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Food authorities aim to safeguard our food. This requires sensitive analyses to guarantee detection of both banned and regulated substances at low concentrations. At the same time, broad screening methods are needed to identify new emerging risks. For this purpose, effect-based bioassays combined with mass spectrometric analyses offer an advantage. During the regular monitoring of dioxins in agricultural products, a discrepancy was observed between the results of the DR CALUX (Dioxin-Responsive Chemical Activated Luciferase gene Expression) bioassay and the confirmatory gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometric (GC-HRMS) analysis in egg and broiler fat samples. The response in the bioassay was high, suggesting a clear exceedance of the maximum limits of dioxins in these samples, yet regulated dioxins or dl-PCBs were not detected by GC/HRMS analysis. Ultimately, a broad screening analysis using GC-HRMS resulted in the identification of 2,3,7,8-tetrabromo-dibenzofuran (2,3,7,8-TBDF) in both egg and broiler fat. To investigate the potential source of this brominated furan contaminant, different samples were analyzed: bedding material, poultry feed, feed additives (choline chloride and l-lysine), and seaweed. The poultry feed and feed additives all contained 2,3,7,8-TBDF. Using a feed-to-food transfer model, it became clear that the poultry feed was probably the source of 2,3,7,8-TBDF in broilers and eggs through a feed additive like L-lysine or choline chloride. This study underlines the importance of using a combination of effect-based screening assays with sensitive analytical methods to detect potential new and emerging risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While chemicals are vital to modern society through materials, agriculture, textiles, new technology, medicines, and consumer goods, their use is not without risks. Unfortunately, our resources seem inadequate to address the breadth of chemical challenges to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is important we use our intelligence and knowledge wisely to prepare for what lies ahead. The present study used a Delphi‐style approach to horizon‐scan future chemical threats that need to be considered in the setting of chemicals and environmental policy, which involved a multidisciplinary, multisectoral, and multinational panel of 25 scientists and practitioners (mainly from the United Kingdom, Europe, and other industrialized nations) in a three‐stage process. Fifteen issues were shortlisted (from a nominated list of 48), considered by the panel to hold global relevance. The issues span from the need for new chemical manufacturing (including transitioning to non‐fossil‐fuel feedstocks); challenges from novel materials, food imports, landfills, and tire wear; and opportunities from artificial intelligence, greater data transparency, and the weight‐of‐evidence approach. The 15 issues can be divided into three classes: new perspectives on historic but insufficiently appreciated chemicals/issues, new or relatively new products and their associated industries, and thinking through approaches we can use to meet these challenges. Chemicals are one threat among many that influence the environment and human health, and interlinkages with wider issues such as climate change and how we mitigate these were clear in this exercise. The horizon scan highlights the value of thinking broadly and consulting widely, considering systems approaches to ensure that interventions appreciate synergies and avoid harmful trade‐offs in other areas. We recommend further collaboration between researchers, industry, regulators, and policymakers to perform horizon scanning to inform policymaking, to develop our ability to meet these challenges, and especially to extend the approach to consider also concerns from countries with developing economies. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:1212–1228. © 2023 Crown copyright and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the King's Printer for Scotland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of emerging technologies poses some risks while improving urban construction and human life, thus further causing urban safety problems. Tianjin is a coastal city in China, where the coastal sea level keeps increasing, water cycling is changed by the water supply of the South - to - North Water Diversion Project, and the underground space is subject to development and utilization. These factors, coupled with land subsidence, are all critical for the assessment of emerging risks in Tianjin. This study extracted information on the land subsidence of the southern plain in Tianjin and then predicted the retreat of the natural coastline in Tianjin by combining the sea level rise rate. Accordingly, this study predicted the high - risk factors brought by relative sea level rise in Tianjin using a machine learning method (XGBoost) . In addition, this study analyzed the emerging risks caused by the South - to - North Water Diversion Project and the development and utilization of underground space and revealed the response patterns of the water supply and the construction and operation of subways to the urban safety of Tianjin. The study on the emerging risks brought about by the combination of land subsidence and modern human activities will provide a scientific basis for regional disaster prevention and mitigation and improve cities' ability to resist disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the European Union regulation, some countries have established a pre-market notification system for food supplements while others have not. As this regulation is unfulfilled, a notified and marketed food supplement ingredient in one country may be forbidden in another. Even though food supplements shall not be placed on the market if unsafe, some products may still expose the consumers to risks. The risk is increased by easier access due to worldwide dissemination fostered by the internet and free movement of goods in the European