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Objectives: In celebration of the journal's 50th anniversary, the aim of the study was to review the whole collection of Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology (CDOE) publications from 1973 to 2022 and provide a complete overview of the main publication characteristics. Methods: The study used bibliometric techniques such as performance and science mapping analysis of 3428 articles extracted from the Scopus database. The data were analysed using the 'Bibliometrix' package in R. The journal's scientific production was examined, along with the yearly citation count, the distribution of publications based on authors, the corresponding author's country and affiliation and citation count, citing source and keywords. Bibliometric network maps were constructed to determine the conceptual, intellectual and social collaborative structure over the past 50 years. The trending research topics and themes were identified. Results: The total number of articles and average citations has increased over the years. D Locker, AJ Spencer, A Sheiham and WM Thomson were the most frequently published authors, and PE Petersen, GD Slade and AI Ismail published papers with the highest citations. The most published countries were the United States, United Kingdom, Brazil and Canada, frequently engaging in collaborative efforts. The most common keywords used were 'dental caries', 'oral epidemiology' and 'oral health'. The trending topics were healthcare and health disparities, social determinants of health, systematic review and health inequalities. Epidemiology, oral health and disparities were highly researched areas. Conclusion: This bibliometric study reviews CDOE's significant contribution to dental public health by identifying key research trends, themes, influential authors and collaborations. The findings provide insights into the need to increase publications from developing countries, improve gender diversity in authorship and broaden the scope of research themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors as a risk factor for medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) in a cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with denosumab. Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective, observational study. All patients with breast cancer treated with denosumab (January 2011–December 2022) were included. The relationship between CDK4/6 inhibitors and MRONJ was analysed. Results: A total of 243 patients were included, ninety-five (44.2%) of whom used a CDK4/6 inhibitor. There were 21 patients with MRONJ. In patients treated with denosumab without CDK4/6 inhibitors, the incidence of MRONJ and mean time to the occurrence of MRONJ were 6.6% (8/120) and 16.8 months (SD 7.8), respectively; in patients treated with denosumab and CDK4/6 inhibitor, these values were 13.7% (13/95) and 15.4 months (SD 8.7), respectively. The difference in the incidence was not significant (p = 0.085). Among the 19 patients who used abemaciclib, the probability of MRONJ occurrence was significantly higher compared to patients not using CDK4/6 inhibitors (p = 0.0178). Conclusions: These results suggest that the incidence of MRONJ in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with denosumab is higher, and the onset of MRONJ occurs earlier in the presence of CDK4/6 inhibitors. The differences were statistically significant in the patients who used abemaciclib. Given that the use of this combination is very common in routine clinical practice, it would be advisable to carry out larger prospective studies to clarify the risk of this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Duazary. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Universidad del Magdalena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Tooth loss is a known marker of oral and systemic health, but large-scale population-based and cross-sectional multi-year comparative studies on tooth loss have yet to be much studied in China. This study explores the changing trends in tooth loss status and the associated factors influencing the prevalence of tooth loss over the past two decades in Guangdong, Southern China. Methods: Data from three cross-sectional, representative oral epidemiological surveys in Guangdong Province were analyzed, including 400 in 1995, 720 in 2005, and 288 in 2015, for a total of 1408 participants. Sample selection is based on the National Census of China published by the National Bureau of Statistics. In this study, each year, the number of missing teeth (MT) and the prevalence of tooth loss (MT > 0) were calculated. Basic demographic information, socioeconomic status, caries and periodontal status, personal lifestyle factors, and dental health care behaviors were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression to estimate their associations with tooth loss. Statistical significance was evaluated with 2-sided tests with a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: This study found that the mean number of missing teeth and the prevalence of tooth loss among adults aged 35–44 years in Guangdong Province did not change significantly in the first decade (1995–2005) but decreased significantly in the second decade (2005–2015) (0.94 and 40.8% in 1995, 0.99 and 42.9% in 2005, and 0.63 and 33.3% in 2015, respectively). The mean number of MT by tooth position was highest for the first and second molars, and both were larger in the mandible than in the maxilla. In 1995, populations with low educational attainment and the presence of caries or periodontal pocket (periodontal probing depth ≥ 4 mm) were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. In 2005, those with low educational attainment, the presence of caries, and 40–44 years old were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. Moreover, in 2015, females, rural residents, and those with caries or periodontal pocket were associated with a higher chance of MT > 0. Conclusions: Although tooth retention has improved recently (2005–2015) and the preventive effect of education level on tooth loss has increased over time, efforts to prevent tooth loss in adults need to be strengthened. Particular attention should be given to preventive interventions for women, rural residents, and those suffering from caries or periodontal pocket. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Odontológica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The relationship between chronic inflammatory diseases and their comorbidities and correlation with periodontal diseases has become an increasing focus of research. Objectives: The aim of this case-control study was to conclude if patients suffering from COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) tend to have more AP (Apical Periodontitis) than non-COPD patients. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 30 patients assigned as cases, associated with 30 control patients linked by age (+/−5 years) and sex. Results: A total of 60 patients were recorded, and a total of 12 radiographic variables were analyzed. A total of 43 (71.7%) patients were registered with PAI (Periapical Index) ≥ 3, and there was a slightly tendency in the patients from the control group 22 (73.3%) compared to those from the cases 21 (70%), respectively (p > 0.05). Conclusions: It was concluded that there was not a significant association between the levels of PAI (Periapical Index) ≥ 3 per patient in those suffering from COPD. In fact, it could be concluded that patients diagnosed with COPD tend to have more teeth with PAI ≥ 3, more endodontic treatments and their periodontitis tended to accumulate more caries. Clinical Significance: This study establishes, in a case-control study, some specific aspects of oral health in patients with COPD, as well as analyzing the importance of oral health in this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To assess the prevalence of dental trauma (DT) and its associated factors in 9- to 14-year-olds.Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out through clinical examination of the permanent incisors and canines of 907 schoolchildren (9 to 14 years old, average age = 11 ± 0.5 [SD] years, 55% female and 45% male) enrolled in 20 public schools in Isfahan, Iran. The demographic data, history and cause of trauma were recorded during patient interviews and with a structured questionnaire filled in by their parents. The overjet, lip coverage, and visible signs of DT (permanent incisors only, similar to the classification used by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994, NHANES III) were recorded. DT in permanent canines were also recorded.Results: Approximately 36% (n = 325) recalled the occurrence of dental trauma, but only 23.8% (n = 216) of children had visible signs of dental trauma to the permanent incisors (girls [18.8%], boys [29.9%], OR = 0.54; 95% CI 0.40- 0.74; p = 0.000). The maxillary central incisors were commonly injured (69.5%). The most frequent types of injuries were the enamel fracture (59.0%), craze lines (16.3%), and enamel and dentin fracture (13.4%). Tooth avulsion was seen in 0.7%. No significant association was found between dental trauma and increased overjet of > 3 mm (p = 0.328), but a tendency was identified for overjet > 5 mm (OR = 1.51; 95% CI 0.89-2.58; p = 0.060). The relationship between DT and lip coverage was statistically significant (OR = 1.63; 95% CI 1.18-2.25; p = 0.003). Violence (30%) and fall (22.7%) were the main causes of DT.Conclusion: The prevalence of DT in permanent incisors was high (23.8%) and significantly lower in girls. The association between DT and lip coverage was significant. There was no association between DT and increased overjet of > 3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Whether an association between alcohol consumption and dental caries exists is still unclear. Chinese Baijiu is the most common alcohol consumed by middle-aged and elderly Chinese individuals. This study aimed to assess the relationship between alcohol consumption (Chinese Baijiu) and dental caries in Guangdong Province, southern China.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Guangdong Province using a multistage, stratified, equal-sized, random sampling strategy. In total, 576 individuals aged 55-74 were recruited to fill out a questionnaire through face-to-face and one-on-one interviews and to undergo a series of dental examinations with a Community Periodontal Index (CPI) probe. According to the standard for clinical dentition examination of the WHO 2013 criteria, the presence of dental caries was determined by the DFT/DFRoot (decayed-filled tooth/root) index. The ratios of males to females and urban people to countrymen were both 1:1. Then, the chi-square test and rank-sum tests were used to compare the differences in caries between subgroups, and multivariate logistic regression analyses, as well as negative binomial regression analyses, were executed to identify the potential relationship between alcohol consumption and caries.Results: The prevalence of crown caries was 79.17% with a DFT index of 3.19, while that of root caries was 61.28% with a DFRoot index of 2.08. The prevalence and mean tooth of crown caries of females were higher than those of males. The prevalence and mean DFRoot of root caries in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. The results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis and negative binomial regression analysis showed that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between the consumption frequency of Chinese Baijiu and caries (often vs. never/rarely, crown caries: odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.26-1.13, P = 0.103, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92, P = 0.015; root caries: OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.24-0.93, P = 0.030, IRR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32-0.54, P = 0.008).Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, frequent consumption of Chinese Baijiu was a protective factor for caries in middle-aged and elderly people in Guangdong Province. However, considering the harm of alcohol to one's general health, it is recommended to drink moderately and avoid alcohol abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the new development of caries among preschoolers in northern Guangdong and to assess caries-related factors to distinguish groups with different caries risk levels. Methods: Baseline data were recorded for participants from September to November 2019, and participants were reexamined from September to November 2020. A longitudinal observation of 11,973 preschoolers was conducted. The simplified debris index (DI-S) and decayed-missing-filled tooth (dmft) index values were obtained for each participant. Results: Factors associated with whether caries would occur in the future and one-year increase in dmft (Δdmft) included baseline dmft, baseline DI-S, and baseline age. The risk ratio (RR) of caries occurrence and the number of teeth with new-onset caries were 4.482 (95% confidence interval, 4.056– 4.957) and 2.945 (2.742– 3.165) in the participants with baseline dmft ≥ 3, which were higher than those with baseline dmft =1 or 2. In the baseline caries-free group, whether caries would occur in the future was related to the baseline DI-S (95% confidence interval, 0.022– 0.062). The caries incidence of maxillary central incisors (27.9%) was the highest among teeth of preschoolers without caries at baseline, whereas the caries incidence of mandibular first deciduous molars (42.7%) was the highest among teeth of preschoolers with caries at baseline. Conclusion: Baseline dmft is a good predictor of future caries. Children with baseline caries-free status, baseline dmft > 0, and baseline dmft ≥ 3 should be treated with preventive interventions of different intensities and frequencies. The occurrence of future caries in baseline caries-free participants is related to oral hygiene status. Measures to prevent caries on smooth surfaces, such as topical fluoridation, should be applied to all preschoolers. Preschoolers with caries at baseline may be given priority for pit and fissure sealing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kunming Medical University / Kunming Yike Daxue Xuebao is the property of Kunming Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims: To report the experience of coronal dental caries in the Australian adult population.Methods: Dentate people aged 15 years and over were online or telephone interviewed, and dental examined (n = 5022). The number of decay, missing and filled surfaces (DMFS) were recorded. Independent variables were demographic, socioeconomic conditions and dental care characteristics. Proportions of DMFS >0, average DMFS and its components were calculated.Results: Overall, 32.1% had decayed surfaces, with a higher proportion found in males (34.7%) and 40% higher in those living in remote areas than in those living in major city and regional areas. The prevalence of decayed surfaces varied from 37.4% (lowest income group) to 25.0% (highest income group). The mean number of decayed surfaces was three times higher in the lowest income group compared to the highest one. Uninsured people had a higher prevalence of decayed surfaces and lower mean of filling surfaces than insured group. Participants with an unfavourable pattern of dental visiting had two times higher prevalence of decay than their counterparts. Overall, three quarters (77.4%) had at least one filling in their permanent dentition. This percentage increased from 61.6% among 15-34 year olds, to 88.0% among those aged 55-74 years.Conclusion: Socioeconomic inequalities in caries experience persist in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to describe the prevalence of different tooth loss outcomes along with the use of dentures and implants among Australians aged 15+ years across socioeconomic and demographic groups. In addition, we performed time trend analyses of tooth loss.Methods: Data from the National Study of Adult Oral Health 2017-18 included gender, age, residential location, household income, Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas, possession of dental insurance and pattern of dental visiting. Outcomes were complete tooth loss, inadequate dentition, average number of missing teeth, denture wearing and implants. We compared our findings with data from previous surveys carried out in 1987-88 and 2004-06.Results: Tooth loss decreased from 14.4% in 1987-88 to 6.4% in 2004-06, and to 4.0% in 2017-18. The proportion of people with lack of functional dentition halved from 20.6% 1987-88 to 10.2% in 2017-18; the average number of teeth lost due for any reason slightly reduced from 2004-06 (6.1) to 2017-18 (5.7). Tooth loss increased with age and was higher among