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Background: Endless ink and pixel space have been spent to validate the use of cheiloscopy classification systems in the field of identification. It is becoming evident that lip-print patterns may provide indications about an individual's gender, race, occupation, habits, blood type, and paternity. Over the course of time, much data have been collected on a substantial population in this field. In the present study, we strive to see how well a noble total lip scoring (TLS) system works in identifying a person's gender among the College of Dentistry students. We also quantified the total groove score (TGS) and compared it with each quadrant for better authentication of the set study design. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 60 dental students (30 males and 30 females), with an age range of 18-30 years. Lip prints were recorded using the writing pad method and subsequently digitalized by capturing the images using Adobe Photoshop CS 6 Extended Version, counted and summed up, quadrant-wise, in both upper and lower lips. The TLS and TGS between males and females were statistically calculated using the Jamovi project. Results: The mean value for TLS for males (n = 402; SD ± 92.1) is higher than that for females (n = 348; SD ± 86.1). The correlation matrix applying a non-parametric test for non-continuous data using Spearman's ratio inferred a statistically significant correlation (-0.354) with a P-value of 0.005 for TLS, whereas a correlation (-0.162) of TGS with gender was not so significant with a P-value of 0.217. Conclusion: Our study proved the uniqueness of applying TLS as a novel approach to gender identification. The study revealed that males had a statistically higher lip score than females. Clinical Significance/Future Implications: Being unique, our study inferred the importance of TLS, which needs to be explored in detail for applying, evaluating, and validating its accuracy in forensic research that can help for errorless investigations as full-proof evidence in court. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is necessary to identify human individuals for personal, social, and legal reasons. The use of conventional methods such as use of fingerprints and lip prints is of paramount importance since personal identification by other means such as DNA analysis is sophisticated and not available in rural areas and developing countries. Lip Prints are the Wrinkles and grooves imprints visible on the lips They have been named by Tsuchihashi as 'Sulci labiorum rubrorum'. 19 major groups have been identified in humans by Karl Landsteiner (1971). Among these only "ABO" and "Rhesus" groups are used most of the time. Studies of the association between lip prints, blood groups and gender are scanty in the literature. There are other reference data available on various forms of personal identification such as fingerprints, lip prints, etc. which are of paramount importance. Aim and Objectives: The present study aims to determine and investigate the percentage distribution and the association of lip print, right and left thumbprints, blood groups, and gender among the north Indian population. Materials and Methods: For the study, we enrolled 200 north Indian students aged between 18 years to 25 years as a subject after obtaining ethical clearance from the ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the study subjects. A single calibrated trained interviewer described the purpose and process of the study to the participants and recorded lip print, thumbprint, and blood groups. The examination was done on a simple chair and in abundant daylight conditions. Results: Among the total of 200 north Indian students aged between 18 years to 25 years, lip print in various quadrants was compared with gender, blood groups, and thumbprints were compared, and interpretation was made. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the Reticular pattern was the most predominant lip print pattern followed by Intersected and Branched Patterns in both genders. B+ve blood group was predominant among subjects. Loop pattern was the most predominant thumbprint. There was a significant correlation between left and right thumbprints. The present study did not show any statistical correlation of lip print pattern with gender (P value 0.65), thumbprint pattern (P value 0.56), and ABO blood groups (P value 0.841). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the lip prints of Indian twins and non‑twin siblings to evaluate the existence of heredity in the lip prints of these individuals. Materials and Methods: The study employed a blind, cross‑sectional, quantitative approach with an inductive method and extensive direct observation. The sample consisted of 30 twins and 30 non‑twin siblings, divided into three groups based on gender with 10 subjects in each subgroup. All participants were aged between 10 and 30 years and were instructed on the methods and techniques involved in the study. Results: The lip prints of participants were recorded using dark‑colored lipstick, bond paper, cellophane tape, and a brush, and were examined for lip thickness measurement (in mm), classification of lip commissures, and assessment of groove patterns. The findings were then analyzed to determine the pattern of lip prints among twins and non‑twin siblings. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy, the forensic investigation technique based on lip trace identification, could benefit from this study’s findings as it explores the existence of heredity in lip prints of Indian twins and non‑twin siblings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify if cheiloscopy can be used in sex estimation and identify the reasons behind the lack of consensus in the scientific community. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias in each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized using a descriptive approach. In the 41 included studies, several methodological flaws and variations between studies that contribute to the discrepancy in results were identified. The data gathered allowed us to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the use of cheiloscopy in sex estimation, as there is no specific pattern for each sex, which reduces the criminalistic interest of cheiloscopy in estimating this parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopic examinations have long been conducted, and many scientists have reported the usefulness of cheiloscopy for personal identification with a characteristic and individual pattern of furrows on the vermilion lip. For almost 40 years, research conducted in Poland has determined the patterns of these furrows and the separation and development of their individual features. This was the basis for forming expert opinions and presenting them in court as evidence. In Poland, cheiloscopic expertise is performed and the results of precise procedures that are accredited and assessed serve as evidence. Although the legal system in Poland (continental system) is completely different from the American system, cheiloscopic expertise was also assessed in detail according to the American standards of evidence. This narrative review presents the problem of cheiloscopic expertise as a scientific and practical issue and provides a brief historical overview of this field and the foundations of the Polish cheiloscopic identification method. We conclude that Poland has sufficient historical background and a robust development of cheiloscopy in the field on a scientific and legal basis; however, due to its reports being in the Polish language, its absence from the most relevant specialized literature, or simply a lack of cooperation between countries and experts, the country has unfairly been left out of the discussion. We believe that a new look at the Polish contribution to lip print identification is necessary to reinsert this topic into the current discussion of a new identification paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Lip prints just like fingerprints follow unique patterns in every individual and are said to vary significantly even within the same family. Lip prints can be recognized from 6th week of intrauterine life and remain unchanged throughout their life. The objective of the present study was to evaluate personal identification through lip print patterns with additional reference to twins and members of the same family. Materials and Methods: Lips of 75 males, 75 females, and 30 twins were studied in various quadrants. In addition, the pattern in the middle 10 mm of the lower lip was also evaluated to note the pattern distribution and dominance of the type of pattern in different genders. Lip print patterns in five families across three generations (eight members each of the same family) were observed for the existence of inheritance of patterns from their ancestors. Results: Among males and females, the most common pattern in the middle 10 mm of the lower lip is