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Pacific salmon fishery in the Sakhalin-Kuril region in 2023 is considered. The landing of 78.2.103 t was forecasted but the actual annual catch was 75.8.103 t or 97 % of the forecast. This ratio was the following for the mass species: pink salmon — 34643 t forecasted and 34402 t actually caught (99.3 %), chum salmon — 41650 t forecasted and 39265 t actually caught (94.0 %). Data on escapement of pink salmon producers to the spawning grounds are provided. The run of pink salmon producers was rather weak in the rivers of Aniva Bay and Patience/Terpeniya Bay, but close to mean values or even stronger in other areas of Sakhalin Island. However, low return of pink salmon producers to the coast of Iturup Island was noted; some suggestions about the reasons are discussed. Efficiency of the fishcounting barrier in the Krasnoarmeysky Strait (in Lake Tunaicha basin) is analyzed on the data obtained in 2022–2023. In order to prevent suffocation of chum salmon, installation of the barrier is recommended on August 20–25, with the purposes to count the migrating fish and to remove excessive producers after the mass run beginning (approximately from September 6–10). On the experience in resolving the conflict of interest between fish farms in 2023, the measures for optimal management of commercial fishery are proposed for the Strategy of pacific salmon fishery in Sakhalin Region in 2024 that include appropriate restrictions for fishing when the forecasted values of chum salmon are landed.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of trabeculectomy and evaluate the change of the state of the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye in patients with long-term use of preservative and non-preserved hypotensive therapy before surgery. Patients and Methods. The study was conducted in a group of 30 patients (30 eyes) aged from 58 to 77 years with uncompensated primary openangle glaucoma, who were admitted to the glaucoma surgery. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the hypotensive regimen used before surgery: group I - patients who used preservative-containing local hypotensive drugs; Group II - patients who used Traviolan© and other non-preservative hypotensive drugs before antiglaucoma surgery. At the initial examination, the collection and analysis of patient complaints, visometry, tonometry, and biomicroscopy of the structures of the anterior segment of the eye were performed. Patients complaints were assessed on the OSDI test questionnaire. The study of total tear production was investigated using the Schirmer test. The tear film break time study investigated the Norn test. Observation and re-examinations were performed a week, 1 month and 3 months after trabeculectomy. Results. A week after glaucoma surgery, there was a short-term deterioration in the parameters by which dry eye disease (DED) was assessed: in group I, OSDI was 11.8 ± 3.3, Schirmer and Norn tests — 5.3 ± 1.3 mm and 4.3 ± 1.0 sec, respectively. In group II OSDI was 10.7 ± 3.5, Schirmer and Norn tests were 8.2 ± 2.2 mm and 4.7 ± 1.3 sec, respectively. After 1 and 3 months, the DED indicators improved, more pronounced in group I: after 1 and 3 months, OSDI was 12.9 ± 3.7 and 12.9 ± 4.2, respectively; Schirmer’s test — respectively, 7.4 ± 1.9 and 7.0 ± 1.8 mm; Norn’s test — 5.1 ± 0.8 and 5.2 ± 0.9 sec. In group II, 1 and 3 months after trabeculectomy, OSDI was 12.4 ± 3.0 and 12.4 ± 2.4. Schirmer’s test was 9.9 ± 2.1 and 9.5 ± 1.7 mm, Norn’s test was 5.5 ± 1.2 and 5.5 ± 1.3 sec, respectively. At all follow-up periods, except for week 1, there was a significant intergroup difference between the studied parameters of dry eye disease (p < 0.05). Conclusion. Long-term use of preservative-containing hypotensive therapy contributes to the development of chronic toxic-allergic conjunctivitis, which affects the long-term prognosis of trabeculectomy and the quality of life associated with DED. One of the ways to minimize such negative effects is the use of preservative-free drugs in the selection of glaucoma therapy. The use of a preservative-free form of travoprost is justified due to its high selectivity for FP-prostanoid receptors, which ensures high efficiency and less side effects. The improvement in DED parameters associated with cancel of therapy after surgery is more pronounced in the group of patients who initially took preservative-free drugs.

Glaucoma is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that eventually leads to irreversible blindness. The main risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma is elevated IOP. In cases where the use of prostaglandin analogues is limited, brimonidine is the most rational choice as initial therapy. It is the only molecule that both reduces aqueous humor production and enhances uveoscleral outflow. The use of several hypotensive drugs for a long time can lead to pronounced changes in the tissues of the anterior segment of the eye. In this case, there are complaints characteristic of the dry eye syndrome. The aggravation of this condition can affect the adherence of patients to treatment and worsen the course of the disease. Therefore, it is important to prescribe hypotensive drugs that have a sufficient hypotensive effect with a good safety profile. Purpose. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Brimonidine SZ in combination therapy for glaucoma after changing the hypotensive regimen. Patients and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 50 patients (50 eyes) with initial or advanced drug-compensated primary open-angle glaucoma (mean age 64.8 years), among them there were 27 (54 %) women and 23 (46 %) men. In patients included in the study, brimonidine 0.15 % or 0.2 % was replaced with Brimonidine SZ as part of combination hypotensive therapy. To analyze the results obtained, data on corneal-compensated IOP, the degree of corneal staining with fluorescein, assessments of conjunctival hyperemia, indicators of the OSDI questionnaire and the level of adherence to treatment at the initial visit, as well as 1 and 3 months after changing the hypotensive regimen, were compared. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the level of IOP at different times after changing the hypotensive regimen. Objective indicators of the state of the tissues of the anterior surface of the eye did not change. According to the results of the evaluation of the main signs of dry eye syndrome (OSDI) and the degree of adherence of patients to treatment, no significant changes were found either. Conclusion. Brimonidine SZ has a similar hypotensive efficacy with brimonidine 0.15 % and 0.2 % as part of combination hypotensive therapy. The safety profile of Brimonidine SZ is comparable to analogues, which allows us to consider this drug as a possible alternative when choosing hypotensive therapy.

The article presents a study of palliative surgical treatment of patients with pathological fractures of the long bones and chronic trochanteric fractures. Those patients are not indicated for special oncological treatment. Therefore, the article does not provide staging of malignant neoplasms. The surgical treatment was aimed at improving the quality of life of palliative patients, and accompanying therapy in the form of the Altaicae extract adaptogen and the neutral anolyte led in our study to an increase in the effectiveness of surgical treatment of such a severe contingent of patients.INTRODUCTION According to domestic and foreign literature, the number of oncological diseases in young and old people is growing. There is a trend to neglecting the disease and late visits to doctors. Almost all types of cancer of various localization and other malignant tumors metastasize to the bones. An increase in the number of pathological (metastatic) fractures of the trochanteric region and the long bones was also noted. Surgical treatment of patients with such a severe type of fractures leads to an aggravation of the already existing immunodeficiency and, as a rule, creates the prerequisites for the occurrence of infectious complications in the postoperative period. The choice of a conservative method of treatment often does not justify itself as well, it leads to diagnostic and therapeutic errors, and in the future — to chronic pathological fractures.AIM To improve the effectiveness of surgical treatment and the quality of life of palliative patients with pathological (metastatic) fractures of the long bones and chronic trochanteric fractures using original authors’ accompanying therapy.MATERIAL AND METHODS 177 patients were examined and divided into two groups the main and the control groups. 72 patients were included in the main group, and 105 patients in the control group. There were 110 men and 67 women. The patient age ranged from 35 to 90 years. The main group received surgical treatment with the use of new accompanying therapy along with the basic one, and the control group received only surgical treatment and basic therapy.RESULTS In the main group patients with chronic pathological fractures of the trochanteric region, who underwent endoprosthetic replacement, osteosynthesis, a new method of surgical treatment of metastatic fractures of the long bones and the authors’ accompanying therapy, the effectiveness of surgical treatment increased significantly compared to the comparison group. As a result, most of the unwanted symptoms disappeared, time spent in hospital decreased, the psychoemotional status and immunity improved, the functional state of the body was optimized, and the quality of life improved.CONCLUSION The use of new accompanying therapy, the authors’ method of surgical treatment of patients with pathological (metastatic) fractures of the long bones, chronic fractures of the trochanteric region allows us to successfully and effectively operate on such severe patients and perform a fast track surgery program in the early postoperative period.

Pacific salmon fishery in the Sakhalin-Kuril region in 2022 is analyzed. The data on predicted and actual catch are presented.