socioeconomically disadvantaged, uninsured and those with unfavourable pattern of dental visiting groups than in their counterparts.Conclusions: An overall improvement in tooth retention was identified over the last decades. However, socioeconomic inequalities persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universitas Odontológica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To estimate the time, in days, from the beginning of the monitoring until the occurrence of dental caries and its association with low birth weight in early childhood. Methods: This longitudinal study, dynamic cohort type with a study population of 1,109 children from public, private, and philanthropic daycares in Salvador, Bahia. The independent variables considered were sociodemographic, perinatal, and behavioral, such as the type of breastfeeding. Survival analysis was used to estimate the time for the development of caries with the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox Regression was used on the multivariate analysis to assess the association with low birth weight (LBW). Results: Out of the total of 1,109 children, 419 developed the disease and the median time to the occurrence of caries was approximately 18 months. District of origin, type of daycare, age, skin color, maternal education, family income, living in a home with less than four rooms, breastfeeding habits, the presence of biofilm and of active white spot, and previous caries experience were identified as potential determinants of the time until the occurrence of caries. It was found a positive association between LBW and the time to the development of caries in both the not adjusted (RF = 1.21, 95 percent CI 0.88–1.65) and adjusted model (adjusted RF = 1.52, 95 percent CI 1.01–2.28). Conclusion: LBW was associated with dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To estimate the time, in days, from the beginning of the monitoring until the occurrence of dental caries and its association with low birth weight in early childhood.Methods: This longitudinal study, dynamic cohort type with a study population of 1,109 children from public, private, and philanthropic daycares in Salvador, Bahia. The independent variables considered were sociodemographic, perinatal, and behavioral, such as the type of breastfeeding. Survival analysis was used to estimate the time for the development of caries with the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox Regression was used on the multivariate analysis to assess the association with low birth weight (LBW).Results: Out of the total of 1,109 children, 419 developed the disease and the median time to the occurrence of caries was approximately 18 months. District of origin, type of daycare, age, skin color, maternal education, family income, living in a home with less than four rooms, breastfeeding habits, the presence of biofilm and of active white spot, and previous caries experience were identified as potential determinants of the time until the occurrence of caries. It was found a positive association between LBW and the time to the development of caries in both the not adjusted (RF = 1.21, 95 percent CI 0.88-1.65) and adjusted model (adjusted RF = 1.52, 95 percent CI 1.01-2.28).Conclusion: LBW was associated with dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has become a crucial oral health problem over the decades in China. Objectives: To explore the prevalence and risk indicators of ETW among adolescents in Guangzhou, south China. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey of 720 participants was conducted in Guangzhou, using an equal‐sized, stratified, multistage random sampling approach. The participants were from two different age groups (12‐ and 15‐year‐olds), 360 per group. The ratio of males to females was 1:1 in each group. ETW was recorded utilising the basic erosive wear examination (BEWE) index as the dependent variable. Independent variables included age, gender, region, socioeconomic status, dietary factors, oral health measures and others. Results: The prevalence rates (weighted) of ETW and dentin exposure (DE) were 56.1% and 26.2% among adolescents in Guangzhou, with mean teeth (weighted) of 1.8 ± 2.5 and 0.6 ± 1.5, respectively. No matter the prevalence or the mean teeth, the 15‐year‐olds were higher than the 12‐year‐olds; the mean teeth of ETW of males was higher than that of females; the mean teeth of ETW and DE of the adolescents of low socioeconomic status were higher than those of high socioeconomic status. Medium to high risk levels were found for 10.1%. In the multiple regression model, age, gender and taking acidic foods/drinks before sleep were associated with ETW. Conclusions: Moderate ETW in the permanent dentition was common among adolescents in Guangzhou. However, the teeth involved were low. Dietary factors and demographics were the main risk indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Methamphetamine (MA) is associated with adverse health effects, including the rampant tooth decay condition called "Meth Mouth." However, the impact of MA use on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) is unknown. This study assessed the relationship between MA use and self-reported OHRQOL.Methods: This cross-sectional study uses information from 545 MA-using participants recruited from Los Angeles County, California. Dental examinations were performed by three calibrated dentists using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) protocols. Data on socio-demographic, behavioral, and drug-use history were recorded using questionnaires. Participants were categorized as 'light' or 'moderate/heavy' users based on reported frequency of MA use in the past 30 days. Route of MA administration was categorized as 'smoking' or 'other.' Self-reported OHRQOL was based on the Oral Health Impact Profile scale.Results: Majority of the participants were male (80.9%). Median age was 45.0 years (IQR-13.0). Median number of days of MA use was 10.0 (IQR-12.0). Smoking was the preferred route of MA use (70.2%). Root caries in ≥ 3 teeth were reported in 78% of MA users. More than half of the participants reported having painful aching in mouth, avoidance of particular food items, feeling embarrassed, and discomfort while eating in the last 12 months. In unadjusted logistic models, moderate/heavy MA users were more likely to report an affected sense of taste [OR = 1.58, 95% CI (1.10-2.27)] and avoidance of particular foods [OR = 1.45, 95% CI (1.02-2.01)] than light users. Among individuals preferring other MA administration routes, moderate/heavy MA users were 3.09 times as likely to report an affected sense of taste than light users [OR = 3.09, 95% CI (1.52-6.27)].Conclusion: Oral health and OHRQOL appear to be worse among Methamphetamine users than in the US general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zahnkaries und Parodontitis stellen international die beiden Haupterkrankungen der Zahnmedizin dar. Wegen der starken Verhaltensabhängigkeit (Mundhygiene) beider Erkrankungsbilder werden die sozialschichtspezifischen Verteilungsmuster für Deutschland betrachtet. Statistische Grundlage sind bevölkerungsrepräsentative Erhebungen der Jahre 1997, 2005 und 2014. Es zeigt sich, dass einerseits die Krankheitslasten von Zahnkaries und Parodontitis deutlich zurückgegangen sind und andererseits, dass auch aktuell erhebliche Prävalenzunterschiede nach Schulbildung festzustellen sind. At national and at international level dental caries and parodontitis are the most frequent oral diseases. Their occurrence is dependent on oral hygiene and strongly influenced by behaviour that is again susceptible to social differences. Social differences of dental caries and parodontitis are considered by referring to population studies conducted in 1997, 2005, and in 2014. Although oral health at population level has improved over time, social differences by education are persisting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Survival analyses have been used to overcome some of the limitations encountered with other statistical analyses. Although extended Cox hazard modeling with time-dependent variables has been utilized in several medical studies, it has never been utilized in assessing the complex relationship between mutans streptococci (MS) acquisition (time-dependent covariate) and time to having dental caries (outcome). This study involved secondary analyses of data from a