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Today, the growth in textile consumption is influenced by the increasing population. This leads to the generation of a large volume of textile waste, which has a negative impact on the environment. Textile waste is mainly disposed of by landfill or incineration. To reduce the amount of textile waste disposed of, it can be recovered and transformed into valuable compounds, such as ethanol (bioethanol). This article describes how pre- and post-consumer textile waste is used as a feedstock for ethanol.

The primary objective of this research was to ascertain the optimal circumstances for the successful growth of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) using tissue culture techniques. Additionally, the study aimed to explore the potential use of machine learning algorithms in this context. The present research investigated a range of in vitro parameters such as total number of roots (TNR), longest root length (LRL), average root length (ARL), number of main roots (NMR), number of siblings (NS), shoot length (SL), shoot diameter (SD), leaf width (LW), and leaf length (LL) for Aronia explants cultivated in different media (Murashige and Skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM)) with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mg L−1) of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The study showed that IBA hormone levels may affect WPM properties, affecting the LRL and ARL variables. Aronia explant media treated with 2 mg L−1 IBA had the greatest TNR, NMR, NS, SL, and SD values; 31.67 pieces, 2.37 pieces, 5.25 pieces, 66.60 mm, and 2.59 mm, in that order. However, Aronia explants treated with 1 mg L−1 IBA had the highest LW (9.10 mm) and LL (14.58 mm) values. Finally, Aronia explants containing 0.5 mg L−1 IBA had the greatest LRL (89.10 mm) and ARL (57.57 mm) values. In general, the results observed (TNR, LRL, ARL, NMR, NS, SL, SD, LW, and LL) indicate that Aronia explants exhibit superior growth and development in WPM (25.68 pieces, 68.10 mm, 51.64 mm, 2.17 pieces, 4.33 pieces, 57.95 mm, 2.49 mm, 8.08 mm, and 14.26 mm, respectively) as opposed to MS medium (20.27 pieces, 59.92 mm, 47.25 mm, 1.83 pieces, 3.57 pieces, 49.34 mm, 2.13 mm, 6.99 mm, and 12.21 mm, respectively). In the context of the in vitro culturing of Aronia explants utilizing MS medium and WPM, an analysis of machine learning models revealed that the XGBoost and SVM models perform better than the RF, KNN, and GP models when it comes to making predictions about those variables. In particular, the XGBoost model stood out due to the fact that it had the greatest R-squared value, and showed higher predictive ability in terms of properly forecasting values in comparison to actual outcomes. The findings of a linear regression (LR) analysis were used in order to conduct an efficacy study of the XGBoost model. The LR results especially confirmed the findings for the SD, NS, and NMR variables, whose R-squared values were more than 0.7. This demonstrates the extraordinary accuracy that XGboost has in predicting these particular variables. As a consequence of this, it is anticipated that it will be beneficial to make use of the XGboost model in the dosage optimization and estimation of in vitro parameters in micropropagation studies of the Aronia plant for further scientific investigation.

Common Agricultural Policy represents the main instrument of the European Union for the development of agriculture and rural areas. European funds are vital for the productivity and competitiveness of agricultural holdings, as well as for the transfer of agricultural knowledge and innovation. Supporting small and young farms is essential for the vitality of rural areas and for the renewal of generations of farmers. The aim of this work is to transfer agricultural knowledge in order to improve the productivity of agricultural holdings, especially among young farmers and small farms. We implemented training program through European funds related to Measure 1. “Actions for knowledge transfer and information actions” from Rural Development Programme of Romania. The characteristic of 100 participants and their responses were analyzed. Most of the participants were young people up to 40 years old (59%). The vast majority of the participants were from the rural area and only 17% were from the urban area. 53% from participants were strongly agree with the fact that level of knowlegde influence farm productivity. Actions for knowledge transfer improve the adaptation of farmers to the new challenges of agriculture, as well as productivity.

The current European Union Common Agricultural Policy 2014 – 2020 places particular emphasis on the implementation of environmentally friendly agricultural technologies and the preservation of spontaneous and agricultural biodiversity. In order to promote more sustainable agricultural production, the actual Common Agricultural Policy conceived three main ecological commitments applied by farmers managing 10 or more hectares of arable land. These greening measures are crop diversification, maintaining permanent grassland and declared “ecological focus areas”. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the implementation of agricultural practices beneficial for the climate and the environment in a medium-size Romanian agricultural holding. The case study was carried out in a private medium – size farm with the main activity represented by cereals crops from Olt county located in southern Romania. In order to be more environmental – friendly and to access the European funds for agriculture, farmer applied for greening direct payment in period 2016 – 2018. The culture scheme for crop diversification was the same, but proportion of crops was different. Ecological Focus Areas on the agricultural holding were represented by nitrogen-fixing crops (green peas culture). Application of green measures increased the farmland biodiversity, agricultural productivity and the level of farm income provided by direct payments.

Grapevine is a perennial crop whose growth and productivity can be affected by many pedoclimatic and agrotechnological factors. Currently, land terracing is a common field organization for new vineyard plantations, reducing slope on the cultivated land, and for the introduction of new areas for agricultural production. One of these pedoclimatic factors is the position of vines on vineyard slope. The aim of this paper was to assess the effect of the grapevine position on the field slope on growth expressed by pruning weight and on cold hardiness of bud and cane grapevine. The research used relatively simple methods and it was conducted in a commercial hillside vineyard from Samburesti viticultural region in Romania. The grapevines used for this study were represented by three red grape varieties: Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon, Vitis vinifera L. cv. Merlot, and Vitis vinifera L. cv. Feteasca Neagra. Annual growth of grapevine and cane maturation in the previous growing season was influenced by slope positions. The lowest pruning weight was recorder in Merlot planted at the top of the vineyard slope. For all grapevine cultivars we found statistically significant differences between vines cultivated on the top of slope and vines cultivated on the foot of slope.

