Search

The current study summarizes and analyzes new challenges to the sanitary protection of the Russian Federation related to the dynamics of the epidemiological situation in the countries of the world and trends in the structure of international passenger traffic.The aim is to improve approaches to reducing the risks of importation of dangerous infectious diseases based on development of additional criteria for dynamic assessment of epidemiological disadvantage in foreign countries and individualization of risk determination in relation to all in-coming flights.Materials and methods. The present-day epidemiological situation was analyzed using data from reports and periodicals of WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ministries of Health of the countries and scientific publications. Information on the structure of passenger traffic is provided according to the portal of the Unified Interagency Information and Statistical System (pre-pandemic period – 2018, first half of the year 2023). Statistics on transport communication was obtained from the public reports of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation and the Federal Air Transport Agency for 2022 and the first half of the year 2023. Information on the results of the sanitary-quarantine control (SQC) is presented according to the data logged in the automated information system “Perimeter”.Results and discussion. Taking into account the analyzed data in regard to the new threats to the system of sanitary protection of the territory of the Russian Federation, infections in the list of infectious diseases, requiring sanitary protection measures, should be differentiated into two categories based on the criteria of significance for implementation of SQC. A set of criteria, including retrospective analysis of morbidity, the presence of persistent conditions of stable circulation of the pathogen and the possibility of transmission from person to person in case of introduction into the territory of the Russian Federation, has been put forward for the most relevant medium-term assessment of the risk of importation. In addition, the increasing threats and challenges to sanitary protection dictate the need to use advanced information technologies within the framework of sanitary-quarantine control.

The paper describes the epidemiological situation in the countries of the world in terms of the incidence of Hantavirus diseases. The results of an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in the Russian Federation in 2023 by federal districts are presented and a forecast for 2024 is made. In 2023, 5 093 cases of HFRS were registered in the Russian Federation (3.47 per 100 thousand population). The incidence was reported in 7 out of 8 federal districts of the country. The age structure was dominated by people in the 30–59 age category (65.7 %); 247 cases of the disease were noted among children under 17 years of age. The proportion of the male population was 70.3 %. 63.2 % of the total number of cases was registered among the urban residents. The mortality rate was at the level of 0.49 % – 25 lethal outcomes. Analysis of the data has revealed a decrease in the incidence of HFRS in Russia by 27.2 % as compared to the previous year. However, the data from epizootiological monitoring and the results of laboratory research of field material indicate a continuing tense situation in the country as a whole. In a number of regions, a high risk of complications of the epidemiological situation is predicted (mainly, in the constituent entities of the Volga and Central Federal Districts). Moderate risks of developing local complications of the epidemiological situation at the level of long-term average morbidity are expected to be realized in the entities of the Northwestern, Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts. Sporadic cases of the disease in the territory of the Southern Federal District are not excluded. The aggravation of the situation on HFRS in the territory of the North-Caucasian and Siberian Federal Districts is not anticipated in 2024.

Sanitary and quarantine control (SQC) at the state border of the Russian Federation is the first barrier to the importation and subsequent spread of diseases on the territory of the country. Every year the number of registered outbreaks of infectious diseases in the countries of the world increases, which entails an increase in published information, some of which is unreliable and requires verification. At the same time, against the background of the development of international tourism, increase in passenger traffic, the risk of infectious diseases importation into the territory of Russia rises manifold, which creates the need for modernization of information and technical support of the SQC. In connection with the above, the aim of the work was to develop a scientifically substantiated system of informatization and digitalization of SQC, which resulted in the introduction of an automated risk assessment system as regards importation of dangerous infectious diseases (AIS “Perimeter”) at all sanitary-quarantine checkpoints (SQP). Materials and methods. The information system was created using the following software platforms: Laravel, VueJs. The official websites of the Ministries of Health of the respective countries, data from the official regional websites of WHO, regional centers for disease control and prevention (CDC), and data from the ProMED-mail system were used as sources of information on infectious morbidity in the countries of the world. Results and discussion. Implementation of AIS “Perimeter” has brought about the maximum possible efficiency in the targeted informing of SQP officials about the current epidemiological situation in the countries of the world; an effective tool for monitoring the situation at the federal level in real-time mode. It facilitates the work of SQP, staff related to conducting standard operational procedures, due to considerable decrease in the volume of routine activities to keep records. The proposed in the AIS expert risk assessment as regards importation of infectious diseases allows SQP employees, based on reliable information, to make timely decisions on the need to conduct SQC and exclude erroneous actions in the essential set of measures within the framework of SQC implementation, while minimizing subjectivity with respect to decision making.

The risk of importation of infectious diseases is an urgent threat to sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population, both at the level of individual countries and interstate associations, and globally. The territory of any country has a backdrop of hazards; therefore, the aim of the work was a comprehensive assessment of risk of infectious disease importation onto the territory of Russia for early and effective response to emerging biological threats. Materials and methods. We used information on the structure of passenger traffic and the number of persons arriving in Russia according to the portal of the Unified Interagency Information and Statistics System. The data on the incidence of infectious diseases which require measures on sanitary protection of the territory of Russia is provided according to the official regional websites of WHO, regional Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Ministries of Health of the respective countries. The risk of importation of infectious diseases was estimated in points in compliance with an original methodology developed with the participation of the authors. Results and discussion. We have determined the structure of the passenger traffic across the borders of Russia and the most relevant infectious diseases that pose a risk of importation, as well as the countries, from where the importation of infections is most likely to occur. It is outlined that importation of dengue fever and cholera from the Southeast Asian region, dengue from the Western Pacific region, cholera and malaria from the Eastern Mediterranean region, cholera, malaria and dengue from the American and African regions is most probable.

The aim of the study was to develop methodological approaches to assessing the economic damage associated with the incidence of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and to calculate the economic damage by the example of an outbreak of HFRS in the Saratov region in 2019. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the economic indicators of the Federal State Statistics Service; data on the incidence of HFRS in the Russian Federation for the period of 2019–2022. To calculate the cost of outpatient and inpatient medical care, as well as the costs associated with the medical follow-up of convalescents, the indicators of the Program of state guarantees of free provision of medical care to citizens for 2022 and for the scheduled period of 2023 and 2024 were used. The calculation of economic losses associated with the payment of temporary disability benefits was carried out according to the equation provided in the Federal Law No. 255-FZ dated December 29, 2006 (as amended on October 07, 2022). Economic losses associated with premature death at an economically active age were calculated based on the value of unproduced GDP due to lost years of life in the corresponding age group. Results and discussion. The costs of treatment, rehabilitation and payment of temporary disability benefits for 1 case of HFRS at the age of 0 to 56.5 years for the female population and from 0 to 61.5 years for the male population amount to 140 495 rubles; over the age of 56.5 years for the female population and 61.5 years for the male population – 95 412 rubles, respectively. Each fatal case of HFRS aged 0 to 16 years among the male population costs the state 38 976 231 rubles; among the female population – 34 708 331 rubles; in active working age – the value of economic damage varies depending on the age of the person who died of HFRS. The economic damage of the outbreak of HFRS in the Saratov Region (2019), taking into account the direct expenditures of the healthcare system and indirect losses of the country’s economy amounted to 441 453 432 rubles. It is of note that the structure of the main damage is dominated by indirect losses in the economy caused by the premature death of people in economically active age.

