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Due to the frequent climatic changes occurring worldwide, which are related to extreme meteorological parameters as well as human activities, it is obvious that these influence the flow regimes of rivers. River flow is the most important factor determining the hydrological regime of any river. This has a substantial influence on the water resources and the environment surrounding the river. Hydrotechnical structures are also dimensioned on the basis of the flow as the primary input parameter. The flow conditions have different properties and correlations with the material of the river bed. In this paper, possible dependencies and phenomena are investigated using real case studies on two rivers in Croatia - examples of river courses in alluvium and karst areas - with regard to homogeneity and isotropy analyses. For this purpose, rescaled adjusted partial sums and innovative polygon trend analysis methods will be applied on the form of a combination of methods at the same watercourses. It has been shown that the analysed time series of the flows do not exhibit homogeneity and isotropy. In addition, fluctuations and irregularities were detected in the same time series. This is key information for determining the reliability of the flow forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Çagdas Türkiye Tarihi Arastirmalari Dergisi is the property of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fire is one of the most uncontrollable phenomena and is highly likely to result in irreparable harm if it is not detected at its early stages. A lot of researches have been conducted to propose more efficient fire detection methods. In this paper, in order to facilitate fire detection and propose a more cost-efficient and also a highly accurate method, background color of images based on RGB and YCbCr color spaces is examined. In this regard, some suitable candidate regions for fire are chosen. Then, changes of boundary irregularities of these selected contours are measured by calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent. These irregularities of selected images can be considered as an important factor in early fire detection. If the measured irregularities are greater than 1000 fire videos, the selected candidate will be considered as an image of fire. Simulation results prove that the proposed algorithm can lead to more accurate detection of the fire region with acceptable false detection rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates operational and compliance auditing applied to public management. A wide-ranging theoretical review was carried out to find the basis for the differences between audits in the private and public sectors, compliance, operational and comprehensive audits. With a qualitative approach, the TCU platform was used to collect data from the Systemic Inspection Reports, extracting from these the compliance and operational audit reports between 2012 and 2018, totaling 61 reports analyzed. It was possible to verify that the two thematic areas with the greatest frequency were the Social and Development areas, involving SECOM as the main technical unit of external control, with the Ministry of Health and the Environment as its clients, finding evidence of irregularities in public administration, showing that the only principle of public administration not infringed was impersonality, concluding that changes are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using two separate databases of in situ ionospheric observations, we present case studies and perform a statistical investigation of the link between energetic precipitating particles during the polar night and high-latitude F-region steepening density spectra. Our study covers approximately 3 years of data obtained near the peak of the 24th solar cycle from four Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites and from the European Space Agency's Swarm satellites. Focusing on the midnight sector of the auroral oval, we found that there is a near-perfect co-location between high-energy precipitating particles and occurrence of dissipating F-region plasma density spectra. This is because the precipitating energy flux strongly enhances the E-region Pedersen conductivity, allowing fast and efficient dissipation of kilometer-scale F-region irregularities. Spectra that are possibly non-dissipating are in turn co-located with the distribution of soft electron precipitation. Together, dissipating and non-dissipating density spectra constitute two distinct irregularity regimes. Surprisingly, we also found that efficient dissipation notwithstanding, high-energy precipitating particles cause a net increase in the F-region irregularity power, suggesting that growth and dissipation are interlinked and that some of the observed F-region irregularities may conceivably be generated in the E region. This work is expected to be beneficial for the classification of F-region in situ density spectra and suggests that such density spectra can be used to infer the presence of high-energy or low-energy precipitations based on spectral properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sporadic E (Es) layers are plasma irregularities significantly affecting radio communication and navigation systems. And, their dominant formation mechanism at mid‐latitudes, known as the wind shear theory, suggests that they serve as indicators of the atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling processes in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region. On 15 January 2022, the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'api submarine volcanic eruption provided a unique opportunity to investigate the Es layer responses to lower atmospheric perturbations. Using the FORMOSAT‐7/COSMIC‐2 radio occultation and ground‐based ionosonde observations, this study reveals the spatial‐temporal behaviors of the Es layers after the Hunga volcanic eruption. The results show that significant Es layer perturbations occurred over the northwest of the epicenter ∼4 hr after the eruption and lasted for approximately ∼22 hr. We also calculated the geographical distribution of the vertical ion convergence (VIC) using neutral winds obtained from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging on the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) satellite. A comparison of the geographical distribution of positive VIC and Es layer perturbations shows a good agreement, which indicates that the enhanced Es layers are caused by strong VIC associated with the atmospheric perturbations due to the eruption. This study presents observational evidence for coupling between the Es layer and lower atmospheric perturbations, which can be helpful for understanding the occasionality and variability of Es layer occurrence. Plain Language Summary: The sporadic E (Es) layer is like the cloud in the air, but it is composed of metal ions and appears at altitudes of 90–120 km. Its occurrence can cause uneven distribution of plasma density in the ionosphere and affects the performance of the Global Navigation Satellite System and HF communications. The occurrence, intensity, and disappearance of the Es layers can be significantly modulated by the atmospheric waves. The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'api submarine volcanic eruption provided an opportunity to investigate the global Es layer responses to upward propagating atmospheric waves. This study found that the Es layers were significantly enhanced over the northwest of the epicenter ∼4 hr after the eruption and revealed that the enhanced Es layers are mainly caused by strong vertical ion convergence (VIC) associated with the atmospheric perturbations due to the eruption. Key Points: The Hunga volcanic eruption induced significant sporadic E layer