Type III (34.66%) and Type IV (32%), respectively. In the middle 10 mm of the lower lip, 33.33% of twins have similar lip patterns but with differences in its arrangements. The result showed different lip print patterns even in twins and among the members of the same family across three generations, with some similar patterns which suggesting hereditary influences in lip prints. Conclusion: In the present, we can see that lip prints are unique and permanent for every human being even among twins and individuals of the same family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Lip prints are unique and have potential for use as a human identifier. The purpose of this study was to observe possible cheiloscopy differences of individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits such as smoking, vaping, playing a wind instrument or using an asthma inhaler. Methods: This IRB approved blinded cross‐sectional observation pilot study collected lip prints from 66 individuals, three of which were excluded. Participants cleansed their lips, then lipstick was applied to the vermillion zones of the upper and lower lips. Adhesive tape was applied to the lips and prints were transferred to white bond paper for viewing purposes. Each set of included lip prints was divided into quadrants and dichotomized into a group of those with an oral parafunctional habit or with no such habits. Each quadrant sample was then manually analysed and classed according to the gold standard Suzuki and Tsuchihashi system. Results: A total of 252 dichotomized lip print quadrants (with habits n = 76, 30.2%, and without habits n = 176, 69.8%) were analysed. Type II patterns were the most common for examined quadrant samples; however, no statistically significant differences (Pearson's chi‐squared test, p = 0.366) were observed between pattern classifications of samples with and without parafunctional oral habits. Conclusions: There is no statistically significant difference of lip print patterns between individuals with and without parafunctional oral habits. Further research on populational variations is needed for cheiloscopy to aid in human identifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is one of the investigative methods that utilises the anatomy and morphology of lips to identify individuals by their lip prints. Lip prints are a distinctive pattern made up of ridges and grooves on the labial mucosa, or sulci labiorum; cheiloscopy is the study of such patterns. Material and Methods: The study group comprised of 50 males and 50 females aged between 18 and 25 years in the Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh for a period of 1 year i.e., from August 2021 to September 2022. Results: Each individual lips were divided into 4 regions- upper right, upper left, lower right, and lower left and a total of 400 lip regions (100x4) were assessed for 6 types of lip groove patterns- Type I, Type I', Type II, Type III, Type IV, and Type V as per the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The most common type of lip print pattern in males was Type III (32.5%) while in females it was Type II (36%). Conclusion: Lip prints are distinctive to each person and can be used to identify a person and ascertain their gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In criminal investigations and court cases, as well as in civil identification and civil litigation, forensic dentistry is essential. The analysis of lip prints is among the least invasive and cost effective way of human identification. Lip prints like blood groups can add as an adjunct in the investigations where in situations of mass disasters.The aim of the study was to assess and corelate lip pattern and blood groups in 100 study participants. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 participants, 50 male and 50 female were included in the study. The method followed was according to Costa and Caldas Technique, and the classification method followed was according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi Y et al. Result: Type 1 and Type 4 showed correlation with O positive blood group. Type III was seen with a predilection with B positive blood group. It was further observed that type 1 lip print type was seen more in males when compared to females. Females showed both Type 1 and Type 4 lip print. Discussion: The present study showed a trail of association with Type 1 and 4 in O positive blood group subjects. The Type 1 was seen in males and females, but females were more associated with Type 4 lip print. This study was in accordance with the results found by Kersarwani et al. in 2021. Conclusion: Though the present study showed no statistical significance it can be carried out with a larger sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary lip prints have been studied by several researchers. However, the literature shows no consensus among the scientific community regarding this topic. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to gather evidence to clarify whether the surface structure of lip prints is hereditary and, consequently, if a familial relationship between individuals can be established through the analysis of lip prints. The systematic review was performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. A bibliographic survey was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, restricted to articles published between 2010 and 2020. Studies were selected according to eligibility criteria, and then the study data were collected. The risk of bias of each study was assessed and applied as additional inclusion or exclusion criteria. The results of the articles eligible for analysis were synthesized by a descriptive approach. In the seven included studies, methodological variations, including the definition of similarity, that contribute to the heterogeneity of results were identified. The data gathered allowed to conclude that there is no strong scientific evidence to support the hypothesis of the existence of heredity in the surface structure of lip prints, since it was not proven that similarities between parents and children occur systematically in all families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: A probable association between dermatoglyphics and malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancy may exist as dermal ridges, and craniofacial structures develop from the same embryonic tissues during the same embryonic period. The study aims to assess and correlate the pattern of fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae in individuals with malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancy. Materials and Methods: The 180 samples collected in the study were divided into 3 groups based on cephalometric analysis into class I, II, and III malocclusion. The fingerprints, lip prints, and palatal rugae patterns were obtained for each participant and pattern analysis was done. Results: Class I malocclusion with no skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop fingerprint patterns on all fingers except the first finger on the right and left hand, branched lip pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1 and 4. Class II malocclusion related to skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop pattern on all fingers except in the fourth finger of the right hand which showed a whorl pattern, branched lip pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1, 4, and 5. Class III malocclusion related to skeletal discrepancy showed a statistically significant difference in the loop pattern on all fingers except in the fourth finger of the right hand which showed an absence of arch pattern, vertical lip print pattern, and straight palatal rugae pattern in primary rugae 1. Conclusion: Dermatoglyphics analysis can be used to indicate developing malocclusions related to skeletal discrepancies. at an early age, thereby aiding the development of treatment aiming to establish favorable occlusion. Prospective and various ethnic and racial-based studies would be valuable for the establishment of dermatoglyphic markers of malocclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The knowledge and importance of blood groups emerged from transfusion medicine and its relation with certain malignancies has been proven. Its importance in forensic medicine was brought to light when its association was found with the distribution of finger patterns. Thus, few studies exist proving the relationship between dactyloscopy and blood groups. Cheiloscopy on other hand is the study of the irregularities present on the lips forming a unique arrangement called the prints of the lip. Aim: Our paper aims at elucidating any unique combination if any that exists between prints on lips, prints of fingers, and blood grouping in a specific population, which might help in the identification of an individual. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 subjects of age varying from 15 to 40 years were included in the study. Subjects comprised of 50 males and 50 females. All the subjects were examined and their prints of lips along with prints of their fingers were taken. Blood groups were determined for each patient using the ABO system. Results: Type I was found to be the predominant pattern of lips and whorl arrangement was the most recorded type of fingerprint in males whereas Type II arrangement along with loop prints of fingers was most observed in the case of females. The most common blood group in males was B+ and in females was O+ . Correlation between three parameters was obtained by Pearson correlation statistical analysis. Conclusion: The prints of the lips and fingers of an individual have never been similar and they tend to remain the same from a person's birth until his death. An association between the three things of an individual that is prints of lips, fingers, and his blood group has been tried to be elucidated through the present research to aid in forensic identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip traces and teeth marks can play an important role in identifying people, as forensic sciences based on new technologies are constantly evolving. As for lips, the pattern of wrinkles on them has individual characteristics like fingerprints, so lip print studies have come to attract the attention of scientists as a new tool for human identification. Coming into contact with the body or clothing of other people, with smoking items and various kitchen utensils, the lips, through cosmetic deposits, saliva deposits and food, form traces that are suitable for use in criminal investigation activity. Scientific research undertaken by specialists in the field demonstrates that lip traces can reproduce characteristic elements of shape, size and relief (disposition of the papillae, the vertical groove of the upper lip, and the dimple of the lower lip) which, under certain conditions, can ensure the identification of the author. In their turn, teeth marks have an important value in identifying people, they can be found especially in the case of crimes of violence, rape, robbery (both on the body of the victim and the aggressor), but also in the case of other non-violent crimes, when such traces are left on the crime scene in various bitten food products (cheeses, fruits, such as apples, pears, etc.), capable of delicately preserving the details of the teeth pattern. In both cases, through this study we aimed to highlight the most important aspects related to the forensic research of lip traces and teeth marks, their expertise, as well as the limits and challenges related to the probative value of the expertise carried out in the case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latent fingerprints (LFPs) are one among the most important types of evidences at crime scenes because of the distinctiveness and tenacity of the friction ridges in fingerprints (FPs). Therefore, it is essential in forensic science to develop a reliable method to detect LFPs. Traditional detection methods still face a number of difficulties, such as limited sensitivity, low contrast, strong background, and complex processing stages. In this study, MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ (1–5 mol%) (MZ:Tb) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared via a simple solution combustion (SC) method at low temperature. The photoluminescence (PL) investigation demonstrates that when excited at 379 nm, the produced NCs emits distinctive emission peaks of terbium ions (Tb3+). According to the photometric results, the NCs can be employed as warm light NCs and emit light in the green portion of the colour spectrum. The estimated optical band gap from diffuse reflectance spectra is found to be in the range 4.84–4.97 eV. Regardless of the type of surface being used, the optimized MgO‐ZrO2:Tb3+ (4 mol%) (MZ:4Tb) NCs has a strong ability to minimize background fluorescence interference. With high contrast LFP and I–V type of cheiloscopy, these NCs present a flexible fluorescent mark for the identification of levels 1–3 details in forensic investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy may not be as well-known as other techniques of identification, such as fingerprint or DNA analysis, but it has its own impact in the appropriate circumstances. Cheiloscopy has been recognized as an important tool for human identification. A manual approach of studying lip prints was utilised by many researchers (magnifying glasses). Nonetheless, the current study relied solely on a mobile phone camera to visually capture lip prints for sex determination. 377 samples of lip prints were analysed with Adobe Photoshop software and classified into six different types of lip print patterns, according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classifications. Lip prints were divided into six sections including upper left, upper middle, upper right, lower left, lower middle and lower right. Pearson's Chi-square test revealed significant differences between male and female lip prints (p < 0.05) among the Malaysian Malay population of the Klang Valley, with Type V (irregular pattern) lip prints being the most prevalent. In comparison to magnifying glasses, our studies proved the ability to record and examine lip prints utilising a digital approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of human beings forms the basis of any criminal investigation. Lip print study, also known as cheiloscopy is the study of patterns formed by the ridges and grooves on the external surface of lips. This study aims to classify lip prints and study its correlation to sex. Methodology: 205 student participants who volunteered were included in this study of which females were 123 and males were 82. A food safe pigment was applied to the lips. Over this pigment, the glued portion of the cellophane tape strip was placed and the subject was asked to make a lip impression in the normal rest position of the lips by dabbing it in the centre first and then pressing it uniformly toward the corners of the lips. The cellophane strip was then stuck to the white chart paper for permanent record purpose, then visualized by magnifying lens and analysed quadrant wise. Conclusion The most common lip print in the upper lip was found to be type 3 and in the lower lip was found to be type 4. Statistically significant difference with respect to sex was observed in first quadrant only (p = 0.01) and not in others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The concept of lip prints is clear from previous literature review that this evidence can be used for forensic purpose. While accepting that a body of data existed regarding the individuality of lip pattern, there is no credible research on the stability of the lip detail over time. The timescale in question could be measured in weeks and months or years. The former would be used in police investigations and the latter can be used by geneticist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: India is one of the largest countries which is inhabited by diverse populations of different tribes, castes, religious, and migrant groups. In forensic investigation, personal identification plays the greatest importance. Lip prints are considered as one such tool for personal identification. Study of lip prints is referred to as cheiloscopy and they are considered as unique in every individual just like fingerprints. Materials and Methods: Three hundred randomly selected specimens were taken in our study comprising of both the genders and of various regions from Odisha, West Bengal (WB) and Bihar was considered in the study. The age selected in our study ranged from 18 to 25 years comprising of 151 males and 149 females. Lip impression was made and viewed for different lip prints pattern under a magnifying glass of 10X. Results: There was a total of six lip print type identified in the present study. The type of lip print pattern found more in males was Type 2 and in females was Type 1. The type of lip print pattern found more in Bihar and WB was Type 2 and Odisha was Type 1. Conclusion: As the lip print is unique for every individual, Cheiloscopy is considered as a useful method of identification in forensic odontology. The study showed statistically significant difference in gender with a variation in geographical location. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print (LP) evidence can be an essential tool for human forensics. LPs have conventionally been developed using substances such as lysochrome dyes, fluorescent dyes, indigo dye, aluminium powder, and silver metallic powder. However, techniques for LP enhancement from various substrates are currently inconsistent and lack standardisation in practice. This review summarises current knowledge on the physical and chemical techniques of LP enhancement, identifies limitations, and provides suggestions for future research on practical applications of cheiloscopy as a forensic tool in criminal justice. The grooves and wrinkles of the human lip establish unique patterns that persist throughout life. Cheiloscopic patterns exhibit discriminatory individual characteristics that may constitute circumstantial forensic evidence. Enhancement techniques for latent lip prints on porous and nonporous substrates can be classified as physical or chemical. Unlike fingerprint, there is a current lack of consistency and/or standardisation on latent lip print enhancement methods in frontline forensic practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess for any peculiar lip prints in relation to the lip shapes of individual, and determine the most common lip print type among the members of biological families. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Women Medical & Dental College, Abbottabad. Period: January 2018 to June 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 216 individuals (father, mother, both children's), who underwent descriptive study of lip impression collection without any anesthesia or drug, were enrolled into the present study. Father, mother and two babies of each family were selected. Lip prints of Father, mother and both babies of each family were recorded. Each lip of 54 offspring's was compared with the corresponding lip of his/her father mother and other baby. The segments of each lip of the offspring's that matched/ resembled with either of father mother and biological babies were recorded. Results: Out of 54-total families, biological babies of 19(35.18%) families observed resemblance with father, whereas biological babies of 35(64.81%) families observed resemblance with mother. There was no definite identical lip print observed in any of the children. Furthermore, the prevalence of Type II lip prints was higher type present in males and in females. We observed that lip shape 7 was the most frequent lip shape type in most of individuals. Conclusion: Lip prints of study participants did not clearly match with each other, evenly distributed in both genders and distinctive similar to finger prints. The data did not show any specific association of the lip print type with lip shape. It is considered feasible to apply lip prints features in personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip grooves are unchangeable, permanent and unique to one person and they play a huge role as a marker of sagital jaw relation and gender differentiation. Identification of people is often very difficult, challenging and time-consuming process. The most used techniques in identification processes are DNA comparison, fingerprints and odontometrics measurements. However DNA is very expensive and cannot be used for everyone. Hence fingerprints sometimes in burns also cannot be conducted because of severe decomposition. Sometimes is necessary to apply different and less known techniques. Lip grooves are nonusual, simple, reliable, cost – effective, noninvasive techniques that can be used successfully in human identification. This article reviews different conclusions of authors who researched about these topics. The aim of the study is to establish identity of population of South-East Kosovo, selected among schools of this region, 14 to18 year old, divided equally between girls and boys, using Cheiloscopy. Material and methods: The study involves 17 adolescents of South-East of Kosovo selected among schools of this region, 14- to 18-year-old. All participants are well informed for the purpose of the study and signed an informed consent prepared before the examination. Lip prints are recorded using red lip stick. Materials that are being used are: White paper A4 size white paper, Cellophane tape (10 cm long), Graphite pencil (AIHAO 0.7 mm), Dark red color lipstick, nonglossy (pretty by flormar), Magnifying lens, Scissors. The lipstick is applied with cotton wools gently into the lips and spread over, evenly in upper and lower lip. The lip prints are taken with cellophane tape in the relaxed position of lips. Then the lip prints are immediately stocked on to a piece of white bond paper for further analyses, by using magnifying lens. Also, the thickness and length of the lips will be measured separately for the upper lip and for the lower lip with standard Vernier caliper (0-150 mm) Results: The predominant lip pattern in both genders is Type II lip pattern followed by type I. The most predominant lip pattern among males is type I and II, and Type II & IV lip pattern among females. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy reveals strong association with sagital skeletal jaw relation, thus predicting malocclusions that could be managed early with preventive and interceptive orthodontics. Cheiloscopy also has the role in identification of people in forensic medicine, because identification of human bodies sometimes is very challenging task. When DNA and fingerprints in several circumstances could not be done, lip prints could be considered as an alternative source for identification, because of their highly unique structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The wrinkles and grooves visible on the lips form the characteristic pattern of an individual and imprints produced is termed as "lip print." The study of these prints is known as "cheiloscopy." Variations in patterns among males and females could help in sex determination. Lip prints, therefore, can constitute material evidence left at a crime spot, equivalent to fingerprints. These patterns are heritable and are believed to be unique and permanent. The lip prints of parents and children and those of siblings have been shown to have some similarities. The influence of inherited lip print patterns among family members is still a new concept and studies are scanty in literature. Objectives: The objectives are to determine the most common patterns and gender-wise distribution among the study population and to analyze the inherited lip print patterns from parents to their offspring. Materials and Methods: Lip prints of 30 families were obtained using lipstick and cellophane tape. Based on criteria given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi, patterns were recorded and analyzed from four quadrants of the lips using a magnifying lens. Results: The positive resemblance of lip print patterns from parents to their offsprings showed statistically significant resemblance in one quadrant and rest of the three quadrants showed no significant association between parents and offspring. Conclusion: Positive resemblance among the family members can be attributed to the genetics and inheritance. Lip print can be considered as an auxiliary method of identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The robust nature of teeth and their ability to resist destruction, make them indispensable evidence in cases where human identification by a scientific method is required. Forensic odontology is the branch of dentistry that combines knowledge of teeth and oral and maxillofacial region of a dentist with the legal system. Dental identification has proven to be a boon in disaster victim identification. Besides teeth, an odontologist can also help identify unknown domains from other features such as the palatal rugae, lip prints, frontal sinus, etc. Forensic Odontology can also assist in the biological profiling of human remains by sex determination, age assessment, racial profiling, and information about habits or pathologies from dental traits. Dental age estimation is a crucial part of the age estimation process in the medico-legal system. Research has shown that dental age estimation by studying mineralization and development of teeth in children and young adults can be fairly accurate and supplement skeletal age assessment. Biological profiling is required to be done for reconstructive identification by forensic facial reconstruction, especially in cold cases. Equipped with the expertise of dental structures, oral and maxillofacial region, overall skull anthropology, forensic odontology can contribute towards the identification of skeletonized, decomposed, or mutilated remains especially in cold cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim The present study was conducted to assess gender identification and this can be used as a reliable tool in the identification of an individual at any judicial process. Materials and Methods This study comprised of 82 dental students (42 females and 40 males) with age ranging from 19 to 21 years. Lip prints were recorded with the help of a cellophane tape strip and analysed according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification criteria. Results The mean age distribution among males was 20.07 ± 0.81 where as in females it was 19.78 ± 0.73. Distribution of different patterns in upper lip vertical patterns was very prominent when compared with reticular, branched and intersecting. Distribution of different patterns in lower lip branched patterns was very prominent when compared with reticular and verticals. Comparing between upper lip with lower lip pattern wise there was no statistically