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Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates have significant policy implications nationally and internationally. Disease burden metrics, particularly for depression, have played a critical role in raising governmental awareness of mental health and in calculating the economic cost of depression. Recently, the World Health Organization ranked depression as the single largest contributor to global disability. The main aim of this paper was to assess the basis upon which GBD prevalence estimates for major depressive disorder (MDD) were made. We identify the instruments used in the 2019 GBD estimates and provide a descriptive assessment of the five most frequently used instruments. The majority of country studies, 356/566 (62.9%), used general mental health screeners or structured/semi-structured interview guides, 98/566 (17.3%) of the studies used dedicated depression screeners, and 112 (19.8%) used other tools for assessing depression. Thus, most of the studies used instruments that were not designed to make a diagnosis of depression or assess depression severity. Our results are congruent with and extend previous research that has identified critical flaws in the data underpinning the GBD estimates for MDD. Despite the widespread promotion of these prevalence estimates, caution is needed before using them to inform public policy and mental health interventions. This is particularly important in lower-income countries where resources are scarce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Screening for perinatal depression can lower its prevalence and ensure that mothers receive adequate treatment and support. Yet, few practitioners screen for it. The present article is a brief review of barriers to screening, and two screening scales are validated for perinatal women. Findings: Even though health organizations recommend screening, most new mothers are not screened. Providers cite a lack of time, opening "Pandora's box," and a lack of resources for mothers who screen positive as the reasons why they do not screen for this condition. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaires are brief screening scales validated for new mothers and widely available. Conclusions: Screening is necessary to identify depression in pregnant and postpartum women. Practitioners who screen for this condition need a clear plan and knowledge of how to access available community resources so that they know what to do when a mother screens positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies shows that 1%–2% of world population will develop chronic skin wound in their lifetime. Nowadays, the patient report outcome measure (PROM) questionnaires are used to evaluate the patient's quality of life. However, several PROM's questionnaires analyse specific chronic wounds. In this sense, WOUND‐Q toll was designed to evaluate all types of wounds. Because of the WOUND‐Q wide applicability, the use of WOUND‐Q is helpful for other countries. This study aimed to translate and adapt WOUND‐Q tool for Brazilian Portuguese language. Two independent translators translated the WOUND‐Q questionnaire from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Then these translators build Version 1 (T1) and version 2 (T2). In a consensus meeting, a third senior author defined the final version. In the back translation process, an English proficient translator translated the Brazilian Portuguese version to the original version. After another consensus, a final version was defined. Then, our group performed a cognitive test to validate this version. After the first translation, the comparison of version T1 and T2 achieved an intraclass correlation coefficient of 77%. The back translation showed the need of few adjustments. For the cognitive test, the mean age was 44.1 ± 9.3 years. Only one question was changed to improve comprehensiveness. In the review phase, few adjustments were performed to the final Brazilian Portuguese version, mostly regarding verbal tense and prepositions. In conclusion, this study successfully translated and adapted the WOUND‐Q questionnaire for a Brazilian Portuguese version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to explore the relationship between somatization and minority stress in the LGBTQ+ community in Hungary, building on the biopsychosocial model, addressing the unique health challenges of the community and expanding the currently limited literature on the subject. The study involved adult, LGBTQ+, Hungarian individuals, and it assessed somatic symptom severity using the Patient Health Questionnaire-15. Ordinal logistic regressions were carried out, using multiple covariates and factors. Our findings shows that women reported higher somatic symptoms and stress levels, however, these effects are moderate among those living in the capital. The influence of residence type on the individual's psychosomatic health was proven to depend on their sexual orientations and gender identities. Additionally, older respondents, regardless of their gender or sexual orientation, seem to experience less somatic symptoms and stress. The gender respondents identify with, their type of residency, and age have been demonstrated as the most significant factors influencing somatic symptoms and perceived stress. As one of the pioneering studies on psychosomatic symptoms in sexual and gender minorities in Hungary, this research underscores the imperative to academically and practically address the health concerns of the LGBTQ+ community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is among known mental health conditions and students in schools of medicine are not immune to it. In this investigative study, 211 clinical medical students of two private universities from North-Central Nigeria were examined on depression prevalence, the contributory factors and their coping strategies. Methods: The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), the Medical Student’s Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) and identified coping strategies according to Coping Oriented to Problems Experienced Inventory (COPE) were instruments of data collection. Results: The results were obtained by both descriptive analysis and test of association between some categorical variables. The depression prevalence amongst the participants was 159 (75.4%). Females (124 (78.0%)) were more depressed than males (35 (22.0%)). Factors identified as contributing to depression were the heavy academic workload (124 (78.5%)), insufficient family time (93 (58.1%)) and financial constraints (54 (34.0%)). The most utilized method of coping with their stress was engaging on social media (133 (84.2%)), followed by talking with relatives or friends (99 (62.7%)) and use of recreational drugs (20 (12.8%)). The findings from this study have shown that more than three-quarters of the respondents suffered from varying degrees of depression from mild, 63 (29.9%), moderate, 53 (25.1%) to severe, 43 (20.4%). Conclusions: The heavy academic workload was a major source of depression. Colleges of Medicine should take pro-active steps towards their students’ mental health and academic workload should be well spaced to reduce the stress imposed by the frequency of examinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is the second leading-cause of disability in China. Although studies have shown that more than 80% of patients with advanced schistosomiasis (AS) suffer from anxiety and depression, these study groups are all hospitalized patients with AS and do not represent the extent of the disease in the whole group. To our knowledge, there are no studies assessing the severity of depression in patients with other forms of schistosomiasis japonicum. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the occurrence and potential risk factors of depression in the schistosomiasis endemic population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Jiangxi Province, where schistosomiasis is relatively common in China, as the investigation site. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale was selected to assess the depressive symptoms in the study population. At the same time, basic personal information of the research subjects and relevant socio-economics and schistosomiasis endemic area indicators were collected. The survey results show that AS has the highest incidence of depression (34.35%), while non-advanced schistosomiasis (N-AS) and control group (CG) have 22.35% and 22.24% respectively; the incidence of depression in AS is significantly higher than in N-AS and CG, while there is no statistical significance in the comparison between N-AS and CG; the incidence of mild depressive symptoms accounts for 61.08%-75.54% of the total incidence of depression in different groups; multivariate analysis shows that the occurrence of moderate/severe depressive symptoms in the AS group was significantly related to above 60 years old, male, the combination of other serious diseases, personal financial difficulties, and marshland and lake endemic areas. In the N-AS group, the occurrence of moderate/severe depressive symptoms was significantly related to the combination of other serious diseases, personal financial difficulties, significant correlation between marshland and lake endemic areas and the level of control of schistosomiasis epidemics. In conclusion, depression is still relatively common among patients with schistosomiasis patients, especially those with AS. It is recommended that the government and relevant departments consider mental health care when developing prevention and control work in schistosomiasis-endemic areas, in order to effectively protect the physical and mental health of schistosomiasis patients and residents in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic illnesses experience an increase in mental health concerns. A mental health screening (MHS) process for hematology and oncology patients was implemented in a single institution. The quality improvement project was conducted to integrate a MHS process, educate providers about the importance of mental health in this patient population, and evaluate the process. Methods: The COM-B (capability, opportunity, motivation–behavior) model for behavior change was used to inform strategic planning and Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) methodologies for process improvement. Retrospective chart reviews and surveys were conducted to determine missed screening rates and providers' perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and skills of the MHS process. Results: Of 334 eligible patient encounters, the missed screening rate was 15.0%, the overall error rate of completing the screening was 3.8%, the error rate of completing the suicide or self-harm indicator was 2.6%, and the missed medical social worker touch point was 4.8%. Conclusion: The rising rates of mental health concerns in AYA hematology and oncology patients call for streamlined MHS processes to improve the identification of patients who may need intervention and services. Processes should be tailored to workflows and available resources. Future PDSA cycles will include providing dedicated nursing education and determining the cost needed to meet the rising mental health needs of the AYA hematology and oncology population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Sleep disturbances often accompany mood disorders and persistent insomnia after mood symptoms have resolved may be a marker of poor outcome. The association between sleep symptoms and mood disorders seems to change with age and sex. This study aims to assess the frequency of depressive episodes and sleep disorders in the general population through an agile screening questionnaire and to evaluate the association of depressive episodes and sleep symptoms by sex and age categories. Methods: 774 women and 728 men from Sardinia aged > 16 years old were enrolled. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was administered through a computer-assisted telephonic interview. Results: The frequency of depressive episodes was double in women (10.6% vs. 4.4%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (17.4%). The frequency of sleep dysregulation was double in women (18.7% vs. 9.6%; p < 0.0001), with the highest values in women > 75 yo (35.9%) and the lowest in the group of men > 75 yo. The group of young males showed the lowest frequency of depressive episodes (1.4%) and a frequency of sleep dysregulation (9.1%) similar to that of the other groups of age and sex. Sleep dysregulation without depressive episodes presented a higher distribution in the elderly, both in males (20.7%) and in females (18.5%). No significative differences were found across sex and age groups in the distribution of depressive episodes without sleep dysregulation. Conclusions: The use of an agile screener such as PHQ9 in the general population and/or in populations at risk can be a valuable tool in finding those individuals in whom sleep dysregulation may represent an early warning signal, one that may be thoroughly evaluated to identify and treat possible sleep disorders early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric illness characterized by a chronic course and recurrent episodes, including residual depressive symptoms even during euthymic phases. These symptoms, although not meeting criteria for a depressive episode, are linked to relapse risk and impaired social functioning. This study aims to assess whether Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation Training reduces depressive symptoms below the clinical threshold in individuals with BD. Methods: This post hoc analysis focuses on the secondary outcome (PHQ9) of a randomized–controlled trial. Participants were recruited from the Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatics in Italy. The experimental group received Virtual Reality Cognitive Remediation, while the control group received standard treatment Results: Data from 39 individuals in the experimental group and 25 in the control group were analyzed. A greater reduction in PHQ-9 scores (>9) was observed in the experimental group (71.8% to 48.7%) compared to the control group. Significant improvements in total PHQ-9 scores and specific symptoms were noted in the experimental group compared to the control group. Conclusions: The study highlights the significant impact of virtual reality intervention on reducing depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. This promising outcome underscores the potential preventive role of cognitive stimulation in relapse prevention. The intervention could offer valuable benefits for both treatment and prevention strategies in bipolar disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and depression are psychiatric disorders that often coexist and share some features. Developing a simple and cost-effective tool to assess anxiety and depression in the Arabic-speaking population, predominantly residing in low- and middle-income nations where research can be arduous, would be immensely beneficial. The study aimed to translate the four-item composite Patient Health Questionnaire – 4 (PHQ-4) into Arabic and evaluate its psychometric properties, including internal reliability, sex invariance, composite reliability, and correlation with measures of psychological distress. Methods: 587 Arabic-speaking adults were recruited between February and March 2023. An anonymous self-administered Google Forms link was distributed via social media networks. We utilized the FACTOR software to explore the factor structure of the Arabic PHQ-4. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) indicated that fit of the two-factor model of the PHQ-4 scores was modest (χ2/df =.13/1 =.13, RMSEA =.001, SRMR =.002, CFI = 1.005, TLI = 1.000). Internal reliability was excellent (McDonald's omega =.86; Cronbach's alpha =.86). Indices suggested that configural, metric, and scalar invariance were supported across sex. No significant difference was found between males and females in terms of the PHQ-4 total scores, PHQ-4 anxiety scores, and PHQ-4 depression scores. The total score of the PHQ-4 and its depression and anxiety scores were significantly and moderately-to-strongly associated with lower wellbeing and higher Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) total and subscales scores. Conclusion: The PHQ-4 proves to be a reliable, valid, and cost-effective tool for assessing symptoms related to depression and anxiety. To evaluate the practical effectiveness of the Arabic PHQ-4 and to further enhance the data on its construct validity, future studies should assess the measure in diverse contexts and among specific populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent and often comorbid mental disorders that are encompassed within the broad category of emotional disorders. The frequent comorbidity of anxiety and depression can pose challenges for accurate diagnosis and treatment which, in turn, highlights the need for reliable measurements that are simultaneously responsive to change and prevent non-response bias. Brief measures of anxiety and depression can potentially increase response rates due to their brevity and ease of administration. This study evaluates the psychometric characteristics, discriminative accuracy, and sensitivity to change of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item scale (GAD-2) and the Patient Health Questionnaire 2-item scale (PHQ-2) within a clinical population. Method: The sample comprised treatment-seeking participants (n = 3,411), screened (n = 2,477) to receive an internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention (cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, or waitlist). Results: Brief measures can effectively detect individuals who may be eligible for a diagnosis of depression and anxiety, not only prior to but also during and following the completion of psychological treatment. The discriminative ability of the GAD-2 was significantly greater during active treatment and at post-assessment compared with pre-treatment screening, although no such differences were found for the PHQ-2. Finally, endorsing the most severe response option on the GAD-2 and PHQ-2 was associated with a high probability of presenting with clinically relevant anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Brief measures of anxiety and depression are viable instruments to screen for and monitor anxiety and depressive symptoms. Clinical trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT05016843. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Purpose: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Spine Functional Index (SFI) into Brazilian Portuguese (SFI-Br) in individuals with musculoskeletal spine disorders. Methods: Participants (n=194) answered the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire for General Pain (RMDQ-g), and SFI-25 incorporating the SFI-10. Structural validity, from confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), used comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and chi-square/degrees of freedom (DF). The best structure was considered from the lower values of the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Construct and criterion validity used Spearman's correlation coefficient (rho). Internal consistency used Cronbach's alpha, reliability used intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1), with ceiling and floor effects determined. Error used the standard error of the measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change, 90% level (MDC90). Results: Adequate fit indices demonstrated an unequivocal one-factor structure only for the SFI-10 (chi-square/DF <3.00, CFI and TLI >0.90, RMSEA <0.08). The SFI-10-Br correlation was high with the SFI-Br (rho=0.914, p<0.001), moderate for the RMDQ-g (rho=-0.78), SF-36 functional capacity domain (rho=0.718) and NPRS (rho=-0.526); and adequate for the remaining SF-36 domains (rho>0.30). Test-retest reliability (ICC2,1=0.826) and internal consistency (alpha=0.864) were high. No ceiling or floor effects were observed, and error was satisfactory (SEM=9.08%, MDC90=25.15%). Conclusion: The SFI Brazilian version was successfully produced with the 10-item version showing an unequivocal one-factor structure, high construct and criterion validity, reliability, internal consistency, and satisfactory error. Further research on responsiveness is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) frequently suffer from depressive comorbidity. CHF and depressive comorbidity can cause somatic symptoms. The correct attribution of somatic symptoms is important. Thus, we aimed to assess potential differences in somatic symptom severity between CHF patients with and without depressive comorbidity. Methods: We evaluated depressive comorbidity using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), somatic symptom severity with the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and sociodemographic and medical variables in 308 CHF outpatients. To compare somatic symptom severity between CHF patients with and without depressive comorbidity, we conducted item-level analyses of covariance. Results: Of the 308 participating patients, 93 (30.3%) met the PHQ-9 criteria for depressive comorbidity. These patients did not differ from those without depressive comorbidity with regard to age, sex, left ventricular function, and multimorbidity. Patients with depressive comorbidity scored significantly higher on ten out of thirteen PHQ-15 items than patients without depressive comorbidity. The largest effect sizes (0.71-0.80) were shown for symptoms of headache, chest pain, shortness of breath, and palpitations, and the latter three were potentially attributable to heart failure. Conclusions: Among patients with CHF, somatic symptoms are more pronounced in those with depressive comorbidity than those without depressive comorbidity. This finding is especially true for cardiac symptoms independent of CHF severity. The potential interpretation of somatic symptoms as correlates of depressive comorbidity must be recognized in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The burdens of anxiety and depression symptoms have significantly increased in the general US population, especially during this COVID-19 epidemiological crisis. The first step in an effective treatment for anxiety and depression disorders is screening. The Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4, a 4-item measure of anxiety/ depression) and its subscales (PHQ-2 [a 2-item measure of depression] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder [GAD-2, a 2-item measure of anxiety]) are brief but effective mass screening instruments for anxiety and depression symptoms in general populations. However, little to no study examined the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and validity) of the PHQ-4 and its subscales (PHQ-2 and GAD-2) in the general US adult population or based on US nativity (i.e., foreign-born vs. the US-born). We evaluated the psychometric properties of the PHQ-4 and its subscales in US adults, as well as the psychometric equivalence of the PHQ-4 scale based on nativity. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 5,140 adults aged≥18 years. We examined the factorial validity and dimensionality of the PHQ-4 with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). A multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) was used to evaluate the comparability of the PHQ-4 across nativity groups. Reliability indices were assessed. Also, the scales’ construct validities were assessed by examining the associations of both the PHQ-4 and its subscales’ scores with the sociodemographic characteristics and the 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. Results The internal consistencies were high for the PHQ-4 scale (α=0.92) and its subscales of PHQ-2 (α=0.86) and GAD-2 (α=0.90). The CFA fit indices showed evidence for the two-factor structure of the PHQ-4. The two factors (i.e., anxiety and depression) were significantly correlated (r=0.92). The MCFA demonstrated measurement invariance of the PHQ-4 across the nativity groups, but the model fits the data better in the foreign-born group. There were significant associations of the PHQ-4 scale and its subscales’ scores with the sociodemographic characteristics and the UCLA Loneliness scale (all p<0.001). Conclusions The PHQ-4 and its subscales are reliable and valid measures to screen anxiety and depression symptoms in the general US adult population, especially in foreign-born individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open in new tab Download slide OBJECTIVES Depression has been associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine whether self-reported preoperative depressive symptoms were associated with worse long-term survival in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS This population-based, observational cohort study included patients who had undergone cardiac surgery at Karolinska University Hospital between 2013 and 2016. Self-reported data about depressive symptoms were collected using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and other patient data were collected from the institutional surgical database and medical charts. Depression was defined as a PHQ-9 score ≥10. Weighted flexible parametric survival models were used to estimate the association between self-reported preoperative depressive symptoms and all‐cause mortality and to quantify absolute survival differences. RESULTS Of the 1120 study patients, 162 (14.5%) had depressive symptoms before cardiac surgery. During a mean follow-up of 7.2 years (maximum, 9.2 years), there were 36 deaths in 1129 person-years (PYs) in the depressed group, compared to 160 deaths in 6889 PYs in the non-depressed group. In the adjusted analysis, self-reported depressive symptoms were associated with worse long-term survival (hazard ratio 1.66; 95% confidence interval 1.09–2.54) compared with no reported depressive symptoms. The absolute survival differences (% and 95% confidence interval) between the non-depressed and the depressed patients were –1.9 (–3.9 to 0.19), –5.7 (–11 to –0.01) and –9.7 (–19 to –0.4) after 1, 5 and 8 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported preoperative depressive symptoms were associated with worse long-term survival following cardiac surgery and should be regarded as important as other classical risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Enuresis is associated with attentional and emotional comorbidities in 20 to 30 % of cases. The Short Screening Instrument for Psychological Problems in Enuresis (SSIPPE) is a questionnaire that allows the initial screening of these comorbidities. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the SSIPPE for Brazilian children and adolescents (SSIPPE-Br). Methods: Six steps were performed for translation and cross-cultural adaptation: translation, synthesis of translations, back-translation, preparation of the pre-final version of the translated instrument, test of comprehensibility of the pre-final version of the tool, and elaboration of the instrument cross-culturally adapted for Brazil, named 13-itens version SSIPPE-Br. To validate the SSIPPE-Br, a cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the validated Brazilian version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI) was used. Results: Validation was performed on 127 children and adolescents with a mean age of 9.7 § 2.8 years, 48 % male. The reliability was estimated using Cronbach's alpha, ranging from 0.86 to 0.89, indicating good internal consistency. The factorial analysis had a good agreement adjustment (KMO 0.755, Bartlett's test < 0.001) and explained 70.5 % of the data variability. In the reproducibility analysis, the Kappa coefficient ranged from 0.94 to 1, which can be considered almost perfect. A highly significant (p-value < 0.001) and direct correlation existed between the three SSIPPE-Br domains and all evaluated CABI domains. Conclusion: The SSIPPE-Br is a valid and reliable tool for emotional problems screening and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with enuresis whose first language is Brazilian Portuguese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide. An accurate assessment of depressive symptomology is crucial for clinical management and research. This study assessed the convergent validity, reliability, and total scale score interconversion across the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) self-report, the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-clinician report (QIDS-C) (two widely used clinical ratings) and the 5-item Very Brief Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-clinician report (VQIDS-C), which evaluate the core features of MDD. Patients and Methods: This study leveraged electronic health record (EHR)-derived, de-identified data from the NeuroBlu Database (Version 23R1), a longitudinal behavioural health real-world platform. Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) analyses were used to evaluate the reliability, validity of, and conversions between the scales. The Test Information Function (TIF) was calculated for each scale, with greater test information reflecting higher precision and reliability in measuring depressive symptomology. IRT was also used to generate conversion tables so that total scores on each scale could be compared to the other. Results: The study sample (n = 2,156) had an average age of 36.4 years (standard deviation [SD] = 13.0) and 59.7% were female. The mean depression scores for the PHQ-9, QIDS-C, and VQIDS-C were 12.9 (SD = 6.6), 12.0 (SD = 4.9), and 6.18 (SD = 3.2), respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients for PHQ-9, QIDS-C, and VQIDS-C were 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively, suggesting acceptable internal consistency. PHQ-9 (TIF = 30.3) demonstrated the best assessment of depressive symptomology, followed by QIDS-C (TIF = 25.8) and VQIDS-C (TIF = 17.7). Conclusion: Overall, PHQ-9, QIDS-C, and VQIDS-C appear to be reliable and convertible measures of MDD symptomology within a US-based adult population in a real-world clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression has a negative impact on the health outcomes of hemodialysis (HD) patients, including decreased quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and its associated factors among HD patients in Hodeida city, Yemen. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 200 HD patients at the Dialysis Center in Hodeida was conducted from February to May 2022. Data on depression were collected using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Association of sociodemographic characteristics of patients with depression were assessed using chi-square, subsequently by multivariable logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at P-values < 0.05. Results: The response rate was 98% (200/204). Depression was prevalent among 63% of HD patients at the Dialysis Center in Hodeida city. Sex was significantly associated with depression, where female patients were more frequently depressed than males (82.4% vs 56.4%, P < 0.001). In addition, employment status and medical insurance were significantly associated with depression, where unemployed patients were more frequently depressed than employed patients (67.6% vs 52.5%, P = 0.041) and patients with medical insurance were less frequently depressed than their counterparts (47.1% vs 66.3%, P = 0.035). Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among HD patients in Hodeida city. Female sex, unemployment and lack of medical insurance are predictors of depression among HD patients. These findings emphasize the urgent need for targeted interventions. Implications for practice: Depression is common among HD patients, so that, psychiatric physicians and nurses are increasingly needed in HD centers to implement mental health assessment of patients for depression signs and symptoms to help in early diagnosis and management of depression in order to improve patients' quality of life and preventing negative outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression and suicide are significant public health issues. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is commonly used to assess for symptoms of depression, but its psychometric properties within Multiracial/ethnic populations remains uncertain. In a study involving 1,012 English-speaking Multiracial/ethnic participants from the United States (US), the PHQ-9 showed strong internal consistency (α  =  0.93) and supported a one-factor structure. No measurement variance was observed between Non-White and White/NonWhite Multiracial/ethic subgroups. PHQ-2, with a cutoff of ≥3, identified fewer depression cases than PHQ-9 (32% vs. 40%), with sensitivities of 75–99% and specificities of 74–96%; a cutoff of ≥2 missed fewer cases. Item performance of the ninth PHQ-9 question, addressing thoughts of death or self-harm, varied across generations with younger generations more likely to endorse thoughts of death or self-harm at any level of symptom severity. The findings suggest the PHQ-9 demonstrated adequate reliability within a population of Multiracial/ ethnic adults in the US; however, the use of the 9th item of the PHQ-9 may not be adequate for identifying individuals at risk for suicidal thoughts and/or behaviors, particularly for older Multiracial/ethnic adults. The lower sensitivity of the PHQ-2 with a ≥ 3 cutoff suggests a cutoff of ≥2 may be preferable to miss fewer cases of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition and sickle cell anemia (SCA) result in high childhood mortality rates. Although maternal depression is an established risk factor for malnutrition in younger children, little is known about its impact on treatment response in children with malnutrition. We aimed to determine the relationship, if any, between maternal depression scores and malnutrition treatment outcomes in older children with SCA. Methods: We conducted a planned ancillary study to our randomized controlled feasibility trial for managing severe acute malnutrition in children aged 5–12 with SCA in northern Nigeria (NCT03634488). Mothers of participants completed a depression screen using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).We used a multivariable linear regression model to describe the relationship between the baseline maternal PHQ-9 score and the trial participant's final body mass index (BMI) z-score. Results: Out of 108 mother-child dyads, 101 with maternal baseline PHQ-9 scores were eligible for inclusion in this analysis. At baseline, 25.7% of mothers (26 of 101) screened positive for at least mild depression (PHQ-9 score of 5 or above). The baseline maternal PHQ-9 score was negatively associated with the child's BMI z-score after 12 weeks of malnutrition treatment (β=-0.045, p = 0.041). Conclusions: Maternal depressive symptoms has an impact on malnutrition treatment outcomes. Treatment of malnutrition in older children with sickle cell anemia should include screening for maternal depression and, if indicated, appropriate maternal referral for depression evaluation and treatment. Trial Registration: The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03634488) on January 30, 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03634488. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) can be defined as the goodness of life, beyond simply absence of disease or functional impairments, self-rating scales of which capture valuable information beyond change in primary outcomes. This study (n = 3,384) validated the Brunnsviken Brief Quality of Life Inventory (BBQ) across divergent groups by evaluating its measurement invariance (MI). We hypothesized measurement invariance for the BBQ across age groups, genders, depression, and anxiety severity. Potential cutoff points for the BBQ were also explored. Method: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models were fit to sample data obtained from an ongoing study on transdiagnostic internet-based treatment modules. Parameters were successively constrained to assess configural, metric, scalar, and residual invariance factor structures across different groups. Results: The BBQ demonstrated MI at the metric level and partial MI at the scalar level across all these groups, which remained stable at the strict-residual level for all groups except for genders. These results remained stable after correcting for unbalanced group sizes for gender, clinical-subclinical levels of depression, and clinical-subclinical levels of anxiety. A cutoff point analysis revealed that a BBQ total scores below 39 was associated with notable psychopathology. Discussion: The BBQ is a reliable measure of QoL that is applicable for various divergent groups (e.g., vulnerable persons), and thus a viable instrument for use in healthcare and research with minimal aversive impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Cultural adaptation of the Patient Health Questionnaire-PHQ-9 to Bolivian Quechua and analysis of the internal structure validity, reliability, and measurement invariance by sociodemographic variables. Methods: The PHQ-9 was translated and back-translated (English-Quechua-English) to optimise translation. For the cultural adaptation, experts, and people from the target population (e.g., in focus groups) verified the suitability of the translated PHQ-9. For the psychometric analysis, we performed a Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to evaluate internal validity, calculated α and ω indices to assess reliability, and performed a Multiple Indicator, Multiple Cause (MIMIC) model for evaluating measurement invariance by sex, age, marital status, educational level and residence. We used standard goodness-of-fit indices to interpret both CFA results. Results: The experts and focus groups improved the translated PHQ-9, making it clear and culturally equivalent. For the psychometric analysis, we included data from 397 participants, from which 73.3% were female, 33.0% were 18–30 years old, 56.7% reported primary school studies, 63.2% were single, and 62.0% resided in urban areas. In the CFA, the single-factor model showed adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.983; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.977; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.046; Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation = 0.069), while the reliability was optimal (α = 0.869—0.877; ω = 0.874—0.885). The invariance was confirmed across all sociodemographic variables (Change in Comparative Fit Index (delta) or Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (delta) < 0.01). Conclusions: The PHQ-9 adapted to Bolivian Quechua offers a valid, reliable and invariant unidimensional measurement across groups by sex, age, marital status, educational level and residence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty / Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University Medical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aims and objectives: (1) To investigate the vulnerability of nurses to experiencing professional burnout and low fulfilment across 5 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. (2) To identify modifiable variables in hospital leadership and individual vulnerabilities that may mitigate these effects. Background: Nurses were at increased risk for burnout and low fulfilment prior to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Hospital leadership factors such as organisational structure and open communication and consideration of employee opinions are known to have positive impacts on work attitudes. Personal risk factors for burnout include symptoms of depression and anxiety. Methods: Healthcare workers (n = 406 at baseline, n = 234 longitudinal), including doctors (n = 102), nurses (n = 94), technicians (n = 90) and non‐clinical administrative staff (n = 120), completed 5 online questionnaires, once per month, for 5 months. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires on professional fulfilment and burnout, perceptions of healthcare leadership, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. Participants were recruited from various healthcare settings in the southeastern United States. The STROBE checklist was used to report the present study. Results: Both at baseline and across the 5 months, nurses working during the COVID‐19 pandemic reported increased burnout and decreased fulfilment relative to doctors. For all participants, burnout remained largely steady and fulfilment decreased slightly. The strongest predictors of both burnout and fulfilment were organisational structure and depressive symptoms. Leadership consideration and anxiety symptoms had smaller, yet significant, relationships to burnout and fulfilment in longitudinal analyses. Conclusions: Burnout and reduced fulfilment remain a problem for healthcare workers, especially nurses. Leadership styles and employee symptoms of depression and anxiety are appropriate targets for intervention. Relevance to clinical practice: Leadership wishing to reduce burnout and increase fulfilment among employees should increase levels of organisational support and consideration and expand supports to employees seeking treatment for depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resilience—the ability to bounce back or quickly recover from stress—has been found to predict treatment outcome in patients with mental disorders such as depression. The current study aimed to test whether resilience itself changes during treatment and whether resilience exclusively predicts changes in depressive symptoms or whether depressive symptoms also predict changes in resilience. Methods: Inpatients with depression (N = 2165; average length of stay M = 60 days, SD = 32) completed the Brief Resilience Scale and the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale at admission and discharge, scores of which were used to run a cross‐lagged panel model. Results: Resilience increased and depressive symptoms decreased from admission to discharge. Cross‐sectionally, higher resilience was related to lower depressive symptoms at admission and at discharge. Prospectively, higher resilience at admission predicted stronger decreases in depressive symptoms, and higher depressive symptoms at admission predicted smaller increases in resilience. Limitations: Self‐report questionnaires may potentially be biased (e.g., through recall bias, social desirability, or demand effects). Conclusions: The current study further supports that resilience is related not only to fewer mental health problems cross‐sectionally but also is sensitive to change and a predictor of treatment outcome in patients with mental disorders. Given this pivotal role in mental health, the current findings highlight the importance of prevention and intervention approaches for promoting resilience in the general population and in persons with mental disorders in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validity and reliability refer to the accuracy and consistency of a research tool. In the previous article in this series, we examined the development of a research questionnaire. In this article, we discuss the methods of determining the validity and reliability of a research questionnaire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Abdominal obesity (AO) is characterised by excess adipose tissue. It is a metabolic risk that affects the physical and mental health, particularly in women since they are more prone to mental health problems like depression. This study investigated the association between AO and depressive symptoms in Peruvian women of reproductive age (18–49 years). Design: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Setting: Peruvian women population of reproductive age. Participants: We used data from the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (DHS) for 2018 and 2019 to assess 17 067 women for the presence of depressive symptoms (using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9): cut-off score ≥ 10) and AO (measured by abdominal circumference; cut-off score ≥88 cm). Results: We observed a 64·55 % prevalence of AO and 7·61 % of depressive symptoms in the study sample. Furthermore, 8·23 % of women with AO had depressive symptoms (P < 0·05). Initially, women with AO appeared to have a 26 % higher risk of depressive symptoms compared with women without AO (P = 0·028); however, after adjustment for covariates, no statistically significant association was observed. Conclusions: Therefore, although both conditions are common in women of this age group, no significant association was found between AO and depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Cardiología de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of MediSur is the property of Centro Provincial de Informacion de Ciencias Medicas de Cinfuegos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Approximately 