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In this work, the highly efficient hydrogenation of guaiacol catalyzed by ruthenium supported on Al2O3-TiO2 (Ru/Al2Ti1) at very mild conditions was carried out. At temperatures as low as 25 °C and 2 MPa H2, about 60% of guaiacol could be converted to 2-methoxycyclohexanol (MCH) with a selectivity as high as 94% on the Ru/Al2Ti1 catalyst with an appropriate hydrogen pressure. At temperatures above 50 °C, almost all of the guaiacol could be converted with the catalyst of Ru/Al2Ti1, mainly into hydrogenated products such as MCH. The surprisingly efficient hydrogenation of guaiacol at low temperatures was most likely due to the ability of Ru particles loaded on the specific complex metal oxide carriers, particularly the reduction of the edge effect of Ru, to activate phenyl and hydrogen and reduce the competition of the dimethoxy process. These findings about the high activity of the Ru/Al2Ti1 catalyst at nearly room temperature may be helpful to upgrading the industrial process of the pyrolysis bio-oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Germplasm resources serve as the foundations of advancements in breeding and are crucial for maintaining food security. Wild rice species of the genus Oryza include rich sources of genetic diversity and high adaptability, making them a substantial resource for rice breeding. The discovery of wild‐type cytoplasmic male sterility resources enabled the achievement of the 'three lines' goal in hybrid rice, significantly increasing rice yields. The application of resistance alleles from wild rice enables rice production to withstand losses caused by stress. Reduced genetic diversity due to rice breeding poses a significant limitation to further advances and can be alleviated through a systematic use of wild genetic resources that integrate geographic, climatic and environmental data of the original habitat, along with extensive germplasm collection and identification using advanced methods. Leveraging technological advancements in plant genomics, the understanding of genetic mechanisms and the application of artificial intelligence and gene editing can further enhance the efficiency and accuracy of this process. These advancements facilitate rapid isolation and functional studies of genes, and precise genome manipulation. This review systematically summarizes the utilization of superior genes and germplasm resources derived from wild rice sources, while also exploring the collection, conservation, identification and utilization of further wild rice germplasm resources. A focus on genome sequencing and biotechnology developments is leading to new breeding and biotechnology opportunities. These new opportunities will not only promote the development of rice varieties that exhibit high yields, superior stress resistance and high quality but also expand the genetic diversity among rice cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abounding variations in wild rice provided potential reservoirs of beneficial genes for rice breeding. Maintaining stable and high yields under environmental stresses is a long-standing goal of rice breeding but is challenging due to internal trade-off mechanisms. Here, we report wild rice GL12W improves grain length and salt tolerance in both indica and japonica genetic backgrounds. GL12W alters cell length by regulating grain size related genes including GS2, and positively regulates the salt tolerance related genes, such as NAC5, NCED3, under salt stresses. We find that a G/T variation in GL12 promoter determined its binding to coactivator GIF1 and transcription factor WRKY53. GIF1 promotes GL12W expression in young panicle and WRKY53 represses GL12W expression under salt stresses. The G/T variation also contributes to the divergence of indica and japonica subspecies. Our results provide useful resources for modern rice breeding and shed insights for understanding yield and salt tolerance trade-off mechanism. Maintaining yield under environmental stresses is a long-standing but challenging goal of rice breeding. Here, the authors report a MYB transcription factor encoding gene GL12 from wild rice can improve grain length and salt tolerance in cultivated rice and the identification of its upstream regulators GIF1 and WRKY53. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many previous studies have documented the detrimental effects of social loafing on others (interpersonal impacts) at the between-person level. However, social loafing may carry underappreciated intrapersonal functional effects at the within-person level. Our research develops a novel theoretical framework to investigate when and how engaging in social loafing enhances one's job performance. Drawing on the effort-recovery model and moral cleansing theory, we propose that social loafing may improve subsequent job performance by enhancing recovery and guilt. Specifically, we argue that among employees who experience higher job demands or have higher moral identity, social loafing in the morning enhances their job performance in the afternoon by facilitating recovery or guilt in the morning. Two-wave daily data collected across ten consecutive workdays using the experience sampling method (ESM) supports this model. We discuss how this research identifies a functional basis for social loafing and provides implications for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The averaged cortical thickness of meta-ROI is currently being used for the diagnosis and prognosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using structural MRI brain images. The purpose of this work is to present a hybrid meta-ROI for the detection of AD. Methods: The AD detectability of selected cortical and volumetric regions of the brain was examined using signal detection theory. The top performing cortical and volumetric ROIs were taken as input nodes to the artificial neural network (ANN) for AD classification. Results: An AD diagnostic accuracy of 91.9% was achieved by using a hybrid meta-ROI consisting of thicknesses of entorhinal and middle temporal cortices, and the volumes of the hippocampus and inferior lateral ventricles. Pairing inferior lateral ventricle dilation with hippocampal volume reduction improves AD detectability by 5.1%. Conclusions: Hybrid meta-ROI, including the dilation of inferior lateral ventricles, outperformed both cortical thickness- and volumetric-based meta-ROIs in the detection of Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite research has identified several social resources to promote employees' knowledge sharing behavior, studies on the effect of personal resources are limited. Thus, our research intends to contribute by examining the role of employee mindfulness as an essential personal resource in influencing their knowledge sharing behavior. Based on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we propose that employee mindfulness can promote employees' knowledge sharing behavior through enhancing their thriving at work, and this effect is moderated by abusive supervision. Using a field study with multi-wave data, we found that employee mindfulness was positively related to employees' knowledge sharing behavior through their thriving at work, and this positive effect was stronger when abusive supervision was high than low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: 1. Three types of rice grown in Africa: The native African rice O. glaberrima, the Asian rice (O. sativa) and the new type of African rice (e.g., NERICA varieties). O. sativa has mostly supplanted O. glaberrima as the dominant crop in Africa. 