significant. Compared different patterns in relation with lower lip the values showing stastically significant (p≤0.05). Summary and Conclusions Lip prints or Cheiloscopy can be used an individual identification. The results obtained in our study do not show any evidence that cheiloscopy can be used as gender identification. This could be because of smaller sample size, we need larger sample to give consolidated evidence related with gender identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: A latent lip print can be important evidence, and specific substances are needed for the development of a latent lip print. However, collecting the lip print may difficult due to people who have sensitive skin with lipsticks and almost men who do not wear lipstick. Moreover, the enhancement methods of latent lip print are still lack of standardization and consistency. Aim: To develop a new staining method for the study of the lip print patterns Thai population. Method: The latent lip prints were collected from 24 males and 24 females. The ability of Roselle extract was investigated for developing latent lip prints on cigarette paper. The developed lip print was used for the morphological pattern analysis using Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification criteria combined with Autodesk SketchBook. Result: The results revealed that Roselle extract exhibited potential as a staining dye for the development of latent lip prints on cigarette paper. Among the 24 males and 24 females, Type I was found to be most common and was present in 54.55% of the volunteers, followed by Types I’, II and IV (21.12%, 14.58%, and 9.03%, respectively). The least common patterns were Types III and V, each represented in 0.35% of the total volunteers. Conclusion: latent lip print could be used for study of lip print pattern by stained with Roselle extract. Moreover, a digital method using Autodesk SketchBook serves as an alternative method that provides ease in storing and identification of lip print pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy (quiloscopy) is a method of identification of a person based on characteristic arrangement of lines appearing on the red part of lips. Lip prints are unique to an individual, and persist in their characteristics over a period of years. They are like fingerprints reliable method for identification. The aim of the study was to find out various patterns of lip prints and the commonest pattern observed in both males and females. Materials and method: The study was carried out on 200 individuals residing in suburban area in Dakshina Kannada District, of ages ranging from 12-60yrs of both sexes after taking consent. The present study was carried out from 2013 to 2015.The materials used were dark colour lipstick, bond paper, cello tape. Results: The common pattern of lip print observed was Type I in the entire study population in both males and females. In Dakshina Kannada however it was not statistically proved significant. There was no significance between patterns and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of vital importance in forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal enquiries. The applicability of Cheiloscopy ( study of pattern of lip print), one of the easiest tools available in individual and medicolegal identification, is an area of extensive research in recent years. With the objective to investigate the uniqueness of lip patterns in relation to gender and blood groups, this study was conducted on 100 subjects, which included 50 males and 50 females. The lip prints obtained were studied by applying Suzuki and Tsuchihashi’s classification.Type 2 (37%) was the most common lip print type in males and Type 3 (38.5%) was the most common lip print type in females. The Lower lip print can help in gender determination. No significant statistical correlation was found between the lip print patterns and blood group. Along with the traditional methods of identification like fingerprint analysis,Cheiloscopy can also be helpful in the identification of a person.However, the utility of the same in forensic medicine still remains largely untapped and unacknowledged. Similar studies with larger sample sizes are required to obtain statistically significant reports thereby allowing a more impactful emergence of lip print patterns usage in forensic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. Since the inception of the technique, the techniques is being used to evaluate the individual identity and its association with sex determination. As the blood stains may also be present at a crime scene, further studies have also been done to evaluate the association of common blood group pattern with lip prints. Aims and Objectives: To study the patterns of lip print and its association with blood group and gender in adults. Methods: In this prospective observational study, data were collected from 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females). All the subjects fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were in the age group of 18-30 years. In this study lip print pattern samples were collected by paper fold method and blood group samples were collected and both were analysed according to Tsuchihashi classification and Landsteiner’s classification respectively. Results: A The predominant lip print pattern found in males, females and both the gender together was Type 1- complete vertical in both upper and lower lips. Predominant blood group found in this study was B+ve. Most frequent lip print pattern found in all blood group types was Type 1- complete vertical. Conclusions: Our study revealed an association between distribution of lip print pattern and gender. There was no correlation found in between blood group types and the cheiloscopic patterns. Further studies in different populations with large sample size are required to obtain a more definitive picture and statistical significance of this correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge, awareness and practice of forensic odontology among undergraduate dental students. Methodology: The data was collected through a questionnaire which contained 15 close-ended questions shared through online platform. And circulated amongst undergraduate dental students through online platform, all data were completely filled and statistical analysis was done. Result: The results of this study show that Interns were the group with the most Knowledge about Forensic Odontology (p=0.0004). 75% of the Interns scored >90 and contrastingly, around 30% of the IV, III, II and I years scored >90. Conclusion: This study divulges that there was adequate knowledge and awareness of forensic odontology amongst the Interns and very few of other group students (I, II, III and IVyear) have adequate knowledge and awareness regarding forensic odontology. Although the significance of maintenance of dental records are established, it has not been practiced among the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip prints permanency, finger print as well as the number of easily observable and measurable characteristics have been one of the most suitable parameters for studying personal identification. The study, aimed at determining the relationship between lip and finger prints with relation to sex among Ebira Ethnic Group of Nigeria Four hundred and . ten subjects (205 males and 205 females) aged between 18-65 years, participated in the study. Fischer's formula or infinite population was used to calculate the optimal sample size. Lip prints of the participants were collected using lip gloss and microscopic slides pressed gently on the lips, ink powder is slightly blown on the slides to show the prints.A HP G3110 Scanjet Scanner (9000 x 4800 dpi resolution) which is a classical type of scanner was used to determine digital patterns of the fingers. SPSS version 20.0 was used in analysing the data. Statistical significance was put into consideration using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) when (P = 0.05 or P 0.05). The predominant lip print pattern of the upper and lower lip of both sexes distributed as Type II and Type IV which are sexually dimorphic, on both hands the most prominent finger print pattern was the loop for both female and males which shows no significant sex difference. The association between lip and finger prints was significant. This is very important in personal identification in forensics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing worldwide. Reliable and noninvasive tools that can be used to diagnose such conditions may help us in mass screening and prevention. Finger prints and lip prints have been used as the genetic markers in some diseases such as diabetes mellitus. Studies to correlate a possible association of such markers among obese individuals have not been reported in India to date. The present study was conducted to determine and compare the lip print and finger print patterns in normal and obese individuals and also to evaluate