perturbations in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) regionEnhanced Es layers mainly appeared over the northwest of the epicenter ∼4 hr after the eruptionThe geographical distributions of Es layer perturbations and calculated vertical ion convergence (VIC) show a close similarity [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human computer interaction (HCI) aims to enhance product effectiveness and efficiency by empowering users. This research examines corrosion resistance in alloys, a concern due to technological advancements. Metals and alloys are susceptible to degradation, leading to functionality loss, structural collapse, and environmental contamination. Improving corrosion resistance is crucial for product efficiency. In this paper, HCI identifies requirements that emphasize taking an existing hexagonal closely packed (HCP) network, investigating the network for requirements in the form of vertices and edges, mapping different vertices and edges of the network graph with topological invariants, solving the network graph by invariants, and providing results for modeling and design of advanced networks and architectures. The HCI also ensures and investigates the optimization of results produced under the specifications. The study examines network graph results for irregularities, providing guidelines for engineers and manufacturers to create advanced alloy architectures with characteristics through mathematical and graphical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2018, the Ethiopian government banned intercountry adoptions due to detected irregularities. This paper draws from the experiences of Spanish adoptive families, providing evidence of these irregularities and other abuses substantiated by adoptive families during their "search for origins" or reconnection with their children's birth families. We argue that these searches and contacts within the adoptive triad represent informal reparative initiatives among Spanish adoptive families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of GESTÃO.Org: Revista Eletrônica de Gestão Organizacional is the property of GESTAO.Org: Revista Electronica de Administracao and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of IUSTA is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the experimental results on the determination of melt parameters such as the energy of the boundary, contact angle, density and kinematic viscosity of low and medium alloy steels at different temperatures, as well as the dispersion of their dendritic structure in solidified castings. The analysis of the data obtained allowed revealing using mathematical models the influence of the chemical composition and temperature of melts on their properties and the dendritic structure of castings. It was established the variation of the melt parameters depending on the particular chemical elements of steels as C, Si, Mn, O, P, V, Cr. The established analytical dependences shown that increasing density and viscosity contributes to the dispersion of the dendritic structure and viscosity is of the major effect. The derived quantitative patterns allows to evaluate structure formation of cast structural low and medium alloy steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Finance & Financial Law / Finanse i Prawo Finansowe is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Using a large data set of ground‐based GNSS scintillation observations coupled with in situ particle detector data, we perform a statistical analysis of both the input energy flux from precipitating particles, and the observed occurrence of density irregularities in the northern hemisphere cusp. By examining trends in the two data sets relating to geomagnetic activity, we conclude that observations of irregularities in the cusp grows increasingly likely during storm‐time, whereas the precipitating particle energy flux does not. We thus find a weak or nonexistent statistical link between geomagnetic activity and precipitating particle energy flux in the cusp. This is a result of a previously documented tendency for the cusp energy flux to maximize during northward IMF, when density irregularities tend not to be widespread, as we demonstrate. At any rate, even though ionization and subsequent density gradients directly caused by soft electron precipitation in the cusp are not to be ignored for the trigger of irregularities, our results point to the need to scrutinize additional physical processes for the creation of irregularities causing scintillations in and around the cusp. While numerous phenomena known to cause density irregularities have been identified and described, there is a need for a systematic evaluation of the conditions under which the various destabilizing mechanisms become important and how they sculpt the observed ionospheric "irregularity landscape." As such, we call for a quantitative assessment of the role of particle precipitation in the cusp, given that other factors contribute to the production of irregularities in a major way. Plain Language Summary: The cusp ionosphere is a particularly turbulent part of the interaction between Earth and the solar wind. Here, magnetic field lines connect the ionosphere directly to the solar wind, and a range of plasma physical mechanisms can studied. "Soft" (low‐energy) electrons raining into Earth's atmosphere inside the cusp has been suggested several times in the past as an important contributor to the various energetic phenomena found in the cusp, but little evidence exists that can tell us how important they are. We present a large statistical study of the cusp's input energy (the soft electrons) and how it affects the cusp's turbulent output (widespread plasma irregularities). We find a discrepancy in that soft electrons largely exhibit opposite long‐term trends compared to the cusp plasma turbulence. Put simplistically, the energy budget provided by soft electrons might not be sufficient to explain the enormous energy that are at times pent up in the ionospheric cusp plasma turbulence. These results point to the fact that the community needs to address the role of particle precipitation (electrons, but also ions) in producing the observed ionosphere "irregularity landscape." Key Points: Cusp scintillation occurrence increases significantly with rising geomagnetic activityThe energy flux of soft electron precipitation in the cusp has a statistical tendency to decrease as geomagnetic activity increasesThe increase in cusp scintillation with geomagnetic activity must be caused by drivers other that soft electron precipitation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administração Pública is the property of RAP: Revista Brasileira de Administracao Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We develop a climatological model for the Arctic ionosphere based on more than one solar cycle of data (2010–2021) of the rate of change of the total electron content index (ROTI) maps from the International GNSS Service (IGS). The IGS ROTI maps are daily averaged in magnetic latitude and local time coordinates. To develop a climatological model, the ROTI maps are decomposed into base functions and coefficients using the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method. The EOF method converges very quickly, and the first four EOFs reflect the majority (96%) of the total data variability. Furthermore, different EOF components can reflect different drivers of ionospheric irregularities. The first EOF reflects the averaged ROTI activity and the impact of the solar radiation and geomagnetic activity; the second EOF reflects the impact of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz and electric field; the third and fourth EOFs reflect the dawn‐dusk asymmetry around the auroral oval and polar cap, and they can be related to the IMF By. To build