2. There is no evidence of the existence of Asian weedy rice (O. sativa f. spontanea) in Africa, while African weedy rice (Oryza spp.) is a complex population which harbors both a native and Asian genetic background. The genomic approach is an ideal way to characterize the African weedy rice population structure. 3. There have been no genomics studies on African weedy rice yet, and the latest genomic study on African cultivated rice occurred five years ago. Rice is a staple crop in sub-Saharan Africa, and it is mostly produced by Asian cultivars of Oryza sativa that were introduced to the continent around the fifteenth or sixteenth century. O. glaberrima, the native African rice, has also been planted due to its valuable traits of insect and drought tolerance. Due to competition and resistance evolution, weedy rice has evolved from O. sativa and O. glaberrima, posing an increasing threat to rice production. This paper provides an overview of current knowledge on the introduction and domestication history of cultivated rice in Africa, as well as the genetic properties of African weedy rice that invades paddy fields. Recent developments in genome sequencing have made it possible to uncover findings about O. glaberrima's population structure, stress resilience genes, and domestication bottleneck. Future rice genomic research in Africa should prioritize producing more high-quality reference genomes, quantifying the impact of crop–wild hybridization, elucidating weed adaptation mechanisms through resequencing, and establishing a connection between genomic variation and stress tolerance phenotypes to accelerate breeding efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few decades, a growing number of women have been becoming entrepreneurs and assuming a greater percentage of leader roles in the world. In this research, we develop a model, grounded in a family embeddedness perspective and expectancy violations theory, that explores why and when women entrepreneurs behave dominantly in the workplace, and what consequences this pattern produces. We propose that when a female entrepreneur is the primary income earner at home, she is more likely to behave dominantly in the workplace, and subsequently, her workplace dominance is positively related to subjective firm performance. Less industry experience strengthens the positive relationship between being the primary income earner and workplace dominance, and further accentuates the indirect effect of being the primary income earner on subjective firm performance through workplace dominance. Data collected from 58 women entrepreneurs and 271 members of their top management teams in China through a two-wave survey support our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we develop novel theoretical insights regarding employees' reactions to servant leadership. Drawing on social exchange theory and the servant leadership literature, we propose that the needs–supplies fit between servant leaders and narcissistic employees can urge narcissistic employees to feel more grateful in response to servant leadership. In turn, employee gratitude is positively associated with organizational citizenship behavior and negatively associated with workplace deviance. We test our model across two studies, including a two-wave field survey study of 344 employees and their 80 leaders (Study 1) and a scenario-based experimental study of 100 participants (Study 2). The findings support our theoretical model that, at a higher (versus lower) level of employee narcissism, servant leadership enhances organizational citizenship behavior and reduces workplace deviance through enhanced employee gratitude. We discuss our contributions to the servant leadership literature and present practical implications for organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In adapting to the double-high development trend of high-voltage direct current (HVDC) receiving-end power systems and solving optimization problems in emergency frequency control (EFC) supporting virtual power plants (VPPs) in large-scale power systems, a parameter estimation method for a VPP frequency response model based on a successive linear programming (SLP) method is proposed. First, a "centralized/decentralized" hierarchical control architecture for VPP participation in EFC is designed. Second, the frequency response characteristics of multiple flexible resources are scientifically analyzed, and the system frequency response (SFR) model and equivalent model of VPP are constructed. Subsequently, parameter estimation of the VPP frequency response model is carried out based on the SLP method, aiming to balance the accuracy and computational efficiency of the model. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified by using PSD-BPA to simulate and test the three-zone HVDC recipient area grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twisted isotropic-anisotropic van der Waals heterostructures provide a platform for controlling the electronic and phononic properties of 2D materials and inducing in-plane anisotropy in some isotropic materials. Herein, angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy are used to investigate the induced in-plane anisotropy of the quasiparticles in the twisted MoS2/CrOCl heterostructures. Both the phonons ( E g 2 MoS 2 and A g 1 MoS 2 modes) and excitons (A and B excitons) in MoS2 represent a strong in-plane orientation dependence, and the maximum intensities are along the [100]CrOCl. The induced anisotropy ratios of phonons vary continuously in the range from 1.22 to 1.13 for the E g 2 MoS 2 mode and 1.15 to 1.09 for the A g 1 MoS 2 mode with changing twisted angles, which originate from the anisotropic carrier mobility induced by the localized charge distribution from the anisotropic CrOCl substrates, and are further tuned by the uniaxial local limit of charge carriers caused by 1D moiré pattern. Our findings provide a way to controllably regulate the induced in-plane optical anisotropy in heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study draws from cognitive appraisal theory to examine when and how negative performance feedback could prevent employees from engaging in interpersonal counterproductive workplace behaviour towards the leader. We test the hypotheses using a three‐wave survey and a scenario‐based experiment with Chinese and Western samples, respectively. Our results indicate that negative performance feedback has a negative effect on perceived feedback quality when employees have a lower (vs. higher) level of trust in the leader. In addition, perceived feedback quality is negatively related to employee hostility towards leader and, in turn, interpersonal counterproductive workplace behaviour towards the leader. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundant genetic variation harbored by wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has provided a reservoir of useful genes for rice breeding. However, the genome of wild rice has not yet been comprehensively assessed. Here, we report the haplotype-resolved gapless genome assembly and annotation of wild rice Y476. In addition, we develop two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) using Y476 as the donor parent and cultivated rice as the recurrent parents. By analyzing the gapless reference genome and CSSL population, we identify 254 QTLs associated with agronomic traits, biotic and abiotic stresses. We clone a receptor-like kinase gene associated with rice blast resistance and confirm its wild rice allele improves rice blast resistance. Collectively, our study provides a haplotype-resolved gapless reference genome and demonstrates a highly efficient platform for gene identification from wild rice. Genetic variation present in wild rice is a reservoir of useful genes for rice breeding. Here, the authors report the haplotype-resolved gapless genome assembly of wild rice, the development of two sets of chromosome segment substitution lines, and the cloning of a blast resistance gene originated from wild rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We draw on deonance theory and social learning theory to propose a framework that explains how individual team members with varying levels of leader–member exchange (LMX) with their team leader have different emotional and behavioral responses upon observing teammate‐directed abusive supervision. After employing a social relations paradigm with two‐wave round‐robin data collected from a sample of 378 engineers on 89 work teams, we did not find that witnessing teammate‐targeted abusive supervision increased sympathy for the targeted teammates, but we did find that observers with a higher level of LMX were more likely to legitimize such abuse and less likely to sympathize with its victims. Furthermore, we found that for individuals with a higher level of LMX, perceiving leaders' abusive supervision of teammates was negatively related to providing help to those teammates through the mediating role of sympathy for the teammates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of germplasm resources and advances in breeding methods have led to steady increases in yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Three milestones in the recent history of rice breeding have contributed to these increases: dwarf rice breeding, hybrid rice breeding, and super rice breeding. On the 50th anniversary of the success of three‐line hybrid rice, we highlight important scientific discoveries in rice breeding that were made by Chinese scientists and summarize the broader history of the field. We discuss the strategies that could be used in the future to optimize rice breeding further in the hope that China will continue to play a leading role in international rice breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, discusses the molecular bases for the three-line hybrid rice breeding system. The authors focus on the fertility restoration gene Rf4 and its impact on the Wild Abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterility type three-line system. They identify a two-copy haplotype of Rf4 (H1) as the most valuable for future hybrid rice breeding. The study provides insights into the evolutionary trajectory of Rf genes and the origin of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration systems in rice breeding. The findings contribute to our understanding of the CMS/Rf system and offer guidance for the molecular design breeding of three-line hybrid rice. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the potential of mining genetic resources from rice germplasm collections to overcome current yield constraints in rice crops. The study focuses on a particular rice germplasm known as clustered-spikelet rice (CL) and identifies the gene responsible for CL formation, named BRD3. The researchers also elucidate the molecular pathway through which BR regulates grain number in rice panicles. The study highlights the effectiveness of mining gene resources from germplasm and offers insights into the potential for future germplasm exploration. [Extracted from the article]

Accurate and standardized quantification of reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results relies on the use of a dependable reference gene. The precise control of transgene expression in terms of both spatial and temporal aspects necessitates the utilization of tissue-specific gene promoters. However, the identification of stable reference genes across various tissues, particularly in fruits at different ripening stages, as well as tissue-specific genes in bitter gourds, remains largely unexplored. In this study, we employed RNA-Seq-based transcriptome datasets obtained from nine tissues to comprehensively screen for new reference genes (NRGs) and tissue-specific genes. Through the utilization of five algorithms in conjunction with qRT-PCR analysis, we successfully identified two highly stable reference genes, namely HMG1/2 and PHOS32, from a pool of 11 NRGs and five traditional reference genes (TRGs). To validate their reliability, we performed expression pattern analysis of two genes associated with fruit ripening (McACO1 and McACO2) using HMG1/2 and PHOS32, as well as an unstable reference gene, HSCP2. Furthermore, we conducted qRT-PCR validation of 12 tissue-specific genes using HMG1/2 as the reference gene. This study not only contributes to the precise normalization of target genes in bitter gourd but also provides a solid foundation for regulating transgenes through the utilization of suitable tissue-specific promoters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies have verified the beneficial effects of individual mindfulness in the workplace, the knowledge of how leader mindfulness crosses over to team members' interpersonal behavior via affective-related mechanisms as well as when leader mindfulness is ineffective remains limited. Based on motivated empathy theory and the mindfulness literature, this research develops a model in which leader mindfulness enhances leader empathic concern, thereby improving team members' empathic concern and, in turn, increasing their interpersonal organizational citizenship behavior and decreasing their interpersonal counterproductive work behavior. When workplace hindrance stressors within a team are lower (vs higher), the effect of leader mindfulness on leader empathic concern becomes ineffective. We tested this model using two studies: (1) a quasi-field experiment in which 72 front-line leaders were