Union. The Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed and the Emerging Risks Exchange Network are described. To date, the European Union legislation does not include a provision to establish a dedicated vigilance system for food supplements (Nutrivigilance). Six European Union countries have nevertheless set up national systems, which are presented. The present lack of European Union data collection harmonization, does not allow easy cooperation between countries. This article advocates for creating a coordinated European Nutrivigilance System to detect and scrutinize adverse effects of food supplements. This, to help in directing science-based risk assessments and reinforce the science-based decision of policy makers to improve public health safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Klebsiella pneumoniae of sequence type (ST) 11 is a hyper-epidemic nosocomial clone, which is spreading worldwide among humans and emerging in pets. This is the first report, to the best of our knowledge, of multidrug-resistant (MDR) K. pneumoniae ST11 carrying blaSCO-1 and blaDHA-1, isolated from a four-month-old dog in Belgium. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of the isolate, performed via broth microdilution following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines, revealed resistance to eight different classes of antimicrobials, including carbapenems, in particular ertapenem, third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. A hybrid approach, combining long- and short-read sequencing, was employed for in silico plasmid characterization, multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and the identification and localization of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence-associated genes. Three plasmids were reconstructed from the whole-genome sequence (WGS) data: the conjugative IncFIB(K), the non-mobilizable IncR and the mobilizable but unconjugative ColRNAI. The IncFIB(K) plasmid carried the blaSCO-1 gene, whereas IncR carried blaDHA-1, both alongside several other antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). No virulence genes could be detected. Here, we suggest that the resistance to ertapenem associated with susceptibility to imipenem and meropenem in K. pneumoniae could be related to the presence of blaSCO-1 and blaDHA-1, combined with permeability defects caused by point mutations in an outer membrane porin (OmpK37). The presence of the blaSCO-1 gene on a conjugative IncFIB(K) plasmid is worrisome as it can increase the risk of transmission to humans, to animals and to the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The FinTech industry has exhibited very high growth levels since the Global Economic and Financial Crisis of 2008. The sector growth has been accelerated because of the disruption caused by COVID-19 and that derived in the global health crisis, a crisis with significant implications for global economic stability. To examine the risk profile of FinTech firms, the CRISP-DM methodology was followed to aid in the implementation of clustering and classification algorithms, combined with time series regression models. This research paper offers insights on financial risk assessment by combining machine learning techniques and traditional econometric modeling to acknowledge challenges associated with the analysis of time series in the financial context and framed in the US FinTech sector. The main findings revealed a lack of significant differences between the FinTech and Non- FinTech firms in the US stock market. The results were surprising as the FinTech sector’s speed of development and fast changes in financial innovation have led to the emergence of significant risks that do not seem to be captured by the examined market and firm-specific data sets. The research outcomes point to a substantial vacuum on the regulatory framework at both national and international levels to ensure efficient FinTech governance and adequate industry development amid very ambitious growing prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Storm Xynthia (2010) brought to the fore marine submersion as a great concern to French authorities and communities. This storm illustrates how a single major event can have long-lasting effects on climate risk management. To discern this effect, we conduct two studies analyzing the emergence and evolution of concerns related to marine submersion in French national and regional newspapers prior to and after the storm (2005–2018). In Study 1, we examine trends in issue coverage and how "marine submersion" was appropriated by French media discourse over the selected period, identifying and segmenting specific topical sequences. In Study 2, a computer-assisted content analysis of 260 articles highlights a dichotomy of themes before and after Storm Xynthia. Articles published prior to Xynthia (2005–2009) warned of marine submersion among the expected impacts of climate change. Those published just after Xynthia (2010–2013) present highly structured and technical descriptions of national risk management policies. In recent years (2014–2018), articles focus on local stakeholders' challenge to national risk management policies, described as too far removed from local dynamics. Our studies reveal the emergence and amplification, via public debate in French newspaper media, of "marine submersion" as a hazard, and the objectification of the risk through Storm Xynthia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies that implement Integrated Management Systems (IMS) require approaches that optimize resources and results. In the case of IMS of a new or emerging nature, the use of dynamics risk analysis approaches and the integration of real-time monitoring data in the risk assessment process offers news perspectives. The objective of this work is to identify and classify leading indicators that facilitate the dynamic analyses of emerging risks in an IMS for quality, environment, and safety. For it, such indicator analysis has been based on a bibliographic analysis. Regarding results, firstly, a structure of indicators emerges