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Single crystalline bulk and epitaxially grown gallium oxide (β–Ga2O3) was irradiated by 0.6 and 1.9 MeV protons to doses ranging from 5 × 109 to 6 × 1014 cm−2 in order to study the impact on charge carrier concentration and electrically active defects. Samples irradiated to doses at or above 2 × 1013 cm−2 showed a complete removal of free charge carriers in their as-irradiated state, whereas little or no influence was observed below doses of 6 × 1012 cm−2. From measurements at elevated temperatures, a thermally activated recovery process is seen for the charge carriers, where the activation energy for recovery follow a second-order kinetics with an activation energy of ∼1.2 eV. Combining the experimental results with hybrid functional calculations, we propose that the charge carrier removal can be explained by Fermi-level pinning far from the conduction band minimum (CBM) due to gallium interstitials (Gai), vacancies (VGa), and antisites (GaO), while migration and subsequent passivation of VGa via hydrogen-derived or VO defects may be responsible for the recovery. Following the recovery, deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) reveals generation of two deep levels, with energy positions around 0.75 and 1.4 eV below the CBM. Of these two levels, the latter is observed to disappear after the initial DLTS measurements, while the concentration of the former increases. We discuss candidate possibilities and suggest that the origins of these levels are more likely due to a defect complex than an isolated point defect.

Background and Study Aim. The physical demands of the winger position in elite handball require a unique combination of upper body speed and lower body strength. Therefore, identifying the optimal relationship between these two physical characteristics could improve performance for players in this role. This study aims to analyze the relationship between upper body speed capacity and lower body strength in elite handball players specializing in the winger position. Material and Methods. The study included 16 elite handball players specializing in the winger position from various teams in the National Handball League (Liga Zimbrilor). Four of these players were members of the Dinamo Bucharest team. Tests for evaluating the explosive strength of the lower limbs included the Squat Jump (SJ), Counter Movement Jump (CMJ), Counter Movement Jump with Free Arms (CMJb), and the maximum strength test (1RM) in squats. Specific technical training tests included triangular movement, a 30-meter sprint, and long-distance handball throws, focusing on speed and execution technique. Data analysis was conducted using KyPlot 6.0 software. Statistical indicators included median, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and non-parametric Spearman correlation tests. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The results show no statistically significant differences in lower limb strength between high-performance handball players (HPHP) and those specialized in the winger position (PSW) across various jump and squat tests (p > 0.05). The Countermovement Jump (CMJ) test approached statistical significance (p = 0.084), while the CMJ with free arms (CMJb) and squat strength test did not show significant differences (p = 0.231 and p = 0.789, respectively). In the specific fitness tests, no significant differences were observed in the Triangle Movement test (p = 0.826), the 30-meter sprint (p = 0.404), or the handball throw test (p = 0.147). Correlation analysis indicated that squats and CMJb had positive correlations with improved performance in speed and distance tests, while CMJ showed a negative correlation with technical performance in agility tests. Conclusions. The findings suggest that lower limb strength and technical fitness are similar between elite handball players, regardless of specialization. This supports a unified training approach across player roles. However, targeted exercises like squats and CMJb may enhance specific performance aspects. These exercises improve dynamic strength and stability, which can benefit wingers' technical execution and speed.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), encompassing disorders like polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF), are characterized by clonal hematopoiesis without the Philadelphia chromosome. The JAK2 V617F mutation is prevalent in PV, ET, and PMF, while mutations in MPL and CALR also play significant roles. These conditions predispose patients to thrombotic events, with PMF exhibiting the lowest survival among MPNs. Chronic inflammation, driven by cytokine release from aberrant leukocytes and platelets, amplifies cardiovascular risk through various mechanisms, including atherosclerosis and vascular remodeling. Additionally, MPN-related complications like pulmonary hypertension and cardiac fibrosis contribute to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This review consolidates recent research on MPNs’ cardiovascular implications, emphasizing thrombotic risk, chronic inflammation, and vascular stiffness. Understanding these associations is crucial for developing targeted therapies and improving outcomes in MPN patients.

Dysfunctional syndrome of the stomatognathic system interferes with interferes with many pathologies among which in the present situation, with the characteristics of complex psychiatric pathology. There are cases with a high index of complexity that can be treated only by interdisciplinary approach dentistry-psychiatry. Complex oral rehabilitation imposes strategies and treatments to facilitate a good result in increasing the quality of life and the optimum result of patients with schizophrenia-type psychiatric elements.