an empirical model, we fit the EOF coefficients using helio‐geophysical indices from four different categories (solar activity; geomagnetic indices; IMF; the solar wind coupling function). The final EOF model is dependent on seven selected indices (F10.7P, Kp, Dst, Bt, By, Bz, and EKL). The statistical data‐model comparisons show satisfactory results with a good correlation coefficient. However, the model cannot capture the significant expansion of the dayside ROTI activity during strong geomagnetic storms. Future effort is needed to provide corrections to the model during severe storms. Plain Language Summary: The ionosphere is often highly structured and contains significant irregularities of plasma density, which can impact the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) services that rely on trans‐ionospheric radio waves. Due to the practical use of GNSS services, there is a high demand for modeling and forecasting of ionospheric irregularities. In this study, we develop a climatological model for the Arctic ionosphere based on a long‐term data set from the International GNSS Service (IGS). The final model is dependent on a few helio‐geophysical indices that represent the main drivers/sources of ionospheric irregularities. The statistical data‐model comparisons show that the model is able to reproduce all the climatological features of ionospheric irregularities. This model can be useful in forecasting the space weather impact for GNSS users using real‐time data as input. Key Points: An empirical model of rate of change of the total electron content index (ROTI) maps in the Arctic is developed based on 12 years of ROTI data using the empirical orthogonal function methodThe statistical data‐model comparisons show satisfactory resultsThe model fails to capture the significant expansion of the dayside ROTI activity during severe geomagnetic storms [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Surra Man Ra'a is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The oblique radio wave incidence on a turbulent equatorial conductive collision plasma layer is considered. The "Compensation Effect" has been discovered by us. A complex refractive index of the equatorial terrestrial ionosphere has been derived for the first time. Second-order statistical moments of the spatial power spectrum (SPS) of scattered radio waves are obtained for the first time using the WKB method, taking into account the asymmetry of the problem: the inclined incidence of the wave on a plasma boundary and the asymmetry of the magneto-ionic parameters. It was established for the first time that a certain direction exists along which the inclined incidence radio wave on a plasma layer and the anisotropy parameters of a magnetoplasma compensate each other. This result will have great practical application in communication. In this case, the SPS of scattered radio waves neither widens nor is its maximum displaced. The behavior of this spectrum versus distance propagated by radio waves in the conductive equatorial ionosphere is analyzed numerically for different penetration angles and anisotropy factors of asymmetric anisotropy electron density irregularities. It was shown that the anisotropy factor of elongated plasmonic structures has a substantial influence on the "Compensation Effect" of scattered ordinary and extraordinary waves penetrating in the conductive collision ionospheric plasma the slab. Numerical calculations are carried out for the anisotropic Gaussian correlation function applying IRI experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When compared to composite structures for high rise construction, RC structures have increased seismic weights. The structural design influences how multi-storey buildings react to earthquakes. In the case of vertical constructions, composite structures provide a distinctive option of ergonomic member and material design. In the majority of developing nations, reinforced concrete structures are the preferred construction technique. A combined structural property of concrete and steel is achieved by using composite structures. In the current work, ETABS is used to model and analyse the comparison of RC and composite structures with CFT columns for different kinds of irregularities, such as vertical geometric irregularity, mass irregularity, and stiffness irregularity, in accordance with IS codes. When RC constructions are compared to composite structures, it has been found that storey displacements and drifts are considerably fewer in RC structures. The base shear for the composite structure is lower than that of the RC structure due to the composite structure's lighter weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveying (geodesy) and cartographic documentation, their types, and their flow (circulation) are the basis for the uniformity of the work carried out in the pre-design, design, and execution of construction works, ultimately having a representation in the operational (exploitation) and maintenance of railway infrastructure. The type and circulation of surveying and cartographic documentation constitute an important element for the transport sector. The aim of the present scientific research work was to define the state of irregularity of the standard of uniform surveying-cartographic documentation, their type, and their circulation (Ig-1) in interaction with rail transport problems. A case study method was used corresponding to a factual description, which aimed to analyze and evaluate the existing standard. This is important from a theoretical and, above all, a practical point of view. The results show an extensive space of irregularities occurring, violating legal regulations and professional ethics. At the same time, good practice solutions have been implemented to optimize the negative impact when interacting with rail transport problems. The authors' position on the irregularities was forwarded to an infrastructure manager. The irregularities that occur significantly contribute to the limitations of surveying and cartographic documentation harmonization, and these have an impact on fully functional rail transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Identify the attitudes regarding key irregularities in university activities of universities referring to muda, mura, and muri from the perspective of two groups of stakeholders - academic teachers and administration/service personnel. Study design/methodology/approach: A pilot quantitative study using a questionnaire containing 48 statements regarding six categories of irregularities assessed according to the 5-point Likert scale. We asked two research questions: Q1. Is the questionnaire used in the study reliable for assessing attitudes regarding irregularities that occur in connection with work at the university? Q2. Which categories of irregularities most often accompany work at the university, and how is their nuisance assessed? Findings: The reliability of the research tool was statistically confirmed. Respondents represent an attitude close to indifference regarding the perception of most categories of irregularities. The most often indicated by both groups of respondents is "Unused creativity of employees.” Respondents consider all types a "nuisance" to a greater than moderate degree. Originality/value: We propose an original tool to assess irregularities in higher education institutions and apply it in the Polish and possibly international environment. These studies constitute an initial stage of the planned in-depth original research aimed at using the classification of irregularities/losses in surveys of the opinions of all higher education stakeholders (e.g., students, employers), indicating the critical causes of problems and directions of improvement activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an editorial that discusses the vertical coupling in the atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system. The Earth's ionosphere, which is a plasma layer in the upper atmosphere, plays a role in various phenomena and also affects technological systems. The ionosphere is influenced by the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere, as well as the neutral atmosphere below it. The article presents various studies that explore the interactions and dynamics within this system, including the impact of solar wind on atmospheric gravity waves, the generation of auroral spirals, and the effects of geomagnetic activity on the ionosphere. The authors emphasize the need for further research to understand the complex interactions and variability within the atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere system. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista del Museo de Antropología is the property of Museo de Antropologia - IDACOR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