TThe most important factor limiting sports performance is insufficient fluid intake by athletes and dehydration of the body, while a significant decrease in performance and sports endurance begins with a dehydration level of 2 % and above.Objective: to study the effectiveness and safety of rehydration of the body of athletes­skiers of children and youth using isotonic drinks «Izonok» and «Izonok+».Materials and methods: the main group (n = 12, 16.2 ± 1.4 years) took isotonic drinks for 30 days to compensate for fluid losses, the comparison group (n = 8, 15.7 ± 1.1 years) — drinking water. Bioimpedance body composition analysis was carried out on a KM-AR-01-”Diamant” device (RF, St.Petersburg), and central hemodynamic analysis was carried out on a «SIMONA 111» (LLC “Okulyus 2000”, RF). The content of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and lysozyme in saliva samples of athletes was carried out by the enzyme immunoassay on an ANTHOS 2010 analyzer (Austria). Statistical data processing was carried out using the Statistica 6.0 software package from Stat Soft @ Ink USA.Results: The intake of an isotonic drink is accompanied by the stimulation of the production of secretory immunoglobulin (sIgA) and lysozyme compared to the consumption of drinking water. The total volume of fluid and the volume of extracellular fluid tended to increase; the volume of intracellular fluid remained practically unchanged; the amount of total water when taking isotonic increased.Conclusion: The investigated isotonic drinks “Izonok” and “Izonok+” are effective sports drinks for maintaining optimal water-salt balance and local immunity

Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and turnip rape (B. rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.)) are important agricultural plants widely used for food, fodder and technical purposes and as green manure. Over the past decades, a large number of perspective varieties that are being currently cultivated in every region of Russia have been developed. To increase the breeding efficiency and facilitate the seed production, modern molecular-genetic techniques should be introduced as means to estimate species and varietal diversity. The objective of the presented research study was to investigate DNA polymorphism of the rapeseed and turnip rape varieties developed at Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology and detect informative markers for varietal identification and genetic certification. To genotype 18 gDNA samples, 42 and 25 combinations of respective SSR and SRAP primers were used. The results obtained demonstrate that SRAP markers were more effective for polymorphism analysis: 36 % of the tested markers revealed genetic polymorphism compared with only 16.7 % of microsatellite loci. Molecular markers to detect differences at interspecific and intervarietal levels have also been found. For the investigated set, such microsatellite loci as Na12A02, Ni2C12, Ni02-D08a, Ra02-E01, Ni03H07а and SRAP-marker combinations as F13-R9, Me4-R7, F11-Em2, F10-R7, F9-Em2 and F9-R8 proved to be informative. Application of the two marker techniques made it possible to detect a higher level of DNA polymorphism in plants of different types (spring and winter varieties) if compared against the intervarietal differences within a species or a group. According to Nei’s genetic diversity index, in the cluster of winter rapeseed, VIK 2 and Gorizont varieties had the longest genetic distance, and in the spring cluster, these were Novosel and Veles. A high level of similarity was found between Vikros and Bizon winter rapeseed varieties. The results obtained have a high practical value for varietal specification of seed material and genetic certification of rapeseed and turnip rape varieties.

Purpose. To estimate the accuracy of IOP measurement using artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and applanation tonometry with fixed strength. Material and methods. 290 patients (576 eyes) underwent applanation tonometry according to Maklakov with tonometer weights of 5, 10, and 15 g using a modified elastotonometry technique followed by an analysis of impression quality and diameter measurements by three independent ophthalmologist experts. The prints were then fed into a neural network to check the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements. Results. The comparison of the diameters of the Maklakov tonometer prints determined by AI based on the neural network with the measurements data provided by three experts showed that neural network underestimates the measurement results by an average of 0.27 (-3.81; 4.35) mm Hg. At the same time, the intraclass correlation coefficient for all prints was 98.3%. The accuracy of diameter measurements of prints by neural network differs for tonometers of different weights, e.g. for a 5 g tonometer the difference was 0.06 (-3.38; 3.49) mm Hg, for 10 g and 15 g tonometers was 0.14 (-3.8; 3.51) and 0.95 (-3.84; 5.74) mm Hg, respectively. Conclusion. High accuracy and reproducibility of the measurements by the neural network, was shown to surpass the reproducibility of human-implemented measurements.

Purpose: to develop a comprehensive algorithm for choosing the optimal method for monitoring and treating patients with primary openangle glaucoma (POAG). Material and methods. 30 patients with POAG, aged 30 to 86, underwent an ophthalmological examination which included visometry, standard automatic perimetry, tonometry, ophthalmoscopy, and biomicroscopy. The data obtained were evaluated on a point scale according to the innovative algorithm, on the basis of which a plan of patient management was recommended. Then the recommendation of the algorithm was compared with the suggestion of an expert specializing in the treatment of glaucoma. Results. The proposed innovative algorithm for treating POAG patients sets up four stages in the appointment of topical hypotensive therapy. When gaining a certain number of points, the algorithm recommends surgical treatment. The treatment tactics suggested by the algorithm, agreed with the opinion of glaucoma expert in most of the cases (27 out of 30 cases; 90%). Conclusion. An algorithm for the treatment of patients with POAG has been proposed and tested. The algorithm makes it possible to assess the progression of the glaucomatous process and select the optimal tactics for managing the patient in real time of examination.

Most of the medicines used for the treatment of glaucoma include a preservative in various concentrations. With long-term topical therapy, patients with glaucoma may develop dry eye syndrome (DES). The severity of symptoms depends on the number of drugs used and the presence of a preservative in them. Against the background of DES progression, compliance to glaucoma therapy may decrease, and, consequently, the effectiveness of the treatment may decrease. Currently, new non-preservative hypotensive drugs containing brimonidine, as well as a fixed combination (FC) of dorzolamide and timolol, are available on the market.Purpose: to compare assessment of the hypotensive effect and tolerability of preservative-free drugs FC Dorzolamid 20 mg/ml, Timolol 5 mg/ml (Dortmol Antiglau ECO) and Brimonidine 2 mg/ml (Brim Antiglau ECO) when switching from similar drugs containing a preservative in patients with compensated glaucoma.Patients and methods. In this prospective clinical study, 60 patients (60 eyes) with compensated primary open-angle glaucoma on combined topical therapy were examined. In group 1 (30 patients, 30 eyes), the combinations of dorzolamide / timolol or brinzolamide / timolol were switched with the non-preservative Dortmol Antiglau ECO. In group 2 (30 patients, 30 eyes), the brimonidine as part of the medication regimen were replaced with the non-preservative Brim Antiglau ECO. The level of corneal-compensated IOP was assessed before the switch in therapy and after 1 month. Subjective feelings and objective signs of the treatment’s use were monitored during examination and using a questionnaire, which was compiled to study the tolerance of therapy.Results. Switching to a preservative-free combination of dorzolamide and timolol resulted in a reduction in complaints of irritation, lacrimation, and foreign body sensation. The efficiency control did not reveal a significant change (p > 0.05) in the cornealcompensated intraocular pressure (IOPcc). When transferred to the Brim Antiglau ECO as part of the local hypotensive treatment, intraocular pressure decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The average total score characterizing drug intolerance, when evaluated by the patient, decreased by 2.4 times, by the attending physician-by 1.9 times. The degree of conjunctival hyperemia on the MacMonnies photographic scale decreased in both groups.Conclusion. Preservative-free drugs can be recommended for most patients with glaucoma as a starting treatment and as a replacement for current therapy.

ABSTRACT. We report a case of treatment of a 60-year-old female patient D. with a metastatic fracture of the upper and middle third of the left humerus. We made a radical removal of the metastasis, which was complicated by pathological fracture of the left humerus. To replace the removed tumor defect we performed metal and polymer endoprosthetic replacement of the left humeral diaphysis using a locking screw system and bone cement (methyl methacrylate). For accelerated recovery and rehabilitation we applied adaptogenic immunomodulator «Vitavis» (Altai elixir) and neutral anolyte (NA). After the removal of the tumor, postoperative wound was treated with neutral anolyte (NA). Dressings also contained neutral anolyte (NA). These drugs were successfully combined with postoperative basic therapy. The patient was discharged from the hospital on the 4th day after surgery. The functional results of the left upper limb are satisfactory.

