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Organizational resilience refers to the ability of organizations to sustain and recover from adversity. The Covid-19 pandemic was an unexpected event of enormous magnitude that affected the stability and continuity of many organizations around the world. The tourism sector was among the hardest hit by the Covid-19 pandemic. In this sense and facing the Covid-19 pandemic, the objective of this study was to explore factors associated with greater resilience by the SMEs in the tourism sector in a destination of Colombia. The information used came from conducting 60 surveys directed to various SMEs, including adventure tourism service providers, overnight stay places and restaurants. In order to identify segments of touristic SMEs according to their resilience, a cluster analysis was carried out. Two segments of SMEs were found, one with greater resilience and another with less resilience. The incorporation of technology, the development of new products and the access to new market segments as actions to cope with the crisis generated by the Covid-19 pandemic are key factors that characterize the most resilient segment of touristic SMEs. Also, the size of the company and the gender and academic level of the managers are associated with resilience of the SMEs that took part in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the relationship between social factors (social comparison orientation, loneliness, emotional support, and instrumental support) and the quadratic effects of the mindful approach and technological stress in co-creating virtual value for the tourism sector. Using a dynamic structural equation model, we analyzed data collected from a cohort of 400 tourists who actively participated in virtual tourism services between 2011 and 2022. Using this methodology, we investigate the long-term correlations between different elements and their impact on participants' participation in virtual value co-creation. Our research indicates a distinct correlation between the mindful approach and virtual value co-creation, exhibiting a positive quadratic effect that gradually decreases, implying the necessity of consistent mindfulness practices in the face of technological stress. Interestingly, we also find that technological stress has a positive quadratic role over time. As people become more adept at technology and accustomed to it, its favorable effects on virtual value co-creation diminish. In the current scenario characterized by collaborative innovation and interaction through digital platforms, they are of great importance for companies, especially in adapting to new social dynamics characterized by new technologies. Using the Mindful Approach in the digital context becomes necessary, emphasizing mainly conscious awareness to optimize the level of commitment, increasing the results of interactions. On the other hand, new technologies in value co-creative processes increase concern about technological stresses, especially in exposure to these new environments over time. In this way, achieving more excellent stability between digital interaction and reducing potential stressors becomes a critical business strategy for sustaining collaboration dynamics over time, thus ensuring individuals' well-being and maximizing the concretion processes' positive impact at both the individual and social levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End users of single‐use plastics can help minimize their contribution to plastic pollution via mindful purchasing and waste management. These behaviors can be impacted via behavior change interventions in various key sectors of society. This review set out to summarize recent (2015–2023) peer‐reviewed evidence on interventions aimed at changing the plastic consumption, recycling, and/or littering behaviors of individuals across four sectors: business and retail, tourism and leisure, schools and education, and communities. Systematic literature searches were conducted across multiple databases and resulted in the inclusion of 92 intervention studies. Information on intervention strategy and effectiveness was extracted, and the studies were assessed for risk of bias. Intervention descriptions and outcomes were coded into five intervention categories (informational, contextual, prompts, social, and personal strategies) and synthesized qualitatively to inform future practice in an accessible manner. Although nearly half of the reviewed studies were assessed as having moderate‐to‐high risk of bias (e.g., lacked reliability assessment of outcome measures), limiting confidence in the documented findings, the review concludes that different strategies work in different sectors. For example, informational strategies showed mostly promising results in most sectors, but had mixed effectiveness in the education sector, while contextual modifications were effective across sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Empresariales Segunda Época is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary goal of this research is to determine the impact of the efficiency of the tourism sector in the European Union (EU). The analysis involved 25 selected EU countries using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the Tobit regression modelling. For DEA expenses according to the stays per visit (1 night or over) when going to a foreign country, individuals actively working in the tourism industry and tangible heritage inscribed on the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) are used as inputs and inbound tourism as an output. Variables for the Tobit model were as follows: cultural activities, Happiness index and tourist expenditure of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In nations characterised by lower efficiency levels, policymakers ought to enhance their strategies and encourage the advancement of their country's appeal to tourists. Additionally, there should be an increased emphasis on enhancing the well-being and happiness of the local population. Theoretical research on the efficiency of the tourism sector in the EU lacks comprehensive studies that systematically examine the factors influencing efficiency across diverse EU member states. Although some research exists on specific aspects of tourism efficiency, such as environmental sustainability or economic impacts, there is a scarcity of holistic investigations that encompass various dimensions of efficiency, including resource utilization, infrastructure development, policy effectiveness, and socio-cultural impacts, within the