College students' social and eating jet lags and chronotypes may be related to irregular eating habits. Therefore, we examined the relationship between social and eating jet lags, chronotypes, variability in first and last mealtimes, and non-eating duration, as well as the effects of snacking between dinner and bedtime on social and eating jet lags, chronotypes, and mealtime variation. A total of 1900 Japanese male college students were recruited in this study. Mean wake-up time, bedtime, sleeping time, first and last mealtimes, snacks between meals, non-eating duration, the midpoint of non-eating duration, social and eating jet lags, and chronotype were calculated. Standard deviations in first and last mealtimes, the midpoint of non-eating duration, and the coefficient of variation in non-eating duration were used to evaluate mealtime variations. Mealtime variations were significantly associated with social and eating jet lags, chronotype, the midpoint of non-eating duration, and the difference in first and last mealtime between school holidays and class days. Chronotype and the midpoint of non-eating duration were significantly delayed with increased snacking after dinner. Mealtime variations were significantly lower in those who avoided snacking than in those who did not. Thus, social and eating jet lags and chronotypes are associated with sleep habits and mealtime irregularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sand erosion and dust deposition may induce surface irregularities of the blades of a wind turbine deployed in the Sahara, causing performance deterioration. In the current work a multi-objective optimization algorithm is developed to upgrade the aerodynamic blade profile of wind turbines operating in a Saharan environment. As a case study, the rotor of the Nordtank 300 kW horizontal axis wind turbine operating in Hurghada, Egypt is customized for lower sensitivity to surface roughness. The goal is to achieve a high lift-to-drag ratio while simultaneously maintain high resistance to dust deposition and sand erosion. The optimization algorithm is developed in MATLAB using C-language and coupled via ANSYS-ICEM to ANSYS-FLUENT computational fluid dynamics software for a particle-laden flow simulation until the optimization objectives are iteratively met. The optimization process yields a blade with lower sensitivity to surface roughness issues not only offsetting the 10.58% loss in Annual Energy Production (AEP) using the original profile, but actually boosting the AEP by 10.87% for the optimized blade. It is believed that this research may draw attention to the need for site-specific blade design to avoid environmental surface degradation as a result of dust deposition and sand erosion that may be unavoidable in the Saharan environment of countries in the MENA region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We hypothesized that social jetlag would be associated with prolonged sleep duration on weekends and irregularities in wake-up time and/or bedtime on weekdays. In total, 1,200 Japanese male college students were included in this study. Participants completed an eight-day sleep diary in which they recorded their wake-up time, bedtime, and sleep duration every day for a week. Mean wake-up time, bedtime, and sleep duration, standard deviations in wake-up time and bedtime, the coefficient of variation in sleep duration, social jetlag, and chronotype were calculated over seven nights. Multiple regression was used to explore the factors influencing social jetlag. Stepwise selection analysis was performed to analyze the parameters identified on multiple regression analysis. The mean chronotype of the included participants was 5.3 ± 1.5; their mean social jetlag value was 1.1 ± 1.0. The mean wake-up time, bedtime, and sleep duration values were 8.5 ± 1.1, 25.0 ± 1.1, and 7.5 ± 1.1 h, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed five indicators exerting a statistically significant influence on social jetlag. The standard deviation in wake-up time was adopted as the first factor in the stepwise selection analysis. These results show that social jetlag is associated with not only prolonged sleep duration on weekends but also irregularities in wake-up time during the week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Track geometry parameters measured by a track recording car at a turnout are often hard to interpret due to the concomitant geometric complexity, especially for a high-speed railway turnout whose running edge is not interrupted. The virtual track inspection (VTI) method integrated with a multibody system model is proposed to reveal the longitudinal level and alignment of high-speed railway turnouts when the train passes in the main line and in the branch line. Firstly, the principle of inertial measurement and its implementation in MBS are introduced. Then, the VTI method is applied to the vehicle-turnout dynamics using a single-layered co-running track model and validated on tangent and curved tracks in the spatial and wavelength domain. Zero-phase Filters for wavelength ranges 3–25 m and 1–5 m are necessary to eliminate interference from long waves, and to better identify the switch and crossing, respectively. Finally, the effect of different track foundations is studied, including the two-layered co-running track model and the finite element model on the VTI method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Interdisciplinary Debates is the property of Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa Periodicojs and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) phenomenon is an important component of space weather as the ionospheric irregularities that develop within EPBs can have major detrimental effects on the operation of satellite-based communication and navigation systems. Although the name suggests that EPBs occur in the equatorial ionosphere, the nature of the plasma instability that gives rise to EPBs is such that the bubbles may extend over a large part of the global ionosphere between geomagnetic latitudes of approximately ±15°. The scientific challenge continues to be to understand the day-to-day variability in the occurrence and characteristics of EPBs, such as their latitudinal extent and the development of irregularities within EPBs. In this paper, basic theoretical aspects of the plasma processes involved in the generation of EPBs, associated ionospheric irregularities, and observations of their characteristics using different techniques will be reviewed. Special focus will be given to observations of scintillations produced by the scattering of VHF and higher frequency radio waves while they propagate through ionospheric irregularities associated with EPBs, as these observations have revealed new information about the non-linear development of Rayleigh–Taylor