Search

Copper/steel bimetallic composites were made by using cold metal transfer wire and arc additive manufacturing (CMT-WAAM) with 1.2 mm diameter ER120S-G high-strength steel and 1.2 mm diameter ERCuSi-A silicon bronze welding wires. Based on the optimal tensile strength, the optimal CMT additive parameters of the copper layer were determined by the single-factor method under the conditions of the fixed steel layer process parameters of a 100 A welding current and 550 mm/min welding speed. The interfacial behavior of copper/steel bimetallic composites with the optimum parameters was investigated in particular. The results show that the optimum CMT additive process parameters for depositing a copper layer on a steel layer are a welding current of 100 A and a welding speed of 500 mm/min. The steel side consists mainly of martensite and ferrite, and the copper side consists of α-Cu matrix, Cu3Si, and Cu15Si4 reinforcing phases. The composite interfacial region is mainly composed of the FeSi2 reinforcing phase. At the optimum parameters, the ultimate tensile strength of the composites can reach 404 MPa with a ductile fracture on the copper side. Under the optimum parameters, the microhardness of the composites declines gradually from the steel side to the copper side, and the microhardness at the interface is higher than that at copper side, reaching 190 HV. In addition, the corrosion current density of the copper-side metal is 2.035 × 10−6 A·cm−2, and the corrosion current density of the steel-side metal is 7.304 × 10−6 A·cm−2. The corrosion resistance of the copper-side metal is higher than that of the steel-side metal. The CMT-WAAM process can produce copper/steel bimetallic composites with excellent comprehensive performance. The advantage of material integration makes it a broad application prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mule duck is vitally important to the production of global duck meat. Here, we present two high-quality haplotypes of a female mule duck (haplotype 1 (H1):1.28 Gb, haplotype 2 (H2): 1.40 Gb). The continuity (H1: contig N50 = 14.90 Mb, H2: contig N50 = 15.70 Mb) and completeness (BUSCO: H1 = 96.9%, H2 = 97.3%) are substantially better than those of other duck genomes. We detected the structural variations (SVs) in H1 and H2. We observed a positive correlation between autosome length and the number of SVs. Z chromosome was some deficient in deletions and insertions, but W chromosome was some excessive. A total of 1,451 genes were haplotype specific expression (HSEs). Among them, 737 specifically expressed in H1, and 714 specifically expressed in H2. We found that H1 and H2 HSEs tended to be involved in similar biological processes, such as myometrial relaxation and contraction pathways, muscle structure development and phosphorylation. Our haplotype-resolved genome assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in mule duck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring N‐type High‐entropy materials with both high thermoelectric and mechanical properties is highly desirable for all‐high‐entropy thermoelectric generators (TEGs) since the thermoelectric and mechanical properties of N‐type one are largely behind its P‐type counterparts. Herein, a new rock‐salt structure N‐type high entropy thermoelectric AgBiPbSe2S is introduced with a bandgap of ≈0.43 eV. The atomic radii difference of each component results in a large lattice distortion of 0.246, leading to a low thermal conductivity of 0.36 W m−1 K−1 at 823 K. The figure of merit (ZT) reaches 0.6 for AgBiPbSe2S at 823 K. Moreover, Ag2Se precipitates are included in AgBiPbSe2S to filter low energy carriers for high Seebeck coefficients and to scatter phonons with nanoscale wavelength for ultralow lattice thermal conductivities. Consequently, a peak ZT of ≈1.18 at 823 K and an average ZT of 0.60 at 400–823 K are obtained for Ag1.02BiPbSe2S. More importantly, high mechanical properties are also obtained in Ag1.02BiPbSe2S, of which the Vickers hardness and flexural strength are ≈209 Hv and 32 MPa, respectively, originating from the enhanced lattice friction by chemical short‐range disorder (i.e., high entropy effect) and dispersion strengthening caused by Ag2Se nanoprecipitates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stems of Cynomorium songaricum are used in traditional Chinese medicine as a tonic and also used locally as a food material and livestock feed. It is known that some of the falvan‐3‐ol monomers and dimers that entered the milk of dairy sheep fed with C. songaricum stems are biotransformation products of the original flavan‐3‐ol polymers in C. songaricum stems. This study was performed to investigate the biotransformation process of the flavan‐3‐ols in dairy sheep and to evaluate the bioactivities. The results showed that procyanidin A2 and epicatechin could be released from the polymeric flavan‐3‐ols of C. songaricum through rumen microbial metabolism. On traumatic and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced inflammation models of Tg (mpx: EGFP) zebrafish larvae and LPS‐induced liver injury models of Tg (fabp10a: DsRed) zebrafish larvae, the milk from sheep fed with C. songaricum stems showed stronger anti‐inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities compared to blank milk. The absorbed chemical constituents of C. songaricum stems and the metabolites also exhibited anti‐inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities, with the dimeric flavan‐3‐ols being more effective than the monomers. The milk, the absorbed chemical constituents of C. songaricum stems, and the metabolites alleviated the increased level of reactive oxygen species induced by LPS in zebrafish larvae. Practical Application: This study found that C. songaricum stems as livestock feed could produce milk that has a beneficial impact on consumer and livestock health in terms of anti‐inflammation and hepatoprotection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of calcined coal gangue (CCG) and limestone for the preparation of blended cement is an efficient approach to address the issue of coal gangue disposal. However, the compressive strength development of blended cement is slow, particularly at high substitution levels of CCG. Therefore, this study aimed to promote the hydration and mechanical properties of the calcined coal gangue–limestone blended cements by increasing the curing temperature. In this study, the samples were cured at two different temperatures, namely 20 and 40 °C. The four groups of samples contained 15 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 45 wt.% and 60 wt.% cement substitutions using CCG and limestone (2:1 mass ratio). The compressive strength, hydration and microstructure were investigated at the ages of 1 to 28 d. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry (TG) were used to study the hydration behavior of samples. Mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to determine the microstructure of the samples. The results indicate that an increase in curing temperature significantly promotes the compressive strength of the calcined coal gangue–limestone blended cements from 1 to 28 d. The microstructural analysis indicates that increasing the curing temperature not only promotes cement hydration but also facilitates the reaction of CCG, which precipitated more hydrates such as C-A-S-H gel, Hc and Mc. These hydrates are conducive to refining the pore structures and densifying the microstructure, which sufficiently explains the enhanced compressive strength of the calcined coal gangue–limestone blended cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The development of ovarian follicles is mainly regulated by the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) released by the pituitary gland. FSH acts on the granulosa cell receptor FSHR to regulate oocyte development, follicular maturation, and ovulation. In this study, the optimal dose of FSH for promoting granulosa cells was explored by combining massively parallel sheep genome CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening and transcriptome analysis. The CRISPR-Cas9 knockout libraries were designed on Chr 2, 3 and X and the sheep granulosa cell libraries were knocked out. This may be the first time that two methods have been combined to identify new FSH-responsive genes and pathways not foreseen in previous studies. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) regulates ovarian follicle development through specific gene expression programs. Granulosa cells (GCs) are somatic cells surrounding the oocytes, secreting gonadotropins to regulate ovulation and promote follicular development. By analyzing the effects of different doses of FSH on the proliferation of GCs, we found that adding 10 ng/mL of FSH, as the optimal concentration, could promote the growth of GCs. Furthermore, we have successfully constructed the first CRISPR-Cas9 knockout library targeting the genes on chromosomes 2 and 3 and the X chromosomes of the sheep massively parallel coding gene, as well as an ovarian GCs knockout cell library. For the first time, we have exposed the knockout cell library to a concentration of 10 ng/mL FSH to explore the underlying mechanisms. Through this screening, we have identified 836 positive–negative screening genes that are responsive to FSH, thereby revealing the regulatory mechanisms and screening the functionality of candidate genes. Next, RNA-Seq of control (0 ng/mL), low (10 ng/mL), and high (100 ng/mL) doses of FSH revealed 1708 differentially expressed genes, and combined with 836 genes, we obtained 129 FSH dose-dependent genes with extremely significant differences. This enables us to delve deeper into investigating and identifying the mechanisms by which FSH regulates GCs. More generally, we have discovered new regulatory factors and identified reproductivity-associated major effectors. These findings provide novel research directions for further studies on sheep reproduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the output feedback optimal consensus tracking control problem for a class of nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) with unknown internal dynamics and input saturation. Firstly, an adaptive observer is designed to reconstruct the unmeasurable states using neural networks (NNs) based on the augmented dynamic model. Subsequently, a novel distributed feedforward controller is proposed using the backstepping method, where an auxiliary state is introduced to deal with the input saturation problem. Unlike the traditional recursive design technique, the procedures we take can reduce the consensus tracking control problem into the optimal regulation issue, which is then solved by the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) method. Therefore, the designed consensus control protocol consists of a distributed feedforward controller and a distributed optimal feedback controller. Moreover, the stability of the MASs is guaranteed by the Lyapunov theory. Numerical simulation on multi-missile guidance problem demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As more and more of the available genomic data have been published, several databases have been developed for deciphering early mammalian embryogenesis; however, less research has been conducted on the regulation of the expression of natural immunity genes during early embryonic development in dairy cows. To this end, we explored the regulatory mechanism of innate immunity genes at the whole-genome level. Based on comparative genomics, 1473 innate immunity genes in cattle were obtained by collecting the latest reports on human innate immunity genes and updated bovine genome data for comparison, and a preliminary database of bovine innate immunity genes was constructed. In order to determine the regulatory mechanism of innate immune genes in dairy cattle early embryos, we conducted weighted co-expression network analysis of the innate immune genes at different developmental stages of dairy cattle early embryos. The results showed that specific module-related genes were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed gene interactions in each specific module, and 10 of the highest connectivity genes were chosen as potential hub genes. Finally, combined with the results for differential expressed genes (DEGs), ATF3, IL6, CD8A, CD69, CD86, HCK, ERBB3, LCK, ITGB2, LYN, and ERBB2 were identified as the key genes of innate immunity in dairy cattle early embryos. In conclusion, the bovine innate immunity gene set was determined and the co-expression network of innate immunity genes in the early embryonic stage of dairy cattle was constructed by comparing and analyzing the whole genome of bovines and humans. The findings in this study provide the basis for exploring the involvement and regulation of innate immune genes in the early embryonic development of dairy cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The numerous defect‐induced non‐radiative recombination losses and residual stress in the preparation of perovskite film greatly hinder the further improvement of the efficiency and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a natural spice 7‐amino‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)‐2‐benzopyrone (ATB) containing amino (─NH2), carbonyl (─C═O), and trifluoromethyl (─CF3) functional groups is introduced into the perovskite precursor solution, thereby preparing high‐quality perovskite film with low defect density. It is revealed that the utilization of ATB is beneficial to comprehensively passivate the defects and release the residual stress of perovskite film through the synergistic effect of functional groups, thereby improving the crystallinity and enhancing the carrier lifetime of perovskite film. Moreover, the introduction of ATB contributes to an improved energy levels alignment between the perovskite and adjacent layers, which facilitates fast carrier transport and suppresses the recombination loss in the flexible PSCs. Combined with the multifunctional effects of ATB, the target flexible and rigid PSCs with ATB modification yield remarkable photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.08% and 23.79%, respectively. More importantly, the ATB‐modified flexible device exhibits outstanding stability and retains 87.3% and 91.6% of the original efficiency after aging for 3000 h at 50 ± 5 relative humidity and 5000 bending cycles, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visualization of photothermal therapy mediated by photothermal transduction agents (PTAs) is important to promote individual treatment of patients with low side effects. Photoacoustic detection has emerged as a promising noninvasive method for the visualization of PTAs distribution but still has limitations in temperature measurement, including poor measurement accuracy and low tissue penetration depth. In this study, we developed biocompatible semiconducting polymer dots (SPD) for in situ coupling of photothermal and photoacoustic detection in the near-infrared II window. SPD has dual photostability under pulsed laser and continuous-wave laser irradiation