assigned to either a mindfulness intervention condition or a waitlist control condition and (2) a three-wave, time-lagged survey using a sample of 84 leaders and 697 members. Both studies provide consistent support for our hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breakdown of reproductive isolation facilitates flow of useful trait genes into crop plants from their wild relatives. Hybrid sterility, a major form of reproductive isolation exists between cultivated rice (Oryza sativa) and wild rice (O. meridionalis, Mer). Here, we report the cloning of qHMS1, a quantitative trait locus controlling hybrid male sterility between these two species. Like qHMS7, another locus we cloned previously, qHMS1 encodes a toxin-antidote system, but differs in the encoded proteins, their evolutionary origin, and action time point during pollen development. In plants heterozygous at qHMS1, ~ 50% of pollens carrying qHMS1-D (an allele from cultivated rice) are selectively killed. In plants heterozygous at both qHMS1 and qHMS7, ~ 75% pollens without co-presence of qHMS1-Mer and qHMS7-D are selectively killed, indicating that the antidotes function in a toxin-dependent manner. Our results indicate that different toxin-antidote systems provide stacked reproductive isolation for maintaining species identity and shed light on breakdown of hybrid male sterility. Orzya meridionalis is a wild rice species that has reproductive isolation with Asian cultivated rice. Here, the authors report the cloning of the second locus controlling hybrid male sterility between the two species and show the encoded toxin-antidote system provides stacked reproductive isolation for maintaining species identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed and tested a research model in which employee well‐being human resource (HR) attribution differentially influences the intention to change jobs across organizations (i.e., external job change intention) versus that within the same organization (i.e., internal job change intention). Furthermore, we posited that task idiosyncratic deals (I‐deals) moderated the relationships between employee well‐being HR attribution and external and internal job change intentions. Results indicated that employee well‐being HR attribution was negatively related to external job change intention, but positively related to internal job change intention. Further, task I‐deals significantly moderated the relationships between employee well‐being HR attribution and external and internal job change intention. Specifically, employee well‐being HR attribution played a less important role in reducing external job change intention when task I‐deals were high rather than low. On the other hand, high task I‐deals significantly strengthened the positive relationship between employee well‐being HR attribution and internal job change intention. Our study extends the careers literature by differentiating the impact of employee well‐being HR attribution on job change intentions within an organization compared with that across organizations and the important role of supervisors in enhancing or mitigating these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible and binderless electrodes have become a promising candidate for the next generation of flexible power storage devices. However, developing high-performance electrode materials with high energy density and a long cycle life remains a serious challenge for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). The main issue is the large volume change in electrode materials during the cycling processes, leading to rapid capacity decay for SIBs. In this study, flexible electrodes for a SnSb alloy–carbon nanofiber (SnSb@NC) membrane were successfully synthesized with the aid of hydrothermal, electrospinning and annealing processes. The as-prepared binderless SnSb@NC flexible anodes were investigated for the storage properties of SIBs at 500 °C, 600 °C and 700 °C (SnSb@NC-500, SnSb@NC-600 and SnSb@NC-700), respectively. And the flexible SnSb@NC-700 electrode displayed the preferable SIB performances, achieving 240 mAh/g after 100 cycles at 0.1 A g−1. In degree-dependent I-V curve measurements, the SnSb@NC-700 membrane exhibited almost the same current at different bending degrees of 0°, 45°, 90°, 120° and 175°, indicating the outstanding mechanical properties of the flexible binderless electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article builds on the scant literature regarding antecedents and consequences of employee thriving, a positive psychological state characterized by the joint experience of vitality and learning. Guided by conservation of resource (COR) theory and the social embeddedness perspective, we predict that the social-network centrality of employees helps them buffer against the negative effects of abusive supervision. Via a pilot study, a field study, and two scenario-based experiments, we find patterns supporting our hypotheses. Specifically, employees' perception of abusive supervision is negatively associated with their level of thriving and, thereby also, with their performance-related outcomes such as task performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and creativity. However, abusive supervision's negative association with employees' thriving weakens when employees are more central in their advice and friendship networks. Our research adds to the sparse but growing literature on thriving, and supplements the mostly reactive- and/or dyadic-oriented strategies previously identified as ways to cope with abusive supervisors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While mindfulness has garnered increasing attention in organizations, few studies have operationalized workplace mindfulness and developed a valid measurement of this construct. Given this limitation, it is difficult to obtain a comprehensive understanding of workplace mindfulness or to promote theoretical and empirical research investigating this construct. To address this issue, the current research aims to examine the conceptualization of workplace mindfulness and seeks to develop a psychometrically sound scale assessing this construct. Based on the mindfulness literature, we propose a multidimensional model of workplace mindfulness consisting of three dimensions: awareness, attention, and acceptance. Across seven phases with six independent samples, and using both qualitative and quantitative approaches, our results provide support for the proposed multidimensional structure and reveal sound reliability and validity of the developed scale. This new instrument will be a valuable tool for both researchers and practitioners to assess employees' mindfulness in working situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows that the effects of creative personality on moral disengagement and unethical behaviors are mixed. To reconcile the disparate findings, we draw on interdependence theory to unravel how and when creative personality is related to moral disengagement through countervailing