instability in equatorial ionospheric plasma, which is the genesis of EPBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of issues related to the research of the soil's state on the surface of the most constant technological track is relevant, since the movement of running wheels along narrow tracks determines the traction and coupling properties of the machine-tractor units, their vibrations, the stability of movement and the controllability of movement. The рurpose of this study was to increase the efficiency of the process of profiling the microroughnesses of the soil surface located in areas that form a track along which the running wheels of machine-tractor units will move, by substantiating a new scheme of an automated profilograph and developing methods for its use. For this study, modern methods of experimental researches based on IT technologies were used. In particular, an automated complex has been developed for measuring and evaluating the microprofile of soil surface irregularities on the very track of the tramline. The results of experimental studies in this matter have shown that the standard deviation of the soil surface irregularities reaches ±0.84 cm. This gives reason to consider the harmonic components of these functions as damped, having normalized correlation functions. The graphs constructed using PC have showed that most of the dispersions of soil surface irregularities on the ruts are concentrated in the range of 0...0.3 cm-1. It has been established that the generator of the formation of irregularities in the longitudinal profile of traces of a permanent technological track acts as parameters of the treads of the wheels of machines moving along it. The obtained results of the study can be used when selecting the protectors of pneumatic tires of the running wheels of machine-tractor units moving on two tracks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study tests the effect of accounting standards precision on financial restatements and the influence of accounting standards precision on different types of restatements (including errors and irregularities). What is more, the heterogeneity between accounting standards precision and financial restatements is verified in this paper. In the further analyses, the authors also examine the mediating roles and moderating roles on the correlation between accounting standards precision and financial restatements. Design/methodology/approach: The focus is placed on an unbalanced panel of 18,766 samples over the period of 2007–2017. Findings: The authors find that firms' restatements decrease when standards are more principles-based (low accounting standards precision). Especially, irregularities significantly decrease when firms' standards are more principles-based. What's more, the negative relationship between principles-based standards and restatements is more significant in "big four" accounting firms. Moreover, from the mediating effect results, the authors find that low accounting standards precision decreases a firm's financial reporting complexity and increases equity restriction, which in turn can help decreasing its financial misreporting. From the moderating effect results, the authors find that the higher the TOP1 and the more analysts following the firm, the higher the benefit of accounting standards precision to misstatements. Originality/value: The results of this study provide a theoretical reference for accounting standard setters and are helpful to inform investors and regulators about the influence of Chinese accounting standards on restatements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a regional simulation of plasma convective instability in the postsunset equatorial ionosphere together with a global atmosphere/ionosphere/plasmasphere GCM (WAM‐IPE) to forecast irregularities associated with equatorial spread F (ESF) for 1–2 hr after sunset. First, the regional simulation is initialized and forced using ionosphere state parameters derived from campaign data from the Jicamarca Radio Observatory and from empirical models. The irregularities produced by these simulations are found to be quantitatively similar to those observed. Next, the aforementioned state parameters are replaced with parameters from WAM‐IPE, and the resulting departures between the simulated and observed irregularities are noted. In one of five cases, the forecast failed to accurately predict ESF irregularities due to the late reversal of the zonal thermospheric winds. In four of five cases, significant differences between the observed and predicted prereversal enhancement (PRE) of the background vertical drifts resulted in degraded forecast accuracy. This highlights the need for improved PRE forecasting in the global‐scale model. Key Points: Equatorial ionospheric F‐region stability can be reproduced quantitatively using a regional data‐driven direct numerical simulation (DNS)DNS model runs become forecasts when initialized and driven with parameters from a comprehensive GCM such as Whole Atmosphere Model with Ionosphere, Plasmasphere, ElectrodynamicThe post‐sunset background vertical plasma drift and zonal thermospheric wind profile are the most critical forecast parameters [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six hundred hours of data from a receiver located at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory at 15°N (dip latitude), has been used to explore the fading correlation of 300–360 MHz trans‐ionospheric signals from the MUOS satellite. Using these data, we have highlighted that the inter‐frequency correlation varies with the fading frequency; components at frequencies close to the Fresnel frequency tend to be well correlated over bandwidths between 15 MHz and greater than 20 MHz, but those at higher fading frequencies are only well correlated over bandwidths between 0.1 and 5 MHz at a correlation threshold of 0.7. When considered over all fading frequencies, flat fading is far more common than frequency selective fading, such that when the frequency separation is 5 MHz and when S4 lies between 0.7 and 0.8, the ratio is ∼16:1, when the separation is 10 MHz the ratio is ∼9:1 and when the separation is 15 MHz it is ∼7:1. Together, the results in this paper suggest that flat fading is the dominant fading mechanism for satellite communication systems, with bandwidths up to 15 MHz, operating in the high VHF and low UHF bands in the equatorial region. At still higher operating bandwidths we expect frequency selective fading to become dominant as the differentially delayed multipath components, occurring via Fresnel scale irregularities, cause destructive and constructive interference. Key Points: Fading close to the Fresnel frequency is well correlated over greater bandwidths than higher frequency fading componentsOver all fading frequencies, flat fading is far more common than frequency selective fading, for signal bandwidths less than 15 MHzFlat fading is the dominant fading mechanism for high VHF and low UHF equatorial satellite communication systems [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the beliefs of athletes and sport stakeholders about whistleblowing against doping in elite competitive sport. Semi-structured interviews took place with five elite athletes, five coaches and five sport directors, from both team and individual sports in Cyprus. Three themes were identified through thematic analysis and reflected issues pertaining to: (a) understanding whistleblowing, (b) facilitating factors and barriers to whistleblowing, and (c) aspects of a reliable and transparent reporting system. Our findings corroborate previous research on whistleblowing against doping in sport, and provide novel insights about the beliefs, attitudes, and concerns of sport stakeholders, such as coaches and sport directors, about the feasibility of existing whistleblowing