Aim. To review foreign approaches to the evaluation and financing of in vivo gene therapy drugs.Materials and Methods. The first stage of the review included the systematic search for publications of clinical-economic studies (CES) on in vivo gene therapy drugs registered on the international pharmaceutical market. The analysis of the methodology used in the found CESs was performed based on the given criteria. The second and third stages of the review included the search for the information on the approaches and results of the evaluation of in vivo gene therapy drugs by foreign agencies on the assessment of healthcare technologies (AHT) and the implemented approaches to the financing of expensive medical technologies.Results. Totally, four in vivo gene therapy drugs registered on the foreign markets were found: talimogene laherparepvec (Imlygic), voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna), onasemnogene abeparvovec (Zolgensma), and alipogene tiparvove (Glybera). The analysis of the methodology of CES on in vivo gene therapy drugs did not reveal general methodological peculiarities. The analysis of the approaches to the reimbursement for the cost of these four drugs in the European countries showed that there were no special procedures intended for gene drugs. However, in the majority of countries, there are some mechanisms of reimbursement for orphan drugs and the majority of the above-mentioned in vivo gene therapy drugs are orphan. It was revealed that the most perspective methods of payment for in vivo gene therapy drugs were installment payments, risk-sharing agreements, and their combinations. Still, none of these payment methods are implemented in Russia because of the lack of regulatory and legal framework.Conclusion. The design and methodological peculiarities of CES on in vivo gene therapy drugs are similar to orphan drugs (in some countries, there is a special flexible procedure). In the Russian Federation, there is no special procedure of ATH for orphan drugs, which can provide difficulties in the reimbursement for these drugs. Besides, in the Russian Federation, the issue of the implementation of innovative models for drugs provision (risk-sharing, installment payments is acute). The changes in this area would also lead to the optimization of the influence of expensive healthcare technologies on the budget of the system of healthcare.

Research objective was to study the changes of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the postoperative period after a fistulizing antiglaucomatous operation by measurement with the method of a bidirectional cornea pneumoapplanation. Material and methods. Clinical trial was performed on the sampling from 50 patients (50 eyes) underwent antiglaucomatous operation - a trabeculectomy with basal iridectomy. The research by means of the biomechanical Ocular Response Analyzer was carried out before operation, in 1-2 months and in 6-12 months. The control group was made of 100 patients (100 eyes) with glaucoma against the background of hypotensive therapy. Results and discussion. The surgical glaucoma treatment led to IOP depression and normalization in all cases of research group. Level of the corneal compensated IOP before operation was in the range from 19.3 to 34.3 mmHg. The glaucoma surgical treatment led to the corneal compensated IOP expressed depression on average on 8.5 mmHg (34 % of initial). The augmentation of this indicator on average on 1,4 mmHg was revealed in the remote period. The corneal compensated IOP in this situation is more important indicator from the prognostic point of view. The revealed difference of IOP is similar to a tonometry according to Goldman emphasizes high probability of mistakes in this group of patients. Important feature of cornea bidirectional application is the possibility of the corneogram analysis and estimating the quality of IOP measurement.

The literary review is focused on reactive hypertension after eye surgeries. Possible causes of increased intraocular pressure are described. Methods of therapy and prevention of reactive hypertension after cataract phacoemulsification and intravitreal injections are analyzed. Literary data show an emphasis on the efficacy and safety of applying a fixed combination of brimonidine and timolol.

A study of a child with intellectual disability revealed an enlarged p-arm in chromosome 13 and amplified rDNA. qRT-PCR showed an approximately 6-fold increased level of rRNA in the patient’s blood samples. fMRI study revealed changes in uncinate fasciculus. His father is a carrier of the same chromosome, healthy and has a normal level of rRNA.

Oxygen content in body fluids and tissues is an important indicator of life support functions. A number of ocular pathologies, e.g. glaucoma, are of presumable vascular origin which means altered blood supply and oxygen circulation. Most oxygen is transported in the blood in the association with hemoglobin. When passing through the capillaries, hemoglobin releases oxygen, converting from oxygenated form to deoxygenated form. This process is accompanied by the changes in spectral characteristics of hemoglobin which result in different colors of arterial and venous blood. Photometric technique for the measurement of oxygen saturation in blood is based on the differences in light absorption by different forms of hemoglobin. The measurement of saturation is called oximetry. Pulse oximetry with assessment of tissue oxygenation is the most commonly used method in medicine. The degree of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the eye blood vessels is the most accessible for noninvasive studies during ophthalmoscopy and informative. Numerous studies showed the importance of this parameter for the diagnosis of retinopathy of various genesis, metabolic status analysis in hyperglycemia, diagnosis and control of treatment of glaucoma and other diseases involving alterations in eye blood supply. The specific method for evaluation of oxygen concentration is the measurement of pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood, i.e. partial pressure of oxygen. In ophthalmological practice, this parameter is measured in anterior chamber fluid evaluating oxygen level for several ophthalmopathies including different forms of glaucoma, for instillations of hypotensive eye drops as well as in vitreous body near to the optic disc under various levels of intraocular pressure. Currently, monitoring of oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels, i.e. retinal oximetry, is well developed. This technique is based on the assessment of light absorption by blood depending on hemoglobin saturation with oxygen by analyzing spectral composition of light diffusively reflected from the retina. Oximetry of bulbar conjunctival and episcleral microvasculature can be also performed allowing for the evaluation of oxygen saturation in vessels which collect blood from the anterior segment and the characterization of anterior segment metabolism in a number of ocular pathologies and in the course of the treatment.

Oxygen content in body fluids and tissues is an important indicator of life support functions. A number of ocular pathologies, e.g. glaucoma, are of presumable vascular origin which means altered blood supply and oxygen circulation. Most oxygen is transported in the blood in the association with hemoglobin. When passing through the capillaries, hemoglobin releases oxygen, converting from oxygenated form to deoxygenated form. This process is accompanied by the changes in spectral characteristics of hemoglobin which result in different colors of arterial and venous blood. Photometric technique for the measurement of oxygen saturation in blood is based on the differences in light absorption by different forms of hemoglobin. The measurement of saturation is called oximetry. Pulse oximetry with assessment of tissue oxygenation is the most commonly used method in medicine. The degree of hemoglobin oxygen saturation in the eye blood vessels is the most accessible for noninvasive studies during ophthalmoscopy and informative. Numerous studies showed the importance of this parameter for the diagnosis of retinopathy of various genesis, metabolic status analysis in hyperglycemia, diagnosis and control of treatment of glaucoma and other diseases involving alterations in eye blood supply. The specific method for evaluation of oxygen concentration is the measurement of pressure of oxygen dissolved in the blood, i.e. partial pressure of oxygen. In ophthalmological practice, this parameter is measured in anterior chamber fluid evaluating oxygen level for several ophthalmopathies including different forms of glaucoma, for instillations of hypotensive eye drops as well as in vitreous body near to the optic disc under various levels of intraocular pressure. Currently, monitoring of oxygen saturation in retinal blood vessels, i.e. retinal oximetry, is well developed. This technique is based on the assessment of light absorption by blood depending on hemoglobin saturation with oxygen by analyzing spectral composition of light diffusively reflected from the retina. Oximetry of bulbar conjunctival and episcleral microvasculature can be also performed allowing for the evaluation of oxygen saturation in vessels which collect blood from the anterior segment and the characterization of anterior segment metabolism in a number of ocular pathologies and in the course of the treatment.

Clinical case of high thin-wall cystic limited filtering bleb needling revision in the early post-op period after trabeculectomy with sinusotomy accompanied by toxic keratopathy is presented. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated that filtering bleb height was 2700 μm and bleb wall thickness was 70 μm. Bleb needling revision with its lateralwall dissection and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone, fluorouracil, and ranibizumab near to the bleb site was performed. In 1.5 hours after the procedure, bleb height decreased to 550 μm (by 5 times) while bleb wall thickness increased up to 100 μm. Topical antibacterial, steroid, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory therapy was recommended. The next day IOP level reduced from 11 mm Hg to 4.5 mm Hg. It was accompanied by choroidal effusion that was managed conservatively with cycloplegic agents (drops and injections) for 3 days. On day 6, central corneal edema affecting all layers, Descemet’s membrane folds, and ocular hypertension were revealed. Metabolic therapy resolved corneal edema within 3 days. Re-needling bleb revision decreased IOP level to 6.2 mm Hg. This resulted in transient Descemet’s membrane folds. This paper describes filtering bleb needling revision with its lateral wall dissection and anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, and anti-VEGF agents use to prolong glaucoma filtering surgery effect in excessive scarring. The procedure was accompanied by toxic corneal endothelium decompensation with corneal edema and Descemet’s membrane folds treated with active metabolic therapy.