We present an efficient method to produce laser-triggered proton pulses well below 500 ps pulse width at keV energies. We use femtosecond photoelectron pulses emitted from a cathode to enable ultrafast electron-stimulated desorption of adsorbates on a stainless steel plate under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. While direct photoionization of atoms to form well-timed ion pulses can suffer from a laser-focus-limited large starting volume, in our method the two-dimensional starting plane of the ions is defined with nanometer precision at a solid surface. We clearly outline how the method could be used in the future to efficiently produce ion beam pulses in the (sub)picosecond range for pump-probe experiments with ions.

The current global context is forcing the accounting profession to undergo a consequent transformation process as companies change their business models as a result of the evolution of globalisation, digitalisation of information, automation of processes and artificial intelligence. These changes offer new opportunities and bring many challenges to the accounting field and profession, fostering decision making within entities. Therefore, the vanguard of the future of the accounting profession in a world where careers are shaped by a multitude of issues and where expectations of the profession change frequently, is Generation Z, whose professionals will witness a transformation of the role and value of the accounting profession. The next few years are expected to bring with them the promise of accountants becoming trusted professionals and business advisors, responsible for sustainable management and experts in data and technology. This mission will provide Generation Z with opportunities for professional reward and personal development. In order to ensure the credibility of the information needed to conduct this research, accounting professionals from Chisinau municipality were used as respondents. The main research method is the survey, as a quantitative method, with the questionnaire as the basic instrument, which evaluates the respondents’ opinion on the future skills for the accounting profession.

Background and Study Aim. Dancesport significantly contributes to segmental coordination development in 6-8-year-old children through rhythmic movements and interaction with dance partner. The study aimed to investigate the impact of dancesport on segmental coordination development in children aged 6 to 8. Material and Methods. The study involved a group of 14 children aged 6 to 8 from the National Children's Palace in Bucharest. Research was conducted from February to June 2023. Segmental coordination assessment for upper limbs was done using Witty SEM, with 16 impulses of the smart semaphores (Lap L1-16) at 4 difficulty levels. Parameters measured: visual reaction time for each Lap (seconds), Lap mean (seconds), and total time (seconds). During the study period, a program with dancesport elements (Standard and Latino styles) was implemented for 36 hours, 2 hours per week. Comparative analysis between difficulty levels was done using ANOVA test, Single Factor Analysis of Variance, and Paired Comparison for Means. Statistical significance was set at p

The complex oral rehabilitation team should be aware of the link between an imbalanced TMJ, edentation, occlusion, and an increased caries risk after eating a high-carb diet. Prevention of obesity and metabolic diseases is critical for this population. Co-occurring diseases like as type 2 diabetes may impact periodontal health management, and erosion risk may increase due to reflux.

Background and Study Aim. Elite handball goalkeepers undergo intensive training for reflexes and advanced techniques. They develop mental toughness to handle the pressure and responsibility at key moments of the game. Thus, they protect the goal of the team. This study aims to investigate and highlight the specific training characteristics of elite handball players specialized in the goalkeeper position. Material and Methods. The best 4 goalkeepers specialized in elite handball in Romania, aged between 22 and 33 years, were selected. Specific motor tests were used: Test 1 - Jumps 15 seconds; Test 2 – Reaction speed to visual stimulus; Test 3 – Execution speed. Technical tests were used: Test specific to goalkeeper, Triangle moving, The Ten Jump, Ball throwing, Standing long jump, Passes to a fixed point; The Cooper test. To improve specific training, there were applied strategies for training optimization which include stretching for mobility, segmental muscle strength, goalkeeping specific exercises and plyometrics. The nonparametric Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the relationship between technical training and motor skills parameters. The statistical significance level was set at p

Romania has aligned itself with objectives related to the conservation and protection of biodiversity, the safeguarding of natural habitats, and the protection of wild species by identifying and assessing Natura 2000 sites. These are recognized and protected not only at the European level but also internationally. They can be connected to broader ecological networks, such as the PanEuropean Ecological Corridors and international biodiversity protection networks, playing a significant role in promoting sustainable development by integrating nature conservation with socioeconomic activities. Additionally, they provide opportunities for biodiversity conservation, sustainable resource utilization, tourism development, and involvement of local communities. The study aims to identify the main forms of tourism practiced, as well as those with potential within the 15 Natura 2000 sites in the North-East region of Romania. In a comparative manner, it highlights best practices and measures necessary for promoting ecotourism and other sustainable economic activities that support nature conservation.

Assessing the relevance of scientific accounting research to the practice of the profession is a topic less present in the literature, and the results of empirical research are often divided. In this context, the research aims to analyse the extent to which scientific accounting research is necessary and relevant for the practice of the profession. The views and opinions presented in this paper will represent the author's perceptions of students' and practitioners' attitudes towards indigenous accounting research, formed both from an academic perspective and from the perspective of the practicing accountant.