configured of three categories organized in two levels. At the first level, it is established by the indicators of the IMS which can be integrated. The second level is configured of two categories of interrelated indicators, that is, process integrity indicators and occupational risks indicators. In turn, each of these three categories has two dimensions. The first dimension represents the direction of the indicator, leading or lagging indicator. The second dimension represents the risk nature, emerging or traditional risk. Secondly, a classification of the leading indicators is derived according to the categories of the indicators and the risk nature. This classification shows the direction of the leading indicators as well as qualitative graduation of the potential associated consequences. Said theoretical framework has been applied to a case study configured by a manufacturing process. Thus, a conceptual scheme has been developed that represents the first step towards a more in-depth and detailed development that allows the identification and definition of specific leading indicators within an IMS from a dynamic and emerging risk perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM) to estimate the public's information seeking and avoidance intentions during the COVID-19 outbreak based on an online sample of 1031 Chinese adults and provides support for the applicability of PRISM framework in the situation of a novel high-level risk. The results indicate that information seeking is primarily directed by informational subjective norms (ISN) and perceived seeking control (PSC), while the main predictors of information avoidance include ISN and attitude toward seeking. Because ISN are the strongest predictor of both information seeking and avoidance, the way the public copes with COVID-19 information may be strongly affected by individuals' social environment. Furthermore, a significant relationship between risk perception and affective risk response is identified. Our results also indicate that people who perceive greater knowledge of COVID-19 are more likely to report greater knowledge insufficiency, which results in less information avoidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In occupational exposure to vibration, the risk assessment process is defined through a regulatory framework that presents some relevant metrological problems. This framework considers methods based on estimation and on measurements. Estimation methods could employ existing information that is provided for each manufacturer to each individual tool or application to carry out such estimation. The use of estimation methods has some problems, such as substantial uncertainty. When using measurement methods, some metrological aspects are not fully defined. Therefore, a new and emerging risk appears due to certain methodologic limitations. Consequently, the variation between the estimated and the actual values could overestimate the level of occupational exposure to vibrations. Thus, with this paper, a critical analysis of this emerging metrological problem is provided. For this, a critical analysis of the metrological requirements regarding European standards is developed. To this end, the estimation method and measure method are investigated, considering, in both cases, the main factors related to uncertainty, reliability, and traceability. With this structure, a set of metrological limitations have been identified, thus pointing towards future lines of research that allow the improvement of the process of assessing the level of occupational exposure to vibrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study draws on the Planned Risk Information Seeking Model (PRISM) to assess Zika virus information seeking and systematic processing, paying particular attention to the relationship between perceived knowledge and knowledge insufficiency. Novel risks, such as Zika, provide an interesting context for examining whether information‐seeking models, such as PRISM, are able to predict information seeking when available information is limited or scarce. A cross‐sectional, online study of men and women of childbearing age (N = 494) residing in the state of Florida was conducted. Our results provide some support for the PRISM for predicting Zika information seeking intention, as well as systematic processing of information. We also found that individuals with high levels of perceived knowledge were more likely to report high level of knowledge insufficiency, illustrating that contextual factors may impact the fit of risk information seeking models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Quimioterapia is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The consequences that climate change could have on infrastructure systems are potentially severe but highly uncertain. This should make risk analysis a natural framework for climate adaptation in infrastructure systems. However, many aspects of climate change, such as weak background knowledge and societal controversy, make it an emerging risk where traditional approaches for risk assessment and management cannot be confidently employed. A number of research developments aimed at addressing these issues have emerged in recent years, such as the development of probabilistic climate projections, climate services, and robust decision frameworks. However, additional research is needed to improve the suitability of these methods for infrastructure planning. In this perspective, we outline some of the challenges in addressing climate change risks to infrastructure and summarize new developments aimed at meeting these challenges. We end by highlighting needs for future research, many of which could be well‐served by expertise within the risk analysis community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perception of cyber risk has increased in the economy and especially in insurance firms. Using data from publicly traded U.S. property-casualty (P&C) insurers, we examine the trend in cyber risk identification from 2006 to 2015, as well as firms’ characteristics related to cyber