Clinical case of high thin-wall cystic limited filtering bleb needling revision in the early post-op period after trabeculectomy with sinusotomy accompanied by toxic keratopathy is presented. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated that filtering bleb height was 2700 μm and bleb wall thickness was 70 μm. Bleb needling revision with its lateralwall dissection and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone, fluorouracil, and ranibizumab near to the bleb site was performed. In 1.5 hours after the procedure, bleb height decreased to 550 μm (by 5 times) while bleb wall thickness increased up to 100 μm. Topical antibacterial, steroid, and non-steroid anti-inflammatory therapy was recommended. The next day IOP level reduced from 11 mm Hg to 4.5 mm Hg. It was accompanied by choroidal effusion that was managed conservatively with cycloplegic agents (drops and injections) for 3 days. On day 6, central corneal edema affecting all layers, Descemet’s membrane folds, and ocular hypertension were revealed. Metabolic therapy resolved corneal edema within 3 days. Re-needling bleb revision decreased IOP level to 6.2 mm Hg. This resulted in transient Descemet’s membrane folds. This paper describes filtering bleb needling revision with its lateral wall dissection and anti-inflammatory, cytostatic, and anti-VEGF agents use to prolong glaucoma filtering surgery effect in excessive scarring. The procedure was accompanied by toxic corneal endothelium decompensation with corneal edema and Descemet’s membrane folds treated with active metabolic therapy.

The article presents a case report of a patient with a cystic bleb in the early postoperative period after trabeculectomy. Patient complained of discomfort in a recently (4 weeks) operated eye. Medical regimen administered previously had been taken irregularly. Biomicroscopy revealed a high, encapsulated cystic bleb with thin walls and hyperemia. Intraocular pressure at the moment of examination was 27 mmHg. Local hypotensive therapy had been neglected by the patient. A local anti-inflammatory (tobramycin / dexamethasone fixed combination) and hypotensive (brimonidine / timolol fixed combination) therapy was administered. 24 hours later, when intraocular pressure decreased to 20 mmHg, a needle revision procedure was conducted for partial bleb wall destruction and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone, fluorouracil and ranibizumab. During the next day examination the bleb was diffuse, with less hyperemia and an abundance of conjunctival microcysts in the central bleb’s zone. Intraocular pressure was 10.2 mmHg. No choroidal detachment was noted during ophthalmoscopy and OCT examination. The patient continued anti-inflammatory therapy. Another needling procedure with the same drug combination was repeated two weeks after due to an increased hyperemia. At the end of the four-week follow-up period the filtering bleb remained diffuse and the intraocular pressure was 13.2 mmHg. Dexamethasone drops were prescribed to be instilled 1‑2 times a day for a month. This case report demonstrates the method of restoring a functioning filtering bleb by the needle revision with antiinflammatory, cytostatic and anti-VEGF therapy for prolonging the hypotensive effect of a trabeculectomy in the presence of wound healing.

The article presents a case report of a patient with a cystic bleb in the early postoperative period after trabeculectomy. Patient complained of discomfort in a recently (4 weeks) operated eye. Medical regimen administered previously had been taken irregularly. Biomicroscopy revealed a high, encapsulated cystic bleb with thin walls and hyperemia. Intraocular pressure at the moment of examination was 27 mmHg. Local hypotensive therapy had been neglected by the patient. A local anti-inflammatory (tobramycin / dexamethasone fixed combination) and hypotensive (brimonidine / timolol fixed combination) therapy was administered. 24 hours later, when intraocular pressure decreased to 20 mmHg, a needle revision procedure was conducted for partial bleb wall destruction and subconjunctival injection of dexamethasone, fluorouracil and ranibizumab. During the next day examination the bleb was diffuse, with less hyperemia and an abundance of conjunctival microcysts in the central bleb’s zone. Intraocular pressure was 10.2 mmHg. No choroidal detachment was noted during ophthalmoscopy and OCT examination. The patient continued anti-inflammatory therapy. Another needling procedure with the same drug combination was repeated two weeks after due to an increased hyperemia. At the end of the four-week follow-up period the filtering bleb remained diffuse and the intraocular pressure was 13.2 mmHg. Dexamethasone drops were prescribed to be instilled 1‑2 times a day for a month. This case report demonstrates the method of restoring a functioning filtering bleb by the needle revision with antiinflammatory, cytostatic and anti-VEGF therapy for prolonging the hypotensive effect of a trabeculectomy in the presence of wound healing.

Introduction. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protein p24 plays an important role in the life cycle of the virus, and also is a target for diagnostic tests and for new antiretroviral drugs and therapeutic vaccines. The most studied variant of HIV-1 in the world is subtype B. In Russia, the most common variant is A6, the spread of recombinant forms (CRF63_02A6, CRF03_A6B) is observed as well as circulation of G and CRF02_AG variants. However, a detailed study of the p24 protein in these variants has not yet been conducted. The aim was to study the features of the p24 protein in HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia and estimate the frequency of occurrence of pre-existing mutations associated with resistance to lenacapavir, the first antiretroviral drug in the class of capsid inhibitors. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were the nucleotide sequences obtained from the Los Alamos international database and clinical samples from HIV infected patients. Results and discussion. The features of HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia have been determined. V86A, H87Q, I91F are characteristic substitutions in A6 genome. It is shown that the presence of preexisting mutations associated with resistance to lenacapavir is unlikely. Conclusion. Features of the p24 protein in HIV-1 variants circulating in Russia allow them to be distinguished from others variants and among themselves. The prognosis for the use of lenacapavir in Russia is generally favorable. The results obtained could be taken into account in developing and using antiretroviral drugs and therapeutic vaccines.

Aim. The purpose is to justify the effective and safe use of various materials for the treatment of pulpitis of temporary teeth by amputation methods. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of patient records and treatment of pulpitis of temporary teeth in children by vital amputation was carried out. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of the development of pulpitis of temporary teeth, the study of oral fluid: the content of immunoglobulins – IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, sIgA and interleukin–6. Low efficiency – 54.2±0.7% of the method of devital amputation, accompanied by the development of destructive forms of periodontitis was revealed. The most effective method of treatment of pulpitis of temporary molars is the method of vital amputation using the material "Trioxident" – 93,4±0,3 %, "Viscostat" – 91,3±0,4 % with reasonable safety. This allows them to be widely used in children's dental practice.Results. It was shown the high efficiency of the use of drugs "Trioxident" and "Viscostat" in comparison with devital pulpotomy.

This paper is devoted to illustrating the possibilities of using the methodological apparatus of functional modeling to solve the problem of formalized representation of threats of destructive impact of malicious software on the operating environment of an automated control system for special purposes. It examines an attacker's sequence of actions to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information on these systems, using malicious code as a tool to destructively affect their operating environment to their operating environment with malicious code. The article presents the results of functional decomposition of the target function of the threat into its stages realized by the intruder - infiltration of malicious code into the operating environment of a special-purpose automated control system, its execution of destructive actions and concealment of traces of destructive impact. The tactics performed in this process are described, as well as the malware techniques used. A formalized representation of the multiple structure of the decomposition representation of the target function is given. Functional diagrams of the corresponding functional components are given in terms of the IDEF0 methodology. The prerequisites for the development of mathematical models in terms of the Markov process for determining the time characteristics of individual functional components and the objective function as a whole are substantiated. The developed functional model serves as a tool for assessing the ability of an intruder to implement such threats and damage to the object of control caused by information failures of the system. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the possibilities of achieving the required level of adequacy of mathematical models for studying the threats of the destructive impact of malicious objects on such systems.