policies and processes. The policy and practice implications of our findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spread‐F (SF) is a feature that can be visually observed on ionograms when the ionosonde signals are significantly impacted by plasma irregularities in the ionosphere. Depending on the scale of the plasma irregularities, radio waves of different frequencies are impacted differently when the signals pass through the ionosphere. An automated method for detecting SF in ionograms is presented in this study. Through detecting the existence of SF in ionograms, we can help identify instances of plasma irregularities that are potentially affecting the high‐frequency radio‐wave systems. The ionogram images from Jicamarca observatory in Peru, during the years 2008–2019, are used in this study. Three machine learning approaches have been carried out: supervised learning using Support Vector Machines, and two neural network‐based learning methods: autoencoder and transfer learning. Of these three methods, the transfer learning approach, which uses convolutional neural network architectures, demonstrates the best performance. The best existing architecture that is suitable for this problem appears to be the ResNet50. With respect to the training epoch number, the ResNet50 showed the greatest change in the metric values for the key metrics that we were tracking. Furthermore, on a test set of 2050 ionograms, the model based on the ResNet50 architecture provides an accuracy of 89%, recall of 87%, precision of 95%, as well as Area Under the Curve of 96%. The work also provides a labeled data set of around 28,000 ionograms, which is extremely useful for the community for future machine learning studies. Key Points: Adopt machine learning techniques to detect spread‐F in ionogramsMake an annotated data set of around 28,000 ionograms publicly available [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionospheric plasma irregularities can be successfully studied with the Swarm satellites. Parameters derived from the in‐situ plasma measurements and from the topside ionosphere total electron content provide a comprehensive dataset for characterizing plasma structuring along the orbits of the Swarm satellites. The Ionospheric Plasma IRregularities (IPIR) data product summarizes these parameters and allows for systematic studies of ionospheric irregularities. IPIR has already been used in investigations of structuring and variability of ionospheric plasma. This report provides a detailed description of algorithms behind the IPIR data product and demonstrates its use for ionospheric studies. Key Points: Ionospheric Plasma IRregularities (IPIR) is a new Swarm data product that characterizes ionospheric plasma irregularitiesPlasma irregularity parameters are assigned to different geomagnetic regionsIPIR allows for both detailed case studies and global statistical studies of ionospheric plasma variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large amplitude plasma density irregularities have occasionally been detected at night in the midlatitude F region during geomagnetic storms. They are often interpreted in terms of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) because midlatitude irregularities have the morphology of EPBs. This study assesses whether morphology can be a determining factor in ascribing the origin of such midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. We address this question by analyzing the observations of the First Republic of China satellite (ROCSAT‐1) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP)‐F14 and ‐F15 satellites during the geomagnetic storms on 12 February 2000 and 29 October 2003. On both days, ROCSAT‐1 detects plasma depletions at midlatitudes in broad longitude regions and DMSP satellites detect isolated severe plasma depletions whose widths and depths are much wider and deeper than those of typical EPBs. The distinguishing characteristics during the storms are the detection of midlatitude depletions only in the Southern Hemisphere and the occurrence of some of these depletions before 19 hr local time and at the longitudes where EPBs are absent in the equatorial region. These characteristics are not explained satisfactorily by the characteristics of EPBs. Considering the detection of some of the midlatitude depletions at the equatorward edge of ionospheric perturbations in midlatitudes, midlatitude depletions are likely ionospheric perturbations that originated from higher latitudes. Because midlatitude depletions can originate from different sources, the morphology alone is not a determining factor of their origin. Key Points: Large amplitude plasma density irregularities that resemble equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) develop at midlatitudes during geomagnetic stormsConnection of midlatitude plasma depletions to EPBs is assessed by examining their occurrence times and distributionBubble‐like plasma density irregularities develop in midlatitudes by sources other than EPBs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public procurement is an area very vulnerable to corruption, which was especially evident during the Covid-19 virus pandemic. Pandemic called for prompt state response, including urgent public procurement procedures that resulted in numerous irregularities (e.g., “Silver Raspberry” case). The possibility of discretionary decision-making contributed to irregularities, and the absence of financial controls, which due to the urgency of the procedure could not be implemented in a timely manner. Therefore, if financial control systems are not able to function smoothly, the question of modalities of strengthening transparency and control in public procurement procedures arises. One possibility to inform the public about irregularities is through whistleblowers. However, this also depends on the level of whistleblower protection in respective national legislation. Whistleblowers in public procurement can face a variety of challenges. Starting from the assumption that the protection of whistleblowers and the whistleblowing process itself needs to be further improved, authors offer recommendations for improving the position of whistleblowers in public procurement procedures at the national level of European countries based on the application of dogmatic-legal method and content analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing public administration is the main thing that can lead to smart, inclusive growth. The primary objective of the Administrative Capacity Operational Program is to help the people who work on public policies get the tools they need to do their jobs. This includes people who work for the government, non-profit groups, and social partners, as well as people who work at accredited universities and research centers. Keeping an eye on the progress of projects funded by the Administrative Capacity Operational Program (POCA) is critical to making the public administration modern and able to help the economy and society grow. This helps meet the goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. This research aims to find effective tools that will help POCA funds be better used by reducing the number of projects that don't go as planned. The research is based on the idea that better monitoring of irregularities and better instructions for how to do projects will lead to more funds being used. Analyzing the main results and types of mistakes found in the verifications done by the Managing Authority (MA) POCA is done with the data found after verification /controls/audits on POCA Beneficiaries' refund applications for the closed accounting years 2017-2018, 2018-19, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021, respectively. Data from the study shows that the corrective actions of the MA POCA, which aimed to eliminate or reduce the causes of the main errors found in the implementation of projects funded by POCA, did not lead to a decrease in the number of irregularities because of their unpredictability. However, the Authority's actions kept the percentage of irregularities low because of the actions it took. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