any possible correlation between the lip prints and finger prints in both the study groups. Methodology: Lip and finger print patterns of 100 obese and equal number of age- and sex-matched healthy individuals were analyzed. Right thumb, right index, left thumb and left index finger prints were evaluated. Gender-wise comparison was also made. Results: Lip prints revealed no significant difference between obese and nonobese individuals. Predominant Type I lip print was observed in both the study groups. Comparison of finger prints between obese and nonobese individuals revealed a highly significant results for all the fingers. Predominant finger print patterns in the right thumb, right index, left thumb and left index among obese individuals were whorl (51%), loop (83%), whorl (79%) and arch (74%), respectively. No correlation between the lip prints and finger prints was noted. Conclusion: Finger prints in the obese individuals showed significant differences when compared to the normal controls while lip prints failed to reveal any significant difference. Lip prints did not correlate with the finger prints. Right thumb revealed a significant gender difference among obese individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To characterize the lip print pattern in a study population and to ascertain its potential for sex determination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 undergraduate students (144 males and 156 females). Simple random sampling was used. Lip prints were obtained with lipstick and were classified according to Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. Data were analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The prevalence of lip print patterns was presented as frequencies and percentages, and the test of significance of gender difference was done with chi-square at the 95 percent confidence interval. Result: No two lip print patterns were found to be the same. There was a significant difference in the lip print patterns of females and males. In females, the pattern with the highest frequency was type II (40.4%). This was followed by type I (36.5%), type III (13.5%), type V (7.1%), and type IV (2.6%). In males, the pattern with the highest frequency was type IV (28.5%). This was followed by type III (26.4%), types I and V (each 16.0%), and type II (13.2%). When both sexes were considered together, type II was the most frequent pattern. Conclusion: Lip print is unique to individuals and it has potential for sex determination. The most prevalent patterns in females and males were type II and type IV, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print is an anatomical character of the human lips. In forensic identification, lip print patterns can lead us to important information and helps in person's identification. The grooves present on human lips (Sulci labiorum) are unique to each person and can be used to determine identity. Fingerprints, post-mortem reports and of late, DNA fingerprinting, have been successful in person identification in the field of forensic science. Just as in these method, lip prints can be instrumental in identifying a person positively and can be used to verify the presence or absence of a person at the scene of crime. Cheiloscopic techniques have an equal value in relation to other types of forensic evidences for personal identification. Material and Method: The study was conducted on 100 students of age group 18-25 yrs. Lip stick was applied on each individual and the lip-print was obtained on a paper. The lip impression patterns were studied, classified and recorded using magnifying lens with light. Result: Lip patterns are unique for the individual and no two patterns are identical to each other. In study population,Type III pattern was most common in male while In females predominant pattern was type I. Thus in medico legal case, due to clear differentiation in sexes it is easy to identify person and gender. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy can be reliable method for personal identification and gender dimorphism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout the last 100 years, Forensic Odontology is becoming an integralpart of Medico Legal research which uses dental as well as oro-facial studies to aid in the investigation for judicial system. It can be used in legal investigations which involve the identification of human remains, bite marks and age estimation & the list goes on. Dental practitioners have a significant responsibility of keeping correct dental records and supplying the relevant details to law enforcement authorities'. This paper will attempt to sum up the current positions of Forensic Medicine dental experts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification plays a major role in crime investigation. One of the most effective methods of identification are fingerprints. Like fingerprints, lip prints are also unique for individuals and remain the same throughout life. They are not influenced by environmental changes, trauma and diseases. The uniqueness of lip has been proven by researchers by using shape analysis and colour information. Lip prints can also provide some important information in crime investigations and have the ability to distinguish individuals and are used in human identification purposes. Human lips recognition is one of the most emerging methods of human identification that originates from forensic and criminal practice. Lip prints are captured by police technicians and further analysis provides valuable evidence. The use of lip prints first started in 1950 and researches were carried out in 1970. The wrinkles pattern on the lips has individual characteristics like fingerprints. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation method that deals with the study of elevations and depressions which form a characteristic pattern on the external surface of the lips. This is unique for individuals. Lip print recording is used in forensic investigation that deals with identification of humans, based on lip traces. Lip prints can be a basis for conclusion such as sexes, habits and character of that event. At a crime site lip prints can either be visible or latent. Print produced by a traditional lipstick is easily identifiable. Latent print investigation is important in resolving any criminal act. Latent lip prints are invisible prints and can be identified by using fingerprint powder. Long lasting lipsticks produce prints that are invisible and require reagents to develop the prints. The porous and multicoloured surfaces are the surfaces in which a print is difficult to identify and cannot be easily seen. Cups, glasses, tissue papers and napkins may have imprints of the suspect's lips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Personal identification is becoming increasingly important not only in legal medicine but also in criminal investigation, identification and in Genetic Research. The grooves present on the lips are unique for every person. Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with the identification based on lip traces. The aim of this study was to assess the specific lip print pattern for personal identification, its uniqueness among males and females and the reliability of the technique in suspect identification at the crime site. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) aged between 10 and 50 years; dark-colored lipstick was applied uniformly on the lips and clear impressions of the lips were taken on the bond paper. The scanned lip-print image studied using Microsoft office picture manager. Fingerprints were analyzed by following the classification given by Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. Chi-square test and p-value of the samples were calculated. Results: The study revealed that the lip print patterns for each individual were unique and there was no peculiar pattern distribution among male and female subjects. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy is analogous to fingerprint analysis and can be used as a tool for individual identification along with dermatoglyphics. It can also be used as an aid in forensic sex determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is the branch of forensic dentistry studying the patterns and the systems of the lips' grooves for identification purposes. Different authors have studied different ethnic population but no research has been carried out specific to the Italian population. This study aimed to describe the pattern and the system of lip grooves in an Italian population composed of 96 subjects. The lip prints were taken as follows: a thin film of lipstick was applied onto cleaned and dried inferior and superior lips. The impressions of the lips were taken using a transparent adhesive tape. The grooves were identified and classified according to the classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi and a pattern was assigned. Sixty-eight different patterns were detected in the superior lips and 53 different patterns in the inferior lips. The most frequent pattern was the III-IV-IV-III and II-I-I-II for superior and inferior lips respectively. Within the limit of the sample size, the morphological analysis of the lip-prints confirmed their potential uniqueness in an Italian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The most crucial evidence that is left behind at the crime scenarios that might narrow down the suspect pool are lip prints and fingerprints. These are undoubtedly the most reliable and valuable evidence till date in the court of law. One more biological record that remains unchanged throughout the lifespan of a person is the blood group.Aim and Objectives: To study, correlate and compare cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy with blood group among dental students in the Western Maharashtra population.Materials and Methods: A total of 200 dental students with age groups ranging between 18-25 years were included in the study. Lip print pattern, fingerprint pattern and ABO blood groups were collected and compared. SPSS version 20.0 was used to analyse the data.Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between lip prints and ABO - Rh (χ2 37.56, P < 0.05) as well as between fingerprints and ABO-Rh blood groups (χ2 30.6, P < 0.05).Conclusion: Hence, this study concluded that fingerprints-ABO blood group and lip prints-ABO blood groups are valuable evidence that can be relied upon in forensic investigations for the identification of the suspect in crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print patterns are referred to as unique to each individual, but controversy exists surrounding twins. In this study, the lip prints of 19 pairs of monozygotic and 47 pairs of dizygotic twins were studied. The left lower lip was photographed and the furrows were classified using Renaud's classification. Results showed the same lip pattern was found only in one monozygotic pair (5.3%) and in 4 dizygotic pairs (8.5%), and no significant statistical differences were found between groups (p>0.05). In monozygotic twins only type C furrows presence displayed statistical significant differences (p=0.034). As for dizygotic twins, there were statistical significant differences in the frequency of type A (p=0.005) and type G furrows (p=0.018). As for the most common types, both groups displayed a higher prevalence of vertical furrows (type B: 97.4% and 96.8%, type A: 86.8% and 87.2%, in monozygotic and dizygotic, respectively). The least frequent furrow type was type I and type E in monozygotic (2.6% and 5.3%, respectively) and types E, F and I, in dizygotic (6.4%, 7.4%. and 7.4%, respectively). Our results seem to point out that lip print patterns should be useful carefully in twins' identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Personal identification has an important role in forensic sciences. Lip print and thumb print can be used for personal identification since they are unique for individuals and do not change during the life of a person. Objective: To analyse predominant patterns of lip print in females and males, To analyse predominant patterns of finger print in females and males, To identify if there exists any correlation between lip prints and finger prints. Material and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted in Sathyabama Dental College among 500 individuals (250 females and 250 males) between age group of 18-40 years. Fingerprint and lip print of all the subjects were collected and compared, and the results were analyzed based on Micheal Kucken classification system for fingerprints and Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification for lip prints. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out. Level of significance was set as 0.05. Result: Reticular lip print pattern was found in majority (36.4%) of the males, whereas vertical grooves (29.6%) and branched grooves (29.6%) are common in females. Finger prints showed that loop pattern is more common in both males and females. This study showed a significant correlation between lip prints and thumb pattern in males while females showed no significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cheiloscopy is a forensic investigation technique that deals with the identification based on lip traces. Based upon the research, it was established that the arrangement of lines on the red part of human lips is unique for each human being. The present study is an attempt to determine the pattern of lip prints and evaluate its uniqueness in a sample of Naga population and also their association with print in the four quadrants of the lip. A total of 100 (15-40) years individuals were randomly selected. With the help of brush a layer of lipstick was applied on the lips of the subject. Following the basis of Tsuchihashi's classification the lip prints collected were studied. It was found that Type I' pattern was predominant among the studied subjects followed by Type I and Type III pattern while Type V pattern was the least frequent Lip pattern distribution in (all four quadrants) in both males and females of Nagas. It is found that no two or more persons had similar features of lip grooves. The frequency of repetition of the lip print pattern in successive quadrant is found to be high. Lip print pattern can be used as an additional tool for personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lip prints are seen to remain the same for an individual throughout his/her life. Cheiloscopy can be used as an effective tool in the identification of the persons from pieces of evidence that may be left behind from lip prints. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the current research was to evaluate the predominant lip groove pattern among Calicut population, Kerala. Materials and Methods: The study involved 2112 individuals (1056 males and 1056 females) in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala. Lipstick was used to record the lip groove patterns and the patterns were visualized by magnifying lens after the institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from the individual. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software 22.0. Results: Among the study population, Type 1', Type 1, Type 4, and Type 5 were found to be common lip groove patterns. Males showed predominance on Type 1' and Type 1 lip groove patterns, whereas females showed predominance on Type 4 and Type 5 lip groove patterns. The results were similar when analyzed on upper and lower lips separately on males and females. Conclusion: Cheiloscopy is a reliable tool in personal identification and gender determination of an individual. The geographical prevalence of lip groove patterns was reported in the current research and is added to the database of the anthropological data. Studies in different geographical regions will add lip groove patterns on the database in the future and henceforth the potential of cheiloscopy could be further utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy have long been the most commonly used methods for forensic investigations. Orthodontists perform numerous diagnostic procedures, which include radiographs, photographs and impressions of the teeth and palate for the evaluation of malocclusion. The data recorded by them provide immense information about a patient. Fingerprints, lip prints and palatal rugae have been considered the most stable, reliable, imitable, convenient, cost-effective and time-friendly modes of investigating crime and other purposes. Aim: The main aim of this study is to correlate cheiloscopy, fingerprint pattern and palatoscopy to skeletal Class I sagittal jaw relationship and to include cheiloscopy, fingerprint pattern assessment and palatoscopy in routine orthodontic investigation procedures as an adjunct procedure in individual identification. Methods: Fingerprints, lip prints, palatal rugae pattern and lateral cephalograms of 37 skeletal Class I patients were obtained using standardized procedures. Results: In Class I skeletal malocclusion, the maximum number of patients exhibited ulnar loop dermal pattern, Type 1 and Type 2 lip patterns and a wavy rugae pattern (Kapali et al. primary classification). Conclusion: Orthodontists prepare various antemortem records for diagnostic purposes, i.e., photographs, the impression of the teeth and palate, lateral cephalograms, orthopantomograms and hand-wrist radiographs. If orthodontists recorded additional data of finger and lip prints, the archives of an orthodontist would be of tremendous profit to forensic sciences in individual identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study of lip prints, is commonly applied in forensic odontology and it is known as cheiloscopy. The term cheiloscopy was derived from Greek words, in which "cheilos" means lip and "scopy" means to examine. In general, cheiloscopy is define as a method of identifying an individual based on the arrangement of lines seen on the red part of the lips or a science dealing with the various line appearing on the red part of the lips. The pattern of wrinkles and grooves that are present on the lips has distinct characteristic features of an individual which are almost similar to the fingerprints. It also will not change throughout the life. Therefore, it can be used for personal identification and sex determination. Aim: To investigate lip print pattern in males and females and to evaluate them between Malaysian and Indian population. Materials and Method: There were 40 participants of both gender. 