Vegetable growing as an important branch of horticulture ensure agricultural food products with relatively low content in calories, nutrient rich and contain fibre in order to promote health and well-being. The aim of this paper is to provide for the scientists, researchers, and farmers a detailed picture for Romanian vegetables sector in order to increase the performance of vegetables holdings. In order to improve vegetable yield and quality, and the competiveness of vegetables farms, investments in farms and attraction of funds represent important measures for management of vegetable production. Romania has a strong tradition of family farms. In Romania is an important potential for the production of vegetables in the field, and organic vegetables production, due mainly to the high natural fertility of soils, traditions for vegetables growing, and the diversity of the climate. In the field of agriculture, new institutions have been set up and many financial instruments have been introduced for the development of the agricultural sector and for the improvement of the conditions in the rural areas. Currently, agriculture is supported by payment instruments from the national budget and European funds. In recent years, the amount of vegetables and the value of exports have an upward trend, while the quantity and value of vegetable imports has a downward trend.

Grapevine is one of the most important horticultural perennial crops grown in many countries from worldwide. In this paper, we review the global benefits of arbuscular mycorrhiza application for grapevine production and the impact of viticultural practices for these natural microorganisms to establish symbiotic associations with vine roots. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the status of and to outline the most important application and effects of AMF in viticulture in order to increase the sustainability of vineyards. Viticulture has to adapt to new challenges of pest and chemicals fertilizers management, climate change, global urbanization, land erosions, increasing droughts, world population growth and others factors that can affect the sustainability of viticultural production systems. One of eco-friendly approaches is to use the application of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF). Response of grapevine to AMF application demonstrated a lot of benefits for viticultural ecosystems. Technologies on sustainable agriculture and conservation of ecosystems vineyards may consider arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi as biofertilizers. Arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi could be an effective tool for improving the agro-enviromental perfomance in viticultural farms.

Strawberry is one of the first horticultural species introduced in the plant tissue culture technology. Nowadays microprogation technology is one of the most important techniques to produce plants with high quality and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors. The researches were carried out in the Biotechnology and Physiology laboratory of University of Pitesti, with the following cultivars of strawberry: Premial, Elsanta and Senga Sengana. The purpose of this study was to examine the reaction of strawberry in vitro cultures on different kinetin concentration. Terminal buds were dissected and cultured on Lee and Fossard medium (1977). The explants were incubated in a growth chamber under 16/8 h light/dark cycle at 22 – 24 oC. LF medium supplemented with kinetin (1.25 mg l-1) was found best for culture survival for all strawberry cultivars. Percentage survival of explants increased with increase in kinetin concentration from 0.5 mg l-1 to 1.25 mg l-1 for all strawberry cultivars.

Gisela 5 rootstock is most important in terms of reducing the vigor of growth. The varieties grafted on Gisela 5 had good horticultural results in terms of yield, adaptability and dwarf growth. This study was aimed to evaluate the growth and physiological behavior of the most popular sweet cherry cultivars in Europe grafted of Gisela 5 rootstock in one of the most important fruit growing area from Romania. The rootstock – scion combinations namely Skeena, Kordia and Ferrovia were grafted on Gisela 5 dwarf rootstocks. Gisela 5 influenced significantly the trunk cross section area among all the tested cultivars (p

Variation in light intensity, air temperature and relative air humidity leads to diurnal variations of photosynthetic rate and leaf relative water content. In order to determine the diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate of vine plants and influence of the main environmental factors, gas exchange in the vine leaves were measure using a portable plant CO2 analysis package. The results show that diurnal changes in photosynthetic rate could be interpreted as single-peak curve, with a maximum at noon (10.794 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1). Leaf relative water content has maximum value in the morning; the values may slightly decrease during the day (day of June, with normal temperature, no rain, no water restriction in soil).

Environmental growing farm technology involves utilization of agricultural inputs which are friendly with the production and ecosystem. Seaweed extracts are used as biofertilizers in horticulture in special to increase plant growth and productivity. In this study, we investigated the effect of seaweed extracts made from Ascophyllum nodosum, on vegetative growth of Vitis vinifera cv. Feteasca Alba. We used three different concentrations of seaweed extracts to asset the effect on fertility coefficients, shoot length, shoot diameter and leaf area. All treatments with seaweed extract showed a stimulatory effect for studied parameters. The plants treated with the higher levels of seaweed concentrate produced the highest absolute fertility coefficient and relative fertility coefficient relative to the plants treated with lower concentration of or untreated control plants. Foliar spray application at different concentration of seaweed extract of Ascophyllum nodosum influenced the vegetative growth expressed by leaf area of vine stock. The results indicate that the 170 ml-1hl concentration of seaweed extract showed the higher enhanced of growth parameters in grapevine.

The cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is a fruit crop of enormous economic importance with over eight million hectares planted in vineyards worldwide. Table grapes and wines represent a considerable share of the economy in many grape and wine-producing countries. During the dormant, due to low temperatures and how to prepare grape for entrance in winter time, wood annual increases and buds may be adversely affected. The way how the vines passed by dormant period can affect the buds and wood viability and rooting ability of vine cuttings. In this study were tested on different culture substrates vine cuttings belonging to a noble variety and a hybrid vines: Merlot and Isabella. Noble grapes are a term used to describe the international variety of grapes that are most recognizable for the top quality wine they produce. In this paper was determinate total dry matter of vine cuttings, humidity of biological material, vine cuttings rooting capacity and viability status buds cuttings placed on three nutritional substrates.