with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 42.77%. Meanwhile, a strong correlation between the photoacoustic signal and the actual temperature of SPD can be observed. The standard deviation of SPD-mediated photoacoustic thermometry can reach 0.13 °C when the penetration depth of gelatin phantom is 9.49 mm. Preliminary experimental results in vivo show that SPD-mediated photoacoustic signal has a high signal-to-noise ratio, as well as good performance in temperature response and tumor enrichment. Such a study not only offers a new nanomaterial for the visualization of photothermal therapy but will also promote the theranostic platform for clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 lockdowns have transitioned to a new normal and triggered commodity supply disruption and trade uncertainty, yet little is known about the seafood trade resilience of developing and developed countries amid pandemic-related shocks. Here, employing a newly developed geographical transition-net model, we simulate a set of idealized lockdown scenarios in a real-world seafood network. The results show that (1) even if restrictions from regions with high strictness policies were eventually lifted globally at the end of 2022, the pandemic-induced disruption will continue to affect global seafood trade until 2030, and the annual growth rate of the global seafood market would be around 1% lower than that during 2006–2019; (2) Due to the continued high level of stringency in China in 2022 and the soaring demand of seafood in the developed countries in the post-COVID-19 era, developed countries are increasingly reliant on their intra-regional trade until 2030; (3) The global seafood supply chains will magnify export losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19, and there would be 17 to 57 million people in the developing countries in 2030 facing seafood supply shortage. The new long-term challenge is to call for the multilateral cooperation of major exporters for global seafood trade recovery. Our study provides a new perspective to evaluate the economic impact of COVID-19 as well as the cascading effect caused by the supply-chain linkages in the global seafood system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 lockdowns have transitioned to a new normal and triggered commodity supply disruption and trade uncertainty, yet little is known about the seafood trade resilience of developing and developed countries amid pandemic-related shocks. Here, employing a newly developed geographical transition-net model, we simulate a set of idealized lockdown scenarios in a real-world seafood network. The results show that (1) even if restrictions from regions with high strictness policies were eventually lifted globally at the end of 2022, the pandemic-induced disruption will continue to affect global seafood trade until 2030, and the annual growth rate of the global seafood market would be around 1% lower than that during 2006–2019; (2) Due to the continued high level of stringency in China in 2022 and the soaring demand of seafood in the developed countries in the post-COVID-19 era, developed countries are increasingly reliant on their intra-regional trade until 2030; (3) The global seafood supply chains will magnify export losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19, and there would be 17 to 57 million people in the developing countries in 2030 facing seafood supply shortage. The new long-term challenge is to call for the multilateral cooperation of major exporters for global seafood trade recovery. Our study provides a new perspective to evaluate the economic impact of COVID-19 as well as the cascading effect caused by the supply-chain linkages in the global seafood system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge mobilization (KMb) takes a programmatic approach to empower and motivate scholars to connect research with policy‐making through disseminating research to knowledge users, acquiring information from practitioners, and responding to the acquired information. The present study aims to investigate the influence of institutional‐level factors on researchers' KMb activities. One hundred fifty‐five researchers in the field of public administration across China participated in an online survey study. The participants reported their KMb activities, perceived institutional support, and relational capital. The results demonstrate that both the strength of institutional support and relational capital are positively associated with researchers' KMb activities. Moreover, the effect of institutional support tends to be stronger when an institution has more relational capital. The study highlights that research institutions should take programmatic approaches to empower their researchers to be actively involved in the knowledge co‐production process and make a systematic effort at the institutional level to build a well‐developed collaborative network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to climate change and global warming, the frequency of sandstorms in northern China is increasing. Stipa breviflora, a dominant species in Eurasian grasslands, can help prevent desertification from becoming more serious. Studies on S. breviflora cover a wide range of fields. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to sequence, assemble, and annotate the S. breviflora genome. In total, 2,781,544 contigs were assembled, and 2,600,873 scaffolds were obtained, resulting in a total length of 649,849,683 bp. The number of scaffolds greater than 1 kb was 70,770. We annotated the assembled genome (>121 kb), conducted a selective sweep analysis, and ultimately succeeded in assembling the Matk gene of S. breviflora. More importantly, our research identified 26 scaffolds that may be responsible for the drought tolerance of S. breviflora Griseb. In summary, the data obtained regarding S. breviflora will be of great significance for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of the pressure vessel industry, high-energy wire welding has a great future. However, this means higher demands on the weldability of pressure vessel steels. Controlling inclusions via oxidative metallurgy is a reliable method of improving the weldability of pressure vessel steels. Hence, in this paper, experimental steels with different Mg element mass fractions were prepared using vacuum metallurgy. Simulated welding for high-heat input welding was carried out using the Gleeble-2000 welding thermal simulation test machine. The inclusions in the welding heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the experimental steels were observed using an optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The compositions of the inclusions were analyzed using an energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The research results indicated that the addition of Mg could increase the number density of the inclusions in the welding HAZ. With the addition of Mg from 0 to 5 wt.