prospective study conducted at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Low socioeconomic status, African-American preschool children from Perry County, AL, USA (n = 95) had dental examinations at age 1 year and annually thereafter until age 6 years by three calibrated dentists. Salivary MS tests were done at ages 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 4 years. The patterns of and relationship between initial MS detection (time-dependent covariate) and dental caries experience occurrence were assessed, using extended Cox hazard modeling. The median time without MS acquisition (50% of the children not having positive MS test) was 2 years. Approximately 79% of the children had positive salivary MS tests by the age of 4 years. The median caries experience survival (50% of the children not having dental caries) was 4 years. During the follow-up period, 65 of the children (68.4%) had their initial primary caries experience. Results of the extended Cox hazard modeling showed a significant overall/global relationship between initial caries experience event at any given time during the follow-up period and having a positive salivary MS test at any time during the follow-up period (hazard ratio = 2.25, 95% CI 1.06-4.75). In conclusion, the extended Cox modeling was used for the first time and its results showed a significant global/overall relationship between MS acquisition and dental caries. Further research using causal mediation analysis with survival data is necessary, where the mediator "presence of MS" is treated as a time-dependent variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marginalized zero-inflated count regression models have recently been introduced for the statistical analysis of dental caries indices and other zero-inflated count data as alternatives to traditional zero-inflated and hurdle models. Unlike the standard approaches, the marginalized models directly estimate overall exposure or treatment effects by relating covariates to the marginal mean count. This article discusses model interpretation and model class choice according to the research question being addressed in caries research. Two data sets, one consisting of fictional dmft counts in 2 groups and the other on DMFS among schoolchildren from a randomized clinical trial comparing 3 toothpaste formulations to prevent incident dental caries, are analyzed with negative binomial hurdle, zero-inflated negative binomial, and marginalized zero-inflated negative binomial models. In the first example, estimates of treatment effects vary according to the type of incidence rate ratio (IRR) estimated by the model. Estimates of IRRs in the analysis of the randomized clinical trial were similar despite their distinctive interpretations. The choice of statistical model class should match the study's purpose, while accounting for the broad decline in children's caries experience, such that dmft and DMFS indices more frequently generate zero counts. Marginalized (marginal mean) models for zero-inflated count data should be considered for direct assessment of exposure effects on the marginal mean dental caries count in the presence of high frequencies of zero counts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Odontología is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate Medicare rebate claim trends under the Australian Chronic Disease Dental Scheme (CDDS) over time, region and type of service. Methods CDDS data obtained from the Department of Human Services reflected all Medicare item claims lodged under the CDDS by dental practitioners and processed by Medicare. Retrospective analysis of CDDS rebate claims was conducted. Results The CDDS rebates for the period 2008-13 totalled A$2.8 billion. Just under 81% of claims were from dental practitioners working in major cities. The most frequent rebates were for crown, bridge and implant (32.4%), removable prostheses (22.4%) and restorative services (21.3%). The rebate claims of restorative services, crown and bridge, and removable prostheses per dentist in all regional areas increased over the time of the CDDS. Per capita, the rebates for every type of dental service were lower in the more remote regions. Conclusions Rebate claims increased in each of the last 3 full years of the CDDS across all areas. The majority of Medicare rebate claims were from major city areas and for crown and bridge, removable prostheses and restorative services. The service mix varied between regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of this study was to confirm whether the level of lifetime fluoridation exposure is associated with lower dental caries experience in younger adults (15-46 years). Methods Data of the cohort born between 1960 and 1990 residing outside Australia's capital cities from the 2004−2006 Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health were analysed. Residential history questionnaires were used to determine the percentage of each person's lifetime exposure to fluoridated water (<50%/50+%). Examiners recorded decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth ( DMFT). Socio-demographic variables, periodontal risk factors, and access to dental care were included in multivariable least-squares regression models. Results In bivariate analysis, the higher level of fluoridation category had significantly lower DMFT (mean 6.01 [ SE = 0.62]) than the lower level of fluoridation group (9.14 [ SE = 0.73] p < 0.01) and lower numbers of filled teeth (4.08 [ SE = 0.43], 7.06 [ SE = 0.62], p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, the higher number of full-time equivalent dentists per 100 000 people was associated with a lower mean number of missing teeth (regression coefficient estimate = -1.75, p = 0.03), and the higher level of water fluoridation with a lower mean DMFT (-2.45, p < 0.01) and mean number of filled teeth (-2.52, p < 0.01). Conclusions The higher level of lifetime fluoridation exposure was associated with substantially lower caries experience in younger rural adults, largely due to a lower number of filled teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the early 1990s, there has been heated debate critically reflecting on social epidemiology. Yet, very little of this debate has reached oral epidemiology. This is no more noticeable than in the field of oral health inequalities. One of the significant achievements of social oral epidemiology has been the persistent documentation of social patterning of oral disease. Nevertheless, where social oral epidemiology has fallen down is going beyond description to explaining these patterns. Thinking how and in what way things happen, not just in relation to oral health inequalities but also more broadly, requires a more creative approach which links to scholarship outside of dentistry, including the work from critical epidemiologists to that within the social sciences. The aim of this review study is to provide a critical commentary on key aspects of more general epidemiological debates in order to inform and develop social oral epidemiology theory and methodology. In the first section, 'Where are we now?', six key debates are reflected upon: (i) analysis of variance versus analysis of causes, (ii) the fallacy of independent effects, (iii) black box thinking, (iv) theory and the understanding of mechanisms, (v) individualization of risk and (vi) the meaning of 'social'. In the second section, 'Where to next?' we draw on a number of fundamental issues from within the social science literature in order to highlight possible channels of future inquiry. Our overriding goal throughout is to facilitate a critical engagement in order to improve understanding and generate knowledge in relation to population oral health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To examine the association between children's clinical oral health status and their residential location using the latest available data (2009) and to ascertain whether poor oral health among rural children is related to being Indigenous, having less access to fluoridated water or being of lower socioeconomic status ( SES), than children from urban areas. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting and participant Data were collected on 74 467 children aged 5-12 years attending school dental services in Australia (data were not available for Victoria or New South Wales). Main outcome measures Clinical oral health was determined by the mean number of permanent teeth with untreated caries, missing and filled permanent teeth, and the mean decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth index ( DMFT) of 8 to 12-year-old-children and the mean number deciduous teeth with untreated caries, missing and filled deciduous teeth, and the mean decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth index (dmft) of 5-10-year-olds. Results The multivariable models that included coefficients on whether the child was Indigenous, from an area with fluoridated water and SES, were controlled for age and sex. The mean DMFT of 8-12-year-old children and the mean dmft of 5-10-year-old-children were significantly higher in rural areas compared with urban centres after accounting for Indigenous status, fluoridated water and SES. Conclusion Children's oral health was poorer in rural areas than in major city areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To determine whether a different number and type of services were provided in Australian regional areas under the Australian Government-funded Chronic Disease Dental Scheme ( CDDS). Design Retrospective analysis of administrative payments data. Setting Australia. Participants Patients receiving dental services under the Medicare CDDS. Interventions The CDDS. Main outcome measures Number and type of services. Method CDDS service categories Australian Statistical Geography Standard ( ASGS) regions were collected by the Australian Department of Human Services between 2008 and 2013 and compared by Australian Bureau of Statistics ASGS estimated resident regional 2011 population, and by employed number of dentists, dental specialists and dental prosthetists from the 2011 National Health Workforce Dataset. Results Number of services provided was greatest in major cities (79.0%), followed by inner regional (15.4%), outer regional (5.2%) and remote/very remote Australia (0.4%). Number of services per head of population decreased from 1.088 in major cities to 0.16 in remote/very remote areas. Number of services provided per dental practitioner showed minimal variation between major city (1672), inner (1777) and outer regional (1627) areas, but was lower in remote/very remote areas (641). Crown and bridge, periodontic, endodontic and removable prostheses per dental practitioner were most frequently supplied in the major cities, but restorative care and oral surgery were more frequently supplied in inner and outer regional areas. Conclusion The number of CDDS services provided declined with regional remoteness. There was a marked difference in the utilisation of the scheme between major cities and remote/very remote areas in both number and type of service levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, was designated as a World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Primary Oral Health Care (POHC) in 2011. This article aimed to describe the following: (1) the background for this nomination, (2) the WHO Collaborating Centre for POHC, its terms of reference and 5 activities, (3) the primary health care concept as it was established in Alma-Ata, (4) the oral health situation in Kuwait and in the Middle-East region and, finally, (5) how POHC policy should be implemented in Kuwait and this region. It can be concluded that, because the caries experience is very high in Kuwait and in the other countries of the Eastern Mediterranean region, good POHC programmes should be designed and implemented in this region. The Faculty of Dentistry will strengthen its research tradition and as a WHO Collaborating Centre for POHC will try to collect information and experience from POHC in this region and exchange ideas between POHC experts in this region on how these programmes could be further developed. This will happen according to the terms of reference and activity plans of the WHO Collaborating Centre for POHC approved by the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Stomatos is the property of Revista Stomatos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Odontología is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To determine if clinical oral health outcomes differ between people who reside in major city, inner regional and outer regional areas of Australia. Design Data from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health 2004-06 that used a clustered stratified random sampling design with telephone interviews, standardised oral epidemiological examinations and self-complete questionnaires were used to compare the clinical oral health. Main outcome measures Decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth. Participants Australians aged 15 years or more. Data were weighted by age, sex and regional location to the Estimated Resident Population, bivariate analysis undertaken to determine confounders and multivariate analysis completed with dental caries clinical measures as dependent variables. Results Inner regional people had a significantly higher decayed, missing and filled teeth than people from major cities ( Estimate = 1.15, P < 0.01), but there was no difference between inner and regional areas. Older people had higher outcomes for decayed, missing and filled teeth (15.42, P < 0.01) and missing teeth (9.66, P < 0.01), but less decayed teeth (−0.37, P < 0.01), and people with the highest incomes had lower dental caries experience (−1.34, P < 0.01) and missing teeth (−1.42, P < 0.01). Conclusion Dental caries experience was greater in inner regional areas than in major city areas, but not outer regional areas. Dental caries experience was similar in outer regional and major city areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apical periodontitis ( AP) is an inflammatory lesion around the apex of a tooth caused by bacterial infection of the pulp canal system. AP appears radiographically as a radiolucent periapical lesion ( RPL). The elective treatment for teeth with AP is root canal treatment ( RCT). No study is available about the frequency of RPL and RCT in patients with inherited coagulation disorders ( ICD). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of RPL and RCT in patients with ICD and control subjects. In a cross-sectional study, the radiographic records of 58 patients with haemophilia A, haemophilia B or von Willebrand's disease (study group) and 58 control subjects were examined. The frequency of RPL and RCT was assessed using digital panoramic radiographs and the Periapical Index. RPL in one or more teeth was found in 67.2% of patients with ICD and in 48.3% of control subjects (odds ratio = 2.20; P = 0.038). At least one RCT was found in 34.5% and 65.5% of subjects in the study and control groups respectively (odds ratio = 0.28; P = 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that subjects with ICD had RPL with higher likelihood than control subjects (odds ratio = 7.4; P = 0.0005). Patients with ICD disorders showed a significantly higher prevalence of RPL and lower frequency of RCT than control patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to analyze oral health-related perceptions, attitudes, and behavior in relation to oral hygiene conditions among 19-yr-old Swedish subjects. A random sample of 506 individuals was clinically examined regarding oral hygiene conditions and provided questionnaire-based information on oral health-related perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. Higher scores of plaque and gingivitis were significantly related to the following perceptions: (i) a less favorable oral health situation, (ii) a lower satisfaction with the esthetic appearance of the teeth, (iii) more frequent gingival bleeding during toothbrushing, (iv) less favorable self-care of the teeth, (v) a lower possibility to impact on own oral health, (vi) a lower importance of cleaning the teeth, and (vii) a lower importance of good oral health conditions. More favorable oral hygiene conditions and more positive perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards oral health were found among female subjects than among male subjects. In conclusion, adolescents with high scores of plaque and gingivitis had less positive perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors towards oral health than those with more favorable oral hygiene conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the healthcare system, including dentistry. However, it is not entirely clear whether affected patients' willingness for