This study investigates the determinants of integrated reporting quality in the context of basic materials and industrial companies. The motivation stems from the need to enhance reporting quality and provide guidance to companies and academia. Specific hypotheses were formulated, including the influence of profitability, company size, age, and board size on integrated reporting quality. The research aims to offer insights into these factors' impact. The study employs a mixed-method approach involving quantitative regression analysis and qualitative content analysis. Findings reveal that profitability is not a significant determinant of integrated reporting quality, while larger companies exhibit higher-quality reports. Younger firms tend to present more elaborate reports. The study validates the role of board size in enhancing reporting quality. These results contribute to refining integrated reporting standards, enhancing transparency, and guiding strategic decisions for sustainable development.

Under the current conditions of the global market economy, effective analysis and management of trade receivables and debts requires strategies aimed at improving results. Monitoring of trade receivables and payables therefore requires increased attention in order to avoid excessive growth in receivables and payables, which would increase the risk of bankruptcy. Thus, the entity’s management must have reliable and relevant information on the economic and financial situation in order to keep the entity’s receivables and payables at an optimal level. This research emphasises the importance of analysing trade receivables and payables and the need for their proper management to improve the entity’s financial position and performance. The methodological approach of the paper involves the use of methodological and statistical-mathematical tools characteristic of the social sciences.

This paper aims to analyze the quality of financial accounting information of public higher education institutions with financial autonomy in the Republic of Moldova and its dependence on their financial autonomy. For this purpose, financial statements and other relevant information available on the websites of public universities with financial autonomy in the Republic of Moldova were analysed. The analysis focused on the following research questions: i) is the quality of the information ensured in terms of the regulatory framework and user requirements? ii) is the quality of the information ensured in terms of the requirements of the regulatory framework and user requirements? iii) Is the quality of information related to the financial autonomy of universities? iiii) How can the enhancement of financial autonomy influence the quality of information? The results show that public higher education institutions with financial autonomy ignore the requirements of the regulatory framework on financial reporting and publication of financial statements, head’s report and auditor’s report on their websites. As a result, users do not have access to financial and accounting information and their conclusions and decisions may be distorted and unjustified. To rectify this, the financial management of the institution needs to be strengthened and all the opportunities afforded by its financial autonomy must be used. At the same time, this research depicts through bibliometric analysis scientific productivity, impact of scientific research, trending topics, and others. Thus, the methodological tools characteristic of the social sciences, quantitative and qualitative methods, were used to carry out the scientific approach.

Chronic apical periodontitis (CAP) is considered to be a dynamic defence response against micro-organisms invasion into periradicular tissues, resulting in a destruction of surrounding periapical bone . Among other important regulatory functions, vitamin D demonstrated to have a role in modulating the inflammatory process of periradicular tissues, in calcium and bone homeostasis and apoptosis. This retrospective study aimed to assess the relationship between vitamin D (VitD) levels and the incidence of large periapical rarefactions in dental patients that further undergo complex prosthetic rehabilitation. In this regard, a number of 28 patients, 54,8% men (n=16) and 45,2% women (n=12) with a complete medical and dental history, in the age range of 18–50 years were taken under observation. They were examined radiographically and clinically to diagnose the presence of CAP, presence and quality of root canal fillings, quality of restoration and periapical status. Another group of 28 patients in the same age range and gender-matched individuals without any history of systemic disease or presence of CAP lesions were included in the study as the control group. Serum VitD levels were analyzed for all patients. The prevalence of teeth with large chronic periapical lesions was 85,7% in the analyzed group The results showed significantly different values of Vitamin D levels in individuals with CAP compared with control patients (P =0,003). The presence or absence of root canal fillings in affected teeth didn’t correlate with the lesion dimension or severity of the evolution.

A study of the air behavior in the near-wake region of the NACA0012 airfoil infinite wing model at low Reynolds numbers was conducted. The study consisted of comparing the results obtained from experiments with those from numerical simulations. The numerical results of the velocity profiles in the near-wake region showed good agreement with those provided by the PIV system for most of the simulations and those in the literature. In addition, boundary layer separation and reattachment forming a laminar separation bubble along the airfoil was captured using simulations in Ansys Fluent and compared with a literature database to better confirm the simulation results. The UAVs have a complex cross-section shape of the fuselage. The second part of this paper explores the aerodynamic consequences of its shape, at the operational flight ceiling, in a comparative approach for three different fuselage designs.