β-bulges are irregularities inside the β-sheets. They represent more than 3 percent of the protein residues, i.e., they are as frequent as 3.10 helices. In terms of evolution, β-bulges are not more conserved than any other local protein conformations within homologous protein structures. In a first of its kind study, we have investigated the dynamical behaviour of β-bulges using the largest known set of protein molecular dynamics simulations. We observed that more than 50 percent of the existing β-bulges in protein crystal structures remained stable during dynamics while more than1/6th were not stable at all and disappeared entirely. Surprisingly, 1.1 percent of β-bulges that appeared remained stable. β-bulges have been categorized in different subtypes. The most common β-bulges’ types are the smallest insertion in β-strands (namely AC and AG); they are found as stable as the whole β-bulges dataset. Low occurring types (namely PC and AS), that have the largest insertions, are significantly more stable than expected. Thus, this pioneer study allowed to precisely quantify the stability of the β-bulges, demonstrating their structural robustness, with few unexpected cases raising structural questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obras y Proyectos is the property of Universidad Catolica de la Santisima Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Most accounting studies use only public enforcement actions (SEC cases) to measure accounting fraud. However, private cases (securities class actions) also play an important enforcement role. We discuss the legal standards and processes for both public and private enforcement regimes, emphasize the importance of screening cases for credible fraud allegations, and show both yield credible fraud measures. Further, we demonstrate these research design choices affect inferences from prior research and a hypothetical research setting. Finally, we show common measures of accounting irregularities using Audit Analytics to proxy for fraud result in significant false positives and negatives and develop a fraud prediction model for use in future research. We recommend using both public and private enforcement with appropriate screening when examining accounting fraud to reduce Type I and II errors, or reporting the sensitivity of findings across regimes. This is particularly important given the reduction in accounting-related enforcement after 2005. JEL Classifications: G38; K22; K41; K42; M41; M42; M48. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transnational adoption is a global movement of children across borders to new permanent and irreversible legal relationships. It is a circulation that involves social, economic, cultural and political relations marked by geographies of inequalities of power on a global scale. Many of these circulations have been shrouded by illicit practices which mean the violation of child rights. This special issue of the journal Childhood examines individual, social and political narratives on illicit processes surrounding this practice. Drawing from social and political sciences research, the contributors of this collection show the contradiction between 'silences' around certain practices in some societies, while in others 'truth recovery' has been central to the transition towards democracy. The authors raise concerns about policies and practices that complicate the interests and rights of individual actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The midlatitude ionospheric trough (MIT) is a well‐known feature in the topside ionosphere. Previous MIT related studies mainly focused on the MIT structure itself, while few studies focused on irregularities inside the MIT region. In this study, we provided for the first time the magnetic latitude and magnetic local time distribution of irregularities within the MIT, by using the Swarm in situ plasma measurements. Orbital cases show that both the MIT equatorward and poleward walls are embedded with small‐scale irregularities. Further statistical analysis reveals that the particle precipitation is the dominant mechanism for the dayside MIT region irregularities, while nightside MIT region irregularities are strongly related with the temperature gradient drift instability. The Swarm observations show that the temperature gradient drift instability occur not only in MIT equatorward wall but also in MIT polarward wall, which is different to the theoretical prediction of Hudson and Kelley (1976, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA081i022p03913). Plain Language Summary: Early theoretical studies have pointed out that there are several instabilities for generating plasma density irregularities on both the equatorward and poleward sides of the midlatitude trough. However, few observational studies were performed to focus on the irregularities in the trough region, possibly due to the relatively low‐resolution in situ plasma density measurements of previous missions. The high‐resolution plasma and magnetic measurements from the Swarm satellites provide an excellent data set for investigating the irregularities in the midlatitude trough region. Our results confirm the existence of plasma irregularities frequently observed in the walls of the MIT. Statistical analysis indicate that the dayside MIT region irregularities occur much more frequently than that on the nightside, which is mainly due to the dayside MIT overlapping with the auroral active area, while the nightside MIT is located outside the auroral oval. Study on the diurnal variation of the MIT region irregularities suggests that the dayside irregularities are mainly caused by the auroral particle precipitations, while the nightside irregularities are related to the temperature gradient drift instability proposed by Hudson and Kelley (1976, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA081i022p03913). Key Points: The Swarm in situ Ne and Te measurements are used for the first time to investigate the plasma irregularities inside the MITThe auroral particle precipitations dominate the dayside MIT region irregularitiesThe temperature gradient drift instability contributes mostly to the nightside MIT region irregularities [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While low and high‐latitude ionospheric scintillation have been extensively reported, significantly less information is available about the properties of and conditions leading to mid‐latitude scintillations. Here, we report and discuss scintillation observations made in the Southern United States (UT Dallas, 32.99°N, 96.76°W, 43.2°N dip latitude) on June 1st, 2013. The measurements were made by a specialized dual‐frequency GPS‐based scintillation monitor which allowed us to determine main properties of this mid‐latitude scintillation event. Additionally, simultaneous airglow observations and ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps provided insight on the conditions leading to observed scintillations. Moderate amplitude scintillations (S4>∼0.4) occurred in both L1 and L2C signals, and severe (S4 > ∼0.8) events occurred in L2C signals at low (<30°) elevation angles. Phase scintillation accompanied amplitude fadings, with maximum σϕ values exceeding 0.5 radians in L2C. We also show that the observed phase scintillation magnitudes increased with amplitude scintillation severity. Decorrelation times were mostly between 0.25 and 1.25 s, with mean value around 0.65 s for both L1 and L2C. Frequency scaling of