%, the total number density of the inclusions increased from 133 to 687 pieces/mm2, and the number density of the inclusions with a size of 0–5 μm2 increased from 122 to 579 pieces/mm2. The inclusions in the experimental steel welding HAZ with Mg elements were mainly elliptical composite inclusions composed of (Mg-Zr-O) + MnS. Moreover, MnS precipitated on the surface of the Mg-containing inclusions in the welding HAZ. Intragranular acicular ferrite (IAF) nucleation was primarily induced via the minimum lattice mismatch mechanism, supplemented with stress-strain energy and inert interface energy mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of the distributed cooperative guidance law of multiple missiles attacking a stationary target with impact angle constraint is investigated. A distributed cooperative guidance law, which consists of a nonsingular terminal sliding mode component for ensuring finite time convergence to the desired LOS angle and a coordination component for realizing finite time consensus of time-to-go estimates, is proposed. Analysis shows that the guidance law designed in this study can ensure that missiles' time-to-go estimates represent real times to go once all the missiles fly along the desired LOS. Therefore, simultaneous arrival can be guaranteed. Furthermore, it is modified to accommodate the communication failure cases. Compared with existing results, this guidance law owns faster convergence rate and can satisfy large impact angles. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using gene co-expression networks to understand dynamic characterizations in lactating animals becomes a common method. However, there are rarely reporters focusing on milk traits in Bactrian camel by high-throughput sequencing. We used RNA-seq to generate the camel transcriptome from the blood of 16 lactating Alxa Bactrian camel in different feeding groups. In total, we obtained 1185 milk-related genes correlated with milk yield, milk protein, milk fat, and milk lactose across the WGCNA analysis. Moreover, 364 milk-related genes were differentially expressed between supplementation and grazing feeding groups. The differential expression–camel milk-related genes CMRGs (DE-CMRGs) in supplement direct an intensive gene co-expression network to improve milk performance in lactating camels. This study provides a non-invasive method to identify the camel milk-related genes in camel blood for four primary milk traits and valuable theoretical basis and research ideas for the study of the milk performance regulation mechanism of camelid animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heritability of litter size in sheep is low and controlled by multiple genes, but the research on its related genes is not sufficient. Here, to explore the expression pattern of multi-tissue genes in Chinese native sheep, we selected 10 tissues of the three adult ewes with the highest estimated breeding value in the early study of the prolific Xinggao sheep population. The global gene expression analysis showed that the ovary, uterus, and hypothalamus expressed the most genes. Using the Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) cluster analysis, these samples were clustered into eight clusters. The functional enrichment analysis showed that the genes expressed in the spleen, uterus, and ovary were significantly enriched in the Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Protein (ATM) signaling pathway, and most genes in the liver, spleen, and ovary were enriched in the immune response pathway. Moreover, we focus on the expression genes of the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis (HPO) and found that 11,016 genes were co-expressed in the three tissues, and different tissues have different functions, but the oxytocin signaling pathway was widely enriched. To further explore the differences in the expression genes (DEGs) of HPO in different sheep breeds, we downloaded the transcriptome data in the public data, and the analysis of DEGs (Xinggao sheep vs. Sunite sheep in Hypothalamus, Xinggao sheep vs. Sunite sheep in Pituitary, and Xinggao sheep vs. Suffolk sheep in Ovary) revealed the neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions. In addition, the gene subsets of the transcription factors (TFs) of DEGs were identified. The results suggest that 51 TF genes and the homeobox TF may play an important role in transcriptional variation across the HPO. Altogether, our study provided the first fundamental resource to investigate the physiological functions and regulation mechanisms in sheep. This important data contributes to improving our understanding of the reproductive biology of sheep and isolating effecting molecular markers that can be used for genetic selection in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aim: Baveno VII workshop recommends management of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) in cirrhotic patients with nonmalignant portal vein thrombosis (PVT) should be performed according to the guidelines for patients without PVT. Nevertheless, whether PVT affects the outcome of patients with cirrhosis and AVB remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical impact of PVT on the outcomes in the pre-emptive TIPSS eligible patients with cirrhosis and AVB. Methods: From December 2010 to June 2016, 1219 consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted due to AVB with (n = 151; 12.4%) or without PVT (n = 1068; 87.6%), who received drug plus endoscopic treatment (a combination of vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, and endoscopic ligation for AVB, followed by beta-blockers plus variceal ligation for prevention of rebleeding) were retrospectively included. Fine and Gray competing risk regression models were taken to evaluate the impact of PVT on clinical outcomes after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: During follow-up, 211 patients (17.3%) died, 490 (40.2%) experienced further bleeding, and 78 (6.4%) experienced new or worsening ascites within 1 year. Compared with those without PVT, patients with PVT had a similar risk of mortality (PVT vs no-PVT: 19.9% vs 16.7% at 1 year; adjusted HR 0.88, 95%CI 0.51–1.52, p = 0.653), further bleeding (47.0% vs 39.2% at 1 year, adjusted HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.92–1.53, p = 183), and new or worsening ascites (7.9% vs 9.6%, adjusted HR 0.70, 95% CI 0.39–1.28, p = 0.253) after adjusting for confounders in multivariable models. These findings were consistent across different relevant subgroups and confirmed by propensity score matching analysis. Conclusions: Our study showed no evidence that the PVT was associated with an improved or worsened outcome among cirrhotic patients with AVB who received standard treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 lockdowns have transitioned to a new normal and triggered commodity supply disruption and trade uncertainty, yet little is known about the seafood trade resilience of developing and developed countries amid pandemic-related shocks. Here, employing a newly developed geographical transition-net model, we simulate a set of idealized lockdown scenarios in a real-world seafood network. The results show that (1) even if restrictions from regions with high strictness policies were eventually lifted globally at the end of 2022, the pandemic-induced disruption will continue to affect global seafood trade until 2030, and the annual growth rate of the global seafood market would be around 1% lower than that during 2006–2019; (2) Due to the continued high level of stringency in China in 2022 and the soaring demand of seafood in the developed countries in the post-COVID-19 era, developed countries are increasingly reliant on their intra-regional trade until 2030; (3) The global seafood supply chains will magnify export losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19, and there would be 17 to 57 million people in the developing countries in 2030 facing seafood supply shortage. The new long-term challenge is to call for the multilateral cooperation of major exporters for global seafood trade recovery. Our study provides a new perspective to evaluate