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Dentine hypersensitivity is characterized by a short sharp pain arising from exposed dentine in response to thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical stimuli that cannot be ascribed to any other form of dental defect. Today, multiple desensitizing toothpastes that claim superiority over each other in reducing dentin hypersensitivity are commercially available. The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the efficacy of three commercially available desensitizing toothpastes in reducing dentine hypersensitivity (herbal desensitizing toothpaste, desensitizing toothpaste and desensitizing toothpaste containing 8% arginine). Total of 45 participants were recruited equally into 3 groups (Group 1: Herbal desensitizing toothpaste; Group 2: Desensitizing paste containing potassium salt; Group 3: Desensitizing toothpaste containing 8% Arginine) by a simple random sampling method. Dentine hypersensitivity was evaluated at the baseline, immediately, at 4th week and 8th week after using the assigned toothpaste. Dentine hypersensitivity was evaluated using the Schiff sensitivity score. In this study, the efficacy of desensitizing toothpaste within group 1 at different time intervals was found to be statistically significant (p=0.004). Comparison of the efficacy of desensitizing toothpaste within group 2 and group 3 at different time intervals was found to be statistically highly significant (p=0.000). However, the comparison of the efficacy of desensitizing toothpaste between 3 groups at baseline (p=0.659), immediately (p=0.366), at the 4th week (p=0.388) and the 8th week (p=0.583) was found to be statistically nonsignificant. The present study can be useful, as it is important to assess the efficacy of various commercially available desensitizing toothpastes, since the use of desensitizing toothpastes is considered to be the primary strategy in the management of non-carious dentinal exposure causing dentinal hypersensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herbal products in dentistry have grown significantly. In the current scenario, herbal products are believed to be an effective adjunct to other medications. The present study aims to evaluate Eucalyptus oil and miswak (Salvadora persica) toothpaste for its efficacy in observable reduction in plaque and gingival bleeding. Sixty participants with gingivitis were enrolled in the present study. The study included an interim period (washout) comparing miswak and Eucalyptus toothpaste. Plaque scores were measured at designated time intervals. Both herbal toothpastes significantly decreased plaque index. Nevertheless, with relation to miswak (P = 0.002), Eucalyptus oil-based toothpaste exhibited reduction in bleeding scores. When participants were asked to return to their routine toothpaste, no changes were observed. Results from the study showed that the toothpaste containing Eucalyptus showed a significant decrease in gingival bleeding. More investigations should be looked on the medicinal applications of Eucalyptus toothpaste on commonly seen periodontal parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders that causes high blood sugar levels. The susceptibility and severity of periodontal diseases increases in diabetic patients, with the impact on the disease process inversely proportional to the level of glycemic control. Maintenance of oral hygiene therefore becomes utmost important in these patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two commercially available herbal toothpastes on oral hygiene parameters in diabetic population. Material and methods: The 6 week randomized clinical crossover trial included 50 diabetic patients of 35 years old and above who were randomly assigned to either the Colgate Diabetics Advanced Ayurvedic Solution toothpaste (Test group A) or Complete Care Herbal Toothpaste ( Test group B). Bleeding on probing, gingival index and plaque indices were assessed on day 0, 7 and 14. In addition a questionnaire was given to all the patients in both the groups evaluating their experiences after using the toothpastes. Results and Conclusion: Both the herbal toothpastes significantly reduced plaque levels, gingival inflammation and bleeding on probing but Colgate Diabetics Advanced Ayurvedic Solution toothpaste demonstrated comparatively better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the efficacy of an herbal toothpaste with two other chemically active toothpastes regarding plaque and gingivitis control. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six (27 females and 49 males, mean age 47.8 years, range 40-58 years) of 84 initial participants with slight and moderate chronic periodontitis used standardised manual toothbrushes and their usual technique for daily manual mechanical plaque control for 24 weeks of supportive periodontal therapy. The volunteers were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: group 1 used the herbal toothpaste, group 2 a triclosan/copolymer toothpaste, and group 3 an amine/stannous fluoride toothpaste. OHI, API, SBI, BOP, PD and AL were recorded at baseline and after 6, 12 and 24 weeks (PD and AL only at baseline). The Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U-, Friedman, and Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Moderate changes occurred in API and OHI in all groups. The herbal toothpaste resulted in significantly lower API and OHI in comparison to the fluoride toothpaste during the study period (p = 0.001 and 0.049, minimum and maximum of cases, respectively). SBI was significantly improved in all groups starting after 12 weeks (p = 0.001 and 0.033). BOP remained largely unchanged in all groups and was always significant lower in the herbal toothpaste group (p = 0.001 and 0.036). Conclusion: During the study period of 24 weeks, the herbal toothpaste was as good as the control toothpastes. No side effects were seen. In terms of improving periodontal conditions, the tested herbal toothpaste could be a suitable alternative to conventional toothpastes with artificial chemical ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tubule occlusion of two newly developed herbal toothpastes was examined. They were prepared based on the mixture of pomegranate peel and Equisetum arvense extracts with strontium acetate. The antimicrobial activity of pomegranate peel and E. arvense were determined using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Then, 30 mid‐coronal dentin discs from the human third molars were etched for 30 s with the lemon juice (pH = 2.4). The specimens divided into the three groups. While the control group had 6 specimens, Groups 1 and 2 were including 12 specimens. Group 1 brushed with toothpaste containing 10% strontium acetate and 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel, and Group 2 brushed with 5% strontium acetate, 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of E. arvense, and 5% hydroalcoholic extracts of pomegranate peel. Brushing was simulated for 6 months with 2 N loading. Then, 50% of discs in each group were immersed in lemon juice for 1 min. Moreover, specimens in control group were brushed with distilled water. Finally, all 30 discs were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The occluded dentin tubules were counted and statistically evaluated. It was found that the number of open dentin tubules decreases significantly after brushing with both tested toothpastes compared with control group (p <.001). Moreover, a significant difference was observed between two toothpastes before and after acid immersion process (p <.001). The SEM micrographs confirmed the dentin tubule occlusion of both herbal dentifrices. Besides, EDXS analysis approved the strontium and silica presence on the dentin tubules for the toothpaste which was based on E. arvense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of herbal and fluoridated toothpastes on plaque and gingival scores among 18- to 25-year-old female participants residing in a working women's hostel. Materials and Methods: Sixty participants residing in a working women's hostel in Belgaum city, aged between 18 and 25 years, comprised the study population. The 60 participants were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. The experimental group was asked to use a herbal toothpaste (Himalaya Herbal Healthcare) and the control group a fluoridated toothpaste (Colgate Dental Cream) twice a day for 6 weeks. The plaque and gingival indices were recorded according to Silness and Löe (1964) and Löe and Silness (1963), respectively, at baseline, 3 weeks and 6 weeks of usage of the toothpastes. Results: Baseline plaque and gingival scores were 1.53 ± 0.9 and 1.22 ± 0.13 for the control group and 1.30 ± 0.15 and 1.19 ± 0.12 for the experimental group, respectively. At 6 weeks, plaque and gingival scores were 0.86 ± 0.18 and 0.80 ± 0.2 for the control group and 0.99 ± 0.14 and 0.9 ± 0.21 for the experimental group, respectively. Statistically significant differences were obtained before and after the intervention in both groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The herbal toothpaste was as effective as the conventionally formulated dentifrice in controlling plaque and gingivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guava is considered as poor man's apple rich in phytochemicals with medicinal value and hence it is highly consumed. Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of guava leaf extract revealed the presence of various bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor properties. Hence, it is used in tooth paste formulations along with other ingredients such as Acacia arabica gum powder, stevia herb powder, sea salt, extra virgin coconut oil, peppermint oil in the present study. Three formulations F1, F2 and F3 have been made by varying the concentration of these ingredients and the prepared formulations were studied for their antimicrobial activity and physico-chemical parameters such as pH, abrasiveness, foaming activity, spreading and cleaning ability. Among these, F3 showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, minimal cytotoxicity, maximum spreadability and very high cleaning ability. This study surmises that the herbal toothpaste formulation is greener, rich in medicinal values and imparts oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral cavity comprises a diverse group of bacterial flora, some of these bacteria are known to cause oral diseases in humans. Toothpaste removes stain and drives away bad breath. Their formulations and active ingredients play an important role in preventing periodontal diseases and other oral infections. Methods: Present study aims to determine total bacterial count before and after brushing from saliva samples of 72 individuals of age group 20-22 years. Instructions were given to all participants regarding brushing techniques, brushing time, amount of toothpaste, sampling procedure and sampling time. They were advised to brush with the supplied toothpaste for 2 mins, twice daily, in the morning and in the evening during the test period. Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of six different kinds of toothpaste against the bacterial isolates was performed by agar well diffusion method. Results: The total microbial reduction ranges from 42.83 - 57.40 %, where Dabur Red being the highest. Predominant isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp., Corynebacterium sp., Micrococcus sp. and Klebsiella sp. Results of well diffusion test showed the anti-microbial efficacy of pepsodent over other brand of toothpastes. Herbal toothpaste like Dabur red, Babool and Himalaya are however effective, demonstrating significant zone of inhibition against Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Micrococcus sp. Conclusion: The active antimicrobial ingredients and formulations of synthetic toothpaste demonstrate their effectiveness in dental care, probably due to the presence of triclosan, fluoride, and other ingredients. However, the herbal toothpastes significantly reduce oral microbial load after brushing. Their natural origin as plant-derived antimicrobials provides opportunities in dental research and maintaining good oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study is the first of its kind in the United Arab Emirates, where these herbal plant extracts are commonly incorporated into toothpaste. The present study compares two herbal toothpastes (Meswak extract and tea tree oil [TTO]) and analyses their efficiency in reducing plaque accumulation. Materials and Methods: A total of 25 patients were examined for plaque and assigned a plaque score. They were then randomly assigned to use either Meswak-based toothpaste or TTO-based toothpaste. After 24 h, a new plaque score was recorded, and the patients used their regular brand for 2 weeks. The patients were then instructed to use the second of the two study toothpastes for 24 h, and a third set of plaque scores was obtained. Statistical data were analyzed using the SPSS software with a significance of P < 0.05 and Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: Analysis of plaque scores showed a reduction in plaque index after using either of the two herbal-based toothpastes; however, when compared with TTO, Meswak-based toothpaste resulted in significantly less plaque. Conclusions: Brushing with Meswak-based toothpaste gave a significant drop in plaque score when compared with TTO-based paste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral candidiasis caused by Candida albicans is most often seen in immunocompromised patients. The good practice of oral hygiene is essential to prevent or reduce the risk for the disease. In the study, we evaluated the anticandidal activity of toothpastes available in Thailand and determined the inhibitory effect of herbal formulated toothpaste on the virulence factors of C. albicans. The inhibition activity of toothpaste supernatant on growth of C. albicans ATCC 10231 was tested by agar diffusion assay, and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) were determined by broth microdilution technique. The inhibition activity of herbal toothpaste supernatant on germ tube formation was tested using crystal based assay. The effect of herbal toothpaste on adherence of C. albicans to buccal epithelial cells (BEC) in vitro was also determined. In our study, all toothpastes (n=6) inhibited the growth of C. albicans with mean inhibition zone range between 8.00 and 16.92 mm. The MIC and MFC of six toothpastes were 0.78 to 1.56% (w/v). Herbal toothpaste derived supernatant at subinhibitory concentration reduced germ tube formation and adhesion of C. albicans to BEC with dose dependent manner (p<0.01). These results may provide the considerable information for individuals who need to maintain a healthy oral hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Use of antimicrobial agents is one of the important strategies to prevent oral diseases. These agents vary in their abilities to deliver preventive and therapeutic benefits. Objectives: This invitro study was conducted to assess antimicrobial efficacy of different toothpastes against various oral pathogens. Materials and Methods: A total of nine toothpastes in three groups were tested for their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 0266P) and Candida albicans (Laboratory Strain) by modified agar well diffusion method. Statistical Analysis was performed using Minitab Software. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Triclosan-based dental formulation with combination of fluoride (1000ppm) exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against test organisms than the combination of lower fluorideconcentration or sodium monofluorophosphate. Among herbal dentifrices, formulation containing Neem, Pudina, Long, Babool, Turmeric and Vajradanti showed significant antimicrobial activity against all the four tested microorganisms (p<0.05). However, against Streptococcus mutans, all three herbal products showed significant antimicrobial activity. Homeo products showed least antimicrobial activity on the tested strains. Formulation with kreosotum, Plantago major and calendula was significantly effective only against Streptococcus mutans. Conclusion: In the present study, antimicrobial activity of the toothpaste containing both triclosan and fluoride (1000ppm) as active ingredients showed a significant difference (p< 0.05) against all four tested microflora compared to that of with lower fluoride-concentration or sodium monofluorophosphate. Of herbal groups, the only dentifrice containing several phytochemicals was found to be significantly effective and comparable to triclosan-fluoride (1000ppm) formulation. Thus, this herbal toothpaste can be used as alternative to triclosanbased formulations. However, these results might not be clinically useful unless tested invivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the micro hardness of a nanohybrid composite resin after brushing with two herbal and one non-herbal whitening toothpastes. Materials and Methods: We divided Eighty disk-shaped specimens of a nanohybrid composite (Tetric N Ceram, Ivoclar Vivadent, Asia) into 4 groups of 20 specimens each: Groups A, B, C, and D. Group A was control, Group B was brushed with Colgate total advanced whitening (Colgate-Palmolive (India) Limited), Group C with Salt and Lemon, Dabur (Dabur International Limited, Dubai, UAE), and Group D with HiOra Shine, Himalaya (The Himalaya Drug Company, India). The specimens were polished using medium, fine, and superfine discs (Sof-lex, 3M, ESPE, USA) and subsequently placed at 37°C in distilled water. They were brushed for 2 minutes twice daily with a soft motorized toothbrush (Colgate 360 sonic power battery-operated tooth brush, Colgate Palmolive, India) for 30 days. The samples were rinsed under running water to remove the toothpaste and stored in distilled water at 37°C until the readout was taken on the Vickers's hardness tester for microhardness. Results: The results revealed that the difference among the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Tukey's test showed that reduction in microhardness for Group B was significantly higher than that for Group C and Group D (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, non-herbal whitening toothpaste had a greater impact on the microhardness of nanohybrid resin composite than herbal whitening toothpastes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 17-year-old female patient presented with unusual enlargement of the gingiva with generalized alveolar bone loss. In spite of periodontal therapy, including plaque control, scaling, root planning and surgical treatment, recurrence with the same degree of the gingival enlargement and further loss of attachment level occurred. Biopsy revealed dense infiltration of normal plasma cells separated by collagenous stroma. Discontinuation of herbal toothpaste resulted in remarkable remission of the gingival enlargement within 2 weeks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of toothpaste components disclosed "Acacia" as an etiologic antigenic agent and confirmed the diagnosis of plasma cell gingivitis (PCG). Usually, PCG is not associated with the loss of attachment. This case report appears to be the first publication to document an atypical presentation of PCG with generalized aggressive periodontitis related to the use of herbal toothpaste containing "Acacia" extract from the tree "Acacia Arabica." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To detect the anticandidal activity of nine toothpastes containing sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate and herbal extracts as an active ingredients against 45 oral and non oral Candida albicans (C. albicans) isolates. Methods: The antifungal activity of these toothpaste formulations was determined using a standard agar well diffusion method. Statistical analysis was performed using a statistical package, SPSS windows version 15, by applying mean values using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc least square differences (LSD) method. A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: All toothpastes studied in our experiments were effective in inhibiting the growth of all C. albicans isolates. The highest anticandidal activity was obtained from toothpaste that containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients, while the lowest activity was obtained from toothpaste containing sodium monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient. Antifungal activity of Parodontax toothpaste showed a significant difference (P< 0.001) against C. albicans isolates compared to toothpastes containing sodium fluoride or herbal products. Conclusions: In the present study, it has been demonstrated that toothpaste containing both herbal extracts and sodium fluoride as active ingredients are more effective in control of C. albicans, while toothpaste that containing monofluorophosphate as an active ingredient is less effective against C. albicans. Some herbal toothpaste formulations studied in our experiments, appear to be equally effective as the fluoride dental formulations and it can be used as an alternative to conventional formulations for individuals who have an interest in naturally-based products. Our results may provide invaluable information for dental professionals. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: A double-blinded controlled clinical trial with parallel groups was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a herbal-based toothpaste in the control of plaque and gingivitis as compared with a conventional dentifrice. The efficacy of Colgate Herbal over Colgate tooth paste was assessed in this study. Materials and Methods: Thirty subjects with gingivitis participated in the study. All participants had at least 20 natural teeth with no probing depths greater than 3 mm and a plaque index score of 2 or more at baseline. At baseline, the clinical parameters like gingival index, plaque index and salivary pH were estimated. Paired t-test was used to compare the difference within the groups and unpaired t-test was used to compare the difference between the groups at baseline and on the 30th day. Results: At the end of the study, there were statistically significant reductions in the gingival index and the plaque index scores within the test group. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the test and the control groups. The salivary pH changes were not statistically significant in the test group but were displaced more toward the acidic range in the control group. Conclusion: It was however concluded that the herbal-based toothpaste was as effective as the conventionally formulated dentifrice in the control of plaque and gingivitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The need for a broad spectrum antimicrobial mouthwash is highly desirable to reduce, control and prevent various types of dental diseases. Hence, research into the production of herbal toothpaste to suppress the incidence of dental diseases is pertinent. The present study formulated herbal toothpastes from edible and medicinal plants namely; Syzygium aromaticum, Dennettia tripetala, and Jatropha curcas latex. The antimicrobial activity of the toothpastes was assessed against some oral pathogenic microorganisms using agar well diffusion. Phytochemical analysis of S. aromaticum and D. tripetala revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, alkaloid, and saponins. The major constituent of the plants from gas chromatography mass spectrometer (GC/MS) analysis are eugenol (83.58%), caryophyllene (4.35%) and phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)-, acetate (12.07%) from S. aromaticum, while D. tripetala had glutaric acid (57.57%), eugenol (2.9%), caryophyllene (1.12%), and 1,6,10-dodecatrien-3-ol, 3,7,11-trimethyl-,(E)- (3.36%). The pH and specific gravity of the formulated toothpastes respectively ranged from 8.57 to 9.67 and 1.08 to 1.10, while the pH and specific gravity of commercial toothpastes were from 5.39 to 8.55 and 0.97 to 1. 11 respectively. The formulated toothpastes have better and significant (P < 0.05) antimicrobial effect when compared to commercial toothpastes. The zones of inhibition of formulated toothpastes against the tested microorganisms ranged from 4.0 to 18.30 mm, while MIC ranged from 2.5 to 20.0 mg/mL. The formulated toothpastes exhibited potent antimicrobial property against the tested pathogens as a result of bioactive compounds in them. Hence, these biomolecules can be extracted for the production of safe and effective herbal-based toothpaste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]