Abstract Aldehydes are ubiquitous in star-forming regions and carbonaceous chondrites, serving as essential intermediates in metabolic pathways and molecular mass growth processes to vital biomolecules necessary for the origins of life. However, their interstellar formation mechanisms have remained largely elusive. Here, we unveil the formation of lactaldehyde (CH3CH(OH)CHO) by barrierless recombination of formyl (HĊO) and 1-hydroxyethyl (CH3ĊHOH) radicals in interstellar ice analogs composed of carbon monoxide (CO) and ethanol (CH3CH2OH). Lactaldehyde and its isomers 3-hydroxypropanal (HOCH2CH2CHO), ethyl formate (CH3CH2OCHO), and 1,3-propenediol (HOCH2CHCHOH) are identified in the gas phase utilizing isomer-selective photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and isotopic substitution studies. These findings reveal fundamental formation pathways for complex, biologically relevant aldehydes through non-equilibrium reactions in interstellar environments. Once synthesized, lactaldehyde can act as a key precursor to critical biomolecules such as sugars, sugar acids, and amino acids in deep space.

Abstract Understanding and predicting viewers’ emotional responses to videos has emerged as a pivotal challenge due to its multifaceted applications in video indexing, summarization, personalized content recommendation, and effective advertisement design. A major roadblock in this domain has been the lack of expansive datasets with videos paired with viewer-reported emotional annotations. We address this challenge by employing a deep learning methodology trained on a dataset derived from the application of System1’s proprietary methodologies on over 30,000 real video advertisements, each annotated by an average of 75 viewers. This equates to over 2.3 million emotional annotations across eight distinct categories: anger, contempt, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and neutral, coupled with the temporal onset of these emotions. Leveraging 5-second video clips, our approach aims to capture pronounced emotional responses. Our convolutional neural network, which integrates both video and audio data, predicts salient 5-second emotional clips with an average balanced accuracy of 43.6%, and shows particularly high performance for detecting happiness (55.8%) and sadness (60.2%). When applied to full advertisements, our model achieves a strong average AUC of 75% in determining emotional undertones. To facilitate further research, our trained networks are freely available upon request for research purposes. This work not only overcomes previous data limitations but also provides an accurate deep learning solution for video emotion understanding.

Nongenomic effects of antibodies specific to membrane steroid receptors are well known. Autoantibodies against estrogen receptor (ER) were revealed in blood serum of breast cancer patients (BCP). Their serum levels correlated with Ki-67, a protein tumor proliferation marker,. Purified antibodies stimulated in vitro proliferation of cultured MCF-7 tumor cells. Antiidiotypic antibodies against monoclonal antibodies, specific to estradiol, showed similar agonist activity. However, the function of auto-antibodies against progesterone receptor (PR) remained unknown. The purpose of this study was to search for an association between serum antiidiotypic antibodies specific to estradiol and progesterone (IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg), and expression of Ki-67 tumor protein in BCP. The IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg were studied in 204 healthy women and 663 BCP with ER+/PR+ tumors using ELISA technique with adsorbed monoclonal antibodies against E2 and Pg. Ki-67, ER and PR were detected by immunohistochemical methods. High levels of IgG2-E2 in stage I BCP were detected more frequently than in healthy women (63.9% vs 40.2%, р < 0.001), being more common in cases with Ki-67 > 14, than with tumors with Ki-67 ≤ 14 (63.9% vs 56.9%, р = 0.03). Similar association of IgG2- Pg with Ki-67 was not revealed. The individually low levels of both IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg in stage I BCP with Ki-67 ≤ 14 tumors were found in 55.2%, compared to 22.4% in cases with Ki-67 > 30. The cooperatively high IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg levels were detected in 35.7% of stage I BCP with Ki-67 ≤ 14 tumors and in 28.6% with Ki-67 > 30 cases (p = 0.03). On the contrary, high IgG2-E2 levels in BCP II-IV stages with tumor Ki-67 > 30 were less comon, than with Ki-67 ≤ 14 (49.1% vs 64.2%, р = 0.03). Similar association was found with IgG2-Pg (47.2% vs 62.2%, р = 0.03). The cooperatively high individual IgG2- E2 and IgG2-Pg levels were detected in BCP at II-IV stages with Ki-67 ≤ 14 and Ki-67 > 30 (respectively, 38.0% and 37.0). These indices comprised 21.5% and 53.9% when the levels of studied antibodies were low (p = 0.003). In conclusion, high individual levels of both IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg were associated with high proliferative activity of ER+/PR+ breast cancer at initial tumor growth (stage I), and with low proliferation rates at subsequent tumor growth (stages II-IV).

It was found that during the experiments on rats assisted by the Doppler flowmetering method the benzofurocainum (BF) lowers the erythrocyte flow and its fluctuation in the capillary race of the attached gum (AG) of the lower incisors by the intraperitoneal introduction in the dosage of 10 mg/kg in conditions of sound parodentium during 40 min (most evidently on the 10th min). In addition the vasomotor activity remains stable in comparison with the initial one, that can be conditioned by the increase of the general peripheric vessel resistance. In conditions of experimental periodontitis (EP) the blood microcirculation (BMC) in AG undergoes essential changes to lowering. The use of the traditional medicamental therapy (TMT) against the background of EP causes the increment in BMC in the chosen area after 12 days of treatment; one month later BMC decreases. The combination ТМТ + BF in taken conditions of the experiment induces the increment in BMC immediately after the treatment as well as one month after the use, besides BMC reaches the initial level.

Abstract Synchronization of Bloch oscillations in small Josephson junctions (JJs) under microwave radiation, which leads to current quantization, has been proposed as an effect that is dual to the appearance of Shapiro steps. This current quantization was recently demonstrated in superconducting nanowires in a compact high-impedance environment. Direct observation of current quantization in JJs would confirm the synchronization of Bloch oscillations with microwaves and help with the realisation of the metrological current standard. Here, we place JJs in a high-impedance environment and demonstrate dual Shapiro steps for frequencies up to 24 GHz (I = 7.7 nA). Current quantization exists, however, only in a narrow range of JJ parameters. We carry out a systematic study to explain this by invoking the model of a JJ in the presence of thermal noise. The findings are important for fundamental physics and application in quantum metrology.

The paper provides an assessment of the probability and consequences of external events capable of leading to an incident with a breach of established safety barriers restricting the spread of radioactive substances along the coastline of the Techensky reservoir cascade. The initiating events for such an incident could be adverse meteorological conditions resulting in a decrease in the water level in the cascade water bodies below the specified design levels. Drying out the surface of previously inundated sections of the coastline will create an extensive source of atmospheric contamination by technogenic radionuclides during wind-induced resuspension. The probable area of the dried-out sections will be 0.02 — 0.08 kml for reservoir V-3, 0.06 — 0.28 kml for reservoir V-4, 0.19 — 0.90 kml for reservoir V-10, and 0.47 — 2.19 kml for reservoir V-11. The cumulative inventory of 137Cs and 90Sr in the specified area exceeds 105 Bq/ml. The activity released into the atmosphere within an hour will range from 3.69∙108 to 8.48∙1011 Bq for the wind speeds of 5 m/s and 20 m/s, respectively. The probabilities of joint occurrence of strong winds and drought conditions are 6.8∙10-7 per year for a wind speed of 20 m/s and 2.1∙10-3 per year for a wind speed of 5 m/s. The highest values of effective dose for the population of the nearest settlements, reaching 1-3 μSv in the first 10 days and over 200 μSv in the first year, are achieved under extreme wind loads with wind speeds of 20 m/s or more.

The article is devoted to the study, restoration, and reconstruction of a poplar box originating from kurgan No. 13 of the Urysay-2 burial site. This box contained a set of ritual objects associated with a female “priestess”. The box was positioned behind the head of the deceased and was a low, square container with straight sides and a separate flat lid. The specific set of objects found in the box included a mirror, a cedar block, a “spoon” with traces of paint, a small organic vessel (leather? felt?), and silk fabric, supplemented by a small stone altar and a set of tools found nearby. During fieldwork, the box was removed in one block. Subsequently, an MRI scan was performed; a comprehensive set of procedures was conducted to identify the material of the finds, their physicochemical composition, conservation, and restoration; a 3D reconstruction of the box and the items was carried out.