risk perception. Roughly one-quarter of our sample identified cyber risk as a material risk factor in 2006, and this group of our sample grew to include substantially all insurers by 2013. The firms that were “early adopters” of cyber risk identification tend to be the smaller, more highly leveraged and higher growth firms. These firms are also more concentrated in their line of business portfolio and use less external reinsurance. This evidence may suggest that the early identifiers of cyber risk were the most sensitive to potential disruption based on their size or firm risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accessibility to the information increased by the development of IT converging technology and therefore various information such as economy, society, technology, culture and etc are distributed without limit to time and place. Data mining that discovers useful information by analyzing the data that accumulated to a large amount is receiving spotlight. By the distribution of IoT machine, the collection of life log has been eased and the interest on personalized service fit to the used is increasing. Companies and nationals use various analysis methods to develop big data that is accumulated for the safety of its people and asset into simple index. Meteorological Administration analyze the weather data and provide service through internet and app by developing weather index analyzing the extent of influence of weather on life, health and industry. The weather index measure by each region by using data collected real time at the weather observation point. Weather index is classified into the life weather index, health weather index and industry weather index by fields and provide coping measures per steps along with precautions. The weather index provided at this present is a simple service that did not consider the correlation of the index. Also it has a problem of not considering the situation by the location of the user. This study suggests emerging risk forecast system using associative index mining analysis. The suggesting method is the monitoring system focused on the user by analyzing the associative index using data mining and forecasting emerging risk by reflecting the user situation information. Index data collects the weather index XML file by using the Rest call method through the Meteorological Administration. The collected weather index analyzed the association relationship and interrelationship between the index by using the Apriori algorithm and Pearson correlation coefficient of the data mining. User situation information collects the surrounding temperature and humidity using the Zigbee communication. Collected temperature and humidity is applied to the daily weather index and health weather index and calculated fit for the situation of the user and the industry weather index is calculated focused on the user by using the association relationship and interrelationship between the index. By using the calculated weather index focused on the user, emerging risk of the life, health and industry scope is forecasted. Emerging risk is classified into life emerging risk, health emerging risk, industry emerging risk by the forecast method and is divided into four steps of low, general, high and danger. Emerging risk forecast system using the associative index mining analysis suggested provides precaution followed in the emerging risk and provides service such as weather index, weather information, user situation information etc of the Meteorological Administration. The suggested emerging risk forecasting system is the user based monitoring simulation that calculates the weather index real-time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dyna is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellin, Facultad de Minas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on a study conducted by the authors related to perception of stakeholders regarding impact of green jobs on occupational health and safety (OHS) in the renewable energy industry of Italy. Topics discussed include more support for green economy by trade unions and employers' organizations as compared to institutions, new occupational risks due to renewable energies, low health risks associated with solar and wind energy and increasing OHS through training.

The paper focuses on the area of risk management and includes a safety analysis of individual threats. Noise as a physical factor also belongs among individual hazards. In general, risk management is related to the architecture of an effective management of individual risks (principles, structure and processes), while the control of risk involves the application of this architecture to a particular risk; in this case, the acoustic risk. The paper describes a legislative framework concerning the safety and health protection at work as well as the safety of technical equipment with regard to obligations of the employer prescribed by law. An important part of the paper is the presentation of a guideline for prediction of acoustic risks by means of a system, which is specified for design of the low-noise machines. A new method for proposal of the safe (low-noise) machine equipment is also described in the lecture, taking into consideration the legislative rules concerning the machine safety. Practical examples of the acoustic simulation and classification of the sources of noise in machinery are presented as well. In the conclusion, useful noise reduction tools are proposed in order to eliminate acoustic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the area of risk management and includes a safety analysis of individual threats. Noise as a hysical factor also belongs among individual hazards. In general, risk management is related to the architecture of n effective management of individual risks (principles, structure and processes), while the control of risk involves he application of this architecture to a particular risk; in this case, the acoustic risk. The paper describes a egislative framework concerning the safety and health protection at work as well as the safety