regular dental visits and preventive behaviors with regards oral hygiene and diet. This is essential to understanding the potential effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the acceleration of dental issues in the future. It was aimed at checking the level of dental visit avoidance, self-reported oral health needs, and dietary changes. This cross-sectional questionnaire study conducted in Poland (n = 2574; mean age 44.4 ± 15.6; female 56.3%) assessed nutritional habits and dental care changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. As demonstrated, nearly half of the responders (47.1%) avoided regular dental visits, while only 0.5% used online consultations. Fears related to potential cross-contamination in dental offices dropped from 25% to 11.4% and were associated with increased BMI and age (p < 0.05). Sweet snacking/drinking confirmed 19.1%/33.2% subjects. Self-reported oral health care needs (tooth stain, calculus, gingivitis, loss of fillings) were related to frequent snacking and poor oral hygiene (p < 0.05). The study highlights that pandemic periods are covered by eating and drinking changes combined with inadequate hygiene and dental care impose health complaints in the oral cavity. This can magnify both nutritional and interrelated oral health issues, highlighting the need to implement preventive and mitigation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To assess the oral health status of the 65-74 years old people in the northeast of China, analyze the distribution of caries and periodontal diseases in this group of people, and provide scientific basis for establishing oral health care policies. METHODS: The representative samples were selected by multi-stage, stratified and random sampling from the three provinces of northeast of China. The diagnostic standard of dental caries and periodontal diseases were based on WHO criteria. SPSS 12.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Among 2364 people aged 65-74 years, the prevalence of dental caries was 67.5% and DFT was 2.68, and the data in urban was higher than in rural. The prevalence rate of periodontal disorders, such as health, gingival bleeding, dental calculus, periodontal pockets, loss of attachment was respectively 15.4%,72.0%,86.6%,58.0% and 60.1% ,The prevalence rate of Heilongjiang and Liaoning province was lower than that of Jilin Province. CONCLUSIONS: Dental caries and periodontal diseases were the common diseases in northeast of China, systematic community based oral health promotion should be strengthened and preventive-oriented oral health care systems are needed in the northeast of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontitis is multifactorial in nature. The various determinants of periodontal disease are age, sex, race, socioeconomic status, and risk factors including tobacco usage and oral hygiene status. However, there is inconsistent epidemiological data on the periodontal status of subjects living in high-fluoride areas. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of dental fluorosis on the periodontal status using community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN), as a clinical study. The purpose of this study is to determine the periodontal status using CPITN index in a population aged between 15 and 74 years residing in the high-fluoride areas of Davangere district. The possible reasons for the susceptibility of this population to periodontal disease are discussed. Materials and Methods: 1029 subjects, aged between 15 and 74 years suffering from dental fluorosis were assessed for their periodontal status. Clinical parameters recorded were OHI-S to assess the oral hygiene status, Jackson's fluorosis index to assess the degree of fluorosis and CPITN index to assess the periodontal status where treatment need was excluded. Results: Gingivitis and periodontitis were more common in females (65.9% and 32.8%, respectively) than in males (75.1% and 24.2%, respectively). Periodontitis was significantly more common in females. As the age advanced from 15 to 55 years and above, gingivitis reduced from 81.0 to 42.9% and periodontitis increased steadily from 18.0 to 57.1%, which was significant. Periodontitis was high in subjects with poor oral hygiene (81.3%), compared to those with good oral hygiene (14.5%), which was significant. As the degree of fluorosis increased, severity of gingivitis reduced and periodontitis increased, i.e., with A degree fluorosis, gingivitis was 89.4% and periodontitis 8.5%, but with F degree fluorosis the former was 64% and the latter 35.8%, which was statistically significant. Conclusion: The results suggest that there is a strong association of occurrence of periodontal disease in high-fluoride areas. The role of plaque is well understood in contrast to the effect of fluorides on periodontal tissues. It goes a long way to reason out fluoride as an important etiological agent in periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To determine the experience, prevalence, and severity of dental caries in adolescents naturally exposed to various fluoride concentrations.Methods: A cross-sectional census was conducted on 1,538 adolescents aged 12 and 15 years living at high altitude above sea level (> 2,000 m or > 6,560 ft) in above-optimal fluoridated communities (levels ranging from 1.38 to 3.07 ppm) of Hidalgo, Mexico. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic data were collected using questionnaires. Two previously trained and standardized examiners performed the dental exams.Results: Caries prevalence was 48.6 percent and mean of decay, missing, and filling teeth (DMFT) for the whole population was 1.15 +/- 1.17. In terms of severity, 9.6 percent of the adolescents had DMFT > or = 4, and 1.7 percent had > or = 7. The significant caries index (SiC) was 2.41 in the group of 12-year-olds, and 3.46 in the 15-year-olds. Higher experience and prevalence were observed in girls, in children with dental visit in the past year, those in the wealthiest socioeconomic status (SES) (quartiles 2, 3, and 4), those whose locale of residence is in San Marcos and Tula Centro, and in fluorosis-free children and those with moderate/severe fluorosis. In an analysis of caries severity (DMFT > or = 4), both adolescents with very mild/mild and moderate/severe dental fluorosis have higher caries severity.Conclusions: The results indicated that caries experience, prevalence, and severity as well as SiC index among 12- and 15-year-old adolescents were relatively low. Sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables commonly associated with dental caries were also observed in Mexican adolescents. Unlike other studies, we found that caries increased with higher SES. Fluoride exposure (measured through fluorosis presence) does not appear to be reducing the caries prevalence (DMFT > 0) or caries severity (DMFT > or = 4) in these high-altitude communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To characterize the prevalence of geographic tongue (GT) among US adults. Design: Population-based case–control study Main outcome measures: The presence or absence of GT. Subjects and methods: Data from 16 833 adults examined during The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (NHANES III), a study based on multistage probability sampling were analyzed using SAS-callable SUDAAN 9.0.1. Results: Geographic tongue point prevalence was 1.8% (95% CI: 1.4, 2.3). Multivariate logistic regression showed significant effects of race-ethnicity, with Whites (AOR = 1.8; 1.3, 2.5) and Blacks (AOR = 1.6; 1.2, 2.1) having greater odds of GT than Mexican-Americans; current corticosteroid therapy (AOR = 3.7; 1.54, 8.6). Cigarette smokers had lower GT prevalence (AOR = 0.4; 0.3, 0.6). Fissured tongue (FT) was strongly associated with GT among non-smokers: AOR = 17.5 (7.8, 39.5). We did not find significant associations with age, gender, oral contraceptive use, diabetes mellitus, allergy or atopy, psychological or dermatological conditions as previous research has suggested. Conclusions: Geographic tongue was more prevalent among Whites and Blacks compared with Mexican-Americans, positively associated with FT, and inversely associated with cigarette smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine point and annual prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS).Reported prevalence of RAS in textbooks and much of the literature varies according to