the economic impact of COVID-19 as well as the cascading effect caused by the supply-chain linkages in the global seafood system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Phaeocystis globosa frequently proliferates in eutrophic waters and forms ichthyotoxic algal blooms that cause massive fish mortalities in marine ecosystems. One of the ichthyotoxic metabolites was identified as the glycolipid‐like hemolytic toxin, reported to be initiated under light conditions. However, the association between hemolytic activity (HA) and photosynthesis of P. globosa remained unclear.Light spectra (blue, red, green, and white) and 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU) were selected as the stressors to stimulate the hemolytic response of P. globosa in relation to the light and dark photosynthesis reaction.Hemolytic activity in P. globosa was sensitive to the light spectrum as it decreased from 93% to nearly undetectable (1.6%) within 10 min of transfer from red (630 nm) to green light (520 nm). This indicates that the vertical transformation of P. globosa from deep to surface waters (dominated by green light and all light spectra, respectively) may drive the hemolytic response in coastal waters. However, regulation of photosynthetic electron transfer in the light reaction of P. globosa was excluded by the evidence of inconsistent response of HA to photosynthetic activity.The biosynthesis of HA may interfere with the pathway of photopigments diadinoxanthin or fucoxanthin, and the metabolism of three‐ and five‐carbon sugars (GAP and Ru5P, respectively), which ultimately lead to changes in the alga's hemolytic carbohydrate metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of fecal calprotectin in the relapse of inflammatory bowel disease remains uncertain in children and adolescents. We systematically searched the common databases for eligible studies. Judgment of diagnostic accuracy included pooled sensitivity and specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Ultimately, a total of 414 participants from six studies were included. The combined sensitivity, specificity, PLR, and NLR with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 0.85 (95% CI = 0.65 to 0.79), 0.71 (95% CI = 0.52 to 0.85), 2.95 (95% CI = 1.71 to 5.09), and 0.21 (95% CI = 0.08 to 0.51), respectively. The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.85, and the DOR was 14.14 (95% CI = 4.46 to 44.80). Our study showed that fecal calprotectin as a biomarker to predict the clinical relapse of inflammatory bowel disease during remission in children and adolescents is effective and worth applying. [Pediatr Ann. 2023;52(9):e357–e362.] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malignant central airway obstruction (MCAO) resulting from tumor metastasis and compression severely impairs respiration, posing life-threatening risks. To address this, we employed a synergistic modification strategy, combining cisplatin (CIS) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Polycaprolactone (PCL) served as a drug carrier, enabling the preparation of a functional CIS@AgNPs@PCL fiber membrane-covered airway stent via electrospinning. This approach aimed to enhance the patency rate of MCAO. Characterization via ATR-FTIR, scanning electron microscope-energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscope confirmed successful immobilization of CIS and AgNPs onto the stent surface. CIS@AgNPs@PCL substantially suppressed non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549), causing DNA damage, ultrastructural disruption, and over 50% apoptosis in 48 h. It also displayed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans biofilms. A mouse subcutaneous tumor recurrence model assessed anti-cancer efficacy. CIS@AgNPs@PCL fiber-covered stents significantly inhibited lung cancer tissue and enhanced anti-cancer effects by up-regulating caspase-3 and Bax, while down-regulating Bcl-2. This study's functional airway stent provides a proof-of-concept for an integrated anti-cancer and antibacterial strategy. It promptly restores the lumen, inhibits biofilm formation, prevents tumor progression, and improves postoperative MCAO patency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Science) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Convolutional neural networks are widely used in image feature extraction, but the architecture of existing models is overly complex. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a novel convolutional neural network named CFRW, which consists of two parts, C-FnetT and R-WN. C-FnetT focuses on deepening the network through the Cross-Connection algorithm to extract high-level image features. R-WN extracts rich multiscale feature information by the Residual-Wider module with parallel branches. At the same time, a new fusion algorithm, FA, is designed, which maps multidimensional features to a single-dimensional feature space and assigns weight to feature information from the channel dimension. By learning multiangle information of image features from the local space to the global space, the feature expression ability of the convolutional neural network is enhanced. C-FnetT and R-WN are fused by FA. Through a series of comparative experiments on public datasets MNIST, FashionMNIST, SVHN, CIFAR10, CIFAR100 and Oxford Flowers 17, the results show that the designed CFRW with a multirepresentation structure and fewer layers achieves promising performance in image recognition compared with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovine brucellosis is a global zoonotic disease of sheep caused by Brucella melitensis, which inflicts a significant burden on human and animal health. Brucella suis strain S2 (B. suis S2) is a smooth live attenuated vaccine for the prevention of ovine brucellosis in China. However, no previous studies have assessed the immunogenicity of B. suis S2 vaccine after oral immunization in sheep. Here, we attempted to evaluate the ovine immune response over the course of B. suis S2 immunization and to identify in vivo predictors for vaccine development. Body temperature, serum Brucella antibodies, serum cytokines (IL-12p70 and interferon [IFN]-γ), and bacterial load in the mandibular lymph nodes (LN), superficial cervical LN, superficial inguinal LN, and spleen were investigated to determine the safety and efficacy of the vaccine. The abnormal body temperature of sheep occurred within 8 days post-infection (dpi). Brucella suis S2 persisted for a short time (< 21 dpi) in the mandibular LN. The highest level of IL-12p70 was observed at 9 dpi, whereas serum IFN-γ levels peaked at 12 dpi. Transcriptome analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR were performed to determine gene expression profiles in the mandibular LN of sheep. Antigen processing and presentation pathway was the dominant pathway related to the dataset. Our studies suggest that the immune response in ovine LN resembled type 1 immunity with the secretion of IL-12p70 and IFN-γ after B.suis S2 immunization and the vaccine may eliminate Brucella via stimulation of M1 macrophages through the course of Th cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinggao sheep are a breed of Chinese domestic sheep that are adapted to the extremely cold climatic features of the Hinggan League in China. The economically vital reproductive trait of ewes (litter size, LS) and productive traits of lambs (birth weight, BWT; weaning weight, WWT; and average daily gain, ADG) are expressed in females and later in life after most of the selection decisions