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Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising electrolytes and many efforts have been made in basic scientific research as well as in applied research. In this contribution, we synthesised a variety of partly novel phosphonium ILs with different anions as well as with different compositions and lengths of the side chains of the cations. We measured a variety of their important transport properties such as viscosity, conductivity and diffusivity by means of stress-controlled rheology, impedance spectroscopy and PFGSTE NMR diffusometry. The results are analysed with respect to different models for derivation from ideal behaviours such as the ionicity and the (fractional) Walden rule depending on their molecular structure. These models are well established in the literature and are herein applied to rarely investigated but promising phosphonium ILs, with a particular emphasis placed on the effect of ether side chains. In comparison, the models show a qualitative correlation but distinct deviation in the quantification especially in the temperature dependent values and with other IL systems. These results aim to facilitate a better understanding of the IL properties depending on the molecular composition and by this way help to choose the ILs with optimal properties for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the occurrence of alkaloids winkleridine, condelphine, and acochlearine from the aerial parts of plants Consolida anthoroidea and Delphinium linearilobum. It highlights the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of spiratine and acochlearine, which are two very rare compounds from both plants. The crude alkaloid extract obtained from both plants are presented.

The article reports on the identification of norditerpenoid alkaloids from the dried and aerial parts of Delphinium cinereum collected near fields and roadsides in Antalya-Akseki in Turkey. This is the second time the occurrence of N-deethylperegrine alcohol in a plant is reported. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data of the isolated alkaloids are presented and the NMR spectra are recorded.

Three norditerpenoid alkaloids, delphatine (1), delcaroline (2), and browniine (3), and three diterpenoid alkaloids, hetisine (4), dehydronapelline (5), and 12-epidehydronapelline (6), have been isolated and identified from the aerial parts of Consolida olopetala (Boiss.) Hayek (Ranunculaceae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the aerial parts of Delphinium schmalhausenii six norditerpenoid alkaloids gigactonine, lycoctonine, anthranoyllycoctonine, delsemine A, delsemine B, N-acetyldelectine and a diterpenoid alkaloid septatisine were isolated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates alkaloids content from the roots of Aconitum anthora and aerial parts of Dephinium kurdicum. It is in inferred that both species are considered as toxic plants because of the diterpenoid alkaloids they contain, which are neurotoxic agents and may cause cardiotonics, febrifuges, sedatives, and anodynes. Flash chromatography on a silicagel column with petroleum ether was used to separate crude alkaloid extract from aerial parts of Delphinium kurdicum.

The article offers information on the alkaloids extracted from Consolida thirkeana and Consolida sulphurea obtained from Turkey. It states that methyllycaconitine, neoline, benzoylneoline, and leucanthumsine were obtained from Consolida thirkeana. It mentions that from the extract of Consolida sulphurea the obtained crude alkaloids include toluene, browniine, and gigactonine. It says that the extracts are known for its analgesic, sedatives, and emetics effect.

Samples (633) of final coffee products were drawn from the markets of different European countries relative to the market share of each product type and brand. These samples were analysed in a cooperative action with nine different laboratories. With low limits of detection (mean detection limit ~~ 0.5 ng/g) no OTA was found in over half of the samples (334 negatives). In the remaining samples occurrence of OTA at a rather low level was seen. Only four samples (all instants) exceeded a level of 10 ng/g, whereas for both instants, and roast and grounds (R & G), over three quarters of the samples were in the range from nondetectable to 1 ng/g. The overall mean for all R & Gs was 0.8ng/g and for all instant 1.3 ng/g (for samples in which no OTA was detected, half of the detection limit was included in this calculation). In the brewing methods frequently used in Europe the OTA is essentially fully extracted. Consumption of four cups of coffee per day (~~24 g R & G or ~~8 g instant coffee) contributes on average 19 or 10 ng/day respectively. Four cups/day is above the per caput consumption level in most European countries. Compared with the provisional tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) recently set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives at 100 ng/kg bodyweight/week, consumption of 28 cups/week contributes up to 2% to the PTWI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]