EU's overarching context. Moreover, there is a limited exploration of potential variations in tourism efficiency among different EU regions and the underlying factors driving these differences. Bridging this research gap could offer valuable insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and academics seeking to enhance the overall efficiency and sustainability of the tourism sector in the EU. The study's constraint lies in the exclusion of Denmark and Luxembourg, which is attributed to insufficient statistical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although studies that analyze eco-innovation without differentiating among industries are proliferating, research has not yet identified the factors that lead to eco-innovation in tourism sector firms. Since innovation in general is nourished by access to knowledge sources and the intensity with which they are used, this study analyzes the effect of intensive use of knowledge sources on eco-innovation in the tourism sector. It also analyzes the possible mediating role of traditional orientation of the firm in product innovation and/or process innovation. We use two data sources: panel data from Spain’s National Statistics Institute on 199 tourism firms for 2011-2015 and primary data gathered from a set of 198 tourism firms collected separately via questionnaire in 2021 during the Covid-19 pandemic. The second dataset, which was collected independently of the first, aims to corroborate the results of the first in a different economic context and different firms. Our results indicate a significant distinction between product/service and process innovation. The findings show that that tourism firms rely on process innovation to implement eco-innovation, whereas product innovation has no influence in these firms in any of the years analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the travel???tourism stock markets. Specifically, it considers the five most visited countries: France, Spain, the US, China, and Italy. Unlike previous studies, it estimates time-varying VAR (TVP-VAR) models, including daily observations of confirmed COVID-19 cases, economic activity, CDS spreads, and the returns of travel???tourism sectors. In brief, our findings indicate that the effects of COVID-19 vary across countries, as well as over time. Specifically, increasing numbers of cases initially had a negative and significant impact on the travel???tourism stock returns of all countries. However, this effect had become insignificant by early April 2020. The travel???tourism markets of the European countries were seen to be more heavily affected by COVID-19 when compared to China and the US, with China seeming to have been the least affected country of all. Overall, our results are essential in understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the travel???tourism stock markets, and are of particular importance to policymakers, portfolio managers, and investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research article is to analyze the various dimensions which impact the destination food image in the state of Odisha, India. The framework of the study espoused five independent variables – attitude, social media, local food experience, food culture and advertisement and the dependent variable – destination food image, which studied the associations between them. A sample of 270 respondents were obtained via convenient sampling method. The study applied descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis to run the data by using SPSS 23.0 and to examine the relationships between the constructs. It was found that all the dimensions had a positive and significant impact on destination food image. Practical implications in food tourism, destination image & food image are discussed. Recognising the value of regional delicacies and their market would help the hospitality and tourism sector. The study's conclusions are thought to be helpful to marketers who see that travellers are becoming pickier and more demanding in their quest for distinctive experiences provided by travel locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has affected the tourism sector by closing borders, reducing both the transportation of tourists and tourist demand. Due to the country-wide lockdown, most activities in the hotel, motel, restaurant, and transportation sectors have been postponed. Consequently, the article investigates four research issues by examining the consequences of global tourism in the private sector before and after COVID-19. As an analytical method, the article suggested qualitative research methodologies to collect information from tourism employees. The opinions of the respondents were gathered through online emails in the questionnaire survey. Further, the article considers people's future desire for specific tourism destinations based on visitor arrivals. Forecasting tourist demand is an essential component of good and efficient tourism management. Consequently, the article proposes an attention-based long short-term memory model for exact demand forecasting. The experimental findings reveal that the model's minimal prediction error accuracy is 0.45%, which indicates that it has a more robust prediction effect, a faster convergence rate, and a greater prediction accuracy. Seasonality has emerged as one of the most distinguishing and defining characteristics of the global tourist business. Accordingly, the article mandated to compare the seasonal and non-seasonal effects of the tourist sector throughout the years 2020–2021. Moreover, Governments must analyse the crises' long-term consequences and, as a result, define the components that constitute government advantages supplied to the tourist sector during the pandemic era. As a result, many governmental policies, especially those about social welfare, may perceive a fresh start during the post-pandemic period, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences is the property of Muthanna Journal of Administrative & Economics Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Al-Adab / Al-ādāb is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aims to determine the New Orientation Strategy into Domestic Market for Bali Tourism Destination after the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research conducted a study of secondary data and facts regarding the situation of Bali tourism destinations. The data is presented through a descriptive qualitative analysis based on the 4A factors (Attraction, Accessibility, Amenities, Ancillary), and also explains the motivation of