Background. In recent decades, practical psychology has been rapidly developing in the country. The market offers a wide variety of psychological services, while the problem of psychological security, distinguishing scientifically based practices from harmful influences, becomes especially relevant. This article is devoted to the scientific justification of counseling and coaching as types of socio-psychological assistance. Objective. The goal is to analyze and correlate the theoretical foundations and practice of psychological counseling and coaching. The article is aimed at studying the origins of these areas of practice and identifying the subject matter, goals and features of technologies of socio-psychological counseling and socio-psychological coaching. Results. Socio-psychological counseling and coaching are defined as professional activities aimed at helping a client solve his personal, interpersonal, group and organizational problems based on personal and social resources. The purpose of socio-psychological counseling is to increase the effectiveness of the client's interaction with oneself, with the environment and organizations. The purpose of socio-psychological coaching is to create effective ways to resolve subjectively significant situations of social interaction that lead to positive changes in the client's life and personality. Socio-psychological counseling and coaching allow one to help the client by developing socio-psychological competence. Conclusions. Socio-psychological counseling and socio-psychological coaching have their own subject, theoretical and methodological basis and represent types of psychological practice. Developing and borrowing methods and fields of application from each other, consulting and coaching are increasingly converging, sometimes to the point of blurring the differences completely. In the market of psychological services, counseling and coaching exist as separate professions and act as different services for clients.

Polymer-based dressings deriving from natural biomaterials have advantages such as nontoxicity, biocompatibility, and mechanical stability, which are essential for efficient wound healing and microbial infection diagnostics. Here, we designed a prototype of an intelligent hydrogel dressing on the base of bacterial cellulose (BC) for monitoring wound microbial infection due to the uploaded natural pH dye-sensor, anthocyanins (ANC) of elderberry fruit (Sambucus nigra L.). The highest sensor responses to bacterial metabolites for ANC immobilized to BC were observed at pH 5.0 and 6.0. The detection limit of the sensor signals was 3.45 A.U., as it was evaluated with a smartphone-installed application. The FTIR spectral analysis of the hybrid BC/ANC hydrogel films has proved the presence of anthocyanins within the BC matrix. Hybrid films differed from the control ones by thicker microfibrils and larger pores, as detected with scanning electron microscopy. Halochromic BC/ANC films exhibited antimicrobial activities mainly against gram-positive bacteria and yeast. They showed no cytotoxicity for the in vitro human cell lines and mouse fibroblasts within a selected range of anthocyanin concentrations released from the BC/ANC film/dressing prototype. Compared to the control, the in vitro healing test showed overgrowth of primary mouse fibroblasts after applying 0.024–2.4 µg/mL ANC.

Research objectives. To present an assessment of the socio-economic development of the municipality of the urban district «Usinsk». Methodology. The combined methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the socio-economic development of the MO GO «Usinsk» are used in the work. Results. For the most effective management, it is necessary to have sufficient information and identify various aspects of the development of the territory, its natural and climatic conditions, flora and fauna, the ecological situation, mineral resources and their location, the structure of the economy, the quality of the habitat. Therefore, the study of the socio-economic development of an urban district is particularly relevant and at the same time quite difficult, since when studying socio-economic development it is necessary to take into account all factors and indicators, analyze a huge amount of information. The scope of the results. Being the subject of interdisciplinary consideration, the subject of socio-economic development of the region (municipality) affects the objectives of the regional political activity of the state, since without taking into account the peculiarities of the region, it is impossible to manage all the processes of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation. Limitations / directions of future research. This study is not limited to a theoretical analysis of the issue; the significance of considering these issues requires further detailed consideration of them, since interest in them, especially if we consider the fact that the Usinsk Mine is part of the Arctic zone, is quite relevant. Conclusions. Consideration of socio-economic development is relevant, because the socio-economic development of municipalities is the key to the stable development of the Russian Federation.

The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis on the possible reason for the decrease in the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as a consequence of the high concentration of their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in the blood serum of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Material and methods. In the experimental part of the article, we used the blood serum of patients under observation in the clinic of the Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine. According to the content of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1С) in blood serum, the patients were divided into 3 groups: at the stage of compensation (6.0–6.5 % HbA1С), at the stage of subcompensation (6.6–7.0 % HbA 1С) and decompensation (> 7.0 % HbA1С). The activity of MMPs 2 and 7 in blood serum samples was measured by a fluorimetric method using a fluorescent substrate specific for these MMPs. The concentration of TIMP-1 (inhibitor of all non-membrane-bound MMPs) and TIMP-2 (active against MMP-2 and -7) in blood serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results and discussion. In patients with T2DM, the MMP-2 and -7 activities decreased, more pronouncedly at the stage of decompensation. An increase in the concentration of TIMP-1 was observed in the serum of all patients, while no significant changes in the content of TIMP-2 were found. At the stage of decompensation, a decrease in MMP activity was accompanied by a decrease in the content of insulin, C-peptide and a corresponding increase in the level of proinsulin. An inverse correlation was found between the concentrations of TIMP-1 and insulin in patients at the stage of decompensation of T2DM. It is assumed that the activity of MMP-2 and -7, in comparison with their inhibitors, forms stronger correlations with the parameters of carbohydrate metabolism.

European whitefish ( Coregonus lavaretus) is a highly polymorphic species, but the wider scale diversity and distribution of sympatric morphs in subarctic lakes of northwestern Russia has not been recently studied and analyzed. The aim of the present study was to investigate diversity and distribution of whitefish morphs in different sized lakes and watercourses of Murmansk region. Our study of the water bodies in four major river basins of Murmansk region revealed the presence of two whitefish morphs: sparsely rakered (further sr) and medium rakered ( mr). The mr morph is less common and observed only alongside the sr whitefish. In general, in sr whitefish the number of gill rakers ranges between 15 and 31, and in mr whitefish between 27 and 44. Among whitefishes with 27 to 31 gill rakers, both sr and mr morphs were observed and distinguishable by the shape of the rakers. In the studied sr whitefish populations, relatively long and short rakered whitefish morphs were found. In Lake Kuetsyarvi (Pasvik River basin), the sr and mr whitefish formed additional slow- and fastgrowing ecological morphs. The four whitefish morphs in Lake Kuetsyarvi specialize to different ecological niches correlating with morphological and behavioral differences. The observed diversity and distribution of whitefish in the Murmansk region requires genetic studies of the population to assess the origins of divergence.

The article presents the results of a study of synthesis and accumulation of heptyl in plants growing on soil contaminated with rocket fuel. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions of al-Farabi Kazakh National University. The results of the experiments confirmed that certain concentrations of a rocket fuel-heptyl (unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine, UDMH) are not toxic for the crested wheatgrass, Agropyron pectiniforme Roem.et Schult., Kentucky bluegrass, Poa pratensis L., and tarragon, Artemisia terraе-albaе Krasch., although they can cause anatomical and morphological changes in the roots and leaves of plants grown on soil contaminated with UDMH. Changes in the morphological structure of plants under the influence of UDMH (in particular, in the outer tissue that protects the plant organs from drying out, temperature effects, mechanical damage and other adverse factors) can lead to an imbalance in water metabolism and gas exchange, a deterioration in the absorption and release of water, and the cessation of intake from the soil of both beneficial and harmful substances.

The article presents a specific methodology for forensic commodity examination of food products: expert analysis of canned meat and meat-containing products made of different raw materials. On a specific example from expert practice – conduct of a forensic commodity examination of a consignment of 12600 cans of meat product “beef stew” – the author shows the research program and its stages: sampling, establishment of the commodity affiliation of goods, analysis of the actual characteristics (markings, consumer packaging) of the tested products and verification of their compliance with the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation; measurement of quantitative indicators of products; examination of the submitted laboratory tests protocols.

