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Bamboo is a perennial rapid-growing plant that is given preference for renewable biosources for biofuels and bio-based chemical conversion. Bamboos are rich in cellulose and have highly recalcitrant biomass due to high lignin. Bamboo is abundantly available in Northeastern India and can be utilized as a feedstock biofuels. Here, we evaluated the pretreatment of bamboo residues Dendrocalamus strictus with different concentrations of alkali, hydrogen peroxide, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide and its influence on biomass digestibility for enhancement of sugar recovery with Celic C cellulase enzyme blend. Enzymatic hydrolysis data indicated untreated raw biomass showed a digestibility of 40% after 48 h of incubation. The biomass pretreated with alkali showed a maximum digestibility of 61% obtained from 10% loaded with 0.5% w/v NaOH. Pretreatment of the bamboo with H2O2 shows a maximum digestibility of 75% from biomass loaded with 1% w/v of H2O2. Combinational pretreatment of alkaline hydrogen peroxide showed a maximum efficiency of biomass digestibility of 83% attained from biomass loaded with 1% w/v NaOH-H2O2. Crystallinity index (CrI) analysis showed that CrI increased from 64% to 70.75% in pretreated biomass. FTIR and SEM analysis show changes in functional groups, morphology, and surface of biomass in pretreated biomass. Compositional analysis shows that 68% of lignin removal is obtained from alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment. Cellulose content increased from 52% to 65%, and hemicellulose decreased from 18.6% to 8.6%. Results indicated that the potential possibility of bamboo waste biomass as feedstock for biorefinery products and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment methods is an efficient strategy for sugar recovery for bioethanol production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products is the property of Chemistry & Industry of Forest Products Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A novel integrated process to coproduce bioethanol and lignosulfonate from bamboo residues was investigated. Explicitly, the fermentable sugars (glucose and xylose) were saccharified from the kraft pulped bamboo residues with 12 % effective alkaline charge, followed by a sequential fermentation strategy was applied to produce bio-ethanol from these fermentable sugars. The kraft lignin (KL) generated in pulping process and the enzymatic hydrolysis residues (EHR) were sulfomethylated to produce lignosulfonate. Results showed that 229.8 g of KL, 495.6 g of fermentable sugars (368.7 g glucose and 126.9 g xylose) and 103.6 g of EHR were generated from 1000 g bamboo residues after consequent processes of kraft pulping and enzymatic hydrolysis, respectively. Under optimal conditions of fermentation and sulfomethylation, 1000 g bamboo residues could produce 201.4 g of ethanol (158.7 g from glucose and 42.7 g from xylose) and 234.9 g of pure lignosulfonate (197.6 g from KL and 37.3 g from EHR) from 1000 g bamboo residues. This integrated process may potential be an economically profitable for the biorefinery of bamboo residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parenchymal cells in bamboo are an attractive source of raw materials due to their low degree of lignification and relatively loose cell wall structures. In this study, nanocellulose fibrils (NCFs) were isolated via a combined process of ultrasonication and chemical pretreatment of parenchymal cells separated from Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) by means of a simple screening approach. As indicators of the fibrillation degree served the morphology, optical properties, and dynamic viscosity of the prepared NCF hydrogel as function of ultrasonication time. The mechanical properties of NCF derived films were also determined. The results show that high-quality NCFs can easily be prepared from bamboo parenchymal cells through the above-mentioned process, with an optimal ultrasonication time of 40 min. The utilization of bamboo processing residues via the ultrasonication route is promising and for energy saving production of high-quality NCFs at large scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen-enriched activated carbons prepared from bamboo residues were characterized by means of BET, XPS, and elemental analysis. Then adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effects of various physicochemical parameters such as contact time, temperature, pH, and initial concentration. Adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 120 min at a phenol concentration of 250 mg/L. When the pH was 4 and 0.1 g of the carbon absorbent and 100 mL of phenol solution at 250 mg/L were used, the phenol adsorption of the ACs with melamine and urea modifications were 219.09 mg/g and 214.45 mg/g, respectively. Both were greater than the capacity of unmodified AC, which was 163.82 mg/g. The Langmuir isotherm adsorption equation well described the experimental adsorption isotherms. The adsorption kinetics was well explained by pseudo-second-order kinetics rather than the pseudo-firstorder. In conclusion, the nitrogen-enriched activated carbon proposed as adsorbents of the phenol wastewater were shown to be effective, which also means that bamboo residues have promise as activated carbon precursors for liquid phase adsorbents for environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]