Background/Objectives: Immunotherapy has changed the therapeutic approach for various solid tumors, especially lung tumors, malignant melanoma, renal and urogenital carcinomas, demonstrating significant antitumor activity, with tolerable safety profiles and durable responses. However, not all patients benefit from immunotherapy, underscoring the need for predictive biomarkers that can identify those most likely to respond to treatment. Methods: The integration of predictive biomarkers into clinical practice for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) holds great promise for personalized cancer treatment. Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), gene expression profiles and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have shown potential in predicting ICI responses across various cancers. Results: Challenges such as standardization, validation, regulatory approval, and cost-effectiveness must be addressed to realize their full potential. Predictive biomarkers are crucial for optimizing the clinical use of ICIs in cancer therapy. Conclusions: While significant progress has been made, further research and collaboration among clinicians, researchers, and regulatory institutes are essential to overcome the challenges of clinical implementation. However, little is known about the relationship between local and systemic immune responses and the correlation with response to oncological therapies and patient survival.

Background and Study Aim. Technical training in football plays an important part in scoring goals. Precise movements can become the key to victory in a match. Among the principal factors determining the accuracy of shooting or kicking the ball is balance. The study aims to determine the influence of dynamic balance on technical training in U13 football. Material and Methods. A group of 26 football players from Otopeni Sports Club (Romania), aged 12-13 years, in the U13 category, participated in this study. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Sensamove MiniBoard platform with tests including: Lateral bipedal balance (LBB), Vertical bipedal balance (VBB), and Vertical unipedal balance for both right (VBRL) and left (VBLL) legs. Technical training was evaluated using tests recommended by the Romanian Football Federation: instep kick from 9 m (Test 1, points), outside kick in 30 sec. (Test 2, points), and 20 m long pass (Test 3, points). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationship between dynamic balance (lateral and vertical bipedal, and vertical unipedal for both legs) and technical training in U13 footballers. Results. The analysis of the comparative results between LBB and VBB variables reveals better performances by 9.2% at VBB. There are lower values of the vertical deviations mean by 2.9 degrees forward at LBB and by -2.8 degrees backward. The mean of lateral deviations is lower by -2.7 degrees to the left at VBB and by 3.3 degrees to the right. The comparative results between VBRL and VBLL variables show better performances by 0.3% at VBRL. The values of the vertical deviations mean are lower by 0.5 degrees forward at VBRL and 0.3 degrees backward. The mean of the lateral deviations (left-right) have equal values. Analyzing the performances obtained in technical tests highlights 22.2% (estimated maximum score) at instep kick, 62.5% (individual maximum value) at outside kick and 34.5% (estimated maximum value) at 20 m long pass. The influence of dynamic balance on technical training shows 60.7% positive connections and 39.3% negative ones between LBB and VBB variables. As for VBRL and VBLL variables, there are 67.9% positive connections and 32.1% negative connections between them. Conclusions. The weighting of values at performance and maintaining in space was highlighted. The mean of front-back and left-right deviations in bipedal and unipedal balance has lower values. The technical performances obtained were compared with the estimated maximum score and the individual maximum value. An increased number of positive connections to balance performance variables and of negative connections to the mean of deviations was noticed. This fact contributed to determining the degree of influence on the investigated variables. The findings can serve as a recommendation for future research.

One of the complications after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Numerous studies have been performed to explore the value of biological parameters in the early identification of infection rates after THA and TKA. This study investigates alterations in inflammatory markers associated with PJI. This retrospective study focused on a cohort of patients with hip and knee arthroplasty treated between 2016 and 2022. CRP, ESR, and fibrinogen were observed preoperatively, on days one, three, six, and twenty-one postoperatively. From a total of 4076 THA and TKA performed during this period, 62 patients were identified with periprosthetic infections. We also identified the pathogens responsible for infections in order to assess if asymptomatic preoperative infections were involved in PJI. In patients with acute infections following TKA, days one and three postoperative recorded a CRP value below the expected range. The value of CRP in patients with early infection after THA was significantly increased on day six postoperative. ESR and fibrinogen values were not statistically significantly correlated with early PJI. The CRP level in acute PJI shows different patterns than those shown in the literature.

Idiopathic superior mesenteric vein (SMV) stenosis, where no clear causative factor is identifiable, remains a clinical rarity. We present a detailed case report of a patient with idiopathic stenosis of the SMV who underwent successful endovascular stenting. This report outlines the patient’s clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging findings, procedural approach by the interventional radiology team, and subsequent management. Endovascular stenting is a viable therapeutic option for patients with idiopathic SMV stenosis. This case demonstrates that with appropriate interventional and post-procedural management, long-term stent patency and thrombosis prevention can be achieved. The success of this case encourages further investigation into endovascular treatments for venous stenoses.