Background and Aim: It is known that metabolic disturbances in the animal body negatively affect parturition, uterine involution, and, ultimately, fertility, especially in cows, during the first insemination. Although the method of diet optimization with the use of a software package results in positive outcomes, adjustment is required for certain groups of animals (e.g., cows), in accordance with the period of the year. Every year, in the spring and autumn, blood is taken from animals to detect metabolic disorders, and then either the diet is balanced or, if the cows lack vitamins and minerals, they are administered to cows parenterally or with food. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of using carotene-containing preparation in the prevention of postpartum complications in cows. Materials and Methods: Before the start of the experiment, blood was collected from the animals of the experimental and control groups, with ten animals in each group, and its serum was examined for the presence of carotene. Low carotene content was found in the serum of all animals (from 0.2 to 0.25 mg%) with the norm within the range of 0.40-0.62 mg%. The cows of the experimental group were injected subcutaneously with the carotene-containing preparation 30, 20, and 10 days before the expected calving date at a dose of 10 mL per head. The carotene-containing preparation was a solution of crystalline β-carotene substance in deodorized sunflower oil. Moreover, the share of β-carotene was at least 0.18%. The drug was administered intramuscularly into the rump. Results: In the postpartum period, the retention of the placenta was observed in two animals of the control group. The uterine involution in the cows of the control group was 16.0 (p

Knowledge about the distribution of living organisms on the Earth is quite important for many branches of the biological sciences and for the deeper understanding of the surrounding world. However, much of the existing distributional data are scattered throughout a multitude of sources, such as taxonomic publications, checklists and natural history collections and often, bringing them together is difficult. Development of the digital storage facilities may prevent loss of important data (Ruchin et al. 2020). Project GBIF is a good example of a successful data storage facility, which allows investigators to publish biodiversity data in one safe place in one uniform format. Our data set describes degree of the investigation of the fish fauna of the inland water of the Murmansk region. Murmansk region is a Euro-Arctic region with heterogeneous landscape, which determines diversity of the habitats for the fish occurrence. Our data set contains valid information about distribution of the fish’s species. This data set was built upon information obtained by the members of a Laboratory of the aquatic ecosystems of Institute of North Industrial Ecology Problems of Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Science (INEP KSC RAS). Data set includes 18,509 records about 16 fish’s species from 14 genera (8 families) collected from 1972 to 2021. Total of 67 waterbodies from 15 different basins (rivers from basins of the White and Barents seas) was screened in order to characterize ichthyocenoses. The main purpose of publishing a database is to make our data available in the global biodiversity system to a wide range of users. The data can be used by researchers, as well as helping the authorities to manage their territory more efficiently.All occurrences are published in GBIF for the first time. We would like to make this data available to everyone by adding it in the global biodiversity database (GBIF).

The variety of clinical manifestations and the absence of strictly specific features make tuberculosis and toxocariasis difficult to diagnose and treat. Doctors of various specialties are engaged in the diagnosis of toxocariasis, depending on which organ system is affected in a person and with whatsymptoms he turned to a medical institution.Purpose: to describe the case of detecting toxocariasis in a child who was treated in a tuberculosis hospital from a bacillary family contact with pronounced indicators of immunological tests and revealed changes during CT scan of the chest organs.A complex differential diagnostic path and constant medical supervision made it possible to establish a rather rare disease - toxocariasis in a child from family contact with a patient with tuberculosis.Conclusion. In the differential diagnostic series in patients withtuberculosis, the presence of parasitic diseases with a similar clinical and radiological picture cannot be excluded.

BackgroundThe overload of healthcare systems around the world and the danger of infection have limited the ability of researchers to obtain sufficient and reliable data on psychopathology in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The relationship between severe acute respiratory syndrome with the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and specific mental disturbances remains poorly understood.AimTo reveal the possibility of identifying the typology and frequency of psychiatric syndromes associated with acute COVID-19 using cluster analysis of discrete psychopathological phenomena.Materials and MethodsDescriptive data on the mental state of 55 inpatients with COVID-19 were obtained by young-career physicians. Classification of observed clinical phenomena was performed with k-means cluster analysis of variables coded from the main psychopathological symptoms. Dispersion analysis with p level 0.05 was used to reveal the clusters differences in demography, parameters of inflammation, and respiration function collected on the basis of the original medical records.ResultsThree resulting clusters of patients were identified: (1) persons with anxiety; disorders of fluency and tempo of thinking, mood, attention, and motor-volitional sphere; reduced insight; and pessimistic plans for the future (n = 11); (2) persons without psychopathology (n = 37); and (3) persons with disorientation; disorders of memory, attention, fluency, and tempo of thinking; and reduced insight (n = 7). The development of a certain type of impaired mental state was specifically associated with the following: age, lung lesions according to computed tomography, saturation, respiratory rate, C-reactive protein level, and platelet count.ConclusionAnxiety and/or mood disturbances with psychomotor retardation as well as symptoms of impaired consciousness, memory, and insight may be considered as neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and should be used for clinical risk assessment.

Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic was announced by WHO in February 2020. In the Kaliningrad region, the first case (imported) was registered in early March 2020, the beginning of the epidemic increase fell on the 14th week. 2020, and the peak incidence was reached in the 22nd week of the year, after which there was a steady decrease in the number of cases. The study of population immunity was carried out at the 32nd week during the period of the lowest level of intensity of the epidemic process.Purpose of the study. Assessment of the assessment of the level of population immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus among the population of the Kaliningrad region during the period of the epidemic incidence of the population of COVID-19.Materials and methods. The study was carried out as part of the first stage of the Rospotrebnadzor program to assess population immunity to SARS-CoV-2 among the population of the Russian Federation. The selection of volunteers for the study was carried out by a questionnaire survey and subsequent randomization. The analysis includes the results of a survey of 2675 people. The number of volunteers in age groups ranged from 314 to 493 people. The results obtained were processed by the methods of variation statistics.Results. The results obtained showed that the average seroprevalence in the population was 50.2%, while the highest seroprevalence was found in the child age group 1-17 years (66.9%) and among persons aged 18-29 (57.0). No significant gender differences were found (men – 48,3 ± 1,6%, women – 51,1 ± 1,1%). The distribution of the proportion of seropositive people in the settlements of the region varied from 33,9% to 59.6%. The largest share of seroprevalence in the representative samples was found among people engaged in art / creativity (55,3%), the smallest – among educational workers (42,0%). Among COVID-19 convalescents, the level of humoral immunity reached 94,6%. Most of the seropositive volunteers (95,2%) did not have any symptoms of COVID-19, that is, they belonged to the category of asymptomatic carriers.Output. The results of a survey of a representative cohort of volunteers in the Kaliningrad region showed that they are characterized by a high level of population immunity, which makes it possible to expect a decrease in.

N.A. Nashivochnikova1, V.N. Krupin1, S.Yu. Zubova2, V.E. Leanovich3 1Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation 2N.A. Semashko Nizhniy Novgorod Regional Clinical Hospital, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russian Federation 3JSC "Akvion", Moscow, Russian Federation Aim: to assess the effect of "Pregnoton" food supplement on pelvic venous hemodynamics in women with pelvic congestion syndrome, risk of urogenital infection recurrences during preparing for pregnancy, and sperm motility in the female genital tract. Patients and Methods: the study enrolled 87 women with recurrent cystitis (disease duration 1–5 years) secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome. Sixty-two women received "Pregnoton" to improve pelvic venous tone and prevent detrusor muscle ischemia. Later, pregnancy occurred in 20 women included in the study group. The control group included 25 women with recurrent cystitis secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome who did not receive "Pregnoton". Sperm motility was evaluated by postcoital test. In addition, pain severity, chronic cystitis recurrence rate, and pelvic venous hemodynamics were assessed. Results: women who received "Pregnoton" reported significant pain reduction during the pregnancy (from 6.3 to 3.1 points by pain scale) compared to control group women who reported more severe pain (from 5.8 to 7.8 points). In addition, improvement of pelvic venous hemodynamics (associated with further reduction in inflammation of the lower urinary tract) was detected in the study group. The therapeutic efficacy of preparation for pregnancy in women with recurrent cystitis secondary to pelvic congestion syndrome was 90% in the study group. Exacerbations of chronic cystitis were identified in two women (10%) of the study group and ten women (40%) of the control group. Conclusion: preparation for pregnancy in women with chronic recurrent cystitis and pelvic congestion syndrome using complex "Pregnoton" improves hemodynamics, lab test results, and clinical signs of bladder inflammation and reduces pain severity. Keywords: food supplement, pelvic congestion syndrome, cystitis, preparation for pregnancy, treatment. For citation: Nashivochnikova N.A., Krupin V.N., Zubova S.Yu., Leanovich V.E. Complex preparation for pregnancy of women with chronic recurrent cystitis and pelvic congestion syndrome. Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health. 2022;5(1):11–17 (in Russ.). DOI: 10.32364/2618-8430-2022-5-1-11-17.

