biologically important proteins, enzymes, lipids, and nucleic acids via oxidation, nitration, or nitrosylation reactions, producing nitrative stress. Recent studies indicate that nitrative stress is involved in inflammation by a number of mechanisms including modulation of host immune response, destruction of tissue architecture, activation or inactivation of enzymes and transcription factors, and so on. There is accumulating evidence for the involvement of NO and nitrative stress in respiratory diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of NO-induced and nitrative stress-mediated respiratory inflammation and pathogenesis during respiratory viral infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nutritional rickets remains prevalent in many developing countries, despite the availability of ample sunlight. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and chemical pathology in a group of children with rickets and to compare them with a control group. Subjects and Methods: In a case-control study over a 1-year period (March 2004 to February 2005), children clinically diagnosed with rickets (n=61) were age- and sex-matched with controls (n=58). In addition to routine chemical pathology, 25 (OH) vitamin D3 and parathormone (PTH) were determined. Controls were children without clinical rickets attending hospital for other blood investigations. Results: The mean age of children with rickets was 14.8 mths and of controls was 16.5 mths. Mean (SD) body mass index of the children with rickets [16.8 (1.86)] was not significantly different from that of the controls [17.02 (3.16)]. Mean (SD) head circumference of rachitic children [45.41 (3.64) cm] was greater than that of controls [44.39 (5.07) cm, p=0.03]. Eighty per cent of the children with rickets were breastfed compared with 67% of controls. Thirty per cent of children with rickets were hypocalcaemic vs <7% of controls, 89% had phosphorus values <1.5 mmol/L vs 34.5% of controls and 75% had alkaline phosphatise levels >500 IU/L vs 28% of controls. Seventy-five per cent of children with rickets had serum 25 (OH) D3 <20 nmol/L vs 25% of controls. Mean (SD) PTH level was 23.59 (19.03) pmol/L in the rachitic group and 1.9 (1.05) pmol/L in controls (p<0.05). Lack of exposure to sunlight was recorded in 90% of the children with rickets and in 37% of the controls. Conclusion: Apparently healthy children living in areas where rickets is prevalent have risk factors for rickets and a small proportion will have evidence of biochemical rickets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant gliomas of the brain typically exhibit on CT or MRI a strong peripheral contrast enhancement area with a variable central zone of necrosis. These tumours are not known to change their radiological appearance and contrast enhancement pattern under systemic steroid treatment - a feature usually associated with primary CNS lymphoma. We report two cases of adult patients withglioblastoma multiformeand atypical hemispherical contrast enhancement initially demonstrated on MRI or CT, which disappeared after dexamethasone administration. At the same time, however, another tumour focus became visible, in both cases localised in the corpus callosum. Histological diagnosis was confirmed by stereotactic biopsy in both cases. This unusual changing pattern of contrast enhancement seems to be associated with multifocal malignant glioma with partial blood-brain barrier disruption modified by dexamethasone, and may present diagnostic difficulties in respect to neuroimaging and selection of target areas for tumour biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a quantitative description of tempromandibular joint (TMJ) sounds provided by a rule-based classification system based on sound classification by three dentists, who listened to and classified the sound recordings as no sound, click, coarse crepitus and fine crepitus. The sounds were recorded with microphones in the ear canal from 126 subjects during vertical opening, digitized at 15 000 Hz, and replayed using a computer sound card and speakers. The dentists’ classification of a test set resulted in intra- and inter-tester j values ranging from 0·71 to 0·81 and 0·61–0·73, respectively. Pooled j values for the dentists and the dentists plus the rules were 0·67 and 0·58, respectively, which were not significantly different in terms of the sound features on which the rules were based (P = 0·13). Linear discriminant analysis showed the four TMJ sound types were significantly different (P < 0·001). The performance of the rules was equivalent to the dentists and marginally better than the linear discriminant functions (P = 0·08), establishing the validity of the quantitative descriptions they provide. The recording and rebroadcast methodology produced sounds very similar to those observed in the clinic and could be used to train clinicians in classifying TMJ sounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of market-ready chicken muscle and liver from 32 local broiler farms were first screened for antibiotic residues by microbiological assay. The antibiotic-residue-positive muscles and livers from 22 farms were further analysed for norfloxacin (NFX) residues by high performance liquid chromatography. NFX was detected in 35.0% and 