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The study investigated the psychosexual status and sexual function in adults who had hypospadias surgery at different ages. A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 130 patients who underwent hypospadias surgery between January 1988 and December 2007, and 50 healthy males who served as the control group. The patients were divided into three groups based on their age at which surgery was completed: group A ( n = 32; <10 years); group B ( n = 45; 10-18 years); and group C ( n = 53; >18 years). The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale and The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale were used to assess psychosexual status; a designed questionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 were used to assess sexual function. The incidence of anxiety and depression was significantly higher in patients than that in controls ( P < 0.001), and was correlated with the age at which surgery was completed. The length and circumference of penises in patients were shorter than those of control groups with statistically significant differences ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between patients and controls regarding libido strength, overall sexual satisfaction and erectile function ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, difference existed in certain aspects of psychosexual and penile development between patients and controls. Hypospadias surgery should be performed early. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We examined if children of mothers with epilepsy had normal intelligence, speculating that either epilepsy or its therapy might affect this parameter. Methods: In a population-based cohort study in Norway, information on maternal epilepsy reported to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway, 1967–1979 was linked to information on 18–19-year-old men's intellectual ability and anthropometric measures ascertained by the Norwegian Conscripts Service, 1984–1999. The standardized intelligence test (IQ score) was reported as single-digit standard scores with values from 1 to 9. No individual information on antiepileptic drug therapy was available. Results: Mean IQ score was lower in 1,207 conscripts whose mothers had epilepsy reported on the birth notification form, as compared with 316,554 conscripts of mothers without epilepsy; 4.8 (standard deviation 1.8) versus 5.2(1.8), p < 0.001, respectively. This difference remained after adjustment for maternal education, maternal age, birth order, marital status, year of birth, and weight and length at birth. When comparing men with and without reported maternal epilepsy, the odds ratio of having an IQ score ≤3 was 1.6 (95% confidence interval: 1.4–1.8), which was unaffected by adjustment for confounding factors. Mean height among conscripts of mothers with and without epilepsy measured 178.6 and 179.9 cm, respectively, a difference of 1.3 cm (p < 0.001). Conclusions: We observed that almost 20 years after birth, maternal epilepsy was associated with reduced IQ score and also shorter adult height in male offspring. We do not know whether these findings will persist when epilepsy is better treated with the newer and safer generation of antiepileptic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]