domestic tourists traveling to Bali. The strategy offered is that promotion outside these areas needs to be increased. The strategy offered is to maintain or improve the quality of service, security, and arrangement of holiday or recreation places. Promotion through electronic media needs to be increased, and tourist satisfaction must be maintained and continued in both quality and quantity. The development of tourism from a cultural and environmental perspective is still very relevant as a reference for tourism development in Bali. The future development of Bali tourism should be more directed at efforts to conserve and organize the coastal/sea, mountains, lakes, and rice fields. The development of cultural tourism attractions is more oriented towards the revitalization of these types of cultural tourism attractions. The strategy offered is improving service quality, and security and structuring shopping centers that provide local products. The strategy offered is to increase the competitiveness of tourist attractions in other areas of Bali. The strategy offered is improving the quality of restaurant businesses, diversifying souvenirs, and empowering craftsmen groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is an integral part of the project "Research on the use of digital products in the Georgian tourism sector" which won the internal grant projects competition of Grigol Robakidze University. The use of digital products plays an important role in the tourism industry and is a big challenge for a country like Georgia. The need for transformation is particularly important in the field of tourism, where most processes are automated and tailored to the needs and requirements of the customer and/or service provider. The given article aims to overview the digital products that are used by the tourist agencies and hotels in Adjara region of Georgia, to identify international technologies that are spread among the Adjarian hospitality stakeholders and whether Georgian digital products are used or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Economics, Business, Politics, & International Relations (JEBPIR) / Ekonomi Işletme Siyaset ve Uluslararsi Ilişkiler Dergisi (JEBPIR) is the property of Ekonomi Isletme Siyaset ve Uluslararsi Iliskiler Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article thoroughly examines the primary technologies for effectively implementing innovative activities in enterprises and regions directly or indirectly involved in the development of tourism and hospitality. Future innovators will benefit from further exploring the topics provided in the proposed material. Innovations in social-cultural services and tourism, based on the analysis of domestic and international research, as well as the peculiarities of using VR and AR technologies, are elucidated. The features of innovative processes and their evolutionary changes in relevant fields are highlighted. The functions and management of innovation activity in the tourism and hospitality sector, the principles of sustainable tourism development, and methods for evaluating innovation effectiveness are investigated. Additionally, the impact of scientific and technological progress in related industries on innovations in the tourism sector is analyzed. The materials provided comprehensively illuminate the theoretical foundations and practical tools for the functioning of the tourism industry, taking into account national and global experiences. Due to the significant importance of information technology application in tourism and hospitality sectors and the lack of studies reviewing recent events in this field, this work aims to analyze the use of IT technologies published in leading tourism and hospitality journals. It analyzes current trends in the implementation of these innovative technologies in the hotel industry and tourism business. The main advantages and challenges faced by enterprises when applying virtual and augmented reality are highlighted. Special attention is given to the impact of these technologies on enhancing customer experience, improving marketing strategies, and optimizing operational processes. The research results demonstrate that the use of virtual and augmented reality opens new opportunities for the development and competitiveness of enterprises in the service sector. This analysis will be beneficial for researchers to better understand the latest trends in IT application in tourism and hospitality from various perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bangladesh has been experiencing the tourism industry as one of the most potential sectors proving a great contribution to the economy in recent years. However, at the beginning of 2020, this sector has transformed reversely by the consequences of the outbreak of COVID-19. Continuous restrictions on movement in domestic and international borders make the tourism sector employees jobless and generate fewer turnovers. This research attempts to quantify the adverse effect of COVID-19 on the tourism sector as well as the country's economy, spheres of tourism and business and suggests some short-term and long-term approaches to recover the situation. The study draws a contrast between past and present year trends, from where we may get vigorous and prevailing information about the pandemic significance and may contribute to initiating and implementing some suitable tactics for retrieval from the state in further heightening the tourism industry. This study may aid in the better understanding and identification of the demands of the general public in terms of tourism by the relevant authorities in the tourist sector. This will also assist in developing the potential of domestic tourism and preparing the tourism sites in Bangladesh for the post-pandemic phase by implementing appropriate measures in the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Tourism & Information Technology Research Journal / Selçuk Turizm ve Bilişim Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Tourism & Information Technology Research Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The civic participatory system is a means of involving citizens in decisionmaking processes and monitoring public policies, aimed at increasing the transparency, accountability and efficiency of public administration. The civic participatory system implies the existence of formal and informal mechanisms for consultation, dialogue, collaboration and cocreation between public authorities and civil society in order to identify, formulate, implement and evaluate solutions to