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Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Yellow River is the property of Editorial Board of Yellow River and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mountain Research (10082786) is the property of Mountain Research Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The formation water characteristics are closely related to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. The main factors affecting differences of the formation water from the Yan'an and Fuxian Formations are analyzed, based on the vertical and plane distribution characteristics of water type and hydrochemical composition of the formation water. The relationship between formation water characteristics and reservoir distribution and formation is discussed, and the factors that are important to in the process of finding Jurassic reservoirs are clarified in this paper. Study of formation water of the lower Jurassic Yan'an and Fuxian Formations in the Ordos basin reveal the complexity and regularity of the hydrochemical characteristics. The complexity lies in the diversity of formation water and the hydrochemical parameters, such as water salinity, sodium chloride coefficient, metamorphism coefficient, etc., which vary significantly vertically or laterally. The regularity is reflected in that the varying formation hydrochemistry forms zonation, vertically, east-westward, or geomorphologically. It is pointed out that: 1) The mixing and alternation of formation water in different hydrological cycles lead to the vertical differentiation of formation water chemical characteristics. From Fuxian to Y10 to Y9 strata, the salinity of the formation water gradually decreases, the proportion of CaCl2 type water gradually decreases, and the proportion of NaHCO3 type and Na2SO4 type formation water gradually increases. The coefficient of sodium chloride and desulfurization gradually increase, while the coefficient of metamorphism decreases. 2) Structural evolution determines the east-west zonation of the hydrochemical characteristics. The Jurassic strata at the east or west margin of the basin are buried shallowly or exposed where infiltration water supply alternates easily with a relative lower salinity, and the strata at or close to the axis of the Tianhuan depression are buried deeply far away from the supply area, imprisoned in a relatively stagnant environment, making the salinity relatively high. 3) Regionalization of the formation hydrochemical feature changes with geomorphology of the Fuxian Formation-Yan10 member and is strengthened by the water-rock reaction during the diagenesis process. In the river developed area, formation water salinity is low. In the direction of the slope, terrace, and highland, it increases gradually, while the coefficient of the sodium chloride and desulfurization decreases, and the coefficient of metamorphism increases by degrees. Formation water type changes from Na2SO4 or NaHCO3 to CaCl2. 4) The terraces, slopes, and channel bars have the advantage of reservoir formation in terms of the infiltration water alternating extent, hydrodynamics, lithologic association, and low-amplitude structural trap development conditions, and they are the favorable targets prediction method of Jurassic Palaeogeomorphic reservoir is summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Mine Automation is the property of Industry & Mine Automation Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Earth Sciences & Environment is the property of Journal of Earth Sciences & Environment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As one of the globally largest cities suffering from severe water shortage, Beijing is highly dependent on groundwater supply. Located northeast of Beijing, the Pinggu district is an important emergency-groundwater-supply source. This area developed rapidly under the strategy of the integrated development of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region in recent years. It is now important to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations in groundwater quality. This study analyzed groundwater-chemical-monitoring data from the periods 2014 and 2017. Hydrogeochemical analysis showed that groundwater is affected by calcite, dolomite, and silicate weathering. Self-organizing map (SOM) was used to cluster sample sites and identify possible sources of groundwater contamination. Sample sites were grouped into four clusters that explained the different pollution sources: sources of industrial and agricultural activities (Cluster I), landfill sources (Cluster II), domestic-sewage-discharge sources (Cluster III), and groundwater in Cluster IV was less affected by anthropogenic activities. Compared to 2014, concentrations of pollution indicators such as Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, and NH4+ increased, and the area of groundwater affected by domestic sewage discharge increased in 2017. Therefore, action should be taken in order to prevent the continuous deterioration of groundwater quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollution by heavy metals and potentially toxic elements is one of the main problems in tunneling construction in geothermal and volcanic areas. Kerman tunnel, located in the central parts of Iran (average base level of 2370 m and length of ~ 38 km), plays a key role in water transportation from Safa dam to Kerman city. The tunnel is located at the Kerman Cenozoic volcanic belt as a southern part of Urmia–dokhtar volcanic belt. The overburden of basement rocks above the tunnel axis is up to 850 m thick and the tunnel cuts across granite, diorite, andesite, trachyandesite and flysch rocks. Based on the geothermal fluids' evidences in the area, this study made an attempt to determine the hydrochemical characteristics and the origin of the elements in groundwater. This can identify the geological hazards in the tunnel route. To this end, 31 groundwater samples were collected from 12 boreholes and were then chemically analyzed. The results showed that the cations and anions had widely varying concentrations. High to ultra-high concentrations of As, B, Fe, Al, HCO3 and SO4 were significant properties of the water samples. The results of different diagrams, ion ratios and multivariate statistical analysis, especially principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), confirmed that the unique water compositions and characteristics resulted from rock–water interaction and mixing of geothermal and meteoric water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]