have been made. This study estimated the genetic parameters for four traits to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the variation, and we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) tests on a small sample size to identify novel marker trait associations (MTAs) associated with prolificacy and growth. We detected two suggestive significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with LS and eight significant SNPs for BWT, WWT, and ADG. These candidate loci and genes also provide valuable information for further fine-mapping of QTLs and improvement of reproductive and productive traits in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the operating mechanism of sodium-ion battery (SIB) resembles that of lithium-ion battery, common film-forming additive for lithium-ion battery does not play its role in SIB. Therefore, it is essential to tailor new additives for SIB. Hard carbon (HC), as the most used anode material of SIB, has the disadvantage of interphasial instability, especially under the condition of long-term cycling. The incessant accumulation of electrolyte decomposition products leads to a significant increase in interphasial impedance and a sharp decline in discharge capacity. In this work, N-phenyl-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonimide) (PTFSI) was proposed as a novel film-forming electrolyte additive, which effectively enhances the long-term cycling performance for HC anode in SIB. The passivation film generated from the preferential reduction of PTFSI improves the capacity retention of HC/Na half-cell from 0% to 68% after 500 cycles. Profoundly, the enhanced interphasial stability of HC anode results in a 52% increase in capacity retention of HC/Na3V2(PO4)3 full-cells after 100 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The perinatal period is very important for dairy cows. Dairy cows have higher energy and nutrient requirements during pregnancy and lactation than they do during the rest of their lives because of physiological changes like fast growth and uterine development. As a result, high-yielding dairy cows frequently experience severe negative energy balance (NEB) during the perinatal period. This NEB causes metabolic and immunological abnormalities in dairy cows, which in turn causes systemic inflammation and reduced resilience. In this study, transcriptome data from multiple tissues were utilized to analyze the impacts of NEB on innate immune genes, as well as the mechanism underlying the alteration of the 'host defense and systemic inflammation. According to studies, NEB downregulates the defensive function of innate immune genes in the endometrium, resulting in lower defense capability, upregulation of defense and inflammatory responses in other tissues, activation of systemic defense responses, and promotion of systemic inflammation. These findings provide crucial clues for the diagnosis and prevention of systemic inflammation brought upon by perinatal NEB. Negative energy balance (NEB) during the perinatal period leads to metabolic and immunological disorders in dairy cows, resulting in systemic responses and inflammation. The innate immune system is crucial for the host's protection and inflammatory response. However, systematic research is still lacking on how NEB affects the innate immune system to alter the 'host defense capability and inflammatory response. In this investigation, raw transcriptome data of adipose, blood, endometrial, hypothalamus, and liver tissues were downloaded from a public database, cleaned, aligned, quantified, and batch-corrected. The innate immune gene list was retrieved from innateDB, followed by the expression matrix of innate immune genes in various tissues for differential expression analysis, principle component analysis (PCA), and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Under the effect of NEB, adipose tissue had the most differentially expressed genes, which were predominantly up-regulated, whereas blood GSEA had the most enriched biological processes, which were predominantly down-regulated. The gene sets shared by different tissues, which are predominantly involved in biological processes associated with defense responses and inflammation, were dramatically down-regulated in endometrial tissues and highly up-regulated in other tissues. Under the impact of NEB, LBP, PTX3, S100A12, and LCN2 play essential roles in metabolism and immunological control. In conclusion, NEB can downregulate the defensive response of innate immune genes in endometrial, upregulate the immune and inflammatory response of other tissues, activate the host defense response, and increase the systemic inflammatory response. The analysis of the effects of NEB on innate immune genes from the multiple tissues analysis provides new insights into the crosstalk between metabolism and immunity and also provides potential molecular targets for disease diagnosis and disease resistance breeding in dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age is an important physiological factor that affects the metabolism and immune function of beef cattle. While there have been many studies using the blood transcriptome to study the effects of age on gene expression, few have been reported on beef cattle. To this end, we used the blood transcriptomes of Japanese black cattle at different ages as the study subjects and screened 1055, 345, and 1058 differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the calf vs. adult, adult vs. old, and calf vs. old comparison groups, respectively. The weighted co-expression network consisted of 1731 genes. Finally, blue, brown, and yellow age-specific modules were obtained, in which genes were enriched in signaling pathways related to growth and development and immune metabolic dysfunction, respectively. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed gene interactions in each specific module, and 20 of the highest connectivity genes were chosen as potential hub genes. Finally, we identified 495, 244, and 1007 genes by exon-wide selection signature (EWSS) analysis of different comparison groups. Combining the results of hub genes, we found that VWF, PARVB, PRKCA, and TGFB1I1 could be used as candidate genes for growth and development stages of beef cattle. CORO2B and SDK1 could be used as candidate marker genes associated with aging. In conclusion, by comparing the blood transcriptome of calves, adult cattle, and old cattle, the candidate genes related to immunity and metabolism affected by age were identified, and the gene co-expression network of different age stages was constructed. It provides a data basis for exploring the growth, development, and aging of beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spermatogenesis is a complicated course of several rigorous restrained steps that spermatogonial stem cells undergo to develop into highly specialized spermatozoa; however, specific genes and signal pathways, which regulate the amplification, differentiation and maturation of these cells, remain unclear. We performed bioinformatics analyses to investigate the dynamic changes of the gene expression patterns at three time points in the course of the first wave of rat spermatogenesis. Differently expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and the features of DEGs were further analyzed with GO (Gene Ontology), KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM). A total of 2954 differentially expressed genes were identified. By using STEM, the top 10 key genes were selected in the profile according to the enrichment