Background and Study Aim. The scientific research activity at the level of academic studies aims to acquire fundamental basic and deontological knowledge. The purpose of the study was to determine the progress of the scientific research approach in the field of Physical Education and Sport Science. Material and Methods. This scientific approach was carried out in the ”Research methodology” discipline, in the bachelor’s degree for the Physical Education and Sport (PES) specialization, Sport and Motor Performance (SMP) and in the master’s degree - Sport Performance (SP). The research participants were 104 students of the Physical Education and Sport department of the University of Pitești: 82 in bachelor’s degree (48 at PES, 34 at SMP) and 22 in master’s degree (PS). The didactic activity was conducted offline and online; the monitoring was performed by means of the university e-learning platform. The research results were centralized using digital technologies. The continuous evaluation of the performance criteria was made in accordance with the requirements of the subject matter program and the instructions on the credit system and class book filling. The requirements of the activity in seminar were 3 reports, respecting the path of the work assignments. Report no. 1 – method of bibliographic study (Google academic); Report no. 2 –sociological survey (survey method, questionnaire, Google forms) and Report no. 3 –experimental research (personal contributions, scientific argumentation). Results. The results of knowledge evaluation in bachelor’s degree reveal 3.3% better level at PES; the other indicators have a better level of success in SMP (p>0.05); the master’s degree highlights 15.25% better activity in the seminar, involvement of 82.3% in the elective and mandatory activity and 87.75% success in the final evaluation. Regarding the weight of sports disciplines in achievement of the scientific approach: 65% improved the title of the assignments (an evolution of the titles) and 35% kept the same title, but with different content. At the master’s degree, everyone respected the requirements of the discipline. Conclusions. The scientific research approach was carried out by methodologically going through the stages of addressing the work assignments within the bibliographic study, sociological survey analysis and scientific argumentation. The theoretical knowledge was applied in accordance with the current specialized literature, the analysis of the opinions of the specialists and the use of the personal experience in the applied and development scientific research.

The economic activity of any entity generates a complex, diverse and fluctuating system of economic and legal relations with services beneficiaries, product buyers, staff, the state budget, other legal entities and individuals. The relationships established in order to achieve the object of activity lead, due to the time gap in the fulfillment of financial obligations, to the appearance of receivables. This paper highlights the concept of receivables through the synthesis of literature, but also the bibliometric analysis, which allows for a clear picture of the extent and quality of scientific research in the direction of the analyzed issue, that is, accounting and receivables analysis. Likewise, the paper sheds light on the importance of the analysis of receivables, having as "raw material" financial-accounting information, or, the adequate management of the size, structure and maturity terms of the entity's receivables will lead to its prosperity.

Campylobacter sp. is widely considered a leading causative agent of bacterial food-borne gastrointestinal illness. Discitis and endocarditis caused by Campylobacter spp. are extremely rare. We describe the case of a 94-year-old man who was admitted for recent lumbar pain, diarrhea, and fever. C. fetus and C. coli were identified by MALDI-TOF from blood and stool samples respectively. MRI of the spine showed L5–S1 discitis. Patient was treated with 6 weeks of amoxicillin with clinical and microbiological response until cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) related endocarditis occurred four weeks after the end of the antibiotic treatment. He was treated with another 6 weeks amoxicillin regimen, with a favorable outcome after a 6-month follow-up. Enteric infection with Campylobacter spp. in a debilitated patient should raise the possibility of a co-infection with another more invasive species such as C. fetus, leading to systemic invasion. In case of Campylobacter fetus bacteremia, a search for endocarditis and spondylodiscitis is recommended even in the absence of specific clinical signs.

The treatment of hemophilia A has progressed amazingly in recent years. Emicizumab, a bispecific-humanized monoclonal antibody, is able to improve coagulation by bridging activated factor IX and factor X. Emicizumab is administered subcutaneously and much less often compared to factor VIII products. It has low immunogenicity, does not require dose adjustment, and can be administered regardless of the presence of factor VIII inhibitors. Thrombin generation assays but not factor VIII activity are indicated to guide and monitor the treatment. Emicizumab has enabled the conversion of patients with severe forms into patients with milder forms of hemophilia A. It has reduced the number of bleeding episodes compared to both on-demand and prophylactic substitution therapy and has an excellent safety profile. Gene therapy can elevate factor VIII plasma levels for many years after a single treatment course, could offer long-term protection from bleeding episodes, and minimize or eliminate the need for substitutive treatment with factor VIII concentrates. Gene therapy can provoke an immune response, manifested by an increase in common liver enzymes, that require immunotherapy. Long term monitoring is necessary to identify possible adverse effects. Future objectives are: the development of an ideal viral vector, the possibility of its re-administration, the use of gene therapy in hemophiliac children, and determining whether it can be successfully used to induce immune tolerance to factor VIII ceteri paribus. The future will determine the place of each type of treatment and group of patients for which it is indicated.