Aim. The article is devoted to the study of pathomorphological features of fetal liver and newborns affected by chronic intrauterine hypoxia, which developed against maternal hypertension. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on liver preparations of 18 fetuses and newborns from mothers with physiological pregnancy (group I) and 36 fetuses and newborns from mothers with stage II hypertension (group II) at the age of 37 weeks of gestation - the 1st day of postnatal life. In each case, three fragments were excised from the liver, and then the material was fixed in 10 % formalin solution. Formalin-fixed tissue compaction was achieved by conducting, through alcohols, increasing concentrations, celloidin, chloroform, and paraffin embedding. From the prepared blocks for serial color serial sections with a thickness of 4–5 microns were prepared. Micropreparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuxin by the van Gizon method, and by the Mallory method. The diameter of the hepatocytes and their nuclei, NPP, were calculated, and the number of single and double-nucleated hepatocytes was calculated. The material was studied on an «Olympus BX-41» microscope with a digital camera. Results. The results of our study showed that the influence of chronic intrauterine hypoxia on the background of stage II hypertension led to the development of destructive-dystrophic changes in the liver tissue of the fetus and newborn. Structural and functional disorders, in turn, led to the activation of cellular regeneration mechanisms. In group II, the recovery of structural and functional integrity of the liver occurred due to an increase in the number of double-nucleated hepatocytes and manifested by an increase in their number almost 2-fold. Conclusions. During the study of pathomorphological features of fetal liver and newborns it was found that stage II hypertension in the mother leads to the development of significant destructive-dystrophic changes in the tissue of fetal liver and newborns. The diameter of hepatocytes of fetuses and newborns of group II was significantly increased compared with group I (24.3 ± 2.4 μm and 18.71 ± 2.8 μm, respectively). The number of hepatocytes in the field of view in the fetuses and newborns of group II significantly decreased compared with group I (214.8 ± 22.80 and 268.1 ± 24.11 cells, respectively). The ratio of the number of binucleate hepatocytes to the number of binucleate hepatocytes in fetuses and newborns of group II compared to group I increased 2.5 times (0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.03 ± 0.02, respectively)

The article describes the activities of the student scientific society of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, which includes an anatomical scientific group working at the Department of Human Anatomy of the Medical Faculty, as well as the purpose and objectives of student science in the study of program disciplines of higher education knowledge of the future profession of a morphologist. Describes the research activities of the department, conducting basic research in the field of scientific topics in human anatomy, morphology, surgery, ophthalmology, immunology, clinical pharmacology. The article aims to acquaint with the problems of biopsy diagnostics in a modern clinic and the possibilities of pathological anatomical laboratories in the introduction of new research methods in the practice of physicians, which include morphological studies of biopsy diagnostic, surgical material using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical, molecular biological, electron micrometric and other methods. The article shows the progress of medical technologies, which emphasize the importance of visual examinations of previously inaccessible parts of the body, emphasizes the fateful role of a pathomorphologist, who must work with drugs of impeccable quality and be absolutely sure of the reliability of the result each histochemical reaction. The article analyzes the sections of clinical disciplines in the specialty of diagnostician, which allow the pathologist to morphologically assess the narrow and complex sections of pathological anatomical diagnosis, which introduces students to the basics of pathological and anatomical services and types of morphological research in the clinic. The main purpose of the student scientific society is emphasized, which is to foster a creative approach to research, as well as to promote the development and promotion of medical science among students.

Introduction. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease among children of the first year of life, especially children born prematurely with extremely low and very low body weight. Material and methods. To estimate the number of children born alive in the Perm Territory between 2015 and 2017, official statistics data were used. Experimental epidemiological studies were used to assess safety, reactogenicity, immunogenic activity, and preventive efficacy of the Prevnar 13 vaccine when immunizing preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia under prospective controlled randomized clinical observation. Results. There were 29 premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia under observation, the control group comprised 29 unvaccinated premature infants with BPD and 30 full-term infants. The PCV 13 vaccination of preterm infants with BPD established good tolerance, poor reactogenicity (17.2±0.57%), and vaccine tolerance like full-term infants (16.5±0.55%), high safety profile, high immunogenic properties (seroconversion – 93.1%, seroconversion factor – 5.5). Evaluation of immunogenic activity among children with BPD vaccinated with the PCV 13 vaccine revealed high immunological efficacy compared to unvaccinated healthy children. Conclusion. The need for vaccination of premature babies with BDL against pneumococcal infection has been scientifically substantiated. The study has confirmed safety, poor reactogenicity, high immunogenic activity, and preventive efficacy of the Prevenar 13 vaccine among premature babies with BDL under the conditions of the catamnesis department of the perinatal center within the follow-up monitoring of vaccinated infants over three years.

The authors examine the origins of the Upper Taz Selkups based on craniology and dental anthropology. They are one of the least studied groups of the indigenous population of Western Siberia. Judging by historical and ethnolinguistic data, the Northern Selkups moved to the Upper Taz region in the 17th – 18th century. Anthropological materials of the Northern Selkups were first obtained only in 2013 and 2016 during the excavations of Kikki-Akki burial ground. Recorded according to archaeological data, the burial rite has direct analogies in Southern Selkups burial grounds of the 17th – 18th centuries, with the exception of the selected individual features of the Eastern Khanty traditions. The craniological sample from Kikki-Akki burial includes 21 skulls – 13 males and 8 females. The dental sample includes the teeth of 22 individuals – 10 male, 6 female and 6 children. During the study the authors examined the anthropological materials based on the method of description of dental and cranial morphology, performed statistical integration. Characteristics of the series were compared with the obtained data of West Siberian near-recent samples. The analysis of the data shows that the Vakh Khanty represent the closest analogy to the series from Kikki-Akki, but the female part of the craniological sampling has a strong resemblance to the groups of the Southern Selkups. The results confirm the available historical and ethnolinguistic data on their formation due to the resettlement of a part of the Southern Selkup group from the Ob River Basin to the north, i.e. to the upper reaches of the Taz River. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the Selkup appearance changed quite a lot in a short period of time (200–300 years) that passed since their migration. The Northern Selkups acquired a significant resemblance to the Vakh Khanty – the only population with which the Selkups could maintain marital relations during their resettlement from the Middle Ob River to the Taz River.

The relevance of research is connected with the effective use of drained land in the face of climate change. Goal. To determine the optimum fertilizer system and to study its effectiveness on the fertility of sod-podzolic soil in short–term rotation: soybean – winter wheat – sunflower – buckwheat. Methods. Research was conducted in the field and performed within the framework of the three-year experiment. Yield was calculated by weighing method. The humus balance in the soil was performed according to the method of Lykov (1976). Results. During the vegetation periods of 2016–2019, the sunflower was the least responsive to the soil-air drought, which, on the recommended standard N60P60K90 background, combined with 40 t/ha of manure and the increased rate N90P90K135 and 4.0 tonnes of precursor by-products provided seed yield levels 2.3 and 2.4 t/ha respectively. The maximum harvest produce from 1 ha of crop rotation area is marked on a raised background (N62P84K96 + 3.3 tonnes of by-products) – 3.20 tonnes of grain units. Conclusions. An alternative fertilizer system (replacement of 10 tons of manure per 1 ha of arable land by 3.3 tons of byproducts on the mineral fertilizers background) provided a positive balance of nutrients and humus in short-term rotation. Prospects. Further scientific studies expect to reduce the amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers that provided by the by-products plowing of all crops in rotation.