of technical quipment with regard to obligations of the employer prescribed by law. An important part of the paper is the resentation of a guideline for prediction of acoustic risks by means of a system, which is specified for design of the ow-noise machines. A new method for proposal of the safe (low-noise) machine equipment is also described in the ecture, taking into consideration the legislative rules concerning the machine safety. Practical examples of the coustic simulation and classification of the sources of noise in machinery are presented as well. In the conclusion, seful noise reduction tools are proposed in order to eliminate acoustic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper focuses on the area of risk management and includes a safety analysis of individual threats. Noise as a physical factor also belongs among individual hazards. In general, risk management is related to the architecture of an effective management of individual risks (principles, structure and processes), while the control of risk involves the application of this architecture to a particular risk; in this case, the acoustic risk. The paper describes a legislative framework concerning the safety and health protection at work as well as the safety of technical equipment with regard to obligations of the employer prescribed by law. An important part of the paper is the presentation of a guideline for prediction of acoustic risks by means of a system, which is specified for design of the low-noise machines. This methodology is an integrated part of safety analyses in the organisation and it is performed during the risk management process. A new method for proposal of the safe (low-noise) machine equipment is also described in the lecture, taking into consideration the legislative rules concerning the machine safety. Practical examples of the acoustic simulation and classification of the sources of noise in machinery are presented as well. In the conclusion, useful noise reduction tools are proposed in order to eliminate acoustic risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk and prevention of autoignition in underground coal storage facilities are reviewed in the light of the recent incidents of smouldering fires. Also, the opportunities are considered on the efficiency of the alternatives to prevent and extinguish closed-space fires. The complexities in avoiding and extinguishing underground fires are highlighted in the case example, describing the observations and outcome of a smouldering coal fire in the storage. The principles of self-heating and most critical factors in spontaneous combustion such as the condition and quality of coal are fairly well known, but usually only provide partial help in fire prevention. The documented cases and the case example suggest that nitrogen injection can be useful for extinguishing controllable fires. Three-phase foams and oxygen-displacing exhaust gases appear preferable against uncontrolled fires, particularly if access to the fire area is limited or impossible. Otherwise, efficient fire extinction during power plant operation can be challenging, as any air ingress tends to feed the fire and results in losses of the extinguishing agent and the heating value of coal. Methods and indicators for detecting and predicting the ignition are discussed, and improvements are suggested to enhance the storage and plant availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The risk management requires, apart from the acceptance of generally valid statutory requirements, the observance of basic principles related to this process. Those are, above all, the principles characteristic for different types of organization/system, the sphere of its influence, number of employees, and/or the knowledge advancement related to the company objectives. At present time, the standard ISO 31 000 forms the basic platform but this standard underlines only the primary (compulsory) requirements and does not concentrate on specific procedures that are necessary to be observed in cases of new or emerging risks at certain premises with smaller number of SME employees. To simplify the implementation of health and safety legislation, as well as the process of integrated risk assessment with regard to new and emergingrisks, the SMEs should create certain general rules and a succession of steps. This contribution presents the proposal of methodology based on the ISO 31000 principles; however, it provides more complex view on the risk assessment in selected small and medium enterprises. To verify its efficiency, several industrial premises were selected, in which the verification has been performed, and subsequently the remedies and precautions were suggested for its successful implementation into practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated framework for disaster risk management is presented to cope with the risk of low-probability high-consequence (LPHC) disasters in urban communities. Since the 2000 Tokai flood in Japan, there has been a shift in the management strategy from disaster prevention with a presumed zero risk to disaster reduction with an acceptable risk. The framework consists of: (i) integration of a different categories of risk reduction options in terms of structural and nonstructural measures, regulation and market-oriented measures, (ii) strengthening of the capacity of local communities to make their own management choices for LPHC-type disaster risks, and (iii) promoting the participation of stakeholders throughout the entire cycle of risk management. The interdisciplinary framework is discussed with reference to lessons learned from two recent major flood disasters (the 2000 Tokai flood and the 2004 Niigata flood). To implement the goals of the integrated framework, a participatory platform for disaster risk communication called “Pafrics” has been developed. Preliminary results of the pilot study of participation and risk communication supported by Pafrics are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Directive on Safety and Health at Work and the following normatives have