20 of them are from the Malaysian population and another 20 people are from the Indian population. Each participant was instructed to clean their lips with a clean white cloth, before taking the lip print. This was followed by the application of dark coloured lip stick on lips by using the lip stick applicator. Cellophane tape was used to take the negative impression of the lip pattern. The glued portion of the cellophane tape was placed on the lips by giving a light pressure beginning from the centre of the lips till the corner of the mouth. Then, the impression was transferred to a clean white paper and seen under the magnifying glass. Results: Type I lip pattern was commonly seen in Indian population, followed by type III, II and IV. Whereas for Malaysian population, type III was most common followed by type I, II and IV. There was significant difference between both population. In this study, it showed that type I was the most common lip print pattern seen in both Indian and Malaysian population for females. Whereas for male, type III was more common in Malaysian population, and both type III and IV were more common in Indian population. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in both population according the general distribution of lip print pattern. There was no correlation or similarity of lip print patterns between each participants in both population. Thus, cheiloscopy can be used for sex determination and also personal identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Identification of the suspect, living or dead with the help of physical charachteristics play a vital role in forensic science. Improved methods of gender determination and personal identification are important in solving criminal cases. Cheiloscopy and dactyloscopy have been proved to be of use in personal identification. The present study aims to evaluate correlation of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in gender determination Materials and Method: The study was carried out from January 2017 to January 2019 on 2112 individuals (1056 males and 1056 females) aged from 15 to 60 years in KMCT Dental College, Calicut. For lip print analysis Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification was followed. For finger print analysis impression of all the fingers were taken. For analysis, the images were cropped and abode photoshop software was used. Results: Type 1 and 1' lip groove patterns were found to be predominant among males.Type 4 and Type 5 lip groove patterns were found to be predominant among females. Loop finger print patterns were found to be predominant among males.Whorl finger print patterns were found to be predominant among females. Positive correlation (+0.80) was found between loop finger print pattern and Type 1' lip print pattern in males which is statistically significant (p=0.003).Positive correlation (+0.75) was found between whorl finger print pattern and Type IV lip groove pattern in females which is statistically significant. (p=0.005) Conclusion: There was definite correlation of Cheiloscopy and Dermatoglyphics in gender determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Personal identification is of paramount importance in the forensic odontology for ethical, humanitarian and criminal investigations. In forensic odontology, scientific methods using DNA is considered to be the gold standard method of identification; however, it's expensive and time-consuming approach have circumvented the need for less expensive and faster methods of identification. The latest inexpensive approach of quantifying evidences for identification of suspect in crime is using lip print, fingerprint, palatal rugae & blood grouping and this has gained tremendous importance in the present days. Hence, the aim of the present study is to correlate and compare Cheiloscopy, Dactyloscopy and Palatoscopy with blood group and Rh factor. Method: A total of 200 dental students between the age group18 to 25 years were included in the study. Lip print, finger print and palatal rugae patterns with ABO blood groups were collected and compared using Chi square test. The data was analysed using SPSS version 10.0 statistical package. Results & Conclusion: Statistically significant correlation existed between lip print and ABO-Rh factors (χ2statistic = 37.56, p value <0.05) and between finger prints and ABO-Rh factors (χ2 statistic = 30.6, p value < 0.05). No association was found between palatal rugae with ABO-Rhesus blood groups (χ2 statistic = 17.71, p value >0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lip print pattern (LPP) is unique to each individual. For decades, forensic experts have used LPP for personal identification to solve criminal cases. However, studies investigating ethnic variation in LPP are scanty. Our study wanted to investigate variation in LPP between two ethnic groups, Oraon tribals and Bengalee Hindus, residing in West Bengal, India. A total of 280 participants included 112 Oraons and168 Bengalee Hindus of both. Prints were taken using dark shaded lipstick and transparent cellophane tape and recorded into white A4 sheet. Prints were divided into four quadrants and examined by magnifying glass. For analysis of results, classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi was followed. A p value of 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. It was observed that Type II pattern was dominant in first and second quadrants in both ethnic groups, irrespective of sex. Combination of Type II+III was found to be the most common pattern in males among both Oraons (16.2%) and Bengalee Hindus (12.2%) whereas in females Type II pattern (25.0%) among Oraons and Type III pattern among Bengalee Hindus (11.4%) was the most common. Chi square test showed statistically significant difference among females (p<0.05) and in third and fourth quadrants among males (p<0.01) of both ethnic groups. Our investigation clearly demonstrated sex and ethnic variations in LPP. Further studies are required to investigate ethnic variation in LPP among the various populations groups, both tribal as well as non-tribal, from different regions of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cheiloscopy is the study of lip prints. The wrinkles and grooves on labial mucosa called as sulci labiorum form a characteristic pattern called ‘lip prints’. It is usually used in forensic investigation. Gender and face shape classification from lip print is an important procedure in forensic anthropology in order to identify the gender of a criminal, their face shape type and narrow down the scope of suspects search. Each individual has a unique lip print hence this can be useful for identification. Aim: To correlate between the type of lip prints in relation to gender and facial form among third year students in Saveetha Dental College. Method: The study group comprised of 25 females and 25 males. The materials used were lipstick, white bond paper, cellophane tape and a brush for applying the lipstick. The data obtained will be analysed on the lip print pattern and its correlation to the face shape and gender Result: The most common type of lip print for both females and males are type 1 lip print. As for face shape, round face shape is most common in females, meanwhile square and heart face shape is most common in male population. Conclusion: There is no correlation between face shape, type of lip print and gender. Further study should be done to demonstrate a more accurate reason with wider field of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most transgenders in India reside in secluded or in outskirts of society with very low status; they are often addressed in a very derogatory manner by the society. The Indian sub-continent displays a variety of studies undertaken by the cheiloscopic experts and most researchers could differentiate the two genders due to their characteristic lip pattern. Many of them carried out double blind study inorder to identify the gender on the basis of lip-patterns identified by them. But the "third gender" was left out and never taken into consideration. Present cheiloscopic study throws light on various lip-patterns present in them and whether they have characteristic patterns. The paper also reviews the relevance of various studies undertaken in Indian Subcontinent, social problems existing in transgenders and further explains cheiloscopic relevance in forensics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]