Background. There is evidence that sleep disorders may be significantly linked to the development of the substance use disorders (SUD). However, data about the prevalence of the sleep disturbances among patients with SUD in Russia are relatively limited.Aim. To evaluate the frequency of the sleep disturbances among patients (n = 196) with alcohol (ÀD, n = 102), opioid (ÎD, n = 55) and polysubstance dependence (PD, n = 39) seeking addiction medical care.Materials and methods. We conduct a cross-sectional study of sleep disturbances among patients in St. Petersburg in 2017–2018. The modified Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was administered to assess sleep during different periods of time: lifetime, the past 12 months, and the past 30 days.Results. All groups demonstrated relatively high presence of different sleep disorders (range: 49.0–76.5% among 196). The sleep disturbances over the past 30 days were more common in the AD group (60.8– 73.5% among 102) with the early morning awakening as the most frequent complaint. In the PD group the prevalence of lifetime sleep disturbances was high (94.9–100.0% among 39), whereas insomnia disorders were relatively rare over the past 30 days. However, it was sleep disturbances over the past 30 days that were statistically significantly more often (p < 0,05) observed in the group of patients who actively consume narcotic substances (40.2–87.2%), compared with the group of patients in remission (0–16.7%).Conclusion. The results demonstrated the high prevalence of insomnia among patients with SUD and suggested that the remission have a positive effect on the symptoms of sleep disorders. Further studies of the association between sleep disturbances and SUD progression are needed.

The objective of the study: to develop a number of organizational measures aimed to improve the effectiveness of early detection and prevention of respiratory tuberculosis among the population including people living with HIV (PLHIV) exposed to tuberculosis infection.Subjects and methods. The authors used data of 34 patients suffering from chronic respiratory tuberculosis residing in Saransk; they all had bacterial excretion and were monitored in the TB dispensary in 2015; also, data of 198 respiratory tuberculosis patients residing in Saransk in 2014-2015 were used, these data were obtained from Rosstat Form No. 33 and reporting forms of Edict no. 50 of the Ministry of Health of Russia. For all patients, gender, age, year of birth, address of actual residence (street, house number) are indicated. For the analysis, statistical and cartographic analysis based on geographic information systems (GIS) was used as well as data on the number and density of the population in Saransk, and the type of development in each district of the city. The cartographic web service of OpenStreetMap (OSM) was used as a cartographic basis.Results. The use of a cartographic method based on GIS allowed expanding the concept of a tuberculous nidus setting up buffer zones, within which tuberculosis infection also spread as a result of accidental exposure of population to the source of infection. Use of the cartographic method demonstrated that within the buffer zones for 1 patient with chronic respiratory tuberculosis with MTB+ there were 4 new tuberculosis patients. To reduce this ratio, multi-level comprehensive organizational measures were developed aimed at the early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis among population, including PLHIV residing near infection nidi.

Humankind has entered a new era of space exploration: settlements on other planetary bodies are foreseen in the near future. Advanced technologies are being developed to support the adaptation to extraterrestrial environments and, with a view on the longer term, to support the viability of an independent economy. Biological processes will likely play a key role and lead to the production of life-support consumables, and other commodities, in a way that is cheaper and more sustainable than exclusively abiotic processes. Microbial communities could be used to sustain the crews’ health as well as for the production of consumables, for waste recycling, and for biomining. They can self-renew with little resources from Earth, be highly productive on a per-volume basis, and be highly versatile—all of which will be critical in planetary outposts. Well-defined, semi-open, and stress-resistant microecosystems are particularly promising. An instance of it is kombucha, known worldwide as a microbial association that produces an eponymous, widespread soft drink that could be valuable for sustaining crews’ health or as a synbiotic (i.e., probiotic and prebiotic) after a rational assemblage of defined probiotic bacteria and yeasts with endemic or engineered cellulose producers. Bacterial cellulose products offer a wide spectrum of possible functions, from leather-like to innovative smart materials during long-term missions and future activities in extraterrestrial settlements. Cellulose production by kombucha is zero-waste and could be linked to bioregenerative life support system (BLSS) loops. Another advantage of kombucha lies in its ability to mobilize inorganic ions from rocks, which may help feed BLSS from local resources. Besides outlining those applications and others, we discuss needs for knowledge and other obstacles, among which is the biosafety of microbial producers.

Tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.) are phenol-accumulating crops that are widely used for public health. The healing effect of tea leaf products is due to the biosynthesis of such phenolic compounds (PCs) as flavans, which have P-vitamin capillary-strengthening activity. Due to their limited habitat and the value of their specialized metabolites of a phenolic nature, a promising approach is to establish in vitro cultures from them that retain the ability to form PCs, which is characteristic of ex vivo tea plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenic H2O2 (0.01 mM; 0.1 mM; 1 mM) on the growth, morphology, degree of stress response, and accumulation of various phenolic compounds in tea plant callus cultures of different ages (24 or 36 days) grown under different cultivation conditions (darkness or light). According to the results obtained, the H2O2 effect on tea callus cultures of different ages did not cause changes in their morphophysiological characteristics, both after 2 h of exposure (rapid response of callus culture, RRCC) and after 48 h (delayed response of callus culture, DRCC). The determination of the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, which serves as an indicator of changes in the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the presence of stress responses in plant cells, indicated either its maintenance at the control level, a decrease, or an increase. All these effects depended on the growth conditions of the tea callus cultures (darkness or light), their age, the duration of exposure (rapid or delayed response), and the H2O2 concentration. Similar trends were noted for the total content of PCs as well as the amount of flavans, proanthocyanidins (soluble and insoluble forms), and lignin. The plant cell responses reflected changes in its adaptation programs, when specialized metabolites act as a target for the action of H2O2, thereby contributing to an increase in their resistance.

One of the global problems is environmental pollution by different biowaste. To solve the problem, biowaste must be recycled. Waste-free technology is also a way of saving exhaustible raw materials. Research on electrochemical energy sources is currently the most dynamically developing area of off-grid energy. Electrochemical capacitors can operate for a long time without changing performance, they have smaller dimensions, high mechanical strength, and a wide operating temperature range. These properties are effective energy-saving devices. Therefore, supercapacitors are widely used in various industries. This review discussed the methods of obtaining and the characteristics of biowaste-derived activated carbon and carbon–manganese oxide (AC-MnO2)-based supercapacitor electrodes.

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of the pharmaceutical substation nettle dioecious on the growth and development of calves of black-and-white breed. The aim of the work was to establish the optimal dose of the administered pharmaceutical substation nettle dioecious to increase the growth and development of calves of black-and-white breed. The use of medicinal plants in veterinary practice helps to reduce the mortality of young animals, reduces the cost of expensive chemotherapy drugs, reduces the price of livestock products. However, the correct preparation and storage of herbal medicinal raw materials requires special conditions, so the use of concentrated extracts, to some extent can solve this problem. The inclusion of pharmaceutical substances in the diet in order to increase productivity and increase resistance of animals is the main direction of replacing antibiotic therapy. This will increase the environmental value of livestock products. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on the calf farm of the head of the Peasant (farmer) farm “Baranov Alexander Yurievich” of the Yurga district, Kemerovo region on 6 groups of calves, 6 heads each. The results of the study showed that the introduction of the pharmacy of nettle dioecious at a dose of 10 mg/kg per head per day contributed to an increase in body weight of calves, an increase in live weight and 100% safety of livestock. Conclusion. The method and dose of administration of the pharmaceutical substation nettle dioecious, positively affecting the growth and development of calves.

Our main interest in this article is the study of homogenized limit of a parabolic equation with a nonlinear dynamic boundary condition of the micro-scale model set on a domain with periodically place particles. We focus on the case of particles (or holes) of critical diameter with respect to the period of the structure. Our main result proves the weak convergence of the sequence of solutions of the original problem to the solution of a reaction-diffusion parabolic problem containing a "strange term". The novelty of our result is that this term is a nonlocal memory solving an ODE. We prove that the resulting system satisfies a comparison principle.