S4 matched fairly well the predictions of weak scattering theory but held for observations of moderate and strong amplitude scintillation as well. Scintillation occurred during the main phase of a modest magnetic storm that, nevertheless, prompted an extreme equatorward movement of the mid‐latitude trough and large background TEC enhancements over the US. Scintillations, however, occurred within TEC and airglow depletions observed over Texas. Finally, scintillation properties including severity and rapidity, and associated TEC signatures are comparable to those associated with equatorial spread F. Plain Language Summary: The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere characterized by a relatively large density of free ions and electrons created, in most part, by solar photoionization. Spatial and temporal variations in the ionospheric electron density cause the diffraction of radio waves such as those used by GPS. The diffraction of the radio waves, as a result, cause fluctuations in the amplitude and/or phase of signal measured by a ground‐based receiver, for instance. These fluctuations are referred to as ionospheric scintillations. Ionospheric scintillations are commonly observed at low and high latitudes, where ionospheric irregularities are known to develop very frequently. Here, we report detailed observations of an ionospheric scintillation event that occurred on June 1st, 2013 over mid‐latitudes (Southern United States) where scintillations are thought to occur very rarely. We were able to capture the event with a specialized scintillation monitor during an educational project. This fortunate observation provided details about the properties (severy, rapidity, frequency scaling, etc.) of the observed mid‐latitude scintillations. The report provides new information about mid‐latitude scintillation that is of interest to a better fundamental understanding of ionospheric irregularities and their impact on signals in the frequency band used by global navigation satellite systems (GPS, Galileo, BeiDou, etc.). Key Points: We present and discuss the detection of L‐Band ionospheric scintillations that occurred over southern United StatesThe severity and temporal properties of the observed scintillations are similar to those of events associated with equatorial plasma bubblesA modest geomagnetic storm prompted extreme background ionospheric conditions and perturbations leading to the observed scintillations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Humanidades (1130-5029) is the property of Universidad Nacional de Educacion a Distancia, Centro Asociado de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Daytime equatorial spread F (ESF) is not as common as nighttime ESF due to the presence of a highly conducting E‐layer during the daytime which counteracts the development of F‐layer plasma irregularities. This study presents two rare daytime ESF‐like events which occurred over an interval ∼2 h and were detected by the HF Doppler receiver located in Lagos (LAG: geographic: 3.27°E, 6.48°N; dip latitude −1.72°) and the Lowell Digisonde at Ilorin (ILR; 4.68°E, 8.50°N; dip latitude −1.25°), managed by Lowell GIRO Data Center (LGDC). Analysis of the first event revealed ∼30 min periodic oscillations in iso‐heights of ionospheric electron density. Shorter period (∼15 min) oscillations appeared simultaneously in HF Doppler measurements and these oscillations lasted nearly 3 h. Close inspection of the ionograms from ILR during this interval (1500–1800 UT) showed the occurrence of small‐scale spreading in the F‐layer trace which varied in altitude as the disturbance progressed. Computation of the linear growth rate of the collisional Rayleigh‐Taylor instability showed that the plasma instability was seeded by a traveling ionospheric disturbance (TID). The characteristics of the second event suggest that horizontal stratifications in plasma density distribution at the reflecting ionospheric layer were responsible for the spread F traces in the ionograms. Analysis of GPS TEC data from Nigeria during these events revealed the presence of wave structures consistent with TIDs. Key Points: Analysis of Digisonde, High Frequency Doppler receiver, and Global Navigation Satellite System data was undertakenUse of low‐cost High Frequency Doppler equipment for reliable diagnostic of the equatorial ionosphere is demonstratedDaytime equatorial spread F is associated with traveling ionospheric disturbances [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Globally and historically, internal auditing has been used to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of organisations. The internal audit process helps to achieve the desired objectives of organisations including local governments by preventing irregularities in operations. Guided by institutional theory and based on primary data as well as employing the interpretive research philosophy, the paper examined the internal audit process of selected local government institutions in the Central Region of Ghana. Methodology: Purposive sampling technique was used to select seven key informants for interview by the use of interview guide. The data were analysed using pattern matching and content analysis based on themes. Findings: The main finding was that the internal auditors hardly performed all tasks involved in the internal audit process due to irregularities in operations. This constrained the achievement of assignment objectives. The recommendation was that the Head of Local Government Service should sanction auditors who flout the process. Originality/Value: This study is meant to raise awareness of stakeholders of local governments on the need to improve internal audit practices for effective and efficient resource utilisation to enhance service delivery to the citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on simultaneous observation of artificial plasma density irregularities near the magnetic zenith (MZ) by incoherent scatter radar and GNSS satellite in the high latitude. During an EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association) HF heating experiment, a GLONASS satellite signal intersected the disturbed ionospheric volume along the local magnetic field lines. The satellite signal amplitude and phase were simultaneously perturbed when the electron temperature increased in the F region through O‐mode HF waves. The field‐aligned irregularities (FAIs) and associated density perturbations are most significantly found in the MZ direction. The growth of FAI reached the saturation level in 30 s while large‐scale electron density perturbation on the order of 0.1 TECU developed in a few minutes. The observed density perturbations agree well with recent numerical studies of FAI generation due to the thermal self‐focusing process. Plain Language Summary: Powerful high‐frequency radio waves are used to study electron heating process in the high latitude ionosphere. We observed the development of plasma density structures by analyzing small changes of amplitude and phase of ground‐based satellite signals and incoherent scatter radar measurements. It is concluded that the electron heating causes irregular electron density structures along local magnetic field lines. This experiment shows that coordinated ground‐based satellite and incoherent scatter radar measurements essentially help to better understand the physics of ionospheric plasma dynamics and radio wave propagation. Key Points: HF‐induced field‐aligned plasma irregularities are simultaneously observed by GLONASS satellite and incoherent scatter radarThe satellite signal amplitude fluctuation and TEC deviation are generally correlatedObserved positive density deviations suggest that the density perturbations are likely caused by the thermal self‐focusing process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]