pathways. Specifically, we propose competitive motivation and prosocial motivation as two distinct mechanisms that explain the double-edged effects of creative personality on moral disengagement and subsequent unethical behaviors. Furthermore, we hypothesize a cross-level moderating effect of competitive climate on the relationships between competitive/prosocial motivation and moral disengagement. Results based on three-wave data from 753 employees showed that creative personality increased moral disengagement and subsequent unethical behaviors through competitive motivation but decreased moral disengagement and subsequent unethical behaviors through prosocial motivation. In addition, competitive climate weakened the negative relationship between prosocial motivation and moral disengagement and the negative indirect relationship between creative personality and unethical behaviors via prosocial motivation and moral disengagement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hongshishan chromitite deposits are situated to the north of the Beishan orogenic collage, in the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. This study describes the mineral chemistry, Re‐Os isotopes and platinum‐group elements geochemistry of the Hongshishan chromitites for the purpose of constraining the origin, evolution and composition of their parental melts. The restricted ranges of Al2O3, Cr2O3 and Cr#‐Mg# variation of chromite‐cores and chromites fall within the field of the mid‐ocean ridge and ophiolitic podiform chromite settings. The (187Os/188Os)i ratios of the chromitites are in the range of 0.12449–0.12745 (average 0.12637) and the γOs are from –1.92 to –0.06 (average –0.83). In the Re‐Os isotope diagrams, all the samples fall in the field of chromitites and show a residual peridotitic trend. The range of Os isotopic compositions and γOs values indicate that they overlap the depleted MORB mantle (DMM) as well as being close to global Os isotopic data and γOs of ophiolite chromitites. The characteristics of the PGE contents can be roughly subdivided into two groups: podiform chromitites and Ural‐Alaskan type complexes. For the ferritchromite cores, the calculated Al2O3 concentrations of the parental melt are higher (average 16.65 wt%) in high‐Cr than high‐Al chromitite (average 16.17 wt%) and for the chromite, the calculated Al2O3 concentrations are even higher (average 16.48 wt%) in the high‐Cr than the high‐Al examples (average 15.38 wt%). In the (TiO2)melt vs. TiO2 diagrams, most high‐Al melts fall in the MORB, while the high‐Cr melts fall in the ARC field. The calculated FeO/MgO ratios for the parental melt show the closest resemblance to a MORB magma composition. The inferred parental melt composition for studied chromitites falls in the field of mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB) magmas and far away from boninite. The calculated degrees of partial melting producing the chromitites are 16%–22% (average 19%), which is around the range of those of the MORB magmas. The chromitites are suggested to have been formed in a MORB setting. The chromites and ferritchromite cores are mostly scattered along the MORB and SSZ harzburgite–dunite fields. Ferritchromite rims and ferritchromites with high YFes formed as a result of alteration during serpentinization.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of research has documented the negative relationship between mindfulness and ego depletion. However, most of this research has taken a static view while ignoring the effects of mindfulness temporal changes at work. Thus, it is unclear whether the relationship between mindfulness change and ego depletion is still negative when this factor is added into the mix. To address this issue, we examine mindfulness change at the within‐person level (mindfulness shift) and the between‐person level (mindfulness variability) and explore their distinctive impacts on ego depletion and subsequently on counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). Drawing on ego depletion theory and mindfulness research, we propose that an upshift in mindfulness is negatively related to employee ego depletion and CWB at the within‐person level, whereas high chronic mindfulness variability is positively related to employee ego depletion and CWB at the between‐person level. To test our hypotheses, we used an experience sampling methodology to collect three‐wave data within a day from 166 employees over 10 consecutive workdays. At the within‐person level, we observed a negative and indirect effect of an upshift in daily mindfulness on daily CWB via daily ego depletion. At the between‐person level, we found a positive and indirect effect of chronic mindfulness variability on chronic CWB via chronic ego depletion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclodextrins (CyDs) in nano drug delivery systems have received much attention in pursuit of good compatibility, negligible toxicity, and improved pharmacokinetics of drugs. Their unique internal cavity has widened the application of CyDs in drug delivery based on its advantages. Besides this, the polyhydroxy structure has further extended the functions of CyDs by inter- and intramolecular interactions and chemical modification. Furthermore, the versatile functions of the complex contribute to alteration of the physicochemical characteristics of the drugs, significant therapeutic promise, a stimulus-responsive switch, a self-assembly capability, and fiber formation. This review attempts to list recent interesting strategies regarding CyDs and discusses their roles in nanoplatforms, and may act as a guideline for developing novel nanoplatforms. Future perspectives on the construction of CyD-based nanoplatforms are also discussed at the end of this review, which may provide possible direction for the construction of more rational and cost-effective delivery vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal dichalcogenide based 2D/2D or 2D/3D van der Waals heterostructures exhibit superior properties for high-performance electronics, tunneling transistors, and catalysts. Here, we report on the fabrication of high quality 2D/3D MoS2/MoO2 heterostructures with an atomic clean interface by one-step chemical vapor deposition. Optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements reveal the high-quality of as-grown samples and the specific epitaxial relationship between MoS2 and MoO2: MoS2[ 1 ¯ 1 ¯ 20]//MoO2[001] and MoS2[ 1 ¯ 100]//MoO2[201]. Photoluminescence and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements combined with density functional theory calculations confirm the interfacial charge transfer from MoS2 to the underlying MoO2. Furthermore, MoO2 induced in-plane anisotropy in MoS2 was revealed using angle-resolved polarized Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy with anisotropic ratios of 1.27 (Raman) and 1.29 (photoluminescence), respectively, which is most possibly attributed to anisotropic interfacial charge interactions. Our findings provide an excellent platform for the