Aim. To identify the risk factors for bleeding of BARC scale 2-5 types in patients after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. The data of 1502 patients from the open multicenter study, ORACUL II, were used — 894 men (59,5%) and 608 women (40,5%), mean age — 65,7±12,9 years. Five hundred sixty (37,3%) patients had ACS with ST-segment elevation and 942 (62,7%) — ACS without ST-segment elevation. Bleeding was recorded in 164 patients (10,9%), including index admission — in 39 (2,6%) patients, of which severe (types 3-5) — 0,5%, significant — 1,7% (types 2-5).Results. Within a year after discharge, bleeding was observed in 126 (8,4%) patients, large — 0,8%, significant — 2,4%. The development of bleeding type 2-5 was associated with the presence of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, gastrointestinal bleeding in history, decreased creatinine, hemoglobin clearance, age of patients, the use of anticoagulants in the composition of triple or double antithrombotic therapy, conducting of percutaneous interventional procedures, the presence of heart failure 2-4 Killip class at admission. ROC analysis showed that the predictive value of the ORACLE bleeding risk scale is 0,762, sensitivity — 62%, specificity — 78%.Conclusion. Thus, we based on routine clinical practice have created a simple scale for assessing the risk of bleeding in patients with ACS.

The article deals with current problems of Eurointegration process in the field of land management education. The need for changes in the field of higher education in the process of teaching disciplines of land management specialities is proved, taking into account the importance of raising students’ knowledge level to develop a consciousness of the European values unity and provide future employment, including the European labor market. The purpose of the article is to develop approaches and principles of educational process, as well as the activities of higher educational institutions in general in order to increase the level of students’ knowledge and develop essential professional skills and social involvement in European processes in the field of land management. A method of scientific analysis, synthesis and generalization of current national and European approaches to teaching land management disciplines to students is used in the article. As a result of the research it was established that a comprehensive approach should be applied to teaching discipline. It includes introduction of new disciplines or subjects on European principles of land management into educational process; conducting scientific research in this area; cooperation with other educational institutions, and representatives of the StateGeoCadastre bodies, land management organizations; as well as free dissemination of scientific research. The material presented in this article is the foundation for organizing and improving the educational process in the field of land management education.

The article presents the main methods of diagnosis and control of the bovine leukemia virus currently used. The wide spread of the disease is due to a fairly easy transmission of the virus, the lack of early diagnosis, vaccination and treatment. Therefore, the problem of the spread of leukemia virus in cattle is very acute and is a pressing issue in animal husbandry, which requires a speedy solution. The purpose of the work was to improve the herd of cattle from leukemia virus through a set of measures. The studies were conducted in the peasant farm individual entrepreneur V.D. Zinchenko of the Kemerovo region on the black-and-white cattle. Measures to combat VLKRS consisted in the identification of sick and infected animals during routine diagnostic studies and their further exclusion from the herd. The results of the study showed a positive trend in the release of the herd from leukemia virus. Separate content of RID + animals, isolated breeding of heifers (from the number of offspring from sick and infected cows) for their phased replacement and further inclusion in a healthy herd, gives a significant reduction in the number of virus carriers and sick animals.

Aim. To analyze possible association of the risk of adverse outcomes development in patients post acute coronary episode (ACS), with the polymorphism of gene TNF. Material and methods. To the study, patients included, that were under observation in 2 registry studies ORACLE I and II (Exacerbation of coronary heart disease: logic-probability ways of course prediction and treatment optimization). In overall, 2012 ACS patients assessed. Mean age 64,7±12,69 y.o. There were 1205 males (59,8%) and 807 females (40,2%). 741 patients (36,8%) included with ST elevation ACS, 1271 (63,2%) — with non-ST elevation ACS. Follow-up started at the 10th day from clinical stabilization. Clinical outcomes were gathered based on phone calls with the patients and their relatives, as during the outpatient office visits. Assessment of polymorphisms of gene TNF done with PCR.Results. In the assessed group, the frequency of alleles and gene TNF genotypes were measured: 18 patients carried genotype АА (0,9%), 561 patients — AG (279%), 1433 — GG (71,2%). In those with the allele А gene TNF, more commonly the episodes of SCD were noted (9,8% comparing to 6,6% of GG carriers, p

The article discusses the possibilities of using electronic educational resources in mathematics lessons in elementary school for the implementation of an activity-based approach to education. On the example of one of the video lessons, methods of organizing an active search activity of younger schoolchildren in teaching mathematics are demonstrated. One of the regularities is the following: "The development of a student occurs only in activity, and the more active the activity, the more successful it is to move forward in development." Coordination of the organization of the educational process with the above regularity presupposes the role of the student in it not so much as an object, but as a subject of activity. Thus, the concept of an activity-based approach to education consists in organizing subject-subject relations, in rethinking the role of a student as a subject of education and the role of a teacher as an organizer of student activities. Currently, a lot of electronic educational resources (EER) have been developed that have the ability to organize active educational activities of younger schoolchildren in the classroom: video lessons, electronic games, tests for self-examination. However, teachers do not always realize such opportunities. Observations show that often, both in face-to-face and distance learning, the use of EER is limited only to their demonstration, without further analysis. At best, students perform the proposed tasks according to the model given, for example, in the video lesson. This significantly reduces the effectiveness of the implementation of the activity approach to learning.

The article discusses the possibilities of organizing continuity in solving problems between the initial and basic secondary levels of education, only two lines of organizing succession are touched upon - this is a unified approach to compiling a brief record of the problem (content analysis) and a unified approach to finding a way to solve the problem. The generalized ability to solve problems is the most important cognitive universal action, since it allows you to solve not only objective problems (mathematical, linguistic, physical, etc.), but also to solve problems that arise in life. Modeling the process of solving a problem allowed us to establish that the discovery by students of the relationship between different ways of solving one problem, structures of different types of problems is possible if conditions are created in which students will be forced to perform comparison, analysis, modeling, generalization, that is, to actively use thinking, not memory. Therefore, we offer our own way of maintaining continuity in learning to solve problems at the primary and secondary levels of education. The proposed unified approach to the analysis of the content of the problem, the result of which will be a compiled short note, allows students to form a generalized ability to analyze the content of the problem and find a way to solve it.

Aim. To compare the diagnostic value of different bleeding risk scales in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Material and methods. The study included 1502 patients with ACS from the observational, open-label, multicenter trial ORACUL II. The mean age was 65,7±12,9 years. At follow-up visits (hospital discharge, 25, 90, 180 and 360 days from the index event), all cases of bleeding were recorded with a description of bleeding characteristics, source, severity, treatment, and classification according to the BARC, TIMI, and ISTH scales.Results. During the follow-up period, bleeding was recorded in only 170 (11,3%) patients: within the index hospitalization — in 39 (2б6%), within a year after the index hospitalization — in 131 (8,6%). In 19 (1,2%) patients, recurrent bleeding at several visits was recorded. In comparison with such scores as CRUSADE, ACTION-ICU, ACUITY, PARIS, the ORACUL scale had the highest predictive value in relation to the in-hospital bleeding risk. The only scale with comparable diagnostic value was the BleeMACS score. It should be noted that the ORBIT and HASBLED scores had a lower predictive value for the in-hospital bleeding risk. In general, all scores were better at predicting major bleeding and slightly worse for clinically relevant ones.Conclusion. The ORACUL scale seems to be the most acceptable tool for assessing the bleeding risk in patients after ACS in actual clinical practice in Russia.

The purpose of this article is to solve the problem of determining the cost of a water resource for the participants of the water-economic complex (WEC) on the basis of the optimal control of hydro power plants’ (HPP) functioning, taking into account their regime characteristics and requirements. In this work, a universal method, which combines an optimization method and a method for assessing marginal utility, was proposed to assess the cost of the hydro resource and control the operating modes of the WEC. The method developed by the authors involves the use of water balance, the adequate representation of the incremental rate characteristic and the determination of the cost of the hydro resource for the control of the operating modes of the WEC and HPP. Using the example of the Novosibirsk WEC, as well as HPPs and TPPs, an assessment of the energy efficiency, proposing the concept of a developed methodology for determining the price of water for HPPs and all participants in the WEC, will be obtained. Based on the results of the implementation of the developed approach at Novosibirsk HPPs, the electricity sales price competitive electricity market can be matched with the electricity sales price generated at TPP, which will be approximately 0.16 ¢/kW ∗ h.