The results of the study of the microclonal propagation of the cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus L.) of the Leningradskaya and Kondinskaya forms at the stages of microclonal propagation itself and rooting of microshoots in in vitro culture are presented. R. chamaemorus is one of the most popular bog berry plants in the countries of Northern Europe and the northern regions of Russia, possessing highly valuable nutritional and pharmacological properties. In order to intensify industrial berry growing in Russia and meet the market demand for berry products in the context of import substitution, it is necessary to use high-tech methods for obtaining planting material. In order to preserve the valuable gene pool and accelerate the production of a large amount of healthy planting material of R. chamaemorus forms, it is necessary to improve and optimize the technologies or microclonal propagation of this species. The largest number (on average 9.6–9.9 pcs.) and the total length (16.4– 19.5 cm) of R. chamaemorus microshoots in in vitro culture at the stage of microclonal propagation itself have been observed on the Murashige and Skoog culture medium. An increase in the concentration of the “Dropp” preparation from 0.1 to 0.2 mg/l in the culture medium has contributed to an increase in the number of R. chamaemorus microshoots (on average by 1.8–2.4 times), an increase in their total length in the Konsinskaya form (by 1.5 times) and its decrease in the Leningradskaya form (by 1.1 times). The largest number (on average 3.9–4.6 pcs.) and the total length (13.2–14.0 cm) of R. chamaemorus roots at the stage of microshoot rooting in vitro have been noted on the Murashige and Skoog culture medium. An increase in the concentration of indolebutyric acid from 0.5 to 1.0 mg/l in the culture medium has contributed to an increase in the number of R. chamaemorus roots (on average by 1.4 times) and a decrease in their total length (by 1.15–1.25 times).

Abstract Recently discovered Mn-based kagome materials, such as RMn6Sn6 (R = rare-earth element), exhibit the coexistence of topological electronic states and long-range magnetic order, offering a platform for studying quantum phenomena. However, understanding the electronic and magnetic properties of these materials remains incomplete. Here, we investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of GdMn6Sn6 using x-ray magnetic circular dichroism, photoemission spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations. We observe localized electronic states from spin frustration in the Mn-based kagome lattice and induced magnetic moments in the nonmagnetic element Sn experimentally, which originate from the Sn- $$p$$ p and Mn- $$d$$ d orbital hybridization. Our calculations also reveal ferromagnetic coupling within the kagome Mn-Mn layer, driven by double exchange interaction. This work provides insights into the mechanisms of magnetic interaction and magnetic tuning in the exploration of topological quantum materials.

Problem statement . The existing world practices of professional retraining in the conditions of digitalization are reviewed. The search for an effective mechanism of professional retraining transformation that would give an advantage to the national education system in the conditions of digitalization becomes relevant. Existing practices include state initiatives and requirements that support and help new candidates in the teaching profession to change their career preferences without significant obstacles, which is a new way to organize professional retraining. Methodology . Scientific publications and materials from open internet sources, including analytical reports of foreign organizations of different countries describing the implementation practices of professional development and professional retraining programs were analyzed. Results . The authors give substantiation, approaches, and practice of international practical experience of effective mechanisms in the organization of professional retraining system in the conditions of digitalization of teacher education. It is necessary to pay attention to the peculiarities of such transformation, which will provide the development of possible management solutions for the Russian education system. Conclusion . The proposed international experience should be considered as an opportunity to develop effective model solutions for the domestic system of professional retraining of teaching staff. It is important to pay attention to the fact that digital skills training is implemented systematically with the support of the authorities, and that professional retraining in the conditions of digitalization opens the possibility of forming a career path with the support of mentors and employment services with the help of modern information technologies.

Purpose: to analysis the results of combined implantation of non-diffractive IOL with extended depth of focus and injector preloaded monofocal IOL.Patients and methods. 82 patients (164 eyes) after bilateral or combined implantation of AcrySof IQ Vivity (n = 72) and Clareon (n = 92) IOLs (Alcon, USA) with a mean follow-up of 6.2 ± 1.9 (6–8) months were included. 20 patients (40 eyes) with bilateral AcrySof IQ Vivity implantation formed group I, and 32 patients (64 eyes) with Clareon IOL implantation (n = 32) followed by Acrysof IQ Vivity implantation in the second (n = 32) formed group II. The comparison group (III) included 30 patients (60 eyes) with bilateral Clareon implantation. In group I, emmetropia was planned in the leading eye and myopia of 0.5–0.75 D in the nonleading eye; in groups II and III, emmetropia was planned in both eyes.Results. There was an increase in UCNVA from 0.29 ± 0.08 to 0.62 ± 0.14 in group I and from 0.22 ± 0.04 to 0.59 ± 0.11 in group II, UCIVA from 0.21 ± 0.08 in group I to 0.84 ± 0.18 in group II, UCDVA from 0.27 ± 0.09 to 0.92 ± 0.21 in group I and from 0.34 ± 0.10 to 0.89 ± 0.18 in group II during a maximum follow-up period of 6 months. There was an increase in BCNVA from 0.58 ± 0.04 to 0.68 ± 0.07 in group I and from 0.43 ± 0.04 to 0.64 ± 0.05 in group II, BCIVA from 0.55 ± 0.10 to 0, 91 ± 0.24 in group I and from 0.27 ± 0.04 to 0.7 ± 0.15 in group II, BCDVA — from 0.61 ± 0.12 to 1.0 ± 0.31 in group I and from 0.42 ± 0.09 to 0.9 ± 0.25 in group II. The differences between groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.1). In group III the values of UCDVA and UCIVA were significantly lower than in groups I and II (p < 0.05). Group I showed a decrease in spherical refractive equivalent from –2.50 ± 1.2 to –0.15 ± 0.59 in the follow-up period of 6 months, in group II — from –3.0 ± 1.2 to –0.25 ± 0.48, in group III from –1.75 ± 1.1 to –0.25 ± 0.41 (p > 0.1). When comparing the frequency of adverse optical phenomena between the groups, no significant differences were found (p > 0.1).Conclusion. For the first time in Russia, a comparative analysis of the results of EDOF and monofocal IOL implantation compared to bilateral EDOF IOL and monofocal IOL implantation in patients with presbyopia was performed. The absence of significant differences between the groups allows to justify the implantation of non-diffractive EDOF IOLs in paired eyes in patients with previously implanted monofocal IOLs who wish to reduce dependence on spectacle correction at intermediate and near distances.

The research project’s primary goals were to develop occupational risk management protocols for people who perform maintenance tasks on electrical installations and, in turn, to develop new work tools designed to protect workers in those installations. The research project’s findings are presented in this paper. In order to check the behaviour of the safety characteristics of the protective equipment material under certain influence of professional risk factors, protective equipment materials were subject to tests. The components of in use or new electro-insulating equipment, were evaluated through sampling. Electro-insulating materials underwent dielectric, mechanical, attrition testing, and chemical agent application. The findings revealed the weakness of some electrical insulating materials whose declared duration of use exceeded five years after commissioning, necessitating the assessment of new technical standards for health and safety workplace.

Introduction. When designing buildings and structures it is necessary to ensure mechanical safety throughout the life cycle of the object. During the operation of buildings, situations arise in which monolithic load-bearing structures acquire defects in the area of the slab-column connection (SCC) in girderless slabs. These are, first of all, cracks caused by bending of slabs and slab pushing through by columns. The problem of taking into account the operation of structures with regard to such data of local damages in emergency situations is not sufficiently studied. In a number of cases the loss of bearing capacity of nodes is of brittle nature, which is not allowed by normative documents, as it can lead to progressive, including avalanche-like, destruction of neighboring elements.Materials and methods. The bearing capacity of elements and the degree of resistance to progressive failure of a 9-storey monolithic girderless frame under different scenarios of initial local damages are determined. Three levels of such damage are introduced, and the slab and column connection nodes are modeled by volumetric finite elements. Verification of the computational model is performed experimentally by in-situ pushover tests of the SCC under central load application. Simulia Abaqus software package is used for the purpose of calculations. The CDP model is used for modelling of concrete deformations, and bilinear diagrams with hardening are used for modelling of reinforcement deformations.Results. Experimental data on the deformations of the slab-column connection under longitudinal force loading and realization of the push-through mode are obtained. Taking into account the selected damage levels and experimental data, calculations of the monolithic frame with different damage scenarios in the investigated nodes are carried out. The nature of force redistribution for frames with different levels of such damage and the degree of their danger in the realization of progressive failure are established.Conclusions. It is determined that damages in the nodes of column and girderless slabs interfaces can lead to redistribution of forces and changes in the character of slab operation. These changes can initiate progressive failure in emergency situations in case of structural solutions of nodes with two-sided and three-sided design contours in terms of CP 63.13330 for push-through calculations. Additional design justification is required for such nodes.