problems of public interest. In the field of culture and tourism, the civic participatory system plays an important role in promoting the enhancement of cultural heritage, cultural diversity, access to culture and sustainable tourism development. This article aims to analyse the civic participatory system in order to outline a current situation at national and regional level for the development and valorisation of cultural heritage through tourism in the Danube region, which is characterised by great ethnic, linguistic and religious diversity. Method: This paper will use the systematic literature review method to investigate multicultural communities in the Danube area and how to improve institutional capacities, social inclusion and sustainable urban development. Results: Considering the decreasing capacities of public administrators to integrate the participatory approach into decision-making processes, this article will report on the conceptual delimitations of the civic participatory system related to the tourism and culture sector in multicultural communities in the Danube region and identify the relevant actors corresponding to this process. Originality: The article makes a significant contribution to the knowledge of the current situation of the civic participatory system in the Danube region and to the formulation of concrete proposals for its improvement. The theme is relevant and current, given the importance of cultural heritage and tourism for the sustainable development of the Danube region, as well as the need to involve citizens in decision-making processes and to promote intercultural dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Motivation is a complex and dynamic factor that contributes to business success. Many factors influence the motivation of employees. The paper examines the influence of leadership on the motivation of employees in the tourism sector. The empirical research was conducted in September 2023. using an e-questionnaire on a sample of 270 employees in the tourism sector of the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained from empiricalstatistical research were processed using mathematical-statistical methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis and ANOVA test. The research results indicate that the correlation between leadership and motivation is strong and positive (0.7998). Also, the results show that the coefficient of determination is 0.6396, which means that with 63.96% the dependent variable motivation (Q) can be explained by the independent variable leadership (P). The work is important from the aspect of providing guidelines to policy makers, owners and management of organizations in the tourism sector in order to increase the level of motivation among employees, which implies better performance and achieving business success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this contribution is to provide some answers to the following issue: how to explain the intention to adopt blockchain technology in the tourist accommodation sector? This study focusses on the applications of this technology for the following uses: loyalty programs, online booking, reliability and traceability of customer testimonials on review sites. Blockchain also helps to secure metaverse data, an innovative and immersive technology in a virtual universe, which is gaining ground in the tourism sector. This paper mobilizes the Technology Acceptance Model theory to explain the adoption of new technologies. This model is based on three closely related concepts: perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use influence the attitude toward using the technology. By following the literature, trust in technology and promotional efforts of change agents, two other determinants that can have a positive impact on the adoption of blockchain applications, have also been introduced to extend the theory. A quantitative survey is conducted to obtain the data. Thus, a questionnaire is administered to a hundred respondents, graduated in tourism management and future professionals in this sector of activity. The fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis is implemented to consider the complexity of the phenomenon studied by identifying paths composed of several conditions. The objective is to explain the intention to use blockchain applications by future managers of tourist accommodation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose is a theoretical and methodological substantiation of the formation of a financial mechanism of public-private partnership in the field of tourism in the context of ensuring sustainable development of the country's economy under war conditions. The research question posed within the framework of the article is what type of modern financial mechanism of public-private partnership in the field of tourism should look like in order to meet the requirements for ensuring sustainable development of the economy in a state of war. The object of the study is a public-private partnership in the field of tourism. The subject of the study is the theoretical, methodological, and scientific provisions for the formation of the financial mechanism for the process of public-private partnership in the field of tourism. The research methodology includes a scientific approach, including the use of a number of methods that allow achieving the set goal: the goal tree method, abstract-logical, graphical, analysis and synthesis, non-parametric statistical, and mathematical modelling methods. The state of public-private partnership in the field of tourism under martial law is substantiated. The main result of the study is the construction of a financial mechanism for public-private partnership in the field of tourism, which, unlike those existing in the scientific community, is characterized by taking into account the military situation in the country and a methodological approach to the formation of its main components: an algorithm for conducting financial planning, a methodology for assessing financial and credit risks, theoretical and scientific approach to assessing the effectiveness of financial instruments, a model for the implementation of financial control, characteristics of the institutional and legal framework for ensuring public-private partnerships in the field of tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Service Industries Journal is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Public Economy & Public Financial Management (JPEPFM) is the property of Journal of Public Economy & Public Financial Management (JPEPFM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos, Revista de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The tourism industry is a dynamic sector for the economies of Mediterranean countries. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between tourism revenues, employment rates and economic growth of two selected Mediterranean countries in the 1997-2020 period. In this study, panel data analysis method was used. In the analysis of panel data regression models, it was seen that the random effects model was appropriate. The model was estimated with Driscoll/Kraay resistant standard estimators developed against deviations from the assumptions. The results show that there i s a positive relationship between tourism revenues, employment rates and economic growth in the two Mediterranean countries. Accordingly, an 1% increase in tourism revenues increases economic growth by 0.54%, while a 1% increase in employment rates increases economic growth approximately 1.5 times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the link between COVID-19 economic policy response, the tourism industry, and digitalization by income levels. It also examines the moderating influence of income levels and digitalization on the underlying link between COVID-19 economic policy response and digitalization while controlling for the tourism sector. The results show that developing countries devoted fewer resources towards curbing the negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak compared to developed countries. High-level of digital access in some developing countries, however, enabled them to introduce lower economic stimulus packages to lessen the impact of the outbreak on the tourism industry. The results also indicate that economies with a larger tourism sector accompanied by higher levels of digitalization devoted fewer public funds to COVID-19 economic stimulus packages. The influence of digitalization on the underlying link is, however, income level dependent. For example, developing economies that are more digitized, accompanied by having a larger tourism sector, allocated more public funds to economic stimulus packages relative to developed economies. This suggests that the pressure to introduce massive stimulus packages is lower when tourism providers are better prepared to use more digital tools during a pandemic, especially in developed economies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the tourism sector in Europe, particularly on tourist spending on transport, accommodation, and restaurants. The data used in the study were sourced from Eurostat statistics for the years 2019 and 2021. As part of the research method, a cartodiagram was used to present the percentage changes in tourist spending in selected European countries. Additionally, an analysis of the percentage change in spending on transport, restaurants, and accommodation in 2021 compared to 2019 was conducted using the ggplot2 package implemented in the R programming language. The study results indicate a varied situation regarding declines in tourist spending in 2021 compared to 2019, with smaller decreases noted in Central European countries, suggesting greater resilience to the pandemic crisis. Despite the declines, Germany and France maintained the highest spending values in 2021, underscoring their key role in the European tourism market. Conclusions from the study suggest that tourism-related spending has a huge impact on the economy. A more thorough understanding of how tourists spend money during their travels, including during a pandemic, can help better tailor tourism offers to their needs. By implementing the recommendations in the article, countries can better prepare for future challenges, build more resilient tourism industries, and ensure sustainable growth in the postpandemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bouhouth is the property of London Research & Consulting Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper investigates the impact of national-level economic and political uncertainties on the quantity of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) sustainability disclosures by the tourism sector firms. The findings indicate that with the increase in economic and political uncertainties, tourism firms make more of the sustainability disclosures mainly to build good relationships with various stakeholders and to spread good word of mouth about the firm's contribution to social welfare and environmental conservatism. The findings show the role of sustainability disclosures in moderating the impact of economic uncertainty on firm value during the COVID-19 period and global financial crisis period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research (JoHUT) is the property of Journal of Humanities & Tourism Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Risk management is a complex process that requires company managers to have very good knowledge of its organizational structure on the one hand and on the other hand, in order to achieve a good management, it is necessary for the respective manager to have sufficient long-term experience during which the manager has monitored the processes of company management and its susceptibility and change under the influence of various factors. The overall risk management process goes through three main stages: identification of risks, analysis and assessment of risks and risk monitoring. Each stage is a compilation of complex procedures through which the problems and risks for the respective enterprise are determined and overcome. For this reason, the strictness, importance and significance of each stage cannot be accurately determined. Due to the limited scope of the article, the research is focused only on one of the main problems in risk management, namely the study of the standard deviation of the risk in the process of assessing and analyzing the risks in tourism sector enterprises. The article has the following structure: Introduction, References review, Methodology, Results and Discussion. Two hypotheses are presented for testing and research. Proving these two hypotheses through the application of the mathematical toolkit for risk assessment gives the innovativeness of the article and its authorial identity, which distinguishes it from other publications in the field of tourism sector. The obtained results of this article can serve the managers of tourism companies to improve their work in the management of hotels. The process of identifying, testing, evaluating and analyzing risks is complex, requiring