Foreign bodies in the digestive tract represent a frequent pathology for the emergency service. Foreign bodies are represented by impacted food bolus or voluntarily and involuntarily swallowed objects. Involuntary swallowing of objects occurs most frequently in children, especially between six months and three years of age. Food impaction is mostly encountered among adults with different pathologies. For the removal of swallowed foreign bodies, digestive endoscopy is the gold standard method, being successful in over 95% of cases without significant complications. For the endoscopic management of foreign bodies, it is crucial to be aware of the indications, devices, techniques and patient preparation in order to achieve successful and safe removal from the digestive tract. Recommendations in this article are based on a review of the literature and extensive personal experience.

Despite neutrophil involvement in inflammation and tissue repair, little is understood about their inflammatory status in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients with poor outcomes. Hence, we investigated the potential correlation between neutrophil inflammatory markers and the prognosis of ACS patients with/without diabetes and explored whether neutrophils demonstrate a unique inflammatory phenotype in patients experiencing an adverse in-hospital outcome. The study enrolled 229 ACS patients with or without diabetes. Poor evolution was defined as either death, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) CCL3, IL-1β, interleukin-18 (IL-18), S100A9, intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloprotease (MMP-9), of molecules essential in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production p22phox and Nox2, and increased capacity to form neutrophil extracellular traps. Inflammation is associated with adverse short-term prognosis in acute ACS, and inflammatory biomarkers exhibit greater specificity in predicting short-term outcomes in diabetics. Moreover, neutrophils from patients with unfavorable evolution exhibit distinct inflammatory patterns, suggesting that alterations in the innate immune response in this subgroup may exert detrimental effects on disease progression.

Polymers are essential in several sectors, yet some applications necessitate surface modification. One practical and eco-friendly option is non-thermal plasma exposure. The present research endeavors to examine the impacts of dielectric barrier discharge atmospheric pressure plasma on the chemical composition and wettability properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene surfaces subject to the action of additive manufacturing. The plasma source was produced by igniting either helium or argon and then adjusted to maximize the operational conditions for exposing polymers. The drop in contact angle and the improvement in wettability after plasma exposure can be due to the increased oxygen-containing groups onto the surface, together with a reduction in carbon content. The research findings indicated that plasma treatment significantly improved the wettability of the polymer surface, with an increase of up to 60% for both working gases, while the polar index increased from 0.01 up to 0.99 after plasma treatment. XPS measurements showed an increase of up to 10% in oxygen groups at the surface of He–plasma-treated samples and up to 13% after Ar–plasma treatment. Significant modifications were observed in the structure that led to a reduction of its roughness by 50% and also caused a leveling effect after plasma treatment. A slight decrease in the glass and melting temperature after plasma treatment was pointed out by differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Up to a 15% crystallinity index was determined after plasma treatment, and the 3D printing process was measured through X-ray diffraction. The empirical findings encourage the implementation of atmospheric pressure plasma-based techniques for the environmentally sustainable manipulation of polymers for applications necessitating higher levels of adhesion and specific prerequisites.

Aortic valve disease (AVD) represents a global public health challenge. Research indicates a higher prevalence of diabetes in AVD patients, accelerating disease advancement. Although the specific mechanisms linking diabetes to valve dysfunction remain unclear, alterations of valvular endothelial cells (VECs) homeostasis due to high glucose (HG) or their crosstalk with monocytes play pivotal roles. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular signatures of VECs in HG and upon their interaction with monocytes in normal (NG) or high glucose conditions and to propose novel mechanisms underlying valvular dysfunction in diabetes. VECs and THP-1 monocytes cultured in NG/HG conditions were used. The RNAseq analysis revealed transcriptomic changes in VECs, in processes related to cytoskeleton regulation, focal adhesions, cellular junctions, and cell adhesion. Key molecules were validated by qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. The alterations in cytoskeleton and intercellular junctions impacted VEC function, leading to changes in VECs adherence to extracellular matrix, endothelial permeability, monocyte adhesion, and transmigration. The findings uncover new molecular mechanisms of VEC dysfunction in HG conditions and upon their interaction with monocytes in NG/HG conditions and may help to understand mechanisms of valvular dysfunction in diabetes and to develop novel therapeutic strategies in AVD.

Currently, information technologies are a component part of almost every entity, structures that cannot keep up with new technologies are subject to the risk of disappearing over time. Through an exploratory approach, this research provides for the review of specialized literature regarding the image and evolution of the accounting profession, particularizing the study in the direction of the digitization of the profession, the skills and attributes of a professional accountant in the 21st century, the bibliometric analysis allowing the highlighting of the main aspects regarding productivity annual scientific in this direction. Since the accounting professional has the obligation to correspond to changes and accept the challenges of the profession, the research presents a questionnaire-based analysis of the perception of accounting students and graduates on the future prospects of the profession, based on the pillars of research – the image of the accounting profession in society and the impact of digitization on it: benefits and impediments.