15% of people with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa have comorbid depression, which impacts treatment outcomes. We describe predictors of baseline depressive symptoms in 1079 female and 1079 male participants in a cluster-randomized trial in Zambézia Province, Mozambique from November 2017 to December 2020. We modeled each partners' depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9]) using proportional odds models adjusted for enrollment date, age, body mass index [BMI], partner's PHQ-9 score, district, relationship status, education, occupation, WHO HIV clinical stage, and antiretroviral therapy use history. A post hoc analysis assessed covariate-adjusted rank correlation between partner depressive symptoms. Females were younger than males (median 23 vs. 28 years) and more likely to report no education (20.7% vs. 7.9%). Approximately 10% screened positive for depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10). Partner depressive symptoms were predictive of higher participant PHQ-9 scores. A male partner PHQ-9 score of 10 (versus 5) increased the odds that the female partner would have a higher PHQ-9 score (adjusted odds ratio: 7.25, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 5.43–9.67). Partner PHQ-9 scores were highly correlated after covariate adjustment (Spearman's rho 0.65, 95% CI 0.57–0.72). Interventions aimed to reduce depressive symptoms and improve HIV-related outcomes during pregnancy should address both partners' depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of specific symptoms of depression in athletes and to test differences in the likelihood of athletes exhibiting these symptoms across age, sex, type of team sport, and level of competition. A sample of Icelandic male and female team sport athletes (N = 894, 18–42 years) was included in the study. Of the athletes exhibiting clinically significant depressive symptoms on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, 37.5% did not exhibit core symptoms of depression. Compared with males, females were significantly more likely to exhibit depressed mood, feelings of worthlessness/guilt, and problems with sleep, fatigue, appetite, and concentration. Within males, differences were mostly related to neurovegetative aspects of depression (sleep and appetite), whereas in females, differences were related to cognitive/emotional aspects (e.g., depressed mood, guilt/worthlessness). The findings underline the importance of exploring specific symptoms of depression to provide a richer understanding of depressive symptomology in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High prevalence of depression in transgender women highlights the importance of validating the measure to assess depression. Moreover, depression is significantly associated with suicide across research studies. The aims of the current study were to validate a Chinese-language version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and to assess operating characteristics of the PHQ-9 for suicide screening in transgender women. Methods: With the approval of an Institutional Review Board (IRB), a total of 198 transgender women living in Shenyang, China, were recruited, and asked to complete the PHQ-9, including measures of their suicidal ideation, planning and attempt. Results: A one-factor model of the PHQ-9 was supported in the current sample, showing good reliability and validity. The best cutoff point for the PHQ-9 in suicidal ideation was 17, with a sensitivity/specificity of 77.78%; the best cutoff point for PHQ-9 in suicidal planning was 17, with a sensitivity of 81.82% and a specificity of 73.26%; and the best cutoff point for PHQ-9 in suicidal attempt was 20, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 90.21%. Conclusion: Findings supported the validity of the PHQ-9. With potential clinical or research application, the PHQ-9 can be an efficient instrument for suicide screening in transgender women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of International Obstetrics & Gynecology is the property of TianJin Medical Information Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Primary health care (PHC) professionals may play a crucial role in improving early diagnosis of depressive disorders. However, only 50% of cases are detected in PHC. The most widely used screening instrument for major depression is the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ), including the two-, eight- and nine-item versions. Surprisingly, there is neither enough evidence about the validity of PHQ in PHC patients in Spain nor indications about how to interpret the total scores. This study aimed to gather validity evidence to support the use of the three PHQ versions to screen for major depression in PHC in Spain. Additionally, the present study provided information for helping professionals to choose the best PHQ version according to the context. Methods: The sample was composed of 2579 participants from 22 Spanish PHC centers participating in the EIRA-3 study. The reliability and validity of the three PHQ versions for Spanish PHC patients were assessed based on responses to the questionnaire. Results: The PHQ-8 and PHQ-9 showed high internal consistency. The results obtained confirm the theoretically expected relationship between PHQ results and anxiety, social support and health-related QoL. A single-factor solution was confirmed. Regarding to the level of agreement with the CIDI interview (used as the criterion), our results indicate that the PHQ has a good discrimination power. The optimal cut-off values were: ⩾2 for PHQ-2, ⩾7 for PHQ-8 and ⩾8 for PHQ-9. Conclusions: PHQ is a good and valuable tool for detecting major depression in PHC patients in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is an underdiagnosed medical condition with a high prevalence in populations such as patients with frailty, neurological disease, or head and neck pathology. Potential barriers to its diagnosis include lack of (or low) awareness of the existence and severity of the condition, the hidden nature of the condition within the 'normal ageing' process, clinical limitations, and socioeconomic reasons. Consequently, an effective treatment is not systematically offered in a timely manner, and complications, such as dehydration and respiratory infections or aspiration pneumonia, can arise. To overcome this issue, the early use of screening questionnaires to identify people at risk of swallowing disorders represents the cornerstone of preventive medicine. Several screening tools have been created but few are widely used in clinical practice. The Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) was developed as a quick, easy-to-understand, and self-administered screening tool for OD. Methods: A literature review was conducted in five databases with no restrictions on the language, date of publication, or design of the study to identify aspects of the validation, applicability, and usefulness of EAT-10. Results and Conclusions: Transcultural adaptation and translation studies, as well as studies involving various types of patients with dysphagia in different settings have shown the validity and reliability of EAT-10 in relation to the gold standard and other validation tools. The use of this standardised screening tool could be used as a primary screening instrument of dysphagia in routine clinical practice across a wide range of diseases and settings and thereby increase the likelihood of early diagnosis and management of a condition that lead to serious complications and impaired quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questionnaires are often used as part of research studies to collect data from participants. However, the information obtained through a questionnaire is dependent on how it has been designed, used, and validated. In this article, we look at the types of research questionnaires, their applications and limitations, and how a new questionnaire is developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression may be a frequent sequela after stroke, however, its incidence has rarely been reported. The likelihood of post-stroke depression (PSD) may relate to individual factors including the presence of aphasia, which also complicates PSD diagnosis. The current study's purpose was to investigate the incidence of PSD symptoms in adults with aphasia, compare it to the incidence of PSD symptoms in adults without aphasia, and to identify potential risk factors for developing PSD in adults with aphasia. Incidence proportions and relative risk were calculated using data compiled from 970 patient records at an urban tertiary care academic institution and comprehensive stroke center throughout the year of 2019. Focusing exclusively on adults with aphasia, the selected variables of age, gender, race, and aphasia severity were used to conduct logistic regression analyses to explore potential risk factors contributing to the development of PSD. Adults with aphasia were 7.408 times more