The article presents the results of the cytogenetic monitoring in the breeding, selection and reproduction of sheep in the ecological conditions of Ukraine. A cytogenetic analysis of sheep with low and high vigor and different levels of fertility was carried out. In the ecological conditions of Ukraine, the individual level of chromosomal abnormalities in all the studied animals of the Tsigai breed and prekos is within the natural background. No translocations were found. Among the violations, such as single and paired fragments, hypo- and hyperploidy (mainly hypoploidy), polyploidy were encountered. The maximum average level of chromosomal abnormalities was found in local lambs (5.5 ±1.73%). The minimum average level of chromosomal abnormalities (2.0 ±1.41%) was recorded in lambs with high growth intensity. Among the structural changes, mutations of the chromosomal type prevailed in the 3-year-old group of rams - 0.46%, in the 8-year-old group - 0.59%. Chromatid disturbances were 0.37% and 0.34%, respectively. The average level of chromosomal abnormalities in rams by groups was 0.84 ±0.14 and 0.93 ±0.13, respectively. In the group of ewes with low fertility (n = 4), the level of chromosomal abnormalities was 3.5%, which is lower than ewes (n = 7) with high fertility by 0.79%.

The approach to the study of autophagy has been undergoing considerable change lately: from investigations of the protein components of autophagic machinery to its regulation at different molecular levels. Autophagy is being examinated not only as a separated degradative process per se in cells but as an executor mechanism of certain signaling pathways that converge on it, being activated under specific conditions. Additionally, autophagy is beginning to be observed as a key integral part of cellular reprogramming, the transition from one phenotypic state to another associated with rapid degradation of the previous proteostasis. Macrophages and microglia demonstrate a diversity of phenotypes reflecting their effective capability to phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, understanding the role of autophagy in macrophage and microglia functions needs to be addressed. In this review, we focus on autophagy as a fundamental intracellular process underlying macrophages and microglia polarization.

В руководящих документах Российской Федерации (РД 03-607-03 и РД 09-391-00) представлены методики расчёта развития гидродинамических аварий на накопителях и хранилищах жидких промышленных и производственных отходов. Поскольку аварии на таких объектах представляют собой прорыв плотины с образованием прорана в ее теле, для расчётов используется методическая основа, разработанная для грунтовых плотин любого назначения. Это позволило рассмотреть применимость указанных документов к плотине водохранилища на реке Кокпекты в Казахстане, на которой произошла авария в марте 2014 года. Анализ применимости рассматриваемых документов показал, что численные значения большинства параметров, рассчитанных по ним, не соответствуют действительности и/или не имеют физического смысла, их нельзя использовать на практике. В частности, в предлагаемых документах не учитывается время на образование эрозионных рытвин, что приводит к ошибке оценки времени образования прорана на порядок. В рассматриваемых руководящих документах принята прямоугольная форма прорана, хотя на практике в большинстве случаев она трапециевидная. Сравнение расчётных и измеренных размеров прорана показало их различие в два раза. Даже результаты расчёта размеров прорана по предлагаемой формуле в зависимости от выбранного расчётного шага могут отличаться на 25%. В РД 03-607-03 и РД 09-391-00 приводятся разные формулы для расчёта гидравлической крупности, что приводит к различию в результатах в 1,65 раза. Кроме того, при расчёте гидравлической крупности вместо динамической используется кинематическая вязкость. Одна из важнейших характеристик – транспортирующая (размывающая) способность потока в рассматриваемых документах безразмерна и не имеет физического смысла. Обращает также на себя внимание, что предлагаемые руководящие документы, в нарушение ГОСТ 8.417-2002, не только используют нестандартизированные величины размерностей, но даже в одной из формул в качестве сомножителей соседствуют метры, сантиметры и миллиметры. Таким образом, РД 03-607-03 и РД 09-391-00 не рекомендуется использовать для расчётов развития гидродинамических аварий и зон затопления, данные документы требуют немедленного пересмотра. Литература Александров Д.В., Зубарев А.Ю., Искакова Л.Ю. Введение в гидродинамику: учеб. пособие. Екатеринбург: Изд-во Уральского университета, 2012. 112 с. Ананенков А.Г., Ставкин Г.П., Андреев О.П., Хабибуллин И.Л., Лобастова С.А. Эколого-экономическое управление охраной окружающей среды. М.: Недра, 2003. 227 с. Большаков В.А., Константинов Ю.М., Попов В.Н. Справочник по гидравлике. К.: Вища школа, 1977. 280 с. Виноградова Т.А., Макушин М.А., Виноградов И.А., Парфенов Е.А., Кадацкая М.М., Сазонова С.И. Расчёт морфометрических характеристик прорана и максимальных расходов при прорывах грунтовых плотин // Гидросфера. Опасные процессы и явления. 2019. Том 1. Вып. 2. С. 280-295. DOI: 10.34753/HS.2019.1.2.006. Гришанин К.В. Динамика русловых потоков. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат, 1969. 428 с. Кадацкая М.М., Виноградов А.Ю., Кацадзе В.А., Беленький Ю.И., Бачериков И.В., Хвалев С.В., Каляшов В.А. Анализ методов расчёта неразмывающей скорости при проектировании водопропускных и водоотводных сооружений лесного хозяйства // Известия Санкт-Петербургской лесотехнической академии. 2019. Вып. 227. С. 174–187. DOI: 10.21266/2079-4304.2019.227.174-187. Пономарчук К.Р. Оценка параметров развития прорана при разрушении грунтовой плотины // Природообустройство. 2011. №3. С. 77-82. Тарабаев Ю.Н., Зотов Ю.М., Чагаев В.П. Шульгин В.Н. Инженерное обеспечение предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций при наводнениях (учебное пособие). Новогорск: Академия гражданской защиты МЧС России, 2000. 207 с. Чижиумов С.Д. Основы гидродинамики: учеб. пособие. Комсомольск-на-Амуре: ГОУВПО «КнАГТУ», 2007. 106 с. Чугаев Р.Р. Гидравлика: учебник для вузов. Л.: Энергоиздат, 1982. 672 с. Шмакова М.В., Кондратьев С.А. Транспортирующая способность речного потока// Ученые записки Российского государственного гидрометеорологического университета. 2019. № 56. С. 176-187 DOI: 10.33933/2074-2762-2019-56-176-187.

The article reveals the essential characteristics of the concepts of "self-organization of the system", "self-organization of personality" from the standpoint of synergetic, activity, personal, competence approaches. Self-organization is possible only in systems with a complex structure, a large number of elements and interconnections. In such systems, self-organization becomes purposeful. Self-organization can be carried out with the aim of forming a complex system arising from a set of separate subsystems; in order to maintain the life of the system, its adaptation to constantly changing internal and external conditions; for the purpose of self-development of the system, taking into account past experience. One characteristic feature of self-organization is that this process is carried out only on the basis of internal resources. The most important condition for the formation of students' ability to carry out self-organization and self-education is mastering the essence of these concepts. Therefore, it is advisable to consider different approaches to their definitions of the relationship between them. The expediency of the interpretation of personality self-organization as a competence, which includes personal, cognitive, activity, value-motivational components, is substantiated. The analysis of the essence of self-organization of the individual made it possible to identify all the named components. It is advisable to consider the ability to self-organize as the competence and the most important educational result of higher education

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), produced by nonpathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, have potentially useful biotechnological applications in extraterrestrial extreme environments. However, their biological effects under the impact of various stressors have to be elucidated for safety reasons. In the spaceflight experiment, model biofilm kombucha microbial community (KMC) samples, in which Komagataeibacter intermedius was a dominant community-member, were exposed under simulated Martian factors (i.e., pressure, atmosphere, and UV-illumination) outside the International Space Station (ISS) for 1.5 years. In this study, we have determined that OMVs from post-flight K. intermedius displayed changes in membrane composition, depending on the location of the samples and some other factors. Membrane lipids such as sterols, fatty acids (FAs), and phospholipids (PLs) were modulated under the Mars-like stressors, and saturated FAs, as well as both short-chain saturated and trans FAs, appeared in the membranes of OMVs shed by both post-UV-illuminated and “dark” bacteria. The relative content of zwitterionic and anionic PLs changed, producing a change in surface properties of outer membranes, thereby resulting in a loss of interaction capability with polynucleotides. The changed composition of membranes promoted a bigger OMV size, which correlated with changes of OMV fitness. Biochemical characterization of the membrane-associated enzymes revealed an increase in their activity (DNAse, dehydrogenase) compared to wild type. Other functional membrane-associated capabilities of OMVs (e.g., proton accumulation, interaction with linear DNA, or synaptosomes) were also altered after exposure to the spaceflight stressors. Despite alterations in membranes, vesicles did not acquire endotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Altogether, our results show that OMVs, originating from rationally selected nonpathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, can be considered as candidates in the design of postbiotics or edible mucosal vaccines for in situ production in extreme environment. Furthermore, these OMVs could also be used as promising delivery vectors for applications in Astromedicine.