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a comparatively short (9 yr) atmospheric lifetime; therefore effective strategies for methane mitigation will contribute significantly to meeting the UN Sustainable Development Goal #13 of taking rapid action against climate change. Methane emissions from enteric fermentation constitute a large proportion of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Low inclusions of red seaweed from the genus Asparagopsis have demonstrated near elimination of enteric methane from ruminants; however, only a limited number of other seaweeds have been assessed for their anti-methanogenic potential. New Zealand red seaweed species Bonnemaisonia hamifera, Euptilota formisissima, Plocamium cirrhosum, Vidalia colensoi, and identified aquaculture target species Ecklonia radiata and Ulva sp. B were investigated as anti-methanogenic feed additives. Seaweeds were included at 0%, 2%, 6%, or 10% of feed organic matter (OM, ryegrass hay) during in vitro fermentation assays using rumen inoculant from non-lactating Friesian x Jersey dairy cows, using Asparagopsis armata as a positive control. Total gas, methane, hydrogen, volatile fatty acids, and organic matter degradation were measured over a 48 h incubation. Inclusion of all seaweeds except Ulva sp. B reduced the production of methane at either 6 or 10% OM. Bonnemaisonia hamifera was the best performing seaweed, reducing the production of methane by 17.1%, 95.4%, and 98.8% relative to the basal feed substrate control at inclusion levels of 2%, 6%, and 10% OM, respectively, with notable increases in the production of hydrogen. Euptilota formisissima and P. cirrhosum reduced the production of methane by up to 50.5 and 39.5%, respectively, at an inclusion level of 10%, with minimal effects on measured fermentation parameters. Bromoform, the primary bioactive component in Asparagopsis, was not detected in any of the new seaweeds tested. Our results therefore identify potential alternative anti-methanogenic seaweed targets that are less susceptible to the loss of volatile bioactives during processing.

Abstract Background Video-assisted surgery has become an increasingly used surgical technique in patients undergoing major thoracic and abdominal surgery and is associated with significant perioperative respiratory and cardiovascular changes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intraoperative pneumoperitoneum during video-assisted surgery on respiratory physiology in patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery compared to patients undergoing classic laparoscopy in Trendelenburg position. Methods Twenty-five patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) were compared with twenty patients undergoing classic laparoscopy (LAS). Intraoperative ventilatory parameters (lung compliance and plateau airway pressure) were recorded at five specific timepoints: after induction of anesthesia, after carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation, one-hour, and two-hours into surgery and at the end of surgery. At the same time, arterial and end-tidal CO2 values were noted and arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradient was calculated. Results We observed a statistically significant difference in plateau pressure between RAS and LAS at one-hour (26.2 ± 4.5 cmH2O vs. 20.2 ± 3.5 cmH2O, p = 0.05) and two-hour intervals (25.2 ± 5.7 cmH2O vs. 17.9 ± 3.1 cmH2O, p = 0.01) during surgery and at the end of surgery (19.9 ± 5.0 cmH2O vs. 17.0 ± 2.7 cmH2O, p = 0.02). Significant changes in lung compliance were also observed between groups at one-hour (28.2 ± 8.5 mL/cmH2O vs. 40.5 ± 13.9 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.01) and two-hour intervals (26.2 ± 7.8 mL/cmH2O vs. 54.6 ± 16.9 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.01) and at the end of surgery (36.3 ± 9.9 mL/cmH2O vs. 58.2 ± 21.3 mL/cmH2O, p = 0.01). At the end of surgery, plateau pressures remained higher than preoperative values in both groups, but lung compliance remained significantly lower than preoperative values only in patients undergoing RAS with a mean 24% change compared to 1.7% change in the LAS group (p = 0.01). We also noted a more significant arterial to end-tidal CO2 gradient in the RAS group compared to LAS group at one-hour (12.9 ± 4.5 mmHg vs. 7.4 ± 4.4 mmHg, p = 0.02) and two-hours interval (15.2 ± 4.5 mmHg vs. 7.7 ± 4.9 mmHg, p = 0.02), as well as at the end of surgery (11.0 ± 6.6 mmHg vs. 7.0 ± 4.6 mmHg, p = 0.03). Conclusion Video-assisted surgery is associated with significant changes in lung mechanics after induction of pneumoperitoneum. The observed changes are more severe and longer-lasting in patients undergoing robotic-assisted surgery compared to classic laparoscopy.