results, and the distinguishable biological functions encoded by these DEGs were automatically divided into three parts. Genes from 6, 8 and 10 days were related to biosynthesis, immune response and cell junction, and genes from 14, 15 and 16 days were related to energy metabolic pathways. The results also suggest that genes from 29, 31 and 35 days may shift metabolic to sperm motility, sperm flagellum and cilium movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maternal parity is an important physiological factor influencing beef cow reproductive performance. However, there are few studies on the influence of different calving periods on early growth and postpartum diseases. Here, we conducted blood transcriptomic analysis on cows of different parities for gene discovery. We used Short Time Series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis to determine gene expression levels in cows of various parities and divided multiple parities into three main periods (nulliparous, primiparous, and multiparous) for subsequent analysis. Furthermore, the top 15,000 genes with the lowest median absolute deviation (MAD) were used to build a co-expression network using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and six independent modules were identified. Combing with Exon Wide Selection Signature (EWSS) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed that TPCN2, KIF22, MICAL3, RUNX2, PDE4A, TESK2, GPM6A, POLR1A, and KLHL6 involved in early growth and postpartum diseases. The GO and KEGG enrichment showed that the Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion, and action pathway and stem cell differentiation function-related pathways were enriched. Collectively, our study revealed candidate genes and gene networks regulating the early growth and postpartum diseases and provided new insights into the potential mechanism of reproduction advantages of different parity selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goats have become one of the most adaptive and important livestock species distributed in developing countries in recent years. The Hainan Black goat is a native goat breed of the Hainan region that is generally well-liked by the local population and is thus raised in large numbers. However, the genomic diversity and selective signals of the Hainan Black goat have not been clearly elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we performed whole-genome resequencing of 16 Hainan Black goats and compared the results with those of 71 goats of 6 other breeds from different geographic regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and phylogenetic analysis identified seven lineages for all goats. Hainan Black goats showed the most similarity with Leizhou goats and the least similarity with Boer goats. Selective sweep analysis identified candidate genes associated with various functions, including immune resistance to disease (TNFAIP2 (TNF alpha induced protein 2) and EXOC3L4 (exocyst complex component 3 like 4)), melanin biosynthetic process (CDH15 (cadherin 15), ASIP (agouti signaling protein), and PARD3 (par-3 family cell polarity regulator)), and light sensitivity (CNGB3 (cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit beta 3) and CNBD1 (cyclic nucleotide binding domain containing 1)), underlying strong selection signatures in Hainan Black goats. The melanin biosynthetic process, circadian entrainment, regulation of cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated signaling, and the Rap-1 signaling pathway were significantly enriched in Hainan Black and Alashan Cashmere goats. This result may be important for understanding each trait. Selection signature analysis revealed candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes correlated with the traits of Hainan Black goats. Collectively, our results provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of specific traits correlated with the Hainan island climate, artificial selection in certain local goat breeds, and the importance of protecting breed resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first task for eradicating poverty is accurate poverty identification. Deep poverty identification is conducive to investing resources to help deeply poor populations achieve prosperity, one of the most challenging tasks in poverty eradication. This study constructs a deep poverty identification model utilizing explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to identify deeply poor households based on the data of 23,307 poor households in rural areas in China. For comparison, a logistic regression-based model and an income-based model are developed as well. We found that our XAI-based model achieves a higher identification performance in terms of the area under the ROC curve than both the logistic regression-based model and the income-based model. For each rural household, the odds of being identified as deeply poor are obtained. Additionally, multidimensional household characteristics associated with deep poverty are specified and ranked for each poor household, while ordinary feature ranking methods can only provide ranking results for poor households as a whole. Taking all poor households into consideration, we found that common important characteristics that can be used to identify deeply poor households include household income, disability, village attributes, lack of funds, labor force, disease, and number of household members, which are validated by mutual information analysis. In conclusion, our XAI-based model can be used to identify deep poverty and specify key household characteristics associated with deep poverty for individual households, facilitating the development of new targeted poverty reduction strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the clinical value of drug-eluting bead trans-arterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) combined with microwave ablation (MWA) vs. MWA treatment alone for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Materials and methods: Consecutive data from 102 HCC patients at early stage who were referred to our hospital from December 2014 to May 2016 were retrospectively collected. Forty-seven patients underwent DEB-TACE combined with MWA treatment, whereas 55 patients underwent MWA alone. After 1 month of treatment, the tumour responses of the patients were assessed using the mRECIST criteria. Treatment-related complications and hepatic function were also analysed for the two groups. In addition, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated and compared. Results: Patients in the combined treatment group (DEB-TACE combined with MWA) presented a better objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) compared with those in the monotherapy group (MWA treatment). The median OS and PFS were longer in the combined treatment group compared with the monotherapy group. Multivariate Cox's regression further illustrated that DEB-TACE + MWA vs. MWA was an independent protective factor for PFS and OS. No serious treatment-related complications were observed in any of the patients. Conclusion: Combined treatment with DEB-TACE appeared to have advantages in prolonging OS and PFS compared to MWA. Therefore, combined treatment was efficient and should be strongly recommended to early stage HCC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of high‐voltage LiCoO2 is imperative to break the bottleneck of the practical energy density of lithium‐ion batteries. However, LiCoO2 suffers from severe structural and interfacial degradation at >4.55 V. Herein, a novel