Purpose. To obtain analytical dependencies for the precise calculation of the stator current of a frequency-regulated three-phase short-circuited induction motor and to estimate the components of its main electrical power losses, which are spent on the transportation magnetic power losses (to the magnetization circuit) and additional power losses (through the motor air gap), as well as with using the obtained refined dependencies to research the electromagnetic processes and energy modes of the frequency-regulated induction motor when its speed and load change. Methodology. The method of generalized vectors is used for the refined calculation of the electromagnetic processes and energy modes of the frequency-regulated induction motor. Results. Based on the catalog data and parameters of the induction motor’s equivalent replacement circuit, also the specified values of its useful rotational torque and speed, refined analytical dependencies were obtained for the calculation of the main electromagnetic power losses of the frequency-regulated induction motor, which take into account the influence of all types of power losses, which present in it, as well as – power losses spent on transporting magnetic losses (to the magnetization circuit) and additional losses (through the air gap of the motor). With the help of the obtained dependencies, the energy modes (including main power consumption and electromagnetic power losses, efficiency factor, power factor) of the frequency-regulated induction motor in the driving and generator modes of its operation in relation to the first (at speeds not higher than the nominal) and the second (at speeds above the nominal) speed control zones for the operating ranges of the motor useful rotational torque and speed changes were calculated. Originality. A refined analytical calculation dependence has been obtained for determining the active projection of the generalized stator current vector of a frequency-regulated induction motor, which takes into account the presence of additional power losses and the component of electrical losses caused by the transportation of additional power losses through the air gap of the motor; an analytical dependence is also proposed for determining the increment of the mentioned active projection, which is due to the transportation of magnetic power losses to the motor magnetization circuit. Practical value. Analytical calculation dependencies are proposed for the quantitative assessment of errors (as a percentage of mentioned values) in steady-state modes for determining the main electromagnetic power losses of the frequency-regulated induction motor, caused by the absence (in comparison with relevant studies from known publications) of taking into account additional and magnetic power losses, as well as – the influence of electrical component losses caused by the transportation of the mentioned power losses through the air gap or to the magnetization circuit of the motor, respectively. References 16, tables 5, figures 2.

Introduction Premature arrest of bone growth is the most common complication of bone fractures at the growth plate level. The purpose of the work was to evaluate the structural reorganization of metaepiphyseal cartilage following its direct injury with metal and biodegradable wires in an experiment. Materials and methods The metaepiphyseal cartilage of the distal femur of 18 lambs of both sexes was studied. The age of the animals at the beginning of the study was (43.92 ± 0.8) days, by 60 and 120 days (102.63 ± 0.82) and (161.1 ± 0.9) days, respectively. The animals underwent transphyseal insertion of wires/ pins: series 1 — Kirschner wires, series 2 — titanium wires, series 3 — poly-L-lactic acid pins. The duration of the experiment was 60 and 120 days. Clinical and radiographic studies were carried out. Histomorphometry was performed using an AxioScope.A1 microscope and Zenblue software (CarlZeissMicroImagingGmbH, Germany). Results Reactive changes in the growth plate at the interface with the wire were manifested by proliferation of chondrocytes in the zone of proliferating cartilage and in the reserve zone; the minimally expressed changes were noted in series 2, the most pronounced were in series 1. By the end of the experiment, at the interface with the wire in series 1, blood vessels penetrated into the metaepiphyseal cartilage; in series 3 the amount of the fibrous component was increased, which indicates further formation of “bone bridges” and “fibrous bridges,” respectively. In undamaged areas of the growth plate in all series, the zonal structure was preserved. By the end of the experiment, increased values of the thickness of the metaepiphyseal cartilage were noted (1.2 times higher than the control), differences between series were a tendency; in series 2 and 3 the ratio of metaepiphyseal cartilage zones was comparable to the control; in series 1 the proportion of the proliferating cartilage zone was increased by 4 %. Discussion The main problem with growth plate injuries is the formation of bone tissue or fibrosis, which affects the growing process. Currently, the question of choosing a treatment tactic for growth plate injury depending on the size of the “bone bridges” is debatable. Relevant are future comparative studies of the regeneration of metaepiphyseal cartilage defects after the use of fixators made from different materials. Conclusion Histomorphometric characteristics of the growth zone reliably showed that the insertion of wires, regardless of their material, was not accompanied by inhibition of the bone-forming function of the distal metaepiphyseal cartilage of the femur.

Abstract Achieving precise spectral and temporal light manipulation at the nanoscale remains a critical challenge in nanophotonics. While photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) have emerged as a powerful means of controlling light, their reliance on geometrical symmetry breaking for obtaining tailored resonances makes them highly susceptible to fabrication imperfections, and their generally fixed asymmetry factor fundamentally limits applications in reconfigurable metasurfaces. Here, we introduce the concept of environmental symmetry breaking by embedding identical resonators into a surrounding medium with carefully placed regions of contrasting refractive indexes, activating permittivity-driven quasi-BIC resonances (ε-qBICs) without altering the underlying resonator geometry and unlocking an additional degree of freedom for light manipulation through active tuning of the surrounding dielectric environment. We demonstrate this concept by integrating polyaniline (PANI), an electro-optically active polymer, to achieve electrically reconfigurable ε-qBICs. This integration not only demonstrates rapid switching speeds and exceptional durability but also boosts the system’s optical response to environmental perturbations. Our strategy significantly expands the capabilities of resonant light manipulation through permittivity modulation, opening avenues for on-chip optical devices, advanced sensing, and beyond.

Organic azides are convenient and versatile intermediates for the synthesis of various nitrogen-containing scaffolds, including biologically active compounds, approved drugs, functional materials, etc. Designing general approaches to deliberately chemo-, regio-, and steroselective synthesis of aliphatic azides is an urgent task of synthetic chemistry. Particularly challenging is direct azidation of non-activated C(sp3)−H groups, capable of providing ready access to remote and late-stage functionalization of complex targets without need for re-designing existing multistep synthetic procedures. This contribution surveys the C(sp3)−H azidation approaches known to date, both non-catalytic and catalytic, including enzyme-mediated ones, with the major focus on the synthetic perspective of these transformations. Essential mechanistic details are briefly discussed.

The study was aimed to determine the interrelations between levels of serum antibodies specific to estradiol and progesterone (IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg) and corresponding antiidiotypic antibodies (IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg) and tumor Ki67 positive cells in breast cancer patients (BCP). Material and Methods. The content of these antibodies in the blood serum of BCP (522 at the I stage and 578 at the II –IV stages) was studied using non-competitive enzyme immunoassay. Ki67 was determined using immunohistochemical method. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using the Statistica 8.0 software. Results. There were no revealed the desired associations in BCP I stage. Tumors with high levels of Ki67 positive cells (>20,0 %) were found more often in BCP II –IV stages with high serum levels of IgA1-E2 together with IgA1-Pg than in BCP with low levels of these antibodies (68.8 vs 58.0 %, р=0.02). In contrast, tumors with Ki67>20,0 % were revealed less often in BCP with high levels of IgG2-E2 together with IgG2-Pg (49.6 vs 65.2 %, р=0.002). Tumors with high levels of Ki67 positive cells were revealed in 42.9 % BCP I stage and in 77.1 % BCP II –IV stages with high serum levels of IgA1-E2 and IgA1-Pg in combination with low serum levels of IgG2-E2 and IgG2-Pg (p

Abstract The inclusion of an additional U(1) gauge L μ − L τ symmetry would release the tension between the measured and the predicted value of the anomalous muon magnetic moment: this paradigm assumes the existence of a new, light Z′ vector boson, with dominant coupling to μ and τ leptons and interacting with electrons via a loop mechanism. The L μ − L τ model can also explain the Dark Matter relic abundance, by assuming that the Z′ boson acts as a “portal” to a new Dark Sector of particles in Nature, not charged under known interactions. In this work we present the results of the Z′ search performed by the NA64-e experiment at CERN SPS, that collected ~ 9 × 1011 100 GeV electrons impinging on an active thick target. Despite the suppressed Z′ production yield with an electron beam, NA64-e provides the first accelerator-based results excluding the g − 2 preferred band of the Z′ parameter space in the 1 keV < m Z ′ $$ {m}_{Z^{\prime }} $$ ≲ 2 MeV range, in complementarity with the limits recently obtained by the NA64-μ experiment with a muon beam.