managers to have sound knowledge of finance, accounting, economics and management. This article can provide them with guidance for solving specific problems and making managerial decisions about risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to identify and assess factors that build the resilience capacity of spa enterprises within the tourism sector in Poland in the wake of the economic crisis from managers' perspective. Research Design & Methods: Research method characteristic for quantitative research was used. Survey data were collected from 500 tourism enterprise managers (including 80 from the spa sector) in Poland, using a selfadministered questionnaire. A two-proportion Z-test was used to verify whether there were any significant differences in the percentage of selected response variants between the tourism sector and spa enterprises. Findings: The methods used made it possible to assess financial, social, and human capital in spa enterprises as compared to the tourism sector. The results revealed that (1) the coronavirus pandemic had a more devastating impact on the financial standing of spa enterprises than on the financial situation in the tourism sector, (2) spa enterprises are more willing to use resilience actions on the regional and governmental levels than the tourism sector, and (3) spa enterprises and the tourism sector have a demand for digital competencies under their short-term and long-term recovery strategies. Implications & Recommendations: The findings help to provide recommendations for spa and tourism enterprises for adapting their financial, social, and human policy to foster their resilience capacity and help them recover. Contribution & Value Added: Regarding the empirical part, the results of this study contribute to the scholarly understanding of the resilience capacity of spa and tourism enterprises and the way spa and tourism enterprises assess resilience factors in response to the economic crisis. The present study will help managers of spa and tourism enterprises recognise resilience as a crisis management tool or strategy for business stability and adaptability to economically uncertain environment and new circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The search for happiness, understood as an inner and personal attitude that goes beyond mere satisfaction, is one of the aims of tourists' co-creation of value. To date, few studies have analysed the importance of people's moral principles in the co-creation of tourist value. Moral emotions play an essential role in this process. In this study, 12 tourism managers within administration, 28 hotel managers and 24 travel agencies actively participated in defining the indicators selected to measure how the co-creation of value from five Spanish towns affected customers' happiness. Moreover, 444 tourists participated in the study. The PLS-SEM technique was used to examine the data obtained. Results show that the co-creation of value contributes to the happiness of the tourist. Of particular significance is the influence of customers' co-creation of value on customer happiness. Additionally, the predictive capacity of the model is replicable to other tourist destinations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to estimate regional economic impact of tourism in Croatia. Rich cultural heritage and natural resources are factors which have contributed to the rapid increase in tourist arrivals in Adriatic Croatia, especially after the removal of all barriers to free movement following Croatia's admittance to the European Union. While tourism is one of the key sectors which has contributed to Adriatic Croatia's growth and development, a high share of tourism in gross value added and employment has increased the region's vulnerability to external shocks, such as the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The estimation of tourism's role in Croatia's regions is based on the regional input–output model, which identifies total effects of tourist demand. Results of the study reveal structural differences in Croatia's regional growth path. While Continental Croatia specialises in more sophisticated industrial sectors, the economy of the Adriatic region is strongly dependent on tourism. The decrease in tourist arrivals due to COVID-19 travel restrictions resulted in a significant decline in economic activity in Adriatic Croatia. Economic activity in the hospitality sector was most affected by decreased demand, but other sectors which deliver inputs required for tourism services were also significantly impacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a highly competitive business scenario, it is crucial for any industry to ensure its significance in terms of its business sustainability to gain a considerable competitive advantage. While the business sustainability of other industries has been extensively explored, there is a significant gap in determining the sustainability of the tourism industry. The importance of ensuring the sustainability of the tourism industry is observed in a healthy balance between the ecological, cultural, infrastructural, and other human factors of tourism. This paper presents an extensive review of the previous studies exploring the different dimensions of sustainability of the tourism industry. This paper also reviews the various initiatives undertaken by the Sarawak tourism board in establishing the sustainability of the tourism industry. Further, this paper presents the research gap persisting in this domain and highlights the need for a deeper exploration of tourism sustainability in Sarawak. Finally, it presents a comprehensive conclusion of the observations derived from the previous studies and highlights the significance of sustainability of the tourism industry and the role of tourism boards in ensuring the same. The researcher has conducted secondary research on various databases, including Emerald Insight, and Google Scholar. The findings of the study revealed that the tourism board's involvement in creating a favorable destination image for travelers by emphasizing specific tourism attributes like the natural environment, the friendliness of the local communities, safety, hygiene, and etc. as part of their sustainable tourism policy has also positively impacted the sustainability of the tourism industry in Sarawak. In order to encourage sustainable tourism practices and responsible tourist conduct, the tourism board's involvement in ensuring the conservation of these protected regions is vital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Desarrollo