investigation on interfacial effects. Moreover, the in-plane anisotropy in MoS2 induced by MoO2 has expanded the application of isotropic MoS2 in the polarization-dependent fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to present a computer assisted diagnostic tool for radiologists in their diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. A statistical likelihood-ratio procedure from signal detection theory was implemented in the detection of Alzheimer's disease. The probability density functions of the likelihood ratio were constructed by using medial temporal lobe (MTL) volumes of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls (NC). The volumes of MTL as well as other anatomical regions of the brains were calculated by the FreeSurfer software using T1 weighted MRI images. The MRI images of AD and NC were downloaded from the database of Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI). A separate dataset of minimal interval resonance imaging in Alzheimer's disease (MIRIAD) was used for diagnostic testing. A sensitivity of 89.1% and specificity of 87.0% were achieved for the MIRIAD dataset which are better than the 85% sensitivity and specificity achieved by the best radiologists without input of other patient information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driven by the unique linear dichroism feature of anisotropic two‐dimensional (2D) materials, much attempt has been made to introduce artificial anisotropy into isotropic 2D materials to deliver polarization‐sensitive performance. However, those methods have not been widely promoted because of technical limitations. This paper reports on the successful modulation to the structural symmetry of WSe2 through van der Waals (vdW) interlayer coupling. Correspondingly, both the polarized Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of WSe2 in heterostructure exhibit periodic variation tendency. Similarly, direction‐sensitive electronic transport has also been observed in WSe2/CrOCl heterostructure, and the conductance along armchair direction is ≈1.5 times of that along zigzag direction. As a functional illustration to the interlayer coupling induced linear dichroism, angle‐dependent photodetection is conducted to WSe2/CrOCl device. With light irradiation at 532 nm, the device photocurrent along armchair direction is 1.27 times higher than that along zigzag direction. The abnormal linear dichroism of WSe2 in the study clearly proves that few‐layer WSe2 on CrOCl flake has been entitled with artificial anisotropy. The interlayer coupling method is feasible and practical in 2D‐material range, offering the possibility to develop polarization‐dependent electronic, pyroelectric, and photoelectric devices from isotropic 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results showed that hippocampal ATP in delayed encephalopathy rats was higher than that in normal rats, proving that hippocampal ATP content was related to DEACMP, and we have added the relative description in the Results. However, it remains to be further studied whether ATP is increased through what pathway and whether ATP plays a protective or destructive role in the pathogenesis of tardive encephalopathy. An exploration of the correlation between ATP content in hippocampus of rats and delayed encephalopathy provides a foundation for further research of the pathogenesis of delayed encephalopathy. For the experimental group, the precise scientific HPLC method was employed to measure the ATP content in the hippocampus of rats in different time periods in order to explore whether the ATP content in the hippocampus is correlated with the occurrence of delayed encephalopathy. [Extracted from the article]

Alternative splicing (AS) is the direct cause of different transcripts in eukaryotes and plays a vital role in biological processes such as plant growth and signal transduction. Reproductive development is the key process for rice production. Although numerous studies on AS in plants have been identified, AS of reproductive development stage between japonica and indica rice has not been conducted. In this research, we identified 6994 genes (19.2% of the total number of genes) corresponding to 14,517 AS events from the rice genome using the transcriptome data of 58 representative panicles of japonica rice and indica rice. Among the different types of AS, the frequency of exon skipping (SE) is the highest, accounting for more than 87%; the frequency of the alternative 3′ splice site (A3SS) type is about twice that of the alternative 5′ splice site (A5SS) type. GO enrichment analysis results showed that AS genes were mainly enriched in cellular and metabolic processes in the biological process classification. Moreover, 68 differentially AS events involved 56 genes. The expression of these five genes (OscTPI, OsLOL1, RBS1, PTB1 and OsPDIL1;1) was significantly different between the two subspecies. The analysis of AS events in panicles of japonica and indica rice provide new information regarding AS occurrence and function during these two subspecies differentiation in rice domestication and provide a theoretical basis for subsequent variety improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis was ranked No. 3 among 29 types of infectious diseases in January 2022 of Jiangsu Province, in the southeast of China, and it has strong seasonality whose incidence rate has been high in springs and low in winters. This comprehensive study extends the spreading dynamics to the control strategies of TB in Jiangsu Province with time‐varying transmission rate, which is the first one in this type. The periodic transmission rate is incorporated to the classic SEIR model with susceptible, latent, infectious, and recovered compartments. The analysis shows that when the basic reproduction number R0$$ {R}_0 $$ is less than one, the epidemic will eventually disappear but, if R0$$ {R}_0 $$ is larger than one, the disease may persist with a periodic solution. The R0$$ {R}_0 $$ value of Jiangsu TB is calculated as 1.297. In addition, the model predicts that the epidemic will not disappear over time and there will be a major outbreak after certain years. To eradicate TB, this work introduces three control strategies on susceptible, latent, and infectious populations. It turns out that the optimal control solutions can reduce the incidence rate in 2035 by 90% from 2015, the goal of World Health Organization. Simultaneously, we find that the optimal controls have the same seasonality as the transmission rate. This indicates that Jiangsu Province needs to invest more control efforts in springs than in winters. In addition, the cost of control strategies is analyzed in terms of the unit cost, total cost, and incremental cost‐effectiveness. Summarizing all results, we recommend targeting the latent patients, or both latent and infectious individuals, with the transmission rate‐synchronized control strength as the most effective control strategy, to mitigate or even eradicate TB disease in Jiangsu Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The