study location, patient selection and whether point prevalence (presence of lesions at examination) or period prevalence (history of lesions during a specified period) is reported. Many studies are based on non-probability samples and this may contribute to significant variation in reported prevalence and factors presumed to be associated with RAS.We analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994, a large United States probability sample, for RAS and covariates suggested in the literature using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression.Oral mucosal examinations were performed on 17 235 adults 17 years and older. Of these, 146 (0.89%) had at least one clinically apparent aphthous lesion. For annual (reported) prevalence, Whites (20.87%) and Mexican-Americans (12.88%) had several fold higher prevalence of RAS than Blacks (4.96%). Adults younger than 40 years of age had almost twice the prevalence (22.54%) of those older than 40 years (13.42%).Annual prevalence was significantly higher in whites and Mexican-Americans (compared with blacks), individuals 17–39 years of age, cigarette non-smokers, and those with recurrent herpes labialis history; while it was lower in males. Point prevalence was significantly higher in whites, Mexican-American, individuals 17–39 years of age, cigarette non-smokers, and males. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report presents and contrasts the prevalence of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) in 51 471 children and adolescents from two major studies: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988–1994 (NHANES III) and the National Survey of Oral Health in USA Schoolchildren, 1986–1987 (OHSC), large USA studies based on multistage probability sampling.Prevalence proportions, 95% confidence limits and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed for point, 12-month, and lifetime RAS prevalence using SAS-callable SUDAAN 8.0.2.Examinations were performed on 51 471 children and adolescents. Point prevalence was 1.51% (NHANES III) and 1.21% (OHSC); annual prevalence was 19.84% (NHANES III); and lifetime prevalence was 40.18% (OHSC). Multivariate logistic models showed that being white, having a history of herpes labialis, (NHANES III), and being white and an adolescent (OHSC) were predictors of RAS.Caution should be used in interpreting 12-month and lifetime RAS prevalence based a subject's recall.J Oral Pathol Med(2004)33: 558–66 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To analyze the association between subject characteristics and degree of destructive periodontal disease in a randomly selected sample of 50/55-year-old individuals. Methods: A randomized and geographically stratified (urban/rural districts) subject sample composed of dentate 50-year-old ( n = 190) and 55-year-old individuals ( n = 359) from the county of Värmland, Sweden were examined. Data were collected through full mouth clinical and radiographic examinations and by the use of questionnaires. Based on the cumulative distribution of the individuals with respect to mean probing attachment loss (PAL), subgroups of subjects with the lowest (L20%) and highest (H20%) experience of PAL were identified. Similar classifications were made for never-smokers and current smokers. Correlation analyses and forward stepwise logistic regression models were performed. Results: The subgroup with the most extensive PAL loss (H20%) included a significantly higher proportion of (i) males (60 vs 33%), (ii) subjects with low educational level (65 vs 41%), (iii) smokers (49 vs 15%), and had (iv) less favorable lifestyle characteristics than the subgroup with minimal experience of PAL loss (L20%). The same pattern of differences was observed when the analysis was restricted to never-smokers, with the addition of a significantly lower proportion of subjects living in urban areas (40 vs 69%) in the H20% compared to the L20% subgroup. The stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that number of teeth and smoking habits were significant factors in the identification of individuals in the L20% subgroup. For the H20% subgroup, number of teeth, gender, number of cigarettes/day and lifestyle index were significant explanatory variables. Conclusion: Number of remaining teeth and smoking habits were identified as the main discriminating factors for classification of subjects with regard to degree of destructive periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In a 10-year prospective study we analyzed (i) the intra-oral pattern of and (ii) potential risk factors for tooth and periodontal bone loss in 50-year-old individuals. Methods: A randomized subject sample of 50-year-old inhabitants in the County of Värmland, Sweden, was examined at baseline and after 10 years. Data from full-mouth clinical and radiographic examinations and questionnaire surveys of 309 (72%) of the individuals who were dentate at baseline were available for analysis. Non-parametric tests and binary logistic multiple regression models were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results: 4.1% of the 7,101 teeth present at baseline, distributed among 39% of the subjects, were lost during the 10-year interval. The incidence of tooth loss was highest among mandibular molars (7.5%) and lowest among canines (1.8%). The relative risk (RR) for tooth loss for endodontically compromised teeth was 4.1 and for furcation-involved molars 2.4-6.5, depending on tooth position. Logistic regression analysis identified baseline alveolar bone level (ABL), endodontic conditions, CPITN score (Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs), tooth position, caries, and educational level as risk factors for tooth loss. The overall mean 10-year ABL change was -0.54 mm (S.E. 0.01). On a tooth level the ABL change varied between -0.35 mm (mandibular molars) and -0.79 mm (mandibular incisors). Smokers experienced a greater (20-131% depending on tooth type) mean bone loss than non-smokers. The logistic regression model revealed that tooth position, smoking, and probing pocket depth ≥4 mm were risk factors for bone loss of >1 mm. No pertinent differences were observed with respect to risk factors for ABL change in the subgroup of non-smokers compared to the results of the analysis based on the entire subject sample. Conclusion: Tooth loss was more common in the molar than in the anterior tooth regions, while periodontal bone loss had a random distribution in the dentition. The predominant risk factors identified with regard to further radiographic bone loss were 'probing pocket depth ≥6 mm' and 'smoking'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bauss O, Röhling J, Schwestka-Polly R. Prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in candidates for orthodontic treatment. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20: 61–66. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004. – The dental records made on presentation of 1367 consecutive patients (731 females and 636 males) for orthodontic treatment at a private orthodontic practice between 1998 and 2002 were examined for data relating to trauma to the permanent incisors. The results showed that 10.3% of these patients had suffered from dental trauma before the onset of orthodontic treatment. The highest prevalence of dental trauma was determined in the 11–15 years age group, corresponding to the dental developmental stage of the late mixed dentition. The most frequently affected teeth were the maxillary central incisors (79.6%), and the most common types of trauma were fracture of enamel–dentin without pulpal involvement (42.7%) and fracture of enamel (33.8%). Compared to patients with normal overjet and adequate lip coverage, the frequency of dental trauma was significantly higher in patients with increased overjet and adequate lip coverage ( P = 0.028) or with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage ( P = 0.003). The results of the present study indicate that a significant percentage of candidates for orthodontic treatment, and especially those with increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage, suffer trauma to their permanent incisors before the onset of orthodontic treatment. It might also be concluded that preventive orthodontic treatment of such patients should be initiated and completed before the age of 11, i.e. in the early to middle mixed dentition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shulman JD, Peterson J. The association between incisor trauma and occlusal characteristics in individuals 8–50 years of age. Dent Traumatol 2004; 20: 67–74. © Blackwell Munksgaard, 2004. To explore the association between incisal trauma and occlusal characteristics using oral examination and health interview data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988–1994 (NHANES III). Incisal trauma examinations were performed on 15 364 individuals 6–50 years of age using an ordinal scale developed by the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Occlusal examinations were performed on 13 057 individuals 8–50 years of age. We fitted separate multivariate logistic regression models for maxillary and mandibular incisor trauma adjusting for socio-demographic variables (age, gender, race-ethnicity) and occlusal characteristics (overbite, overjet, open bite). 