56.7% of raw antibiotic-residue-positive muscles and livers, respectively. The NFX-positive muscles and livers were respectively obtained from 11 (50.0%) and 14 (63.6%) of the 22 antibiotic-residue-positive farms. Since the maximum residue limit (MRL) for NFX has not yet been fixed, the MRL for enrofloxacin was used in the study. All NFX-positive farms had mean raw tissue levels, which were 2.7- to 34.3-fold higher than the MRL. Although cooking markedly reduced NFX tissue concentrations, mean detectable levels remained above MRL in large proportions of NFX-positive samples and farms. Susceptibility patterns of Enterobacteriaceae isolates from chicken and human patients to NFX showed alarmingly high rates of resistance in chicken isolates especially among Escherichia coli (45.9%) and Pseudomonas spp. (70.6%) compared with patients' isolates (10.5% and 18.2%, respectively). The study reveals widespread misuse of NFX in the local poultry industry, which may pose a major risk to public health including possible stimulation of bacterial resistance and hypersensitivity reactions to fluoroquinolones. More prudent use of fluoroquinolones in food-producing animals is therefore recommended. Further, there is a need to establish MRL values for NFX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from faecal samples from 117 poultry industry workers, 100 patients and119 healthy chicken were compared. Resistance of E. coli chicken isolates to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, spectinomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim + sulphamethoxazole (TMP + SMX) (range 57% - 99.1%) were significantly higher than those isolated from patients (range 21.9% - 71.4%) and workers (range 35% - 71.8%). However, for drugs not used in poultry, such as amoxicillin + cluvalanate (AMX + CLV), ceftazidime and nitrofurantoin, resistance rates of chicken isolates (range 0% - 2.6%) were significantly lower than those of patient isolates (range 8.7% - 30%). Resistance to spectinomycin reached 96% in E. coli chicken isolates and 71% in organisms isolated from humans. Use of this drug in Saudi Arabia is mostly limited to veterinary purposes. Multidrug resistance is alarmingly high in all groups but was highest in chicken isolates (77.4%). Serotyping of E. coli isolates showed that 27% of the organisms isolated from patients were overlapping with 10.9% of the chicken isolates, indicating the possibility of chicken being a source of the resistance pool for humans. We therefore call for the banning of antibiotics in the poultry industry as growth promoters and recommend that their use be restricted to treating infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a parallelization of the simplex method for linear programming. Current implementations of the simplex method on sequential computers are based on a triangular factorization of the inverse of the current basis. An alternative decomposition designed for parallel computation, called the quadrant interlocking factorization, has previously been proposed for solving linear systems of equations. This research presents the theoretical justification and algorithms required to implement this new factorization in a simplex-based linear programming system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An abstract is presented on the topic of the connection between wear facets, bruxism, and the level of facial pain among temporomandibular disorder sufferers.

Background: Ovarian cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer death among women in western Africa, with about 3820 new cases and 2912 cancer deaths in 2012 (GLOBOCAN 2012). Aim: The current study aims to estimate the incidence and determine the epidemiologic characteristics of ovarian cancer in Niger. Methods: This is a descriptive retrospective analysis of ovarian cancer cases, reported between 1992 and 2009 to the Niger Cancer Registry, established in 1992, in the Faculty of Health Sciences at the Abdou Moumouni University in Niamey. Results: There were 363 cases diagnosed with ovarian cancer in Niger, accounting for 8.8% of all cancer cases in women reported during 1992-2009. During this period, ovarian cancer was the third most common cancer after breast and cervical cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death after breast and liver cancer in women. In 2009, the incidence of ovarian cancer was 4.9 new cases per 100,000 women and the number of deaths was 5.6 per 1,000,000 women. The average age at diagnosis of ovarian cancer was 42 ± 16 years (range 6-85 years). The risk of developing ovarian cancer is strongly related to age, with 13.2% of new ovarian cancer cases diagnosed in women younger than 25 years, 77.7% in those aged 25-64 years and 9.1% in those aged 65 years and over. Most ovarian cancers were cystadenocarcinomas. Among the cases for whom the outcome was known, 11.3% died during the study period, accounting for 9.3% of all female cancer deaths in Niger. Conclusion: The most recent estimates of ovarian cancer incidence and mortality in the world reveal sharp differences between developed and developing countries possibly related to missed opportunities for early diagnosis and incomplete reporting of ovarian cancer in Western Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]