the scope to provide high levels of health and safety at work, based on some general principles managing activities and including the risk assessment to continuously improve processes and workplaces. However, the working area changes and brings new risks and challenges for workers. Several of them are associated with new technologies, which determine complex human–machine interactions, leading to an increased mental and emotional strain. To reduce these emerging risks, their understanding and assessment are important. Although great efforts have already been made, there is still a lack of conceptual frameworks for analytically assessing human–machine interaction. This paper proposes a systematic approach that, beyond including the classification in domains to explain the complexity of the human–machine interaction, accounts for the information processing of the human brain. Its validation is shown in a major accident hazard industry where a smart safety device supporting crane related operations is used. The investigation is based on the construction of a questionnaire for the collection of answers about the feeling of crane operators when using the device and the evaluation of the Cronbach's alpha to measure of the reliability of the assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Most care management programmes focus on managing disease to prevent further progression and control costs. To this end, predictive models used for identification of at-risk patients have typically focused on those at the top end of the proverbial population pyramid. This research defines a new at-risk population as lives at lower current morbidity levels than those usually identified for care management but who are responsible for increasing population morbidity and cost. This paper builds on work presented at the 2014 Johns Hopkins ACG System ® conference where it was awarded the inaugural Barbara Starfield Award for its proactive approach and potential to impact population health. Policy objective: Through our research, we propose that health policy includes a stronger focus towards managing lives at lower current levels of morbidity as these lives present the largest financial risk to healthcare funders in the long term. We show that to curb costs, a stronger focus is needed on preventing chronic disease and preventing multi-morbidity, rather than simply focussing on managing existing chronic conditions. Targeted population: We have constructed a predictive model that identifies individuals at lower levels of current morbidity who are at risk of moving to a higher morbidity group in the next year based on demographic, clinical and behavioural risk factors. Longitudinal analyses show that the increase in morbidity is sustained after the initial "jump" in morbidity level. The aim of the proposed care management programme is to prevent this increase in morbidity from occurring. The clinical profile of the targeted population indicates the early prevalence of chronic conditions for which self-care is expected to be consequential. Approximately 50% of the targeted population have a chronic condition requiring an intervention to manage existing disease and prevent multi-morbidity. For those without chronic conditions protecting health and preventing disease is required. Highlights: Aiming care management towards individuals at relatively low current morbidity levels demands a shift away from traditional care management which tends to generally focus on a small percentage of lives that are already highly morbid. The emerging risk group is, however, much larger and will require new innovative interventions. A randomised controlled pilot study currently testing our implementation of an intervention involving targeted and personalised communication to patients is in its third year, with some promising early results. Transferability: While intervention mechanisms are likely to differ between countries and health systems, we believe that the emerging risk principles are fully transferable, namely: a predictive model that identifies individuals at-risk early enabling more efficient programmes; and an intervention approach focused on individual behaviour change and improving healthcare use behaviour in large populations. Conclusion: Given the increase in morbidity and costs experienced by health systems worldwide, an approach aimed at preventing morbidity is required. Using predictive modelling, a new at-risk population can be identified, where risk is defined in terms of increasing morbidity and cost. This is a new approach which will require investment from funders of healthcare with the aim of realising long-term savings. This will require a shift in thinking, but we believe the evidence supporting this approach is overwhelming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manufacturing processes involving chemical agents are evolving at great speed. In this context, managing chemical risk is especially important towards preventing both occupational accidents and major accidents. Directive 89/391/EEC and Directive 2012/18/EU, respectively, are enforced in the European Union (EU) to this end. These directives may be further complemented by the recent ISO 45001:2018 standard regarding occupational health and safety management systems. These three management systems are closely related. However, scientific literature tackles the researching of these accidents independently. Thus, the main objective of this work is to identify and analyse the links and transitional spaces between the risk management of both types of accident. Among the results obtained, three transitional spaces can be pointed out which result from the intersection of the three systems mentioned. Similarly, the intersection of these spaces gives shape to a specific transitional space defined by the individual directives linked to Directive 89/391/EEC. These results are limited from a regulatory and technical perspective. Thus, the results are a starting point towards developing models that integrate the management systems studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]