potential contradictory impact of empowering leadership may obfuscate its effectiveness. Empowering leadership is characterized not only by increased employees' autonomy but also by additional responsibilities and work demands, which may trigger different motivational processes for employees and lead to different perceptions of job stressors. This research aims to explore such contradictory impacts of empowering leadership on employees' perceived stressors by clarifying the complex motivational processes (intrinsic/extrinsic) experienced by employees when facing empowering leadership, as well as the boundary condition of employees' regulatory focus based on regulatory focus theory and self-determination theory (SDT). Design/methodology/approach: The authors examine the proposed theoretical model using a two-wave survey, with the data being collected from 294 employees working at a hotel in China. Findings: The results show that both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation mediate the relationship between empowering leadership and employees' perceived stressors and demonstrate the moderating role of an employee's regulatory focus. Specifically, a high promotion focus strengthens the relationship between empowering leadership and intrinsic motivation, while a high prevention focus strengthens the relationship between empowering leadership and extrinsic motivation. Practical implications: Managers should consider the attributes of front-line service employees (e.g. are they promotion-focused or prevention-focused?) when demonstrating empowering leadership to prevent employees from misinterpreting that leadership as a source of stress. Originality/value: This research helps to reconcile previously conflicting findings on empowering leadership by clarifying the complex motivational processes behind it. Furthermore, this research adopts a regulatory focus perspective to suggest that the reason why employees respond to their leaders differently is inherently associated with each employee's motivational tendencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: Long intergenic non-coding RNA (lincRNA), cis-acting expression quantitative trait locus (cis-eQTL), maize, regulatory evolution. The law of genetic variation during domestication explains the evolutionary mechanism and provides a theoretical basis for improving existing varieties of maize. Previous studies focused on exploiting regulatory variations controlling the expression of protein-coding genes rather than of non-protein-coding genes. Here, we examined the genetic and evolutionary features of long non-coding RNAs from intergenic regions (long intergenic non-coding RNAs, lincRNAs) using population-scale transcriptome data and identified 1168 lincRNAs with cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs). We found that lincRNAs are more likely to be regulated by cis-eQTLs, which exert stronger effects than the protein-coding genes. During maize domestication and improvement, upregulated alleles of lincRNAs, which originated from both standing variation and new mutation, accumulate more frequently and show larger effect sizes than the coding genes. A stronger signature of genetic differentiation was observed in their regulatory regions compared to those of randomly sampled lincRNAs. In addition, we found that cis-regulatory differentiation of lincRNAs is related to the sequence conservation of lincRNA transcripts. Non-conserved lincRNAs more tend to gain upregulated alleles and show a stronger relationship with selected traits than conserved lincRNAs between maize and its wild relatives. Our findings in maize improve the understanding of cis-regulatory variation in lincRNA genes during domestication and improvement and provide an effective approach for prioritizing candidates for further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There were significantly fewer longitudinal cells in spikelet hulls from the NIL and I GL12 i SP I w i sp -OE than in 9311; however, the spikelet hull cells of the NIL and I GL12 i SP I w i sp -OE were significantly longer than those of 9311 (Figure 1j1-3). Keywords: wild rice; QTL; GL12; grain length; grain weight EN wild rice QTL GL12 grain length grain weight 1513 1515 3 07/26/23 20230801 NES 230801 Grain size and shape are determinants of grain yield and quality and have been selected during early rice domestication (Li I et al i ., [3]). [Extracted from the article]

We study the global dynamics of large amplitude classical solutions to a system of balance laws, derived from a chemotaxis model with logarithmic sensitivity, subject to time-dependent boundary conditions. The model is supplemented with H 2 initial data and unmatched boundary conditions at the endpoints of a one-dimensional interval. Under suitable assumptions on the boundary data, it is shown that classical solutions exist globally in time. Time asymptotically, the differences between the solutions and their corresponding boundary data converge to zero, as time goes to infinity. No smallness restrictions on the magnitude of the initial perturbations is imposed. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore some topics that are not covered by the analytical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When and why do narcissists take charge in the workplace? Integrating the narcissism literature and self‐identity theory, we argue that coworker narcissism is a key contingency that triggers narcissistic employees' comparative identity, which subsequently facilitates their taking charge behaviours. The results of two studies (Study 1: a two‐wave survey study of 351 frontline employees and 67 team leaders; Study 2: a scenario‐based experimental study of 190 workers) provide evidence that coworker narcissism moderates the relationship between employee narcissism and employee comparative identity, such that the relationship is strengthened when coworker narcissism is high rather than low. Employee comparative identity is positively related to employee taking charge behaviour. Furthermore, coworker narcissism moderates the indirect effect of employee narcissism on employee taking charge behaviour through employee comparative identity, such that the indirect effect is strengthened when coworker narcissism is high rather than low. These results contribute to the growing literature on the interpersonal dynamics of narcissists in the workplace and the impacts of narcissism on proactive behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: What affects organizational units' propensity to learn from each other? Extending the insights of upper echelons theory to the business unit level, we examine the relationship between executive narcissism and inter‐unit knowledge transfer. We predict that the narcissism of executives heading business units is negatively related to a unit's receptivity to knowledge emanating from other units. We further theorize that the effect of narcissism is reduced when there is high environmental complexity or dynamism as these