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Your search keyword '"marine eukaryotes"' showing total 2 results
Start Over Descriptor "marine eukaryotes" Database Complementary Index
2 results on '"marine eukaryotes"'

1. Bioactive Compounds from Marine Sponges and Algae: Effects on Cancer Cell Metabolome and Chemical Structures.

Author

Esposito, Roberta, Federico, Serena, Glaviano, Francesca, Somma, Emanuele, Zupo, Valerio, and Costantini, Maria

Subjects
MARINE algae, SPONGES (Invertebrates), CHEMICAL structure, BIOACTIVE compounds, METABOLOMICS, DRUG discovery, CANCER cells
Abstract

Metabolomics represent the set of small organic molecules generally called metabolites, which are located within cells, tissues or organisms. This new "omic" technology, together with other similar technologies (genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics) is becoming a widely used tool in cancer research, aiming at the understanding of global biology systems in their physiologic or altered conditions. Cancer is among the most alarming human diseases and it causes a considerable number of deaths each year. Cancer research is one of the most important fields in life sciences. In fact, several scientific advances have been made in recent years, aiming to illuminate the metabolism of cancer cells, which is different from that of healthy cells, as suggested by Otto Warburg in the 1950s. Studies on sponges and algae revealed that these organisms are the main sources of the marine bioactive compounds involved in drug discovery for cancer treatment and prevention. In this review, we analyzed these two promising groups of marine organisms to focus on new metabolomics approaches for the study of metabolic changes in cancer cell lines treated with chemical extracts from sponges and algae, and for the classification of the chemical structures of bioactive compounds that may potentially prove useful for specific biotechnological applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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2. Metagenetic analysis of patterns of distribution and diversity of marine meiobenthic eukaryotes.

Author

Fonseca, Vera G., Carvalho, Gary R., Nichols, Ben, Quince, Christopher, Johnson, Harriet F., Neill, Simon P., Lambshead, John D., Thomas, W. Kelley, Power, Deborah M., and Creer, Simon

Subjects
EUKARYOTES, MARINE ecology, BENTHOS, AQUATIC biology, MACROECOLOGY, ANIMAL morphology, REPRODUCTIVE isolation
Abstract

Aim Meiofaunal communities that inhabit the marine benthos offer unique opportunities to simultaneously study the macroecology of numerous phyla that exhibit different life-history strategies. Here, we ask: (1) if the macroecology of meiobenthic communities is explained mainly by dispersal constraints or by environmental conditions; and (2) if levels of meiofaunal diversity surpass existing estimates based on morphological taxonomy. Location UK and mainland European coast. Methods Next-generation sequencing techniques ( NGS; Roche 454 FLX platform) using 18S nuclear small subunit ribosomal DNA ( rDNA) gene. Pyrosequences were analysed using A mplicon N oise followed by chimera removal using P erseus. Results Rarefaction curves revealed that sampling saturation was only reached at 15% of sites, highlighting that the bulk of meiofaunal diversity is yet to be discovered. Overall, 1353 OTUs were recovered and assigned to 23 different phyla. The majority of sampled sites had c. 60-70 unique operational taxonomic units ( OTUs) per site, indicating high levels of beta diversity. The environmental parameters that best explained community structure were seawater temperature, geographical distance and sediment size, but most of the variability ( R2 = 70%-80%) remains unexplained. Main conclusions High percentages of endemic OTUs suggest that meiobenthic community composition is partly niche-driven, as observed in larger organisms, but also shares macroecological features of microorganisms by showing high levels of cosmopolitanism (albeit on a much smaller scale). Meiobenthic communities exhibited patterns of isolation by distance as well as associations between niche, latitude and temperature, indicating that meiobenthic communities result from a combination of niche assembly and dispersal processes. Conversely, isolation-by-distance patterns were not identified in the featured protists, suggesting that animals and protists adhere to radically different macroecological processes, linked to life-history strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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