Gerencial is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar (USB) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Journal of Management Studies is the property of Czestochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Management and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among major international research and practice issues, the issue of the circular economy has emerged recently as "an alternative economic paradigm" to address the current needs of the present and to search for innovative solutions for the future. The objective of this paper is to explore the initiatives and practices of the circular economy that could be actuated by tourism firms with the aim of understanding the value that could be created and its contribution to sustainable development based on decarbonization, energy efficiency, and the use of renewable sources. To achieve this objective, an in-depth, qualitative case study of a tourism resort is presented and analyzed to identify the key CE practices activated, with the aim of creating greater value and contributing to sustainable production and consumption. The results show that the main CE practices implemented focus primarily on enhancing resource efficiency, reducing emissions, and minimizing environmental impacts. This research also emphasizes the benefits that the CE provides in terms of economic, environmental, and social efficiency. The study enriches the relevance of CE and the sustainability approach for the tourism sector by highlighting the main value opportunities that tourism firms could grasp from the application of CE. Also, the paper contributes to providing practical suggestions regarding possible initiatives and practices that tourism managers could adopt for deploying CE practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Risk management is a complex process that requires company managers to have very good knowledge of its organizational structure on the one hand and on the other hand, in order to achieve a good management, it is necessary for the respective manager to have sufficient longterm experience during which the manager has monitored the processes of company management and its susceptibility and change under the influence of various factors. The overall risk management process goes through three main stages: identification of risks, analysis and assessment of risks and risk monitoring. Each stage is a compilation of complex procedures through which the problems and risks for the respective enterprise are determined and overcome. For this reason, the strictness, importance and significance of each stage cannot be accurately determined. Due to the limited scope of the article, the research is focused only on one of the main problems in risk management, namely the study of the standard deviation of the risk in the process of assessing and analyzing the risks in tourism sector enterprises. The article has the following structure: Introduction, References review, Methodology, Results and Discussion. Two hypotheses are presented for testing and research. Proving these two hypotheses through the application of the mathematical toolkit for risk assessment gives the innovativeness of the article and its authorial identity, which distinguishes it from other publications in the field of tourism sector. The obtained results of this article can serve the managers of tourism companies to improve their work in the management of hotels. The process of identifying, testing, evaluating and analyzing risks is complex, requiring managers to have sound knowledge of finance, accounting, economics and management. This article can provide them with guidance for solving specific problems and making managerial decisions about risk management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study lies in the investigation of the national legislation of the Central Asian countries governing the implementation of travel company activities in these countries, as well as the features, establishment, development, and problems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the legislative framework, as well as to investigate the level of the regulatory framework for governing the tourism sector and ensuring the rights of people who use tourist services as exemplified by particular Central Asian countries. Dialectical, formalization, legal recognition, formal legal, hermeneutic, logical legal, systemic, structural-functional, axiomatic, and inductive methods were among those used for this investigation. The definitions of "travel company activities" and "travel services," as well as the features of the Central Asian tourism industry, the creation and evaluation of laws controlling the tourism industry, and the laws of certain Central Asian nations controlling the industry are the outcomes of this study. The provisions consolidated in this paper are of practical value primarily for authorized persons whose activities are directly aimed at regulating and ensuring the implementation of all subjects and participants of travel company activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, corporations constantly innovate to stay ahead of the competition in the contemporary business environment. Thus, enterprises invest in high-performance work systems (HPWS) that foster employee growth and improve their abilities, in turn, to accomplish digital innovation in the circular economy. The primary objective of this study is to better understand how high-performance work systems (HPWS) and digital innovation interact, while also examining the potential mediating roles of e-learning and the moderating effects of a supportive organisational culture between them. For data collection, a questionnaire and quantitative method was used, and the survey included a sample of 575 workers from the tourism sector of China. According to the findings, HPWS is favourably correlated with digital innovation, and e-learning serves as a partial intermediary in this relationship. The outcomes also demonstrate that an encouraging organisational culture further strengthens the connection between HPWS and digital innovation. These findings emphasized the value of introducing HPWS and e-learning initiatives in organisations to promote digital innovation while also highlighting the necessity of a supportive culture to maximize the advantages of these projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to examine, quantify, and analyze the variations in the financial performance of companies operating in the hotel, restaurant, and tourism subsector that are listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). The analysis focuses on the years 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and 2020–2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic). Key financial ratios, including the return on assets, the current ratio, the debt-to-equity ratio, and the total asset turnover, are employed to assess the companies' performance. The study's target population comprises hotel, restaurant, and tourism businesses operating between 2019 and 2021. Sample selection employs purposive sampling based on specific criteria. Data analysis encompasses descriptive statistical analysis and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, which reveals non)normal data distributions. Consequentially, a non-parametric hypothesis test, the Wilcoxon signed the rank test, is employed to determine differences. The findings indicate significant variations in return on assets, the current ratio, the debt-to-equity ratio, and the total asset turnover between the pre-pandemic year of 2019 and the pandemic years of 2020 and 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper hopes to examine the effect of staff empowerment on jobs that fall inside the travel and tourism industry across eighty-four nations from the years 2000 to 2021 using yearly cross-country information gathered by the World Tourism Organization (WTO). Methods:The purpose of this study is to provide an approximation of the level of employee empowerment according to the limit to which companies that are active in the economic reality provide employees with training opportunities. The analysis accounts for the effect of economic situations, the development of infrastructure, and policy frameworks by controlling for the impact of several social, economic, and institutional variables. This allows the analysis to take into account the influence held by economic circumstances, growth in infrastructure, and policies and frameworks. Results: Our research shows that there is a substantial beneficial correlation involving employee training and employment in tourism-related industries across the board in every country. The robustness of these results is demonstrated by the fact that they are not affected by a variety of tests for sensitivity and endogeneity analyses. According to the findings of our research, modifications to employee training could not have a quick or solely linear effect on employment rates in the tourism sector. It has been observed that nonlinear effects can occur, in addition to the possibility of delays in the impact that training programs have on employment. In addition, a wide variety of social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical factors all have the potential to have an impact on the link between employee training and job placement in this sector. Implications: Employee training programs in the economy appear to be important tools in enhancing employee skills and therefore empower them to seek employment in the tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The link between the business model (BM) and sustainability is recognized in tourism research and practice, especially as far as its socioeconomic consequences are concerned. Moreover, prior studies have highlighted some key factors influencing the sustainable business models (SBMs) of tourism firms but have mainly done so by adopting static perspectives. Thus, how these firms can contribute to sustainability through their BMs with positive effects, particularly on natural resources, remains overlooked. Thus, we adopt coevolutionary lenses to explore the main processes surrounding tourism firms' SBM. Coevolution conceives the firm–environment relationship as both circular, with mutual influence and reciprocal changes, and dialectical. Accordingly, we analyze 28 Italian agritourism firms during the COVID-19 pandemic emergency period focusing on the dynamics of their relationship with various multilevel actors (including institutions, local communities, tourists) by considering internal and external factors influencing their SBM. The dialectical nature of this relationship is stressed. We find three new factors: sustainable tourism culture, tourist loyalty, and local natural resource setting. Moreover, from the coevolutionary analysis of the findings, we derive a framework that conceptualizes agritourism SBMs as a virtuous coevolutionary process through effective coadaptations between multilevel actors influenced by 12 factors. Tourism entrepreneurs and policy-makers should carefully consider the factors influencing SBMs and try to act upon them to effectively organize and manage relationships of mutual functionality in light of current challenges, especially environmental concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of climate change is becoming a challenge for the survival of business organizations. These changes pressure business organizations to adopt strategies to protect the natural environment. In order to cope with these changes, business organizations concentrate on strategic decisions regarding the protection of the natural environment due to the demand of various stakeholders. Continuous and updated information on environmental issues is required to successfully formulate and implement decisions to protect the natural environment. Therefore, the environmental management system (EMS) is an important mechanism that enables business organization to collect information about the demands of various stakeholders regarding the natural environment. Most studies have examined the green innovation (GI) of the tourism sector and related the innovation of natural environmental protection activities with management's capabilities and strategic decisions. Limited studieshave considered EMSs as important to bring GI into the tourism sector. GI comprises various environmental initiatives that play a vital role in impacting the GI of the tourism sector worldwide. However, these are ignored by researchers. Therefore, we examined the effect of the EMS on GI. Moreover, we also examined the extent to which green financing of the tourism sector intervenes in the EMS and GI link. Data were collected from 322 managers in the tourism sector. The collected data were analyzed with the help of correlation and regression techniques. The study findings confirmed that the EMS positively affects GI, while green financing mediates the connection between the EMS and GI. Hence, this study offers numerous practical suggestions for improving the GI of the tourism sector in the emerging circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]