likely to exhibit PSD symptoms than adults without aphasia. Logistic regression controlling for the presence of aphasia showed a significant relationship between aphasia severity and post-stroke depression symptoms. Adults with aphasia were 2.06 times more likely to experience post-stroke depression symptoms with every 1-point increase in aphasia severity. These findings align with earlier evidence identifying aphasia as a risk factor for experiencing PSD symptoms and also suggest aphasia severity is proportionate to the risk. This highlights the need for early identification of PSD symptoms in persons with aphasia in order to provide timely interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and hypothesis: The aims of the study were the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of self-administered Australian Pelvic Floor Questionnaire (APFQ) on a Hungarian population. Methods: The validation was performed in 294 women over 18 who agreed to answer the Hungarian version of the APFQ. The validation of the questionnaire included evaluation of content/face validity, internal consistency, construct validity, test-retest reproducibility, discriminant validity and convergent validity. Results: Acceptable and good internal consistency was observed in all four dimensions [McDonald's ω (95% confidence interval) coefficients were > 0.7 for each dimension: bladder 0.888, bowel 0.790, prolapse 0.895 and sexual function 0.738]. Test-retest analyses revealed high reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficients (bladder 0.83, bowel 0.92, prolapse 0.96 and sexual function 0.87). Prolapse symptom score correlated significantly with Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q), and bladder score correlated significantly with the results of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ UI SF) (convergent validity). Scores distinguished between patients with pelvic floor disorders and controls (high discriminant validity). Conclusions: Hungarian version of the self-administered APFQ is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating symptom severity and impact of pelvic floor dysfunction on the quality of life of Hungarian women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of depression among Koreans living in urban and rural areas, stratified by socioeconomic status. The study included 216,765 participants from the 2017 Korean Community Health Survey. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the PHQ-9, with a score of 10 or higher indicating depressive symptoms. Residences with the words Eup and Myeon in their addresses were categorized as rural areas, and residences with Dong in their addresses as urban areas. Socioeconomic status was evaluated by household income and education level. A Poisson regression analysis with sampling weights was conducted and adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity. The adjusted prevalence rate of depressive symptoms was 3.33% (95% CI, 3.21-3.45) in urban areas and 2.59% (95% CI, 2.43-2.74) in rural areas. The prevalence of depressive symptoms in urban areas was 1.29 times (95% CI, 1.20-1.38) higher than in rural areas. The prevalence rate ratio for depressive symptoms in urban areas compared to rural areas sorted by monthly incomes was 1.39 (95% CI, 1.28-1.51) for less than 2 million won, 1.22 (95% CI, 1.06-1.41) for 2 to 3.99 million won, and 1.09 (95% CI, 0.90-1.32) for more than 4 million won, and the urban-rural difference was more evident in lower household income subjects (p for interaction=0.033). However, urban-rural differences did not differ according to sex, age, or education level. In conclusion, we found urban-rural differences in depressive symptoms in a representative sample of Koreans, and revealed that these differences may vary according to income level. These results suggest that mental health policy must consider the health disparities according to residence and income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One year after persistent peripheral facial paresis (PFP), prescriptions of conventional rehabilitation are often downgraded into maintenance rehabilitation or discontinued, the patient entering what is seen as a chronic stage. This therapeutic choice is not consistent with current knowledge about behavior-induced plasticity, which is available all life long and may allow intense sensorimotor rehabilitation to remain effective. This prospective, randomized, multicenter single-blind study in subjects with chronic unilateral PFP evaluates changes in facial motor function with a Guided Self-rehabilitation Contract (GSC) vs. conventional therapy alone, carried out for six months. Methods: Eighty-two adult subjects with chronic unilateral PFP (> 1 year since facial nerve injury) will be included in four tertiary, maxillofacial surgery (2), otolaryngology (1) and rehabilitation (1) centers to be randomized into two rehabilitation groups. In the experimental group, the PM&R specialist will implement the GSC method, which for PFP involves intensive series of motor strengthening performed daily on three facial key muscle groups, i.e. Frontalis, Orbicularis oculi and Zygomatici. The GSC strategy involves: i) prescription of a daily self-rehabilitation program, ii) teaching of the techniques involved in the program, iii) encouragement and guidance of the patient over time, in particular by requesting a quantified diary of the work achieved to be returned by the patient at each visit. In the control group, participants will benefit from community-based conventional therapy only, according to their physician's prescription. The primary outcome measure is the composite score of Sunnybrook Facial Grading System. Secondary outcome measures include clinical and biomechanical facial motor function quantifications (Créteil Scale and 3D facial motion analysis through the Cara system), quality of life (Facial Clinimetric Evaluation and Short-Form 12), aesthetic considerations (FACE-Q scale) and mood representations (Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale). Participants will be evaluated every three months by a blinded investigator, in addition to four phone calls (D30/D60/D120/D150) to monitor compliance and tolerance to treatment. Discussion: This study will increase the level of knowledge on the effects of intense facial motor streng- Facial paralysisthening prescribed through a GSC in patients with chronic peripheral facial paresis. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04074018. Registered 29 August 2019. Protocol version: Version N°4.0—04/02/2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends adolescent depression screening and subsequent follow-up for those scoring at-risk. The current study assessed the outcomes of a Quality Improvement (QI) project that implemented these guidelines during annual well-child visits in a network of pediatric practices. This project used a two-stage screening process. First, adolescents were screened with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC-17). Second, adolescents who screened at-risk on the PSC-17 were asked to complete the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). QI-participating providers received training on how to categorize the severity of their patient's depression based on PHQ-9 cut-off scores and clinical interview, and to implement and document appropriate options for follow-up. Patients in the QI group were significantly more likely to be screened with both the PSC-17 (93.8% vs. 89.1%, p <.001) and the PHQ-9 (54.8% vs. 16.4%, p <.001) compared to those in the non-QI group. Of the 80 adolescents in the QI group at-risk on the PSC-17 and with a completed PHQ-9, 65 (81.3%) received at least one type of referral for mental health, ranging from behavioral health services to lifestyle interventions. Findings support the feasibility of adolescent depression screening and referrals within pediatric primary care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of SMAD Revista Electronica Salud Mental, Alcohol y Drogas is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirao Preto and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The state of depression that can lead to substance and drug abuse, as well as an increased risk of suicide. Without a doubt, the link between musculoskeletal pain and depression compromises a person's health and drastically lowers their quality of life, resulting in increased incapacity. Depression and musculoskeletal discomfort are two well-known risk factors for long-term sickness absence, which is defined as a period of sickness lasting more than a week, which means chronic musculoskeletal pains, particularly multiple pains, are linked to depression. And early diagnosis and care of depression in musculoskeletal disorder are critical to patients' physical, functional, and occupational results. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of depression and associated risk factors among patients with musculoskeletal disorder. Method: Multi-institution cross-sectional study conducted in Amhara region Comprehensive specialized Hospitals from April 1st to May 30th, 2021. The data was collected from 217 participants through interview administrative questioner and patient medical record review. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated risk factors of depression. The strength of the association was detected by the adjusted odds ratio. Result: A total of 217 participate in this study with the age range of 18–80 years. Among the study participants, 57.1% (n = 124) (AOR: 95% CI: 50.7–63.6) were had depression. Treatment duration, and social support were significantly association with depression among patient with musculoskeletal disorder with P < 0.05. Conclusion: The magnitude of depression was relatively high among musculoskeletal disorder patients treated in physiotherapy out-patient department. The length of treatment duration (hospital stay) and the status of social support from families and friends were significantly associated with depression among patients with musculoskeletal disorders. A multidisciplinary strategy is required for diagnosing and treating depression in patients with musculoskeletal disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression, due to its devastating consequences, emerged as the third leading cause of mortality among adolescent school-going children. This necessitates research on determinants of depression among students for effective management. The present study evaluated the various determinants associated with depression among the science students of a private school in Rajkot city, India. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among the 1219 students of a private school of science stream in Rajkot city, adopting multistage sampling methods. Students were screened using Patient Health questionnaire-9 (modified for teens) for depression. A pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess the determinants associated with depression. Binary logistic regression analysis was done to find out predictors of depression. Results: About 31.99% of students were found suffering from depression. Physical illness, academic performance, substance abuse, feeling study tough, difficulties in transport, food, monetary and accommodation at a hostel or home, pressure from parents for study, physical activities, sleep disturbance, and bad relations with teachers and classmates were significantly associated with depression. While parental education, physical illness, addiction to any substance, and academic performance emerged only as a predictor of depression. Conclusion: The present study showed a significant proportion of students suffering from depressive symptoms and revealed predictors of depression among the students. These required integrated efforts to minimize the risk of depression among the students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify the best internal structure of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia in chronic low back pain patients. Design: Questionnaire validation study was designed for this study. Setting: This study was conducted in physical therapy facility. Subjects: Respondents reporting chronic low back pain (≥3 points on the 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale). Main measures: We included participants of both sexes, with a self-report of low back pain ≥3 months and with pain intensity ≥3 on the 11-point Numerical Pain Rating Scale; participants also answered the Roland–Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Pain-Related Catastrophizing Thoughts Scale for low back pain disability and catastrophizing, respectively. The dimensionality and number of items of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia were evaluated using the confirmatory factor analysis. Criterion validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient using the original version of the 17-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia as the gold standard. Results: A total of 122 participants were included, with mean values of low back pain duration ≥48 months, pain intensity >5 and disability >8. Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia structure with two domains and nine items was the most suitable, with adequate values in all fit indices (Chi-square/degree of freedom <3, Comparative Fit Index and Tucker–Lewis Index >0.90, and root mean square error of approximation <0.08) and lower Akaike information criterion and Bayesian information criterion values. We observed a high correlation between the 17-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and the activity avoidance domain (rho = 0.850, P < 0.001) and somatic focus domain (rho = 0.792, P < 0.001) of the nine-item Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia. Conclusion: Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia structure with two domains (activity avoidance and somatic focus) and nine items is the most suitable for patients with chronic low back pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is particularly common among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), with some studies showing a prevalence of depression three times higher among people living with HIV as compared to the general public. The stress associated with being diagnosed with HIV can be quite impactful, including concerns about one's long-term health, stigma, and the burden of long-term treatment. Therefore, it is common for a new HIV diagnosis to contribute to the onset of depressive symptoms. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of depression, and its associated factors in people diagnosed with HIV within the past 12 months. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey with patients newly diagnosed with HIV at three hospitals in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania utilizing a locally validated version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a screener for depression, the Demographic Health Survey (SES-DHS8) for socio-demographic characteristics, and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (FSSQ) to assess perceived social support. We enrolled 272 participants between September and December 2020, diagnosed with HIV within the past 12 months. Analysis of Co-variance (ANCOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc analysis were used to determine associations of sociodemographic variables with the dependent variable of depression. Results: Overall prevalence of depression in our sample was 41%, including 54 participants (20%) with moderate symptoms, 42 (15%) with moderately severe symptoms, and 16 (6%) with severe symptoms. Severity was highest in participants diagnosed with HIV less than 1 month ago. An ANCOVA model (overall F = 4.72, p < 0.001) assessing factors associated with greater depression severity revealed significant effects of study site (F = 7.6, p < 0.001), female gender (F = 5.11, p = 0.02), and less time since HIV diagnosis (F = 12.3, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study demonstrates very high prevalence of depression among people living with HIV in this setting, particularly among those newly diagnosed, female participants, and those seen at the larger regional referral hospital. Integration of mental health screening and interventions into CTC care is vital in the first visits following a positive test result and may be tailored to meet the needs of patients at highest risk for developing symptoms of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a common and disabling disorder in later life, particularly among people with poor physical health. There are many screening tools available that can be used to examine depressive symptoms; however, not all of them may be appropriate or accurate for older adults with cancer. This pilot study was designed to test the diagnostic performance of two screening tools and their short versions in a cohort of vulnerable (G8 score ≤ 14/17) older patients with cancer undergoing comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA). The prospective analysis covered 50 vulnerable patients with cancer aged ≥70 years. The diagnostic performance of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)-15, GDS-4, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 and PHQ-2 was compared to the 'gold standard' Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders (SCID-5-S) depression module A. The sensitivity and specificity in detecting depressive symptoms were the highest in the case of PHQ-2, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 92.7%. The AUROC for the 9-item version, PHQ-9, was 90.2%. For the GDS-15 and GDS-4, the AUROC was only 56.2% and 62.0%, respectively. The SCREEN pilot study illustrates the potential benefit of using a shorter screening tool, PHQ-2, to identify older patients with cancer who would benefit from a more in-depth emotional evaluation as part of a CGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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