23.45% of all individuals evidenced trauma on at least one incisor, with trauma more than four times more prevalent on maxillary (22.59%) than on mandibular incisors (4.78%). Males (OR = 1.67) had greater odds of trauma than females; Whites (OR = 1.37) and non-Hispanic Blacks (OR = 1.37) had greater odds of trauma than Mexican–Americans. The odds of trauma increased with age, peaked from age 21 to 30 (OR = 2.92), and declined. As overjet increased, so did the odds of trauma. Compared to individuals with ≤0-mm overjet, odds of trauma increased from 1–3 mm (OR = 1.42) to 4–6 mm (OR = 2.42) to 7–8 mm (OR = 3.24) to >8 mm (OR = 12.47). Trauma to incisors is prevalent but mostly limited to enamel. Trauma to maxillary incisors is associated with overjet, gender, race-ethnicity, and age, while trauma to mandibular incisors is associated with gender, age, and overbite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract – Numerous studies focus on visits to dental clinics for emergent dental problems. Many are all-inclusive, studying traumatic injuries as well as visits for infection and other causes. Epidemiologic studies have focused on the investigation of the prevalence or incidence of dental injury. The patients were evaluated at Pediatric Dentistry, Marmara University Dental School, İstanbul over a 2-year period. For these 300 patients (446 teeth), specific diagnoses were evaluated. Dental injuries that presented most frequently in permanent dentition were crown fractures of enamel only and crown fractures of enamel and dentin. The most frequently presented dental injury in primary dentition were avulsions and crown fractures of enamel. The more frequent treatments for primary teeth were examination only. Bandage restoration, space maintainer were common procedures for permanent teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence of traumatized permanent incisors was recorded as part of a national oral health survey of schoolchildren in Malaysia. A total of 4,085 schoolchildren aged 16 years were examined. The prevalence of injury was 4.1% and it was significantly higher in males than females, with a ratio of 2:1. Almost 75% of the subjects had one tooth affected. Out of a total of 200 fractured teeth, 78.0% involved the maxillary central incisors. A high level of untreated traumatized teeth (89%) was noted. However, of the untreated traumatized teeth, only 9% presented with problems such as discoloration of tooth, sinus or abscess formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the potential association between childhood asthma and caries using oral examination and health interview data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988-1994 (NHANES III). We fitted GEE Poisson regression models with adjustment for parents' income, gender, race, exposure to potentially xerostomic drugs, and the presence of pit and fissure sealants. There was no association between the use of drugs commonly used by asthmatics (antihistamines, corticosteroids, and antiasthmatic inhalers) and df/DMF scores. Asthmatic children 4-10 years of age at all severity levels had similar dfs scores to the controls, however, severely asthmatic children 4-10 years of age had significantly lower DMFS (p = 0.010) and DMFT (0.049) scores than controls. Similarly, severely asthmatic children 11-16 years of age had significantly lower DMFT scores than controls (p = 0.024) and DMFS scores approaching statistical significance (p = 0.053). While our analysis adjusted for covariates, potential confounders such as fluoride intake from water, diet, use of topical fluorides, and dose of antiasthmatic medication could not be addressed. Our results indicate that any association between asthma and dental caries may occur primarily in younger children with no evidence of an association between asthma and dental caries as children mature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the hypothesis that occupational exposure to airborne proteolytic enzymes is associated with dental erosions on the facial surfaces of exposed teeth. Individuals (n = 425) working at a pharmaceutical and biotechnological enterprise (Novozymes A/S) were examined; their mean age was 35 years (range = 18–67 years) and 143 (34%) were women. Two hundred and two of these individuals were newly employed by the company. Occupational exposure was assessed from questionnaire and workplace information. For practical analytical purposes, individuals were categorized as either previously exposed to proteolytic enzymes or not. Information on relevant lifestyle factors and medical history was obtained from a questionnaire. The main effect measure was facial erosion, but lingual erosion indices and the presence of Class V restorations were also considered. The validity of these measures was shown to be very high. Adjusted for potential confounders, there was no association between history of occupational exposure to proteolytic enzymes and prevalent facial or lingual erosion. With respect to prevalence of Class V restorations, the association was significant. The present study did not support directly our primary hypothesis that occupational exposure to airborne proteolytic enzymes is associated with dental erosions on the facial surfaces of exposed teeth. However, the results indicate that exposure to proteolytic enzymes may lead to pronounced tooth substance loss, demanding treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A growth in research focusing on the oral health of older adults has been evident in recent years. However, there are new and complex challenges for geriatric dental researchers studying the increasingly functionally dependent and cognitively impaired older adult population. Many geriatric dental studies have under-reported oral disease prevalence and incidence by excluding adults who are cognitively impaired and/or behaviourally difficult. To ensure representative samples of older adult populations are studied, traditional oral epidemiological protocols in studies with cognitively impaired adults, require additional components detailing: (1) communication and behaviour management strategies for cognitively impaired adults; and (2) methodologies to facilitate the completion of dental examinations. A description of such additional protocol components is presented, along with a discussion of the use of cognitive testing tools by dental researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes a new fine-scaled system for classifying initial and advanced dental erosions. The system includes the use of study casts of the teeth in an epoxy resin with an accurate surface reproduction. The severity of erosion on each tooth surface is scored according to six grades of severity. In addition, the presence of a Class V restoration and dental erosion on the same surface increases the erosion score, as it is assumed that the need for restorative treatment can be caused by the erosion. A high inter-examiner agreement was found when the present scoring system was used by two examiners on the same sample. With this prerequisite it is proposed that an index value for facial, oral, incisal/occlusal and cervical surfaces is calculated as the mean value of scores for the respective surfaces. The index values represent the severity of tooth substance loss in various locations of the oral cavity and are furthermore suitable for data analysis. The system is thereby well-suited for determining etiologic factors and monitoring the progression of erosion over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]