lattice‐matched LiCoPO4 coating is rationally designed for LiCoO2 which works at 4.6 V (vs Li/Li+) or above. This LiCoPO4 coating, derived by an in situ chemical reaction, grows epitaxially on LiCoO2 crystallite with strong bonding and complete coverage to LiCoO2, ensuring a stable cathode–electrolyte interface with fewer side reactions and alleviated intergranular cracking and phase collapse during repeated high‐voltage lithiation/delithiation processes. In addition, the formed strong covalent P–O tetrahedron configuration at the interface effectively decreases the surface oxygen activity of LiCoO2, further suppressing oxygen release and irreversible phase transition. Therefore, the LiCoPO4‐LiCoO2ǁLi cells display excellent capacity retention of 87% after 300 cycles at 4.6 V and stable operation at 4.6 V/55 °C or 4.7 V/30 °C. The strategy of lattice‐matching growth affords a new way to impact the development of high‐voltage LiCoO2 and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductors are the cornerstones of the current information age. Next‐generation integrated optoelectronics calls for ultrahigh‐resolution manufacturing of sophisticated three‐dimensional (3D) semiconductor products, which introduces tremendous challenges for conventional planar lithography techniques. State‐of‐the‐art 3D printing techniques are promising but hampered by the absence of functional precursors for semiconductor formation. Here, a facile method to synthesize versatile and customizable metal‐bound composite photoresins for 3D printing various nano‐architected metal oxide semiconductors is reported. These photoresins can be readily synthesized using metal‐organic framework (MOF) precursors and commercially available monomers, which are free of the nanoparticle‐induced scattering effect. Arbitrary 3D architectures of metal oxide semiconductors (e.g., ZnO and Co3O4) are additively manufactured with a high resolution of 170 nm, high shape fidelity, and high surface quality. A ZnO‐based micro‐ultraviolet photodetector is fabricated to demonstrate its potential applications in optoelectronic devices. The versatile photoresins are expected to have broad applicability for various functional materials and pave the way for the fabrication of 3D integrated functional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various policy initiatives have been launched to spur innovation in China. They include pilot cities, self-dependent demonstration areas, and comprehensive reform zones. By reviewing the policy formulation processes of these initiatives, we describe the distinct features of experimentalist governance in China. And, we add to policy process theory by analyzing their authority distribution, strategic objectives, and policy goals and instruments. China's pursuit of its innovation strategy has caused three experimentalist governance patterns to emerge. The cities explore policy alternatives through adaptive reconciliation. The regions test policy instruments through selective recognition. And, the central government uses hierarchical experimentation to deploy its policy frameworks. Through the temporal and spatial interactions of China's multilevel governments, these patterns have shaped a progressive approach to the formation (or reformation) of the nation's innovation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cashmere goat is famous for its high-quality fibers. The growth of cashmere in secondary hair follicles exhibits a seasonal pattern arising from circannual changes in the natural photoperiod. Although several studies have compared and analyzed the differences in gene expression between different hair follicle growth stages, the selection of samples in these studies relies on research experience or morphological evidence. Distinguishing hair follicle growth cycle according to gene expression patterns may help to explore the regulation mechanisms related to cashmere growth and the effect of melatonin from a molecular level more accurately. Results: In this study, we applied RNA-sequencing to the hair follicles of three normal and three melatonin-treated Inner Mongolian cashmere goats sampled every month during a whole hair follicle growth cycle. A total of 3559 and 988 genes were subjected as seasonal changing genes (SCGs) in the control and treated groups, respectively. The SCGs in the normal group were divided into three clusters, and their specific expression patterns help to group the hair follicle growth cycle into anagen, catagen and telogen stages. Some canonical pathways such as Wnt, TGF-beta and Hippo signaling pathways were detected as promoting the hair follicle growth, while Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Jak-STAT, Fc epsilon RI, NOD-like receptor, Rap1, PI3K-Akt, cAMP, NF-kappa B and many immune-related pathways were detected in the catagen and telogen stages. The PI3K-Akt signaling, ECM-receptor interaction and Focal adhesion were found in the transition stage between telogen to anagen, which may serve as candidate biomarkers for telogen-anagen regeneration. A total of 16 signaling pathways, 145 pathway mRNAs, and 93 lncRNAs were enrolled to construct the pathway-mRNA-lncRNA network, which indicated the function of lncRNAs through interacting with their co-expressed mRNAs. Pairwise comparisons between the control and melatonin-treated groups also indicated 941 monthly differentially expressed genes (monthly DEGs). These monthly DEGs were mainly distributed from April and September, which revealed a potential signal pathway map regulating the anagen stage triggered by melatonin. Enrichment analysis showed that Wnt, Hedgehog, ECM, Chemokines and NF-kappa B signaling pathways may be involved in the regulation of non-quiescence and secondary shedding under the influence of melatonin. Conclusions: Our study decoded the key regulators of the whole hair follicle growth cycle, laying the foundation for the control of hair follicle growth and improvement of cashmere yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductive hydrogels denote a strategically valuable platform associated with interdiscipline fields by double advantages of metals and organisms (eco‐friendliness, structural flexibility, mixed conduction, real‐time responsiveness, scalable fabrication, and chemical stability). Nevertheless, the orthodox chemical/physical methods processing hydrogels yield planar‐like layers or rough structures without ultrafine feature size or manipulative performance, falling short of µ‐robotics, µ‐electronics, or n‐energy industries. Thereby, scaling the device's volume down and unleashing material's potential become crucially important for broadband applications. A femtosecond laser lifting‐off technique is synthesized with self‐assembly to break conventional volume/resolution limitation, enlarge the geometry‐design capacity, and desirable electricity conduction for micro/nanosituations. Low‐dimensional high‐performance nanowires, electric circuits, ultrathin interdigital capacitors, manipulative photon filters, and metasurfaces are functionalized here. The repeated experiment concludes a high‐density integration ability with a subminiature size down to 10 × 10 × 0.02 µm3, tunable electric conductivity up to 1.17 × 105 S m−1, and areal capacitance >16.2 mF cm−2 for energy storage higher than those electrochemical double‐layer ones. Large geometry capacity with nanometric resolution provides access to future‐perspective optoelectronic products, n‐energy, bioneural recordings, or interfaces of embedding conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]