The aim of the work was to study the epidemiological situation on West Nile fever (WNF) in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023.Materials and methods. An operational epidemiological analysis of WNF cases registered in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2023 was performed. In order to establish sources and risk factors for infection of the population, 987 samples of zoo-entomological material were examined for the presence of West Nile virus (WNV) markers. A set of laboratory diagnostic methods was used: ELISA, RT-PCR, sequencing.Results and discussion. It has been established that all cases of WNF were registered in the region in the summer-autumn period of 2023, mainly in August, among residents of the city of Kazan who had not traveled outside the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan over the past six months. The incidence rate of WNF in the Republic of Tatarstan was 0.20 per 100 thousand population, the mortality rate reached 12.5 %. Signs of damage to the central nervous system were present in 6 out of 8 (75 %) patients. The majority of people with severe clinical symptoms belonged to older age groups and had concomitant diseases. Cases of the infection were reported in all age groups, with the exception of children and adolescents. The spatial characteristics of morbidity have been investigated, indicating the diffuse nature of the distribution of cases. The integrated use of methods, consisting in the concurrent use of polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, made it possible to laboratory confirm cases of WNF in patients at different stages of the disease. The circulation of a subvariant of the WNV of the second genotype in the Republic of Tatarstan, currently dominant in the southern and central regions of Russia, has been established. A set of measures has been proposed to optimize epidemiological surveillance and control of WNF in the Republic of Tatarstan.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the analysis of the historical experience of the activities of the Yakut department of the Imperial Orthodox Palestine Society (IOPS), which contributed to identifying the characteristics of communications between the authorities and the Russian Orthodox Church, the clergy and believers, as well as identifying its educational and translation work. For the first time, the purpose of the research is to study the characteristics and role of the IOPS department in the history of Yakutia. The article uses materials from the periodical “Yakut Diocesan Gazette”: orders of the leadership of the IOPS, reports, lists of members, texts of bishops’ speeches, information on meetings, etc., as well as published letters of Bishop Dionysius. The article uses the methodology of intellectual history, civilizational approach, methods of cultural transfer and statistics. A fivefold increase in the number of the Yakut department of the IOPS by 1900 and the active involvement of the indigenous population in its composition amounting to 36 percent of the community were revealed. It has been established that despite the dispersed type of settlement, the absolute lack of roads and the widespread poverty of the Yakuts, the proportional amounts of donations on their part exceeded similar indicators in the center of Russia. The origin of the Yakut pilgrimage to Palestine and Greece is considered, which had a beneficial effect on the development of the intellectual and creative abilities of the pilgrims themselves. The influence of the IOPS on the genesis of imperial identity among indigenous peoples was determined, which for a long period allowed the Yakuts to resist the propaganda of exiles. We draw a conclusion on the role of the IOPS in the formation of the monarchical, conservative and anti-Zem movement of the Yakuts led by M. S. Shelomov by 1905, as a serious alternative to the liberal movement of the intelligentsia led by V. V. Nikiforov.

Purpose: Analysis of results of combined implantation of non­diffractive IOL with extended depth of focus and multifocal IOL.Materials and methods. The study included 40 patients (80 eyes) after cataract phacoemulsification or clear lens removal with a mean follow­up of 15.4 ± 1.2 (12–22) months. Women accounted for 60 % (n = 24) and men for 40 % (n = 16). 20 patients (40 eyes) with bilateral AcrySof IQ Vivity implantation formed the minimonovision group (group I), and 20 patients (40 eyes) with AcrySof IQ Vivity implantation in the dominant eye (n = 20) and Acrysof IQ Panoptix implantation in the non­dominant eye (n = 20) formed the group of mix­-and­-match implantation (group II).Results. At the maximum follow­up period of 3 months, UCNVA in group I was 0.61 ± 0.14, in group II — 0.82 ± 0.09 (p = 0.048), BCNVA — 0.66 ± 0.17 and 0.92 ± 0.14, respectively (p = 0.039). No significant differences were found between groups comparing UCIVA, BCIVA, UCDVA and BCDVA (p > 0.1), but slightly higher values were determined in patients after bilateral implantation of Acrysof IQ Vivity IOLs. In group I, 2 patients (10 %) had glare and 2 (10 %) had halo. Patients did not complain about difficulties in driving in the darkness. In 9 cases out of 20 (45 %) patients required spectacle correction for reading. In group II, adverse optical phenomena were identified in 7 patients (35 %), of which 4 patients (20 %) had glare and 3 (15 %) had halo. None of the patients required spectacle correction for reading. In both groups, 95 % of cases (19 patients) rated the surgical outcome as “excellent” and 5 % (1 patient) as “good”. Conclusion. For the first time in Russia, the results of combined (mix­-and­match) implantation of EDOF and trifocal IOLs in comparison with bilateral IOL implantation in presbyopic patients were analyzed. The advantage of combined implantation for achieving better near visual acuity and comparable incidence of adverse optical phenomena was shown.

Objective. To study the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in adult hospitalized patients after the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods. The prospective multicenter study included patients 18 years and older with confirmed diagnosis of CAP admitted to 6 hospitals in different regions of Russia from July to November 2023. Etiology was confirmed by respiratory samples (sputum, tracheal aspirate) culture, blood culture (severe cases), and urinary antigen tests (Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, Streptococcus pneumoniae). Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and common respiratory viruses were identified using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in respiratory samples. Qualitative PCR for S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae DNA tests were also applied. Results. Altogether 152 patients were enrolled, and significant CAP pathogens were identified in 96 (63%) cases; the median age of patients with verified etiology of CAP was 45 [34.8; 66] years, comorbidity index was 0.5 (0; 3.0) points. The most frequently detected pathogens were M. pneumoniae – 42 (44%), rhinovirus – 23 (24%), S. pneumoniae – 17 (18%) and SARS-CoV-2 – 13 (14%). Coinfection was registered in 22% of cases, the most common associations were M. pneumoniae + rhinovirus – 5 (3.3%), S. pneumoniae + rhinovirus – 3 (2%). Pneumococcal bacteremia was detected in 1 patient. In most patients CAP was non-severe; 17 (18%) patients required admission to the ICU. Hospital mortality was 7%. Conclusions. M. pneumoniae, respiratory viruses (mainly rhinovirus and SARS-CoV-2), and S. pneumoniae were the predominant CAP pathogens in hospitalized adults with CAP in the first months after the COVID-19 pandemiс. The use of an integrated approach to etiological diagnosis can significantly increase the proportion of patients with an established etiology of CAP.

With the help of the methodological base of the study (the foundations of probability theory and mathematical statistics), the processing of the experiment conducted at the research object is carried out. This object is the mechanical workshop of CJSC Sibgazstroydetal, which is engaged in providing for the needs of the gas, oil and energy industries. In this paper, the issue of determining the conductive low-frequency electromagnetic interference (EMI) by the coefficient of the n-th harmonic component of the voltage (K U(n) ) is studied in detail. Harmonic distortion is a constant phenomenon in electrical networks. Higher harmonics have a negative impact on the electrical network, including on electric consumers (reduced service life, productivity, etc.). The problem of non-sinusoidal voltages has been studied for quite a long time and the results obtained during these studies confirm the presence of a large number of damages to electricity consumers who are in operation. The probability of occurrence of conductive low-frequency EMF by K U(n) at the research site is determined. The paper analyzes the results obtained with the help of the conducted research. According to the results of the analysis, the relevant conclusions are presented.

The article presents the main provisions of the theory of functional modeling in relation to solving an important and relevant problem for the methodology of information security managing – the development of mathematical models characterizing the dynamic capabilities of malware to implement destructive effects on critical information infrastructure objects. As a result of the analysis of the models that pose a threat to information security through the use of malicious codes, such as the "chain of cyber intrusions", the "unified chain of cyber intrusions", the basic and advanced models of Diamond intrusion analysis, the ATT&CK model, an up-to-date version of the functional model in the IDEF0 notation of the process of malware destructive impact on the operating environment of a special-purpose automated control system was built. The process of malware exposure is decomposed into individual stages, tactics, and techniques. The purpose of the research was to develop a variant of the malware impact on a special-purpose automated control system as a method of violating the state of information security and its processes of the system under consideration. The obtained results are a tool for the formalized presentation of the described processes in terms of the Markov processes and the development of analytical models, appropriate temporal and probabilistic characteristics for quantitative assessment of the intruder's ability to implement threats to the information security state in special-purpose automated control systems, through the malware impact.