challenging situations provide narcissists an excuse for external learning. Conversely, the effect is amplified when high perceived inter‐unit competition enhances narcissists' distinctiveness‐seeking tendencies. Using a two‐wave, multisource survey design and collecting primary data from 118 business units of a headhunting company in China, we find strong support for hypotheses. Managerial Summary: Knowledge transfer among business units inside a multi‐unit firm is beneficial to firm performance but is never easy. Our research suggests that narcissistic executives are likely to impede inter‐unit knowledge transfer, because their sense of superiority may lead them to overestimate the value of internal knowledge and underestimate the value of external knowledge. This tendency is dampened in complex and dynamic environment which give narcissists an excuse for external learning. Conversely, this tendency is amplified by high inter‐unit competition which motivates narcissists to seek distinctiveness with other units. Thus, when seeking to promote inter‐unit knowledge transfer, firms should be aware of the crucial impact of executive narcissism, and more importantly be careful when undertaking relative performance evaluations or other similar practices which strengthen inter‐unit competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Taro-like' odor is an important economic trait of pumpkin species. The metabolic and molecular bases of this aromatic trait remain largely unexplored. Therefore, in this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-Olfactometry, and RNA-seq technology were used to illuminate the differential volatile compounds, the key volatile compounds, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in leaves from two pumpkin samples. Eight volatile compounds, including (E)-2-nonenal, 3-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 1-nonanol, α-terpineol, 2,3-pentanedione, caryophyllene, and 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, were only detected in the sample with 'taro-like' aroma. Moreover, the variable importance in projection scores of all the above eight volatile compounds were >1.0 using PLS-DA analysis. The compounds 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 3-octanol, 1-nonanol, and (E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal were identified as the key contributors using GC-Olfactometry analysis. It was determined that 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline might play a significant role in 'taro-like' aroma. Furthermore, most of the differential volatile compounds were derived from fatty acids, and the DEGs were also involved in the pathways related to degradation, metabolism, and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Moreover, five genes involved in the accumulation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline showed differential expression, and their expression trends were consistent with 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline. This study offers the basis for further studies on the mechanism of 'taro-like' aroma in pumpkins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narcissism is widely considered to be a trait that is commonly found in leaders, but also a characteristic that is frequently a source of problems for their organizations. However, there is accumulating consensus in the organizational literature that, rather than a necessary evil, narcissism can potentially be a mixed blessing for leaders. The present study sets out to reconcile the paradoxical effects of leader narcissism by exploring when and how leader narcissism hampers or helps follower job performance. Utilizing a social cognitive approach to leadership and drawing upon the inferential model of leadership perceptions, we propose that leader effectiveness can shape followers' dual collective leadership perceptions in response to leader narcissism and that these shared perceptions in turn influence follower job performance in opposing manners. The results of multi-wave, multi-source, and multilevel data showed that when leader narcissism was accompanied by low levels of leader effectiveness, followers collectively tended to perceive their leaders as being more narcissistic. However, when leader narcissism was accompanied by high levels of leader effectiveness, followers collectively tended to perceive their leaders as more charismatic. Followers' dual collective leadership perceptions then mediated the joint effects of leader narcissism and leader effectiveness on follower job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the packing density growing continuously in integrated electronic devices, sufficient heat dissipation becomes a serious challenge. Recently, dielectric materials with high thermal conductivity have brought insight into effective dissipation of waste heat in electronic devices to prevent them from overheating and guarantee the performance stability. Layered CrOCl, an anti-ferromagnetic insulator with low-symmetry crystal structure and atomic level flatness, might be a promising solution to the thermal challenge. Herein, we have systematically studied the thermal transport of suspended few-layer CrOCl flakes by micro-Raman thermometry. The CrOCl flakes exhibit high thermal conductivities along zigzag direction, from ∼ 392 ± 33 to ∼ 1,017 ± 46 W·m−1·K−1 with flake thickness from 2 to 50 nm. Besides, pronounced thickness-dependent thermal conductivity ratio (κZZlκAR from ∼ 2.8 ± 0.24 to ∼ 4.3 ± 0.25) has been observed in the CrOCl flakes, attributed to the discrepancy of phonon dispersion and phonon surface scattering. As a demonstration to the heat sink application of layered CrOCl, we then investigate the energy dissipation in graphene devices on CrOCl, SiO2 and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates, respectively. The graphene device temperature rise on CrOCl is only 15.4% of that on SiO2 and 30% on h-BN upon the same electric power density, indicating the efficient heat dissipation of graphene device on CrOCl. Our study provides new insights into two-dimentional (2D) dielectric material with high thermal conductivity and strong anisotropy for the application of thermal management in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we adopt the experience sampling method to investigate the within‐person consequences of workplace envy. Specifically, we investigate the influences of daily workplace envy on employees' daily self‐regulatory resource depletion and subsequent organizational deviance. Drawing on self‐regulatory resource theory, we argue that daily workplace envy diminishes employees' daily self‐regulatory resources, driving them to behave in ways that deviate from organizational norms on the same day. In addition, we propose that ethical leadership prevents daily depleted employees from engaging in daily organizational deviance. The results of a two‐week daily study support the hypotheses. Insights into literature, practice, and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]