В современном обществе музей многофункционален, меняются его задачи как социального института. В статье описывается кейс Музея Мирового океана как одной из площадок для популяризации естественных наук, в том числе географии, для дошкольников и школьников. Музей постоянно обновляет свои экспозиции и расширяет территорию, превращаясь в крупнейший культурно-исторический и образовательный комплекс, входящий в популярный туристический маршрут для посещения. Его отличие в том, что различные зоны активностей и специальные выставки созданы на Набережной исторического флота и на территории возрожденных памятников архитектуры ХIX века: Королевских и Фридрихсбургских ворот. Музей Мирового океана многократно удостаивался различных наград и премий, что говорит о признании в обществе его важной роли как центра социокультурной жизни Калининградской области. Метод экспертных интервью позволяет проанализировать успехи и сложности работы музея с детьми и молодежью, определить основные образовательные технологии и форматы деятельности, в том числе и интерактивные, игровые принципы реализации музейной педагогики, составить социальный портрет посетителей, а также спрогнозировать главные векторы дальнейшего развития. В статье рассматриваются механизмы организации обратной связи с посетителями. В проведенном историческом экскурсе видно, что музей за последние 15 лет открыл новые корпуса, намечено строительство уникального центра в форме шара «Планета Океан». Замечается положительная динамика в расширении не только с точки зрения количества, но и инновационных технологий работы. Трансформация музея, как и любого социального института, отражает потребности общества, в частности, в таких площадках, где реализуется просветительская, образовательная и научная работа с детьми и молодежью, позволяющая им в дальнейшем определить свои личные и профессиональные траектории развития.

Охарактеризовано міграційні процеси забруднювальних речовин в аграрних ландшафтах вугледобувних регіонів, кількісну оцінку ступеня забруднення ґрунтів і його впливу на біопродуктивність ландшафтів та якість сільськогосподарської продукції. Проаналізовано космічні знімки, здійснено моніторинг процесів водної ерозії, фізичне моделювання вітрової ерозії відвальної породи, математичне моделювання, застосовано емісійний спектральний та інші методи хімічного аналізу ґрунтів та рослинної продукції. Внаслідок проведення дослідження отримано кількісні показники винесення відвальної породи внаслідок водної та вітрової ерозії, встановлено закономірності відкладення частинок відвальної породи залежно від відстані до відвалу. Доведено, що породні відвали вугільних шахт є джерелами надходження в агроландшафти надмірної кількості забруднювальних речовин, що спричиняють несприятливу екологічну ситуацію внаслідок забруднення ґрунтів і рослинної продукції важкими металами. Показано, що для отримання просторового розподілу ступеня забруднення ґрунтів потрібно використовувати геосистемний підхід. Розглянуто теоретичні та практичні підходи до застосування геосистемного аналізу до процесів міграції і розсіювання забруднювальних речовин у ландшафті. Зроблено аналіз парагенетичних геосистем териконових ландшафтів Донбасу. Запропоновано показники для оцінення умов розсіювання речовин, що надходять з відвалів. Доведено, що геосистемний підхід із використанням цих показників дає змогу виявити найбільш небезпечні щодо забруднення ділянки ландшафту.

Modern medical education faces a problem of combining the latest technology with classic teaching methods. Simulation is a technique, which replaces or amplifies experiences in controlled conditions and therefore evokes or replicates substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive manner. The basic course of human anatomy in medical education could be recognised as the best example of implementing new educational techniques such as simulation, into the traditional medical curriculum. Modern medical education faces a problem of combining the latest technology, procedures and information with classic teaching methods. The goal is to prepare students to become physicians equipped with the latest conceptions in medicine. Another challenge is the linking of theoretical and practical knowledge without forgetting the socio-practical aspect of medical care. Training, from the very beginning, taking place in a reality-reflected environment (e.g. simulation-based training) seems to be a beneficial solution. Simulation is a technique, which replaces or amplifies doctor–patient experiences in controlled conditions and therefore evokes or replicates substantial aspects of the real world in a fully interactive manner [1]. Simulation techniques improve both cognitive and practical aspects of the education process in predictable and stress free conditions. The basic course of anatomy in medical education could be recognised as the best example of implementing new educational techniques such as simulation, into the traditional medical curriculum.

Relevance. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most frequent chronic pathology of the lungs in children of the first year of life, especially among children born with extremely low and very low birth weight.Goal. The safety, immunogenicity and preventive efficacy of Prevenar 13 in preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia were assessedMaterials and methods. There were 29 children under observation, as well as 29 non-vaccinated children as a comparison group. Oxygen support was not needed by any child with BPD. Children in both groups had consequences of perinatal involvement of the central nervous system. Prevenar 13 vaccine was used for immunization.Results. The level vaccine adverse event following immunization in the group of vaccinated children was 16.7 ± 0.07%. One child had a high body temperature up to 39.5 °C, it was required to prescribe antipyretic drugs in the age-related dosage. All vaccine adverse event following immunization disappeared on 2 day. Local reactions were not recorded.Conclusions. The use of the Prevenar13 vaccine has established high preventive efficacy among preterm infants with BPD, a decrease in the incidence of otitis media by 3.5 times. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the Prevenar 13 vaccine among children with BPD showed good immunological efficacy (a 4-fold increase in the mean geometric titer of antibodies at 28 days after vaccination).

Проаналізовано сучасні світові літературні джерела, що висвітлюють питання радіоекології, зроблено висновок щодо актуальності питання узагальнення результатів досліджень, які здійснили учені в межах угідь, забруднених радіонуклідами, у різних країнах світу для формування стратегії розвитку таких територій. Дослідження проведено в межах землекористування, сформованого внаслідок оренди земельних часток (паїв), що розташовані на території Сингаївської сільської ради Коростенського р-ну Житомирської обл. Вивчено характер ґрунтового покриву та щільність його забруднення в межах сільськогосподарських угідь. Встановлено, що ґрунтовий покрив представлений здебільшого дерново-підзолистими глейовими та дерновими глибокими глейовими ґрунтовими відмінами. Виявлено, що структура ґрунтового покриву території дуже строката та дрібноконтурна. Загальна кількість ґрунтових контурів 226. Площа ґрунтових контурів змінюється від 0,4 до 72,7 га. Межі ґрунтових контурівмають досить складну видовжену хвилясту конфігурацію. Доведено, що характер та щільність забруднення площ сільськогосподарських угідь є складними для організації території землекористування, яка забезпечує вирощування рослинницької продукції з допустимим вмістом радіонуклідів. Також встановлено, щов інтенсивному сільськогосподарському використанні знаходяться площі орних земель та кормових угідь, рівень забруднення яких Cs137 більше15 Кі/км2. Зроблено висновок щодо необхідності врахування характеру ґрунтового покриву та щільності його забруднення під час землеустрою забруднених радіонуклідами територій.