The social context in Romania is determined by the issue of the degree of social security, through the budgetary effort in a context of rising inflation and elements of geopolitical instability manifested by recession and social insecurity, especially for the lowincome population. The objective of the study is to identify the current situation affecting the social status of citizens in Romania and the prospects for its evolution by introducing a social security index based on statistical and econometric forecasting methods. The methods used are of an empirical nature represented by the study of the specialized literature and of an analytical nature, respectively the consolidation of databases, econometric modelling, prospective analysis and economic forecasts. The results of the study are useful for national decision-makers in order to adjust social policy elements in line with the sustainability objectives agreed at European level and in relation to the growing needs of the population at risk of poverty, continuing inflation and economic recession.

Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) is the most severe complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Besides the location and severity of coronary occlusion, different factors may have significant role in the pathogenesis of AMI-related cardiac arrest (CA), but their contribution is still under investigation. The aim of the study was to investigate the cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) features of myocardial injury associated with a higher risk of CA accompanying an AMI.

Background: Neuroendocrine neoplasms are a heterogeneous group of tumors that raise challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment and monitoring. Despite continuous efforts, no biomarker has showed satisfying accuracy in predicting outcome or response to treatment. Methods: We conducted a systematic review to determine relevant circulating biomarkers for angiogenesis in neuroendocrine tumors. We searched three databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science) using the keywords “neuroendocrine” and “biomarkers”, plus specific biomarkers were searched by full and abbreviated name. From a total of 2448 publications, 11 articles met the eligibility criteria. Results: VEGF is the most potent and the most studied angiogenic molecule, but results were highly controversial. Placental growth factor, Angiopoietin 2 and IL-8 were the most consistent markers in predicting poor outcome and aggressive disease behavior. Conclusions: There is no robust evidence so far to sustain the use of angiogenic biomarkers in routine practice, although the results show promising leads.

Following myocardial infarction (MI), blood neutrophils quickly and extensively infiltrate the heart, where they are temporally polarized into pro-inflammatory (N1) and anti-inflammatory (N2) subpopulations. Neutrophil transmigration is rapidly followed by the accrual of macrophages (MACs), which are believed to undergo local phenotypic transformations from pro-inflammatory to pro-healing MACs that mediate inflammation resolution. We hypothesized that N2 neutrophils can reprogram MACs toward a healing phenotype with increased efferocytosis capacity. To examine this, human neutrophils isolated from healthy subjects were polarized in N1 and N2 neutrophils, and their secretome was added to human MACs derived from THP monocytes. The impact of neutrophil factors on macrophages was investigated using qPCR, ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, or an efferocytosis assay. The results show that the MACs exposed to N2 neutrophil secretome exhibited (i) increased expression of the anti-inflammatory molecules CD206, TGF-β, and IL-10 and the nuclear factors associated with reparatory macrophages (PPARγ, Nur77, and KLF4); (ii) enhanced expression of efferocytosis receptors (MerTK, CD36, CX3CR1, and integrins αv/β5) and of the bridge molecules Mfage8 and Gas6; and (iii) enhanced efferocytosis. In conclusion, factors released by N2 neutrophils induce a pro-healing phenotype of MACs by upregulating anti-inflammatory molecules and efferocytosis receptors and ensuing the efferocytosis capacity. The data suggest that molecular therapy to foster N2 polarization, which boosts macrophages’ pro-healing phenotype, could be a promising strategy to speed up inflammation resolution and tissue repair.

Liver transplantation represents the definitive intervention for various etiologies of liver failure and encompasses a spectrum of rare indications crucial to understanding the diverse landscape of end-stage liver disease, with significantly improved survival rates over the past three decades. Apart from commonly encountered liver transplant indications such as decompensated cirrhosis and liver cancer, several rare diseases can lead to transplantation. Recognition of these rare indications is essential, providing a lifeline to individuals facing complex liver disorders where conventional treatments fail. Collaborative efforts among healthcare experts lead not only to timely interventions but also to the continuous refinement of transplant protocols. This continued evolution in transplant medicine promises hope for those facing diverse and rare liver diseases, marking a paradigm shift in the landscape of liver disease management.

Skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) represents a major public health concern due to its high incidence and potential for local invasion and metastasis. Compared to local recurrence, metastatic SCC represents an even greater therapeutic challenge. Once distant metastasis occurs, the disease becomes incurable, and treatment focuses on palliation and prolonging survival. The immune microenvironment of SCC is characterized by an infiltration of immune cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In addition to its direct cytotoxic effects, radiotherapy also induces immunomodulatory effects within the tumor microenvironment. Radiation can promote the release of tumor-associated antigens and induce immunogenic cell death, thereby enhancing the recognition of tumor cells by the immune system. Immunotherapy and radiotherapy have emerged as promising therapeutic modalities for metastatic SCC. This literature review aims to evaluate the potential synergy between these treatments and shed light on their combined efficacy. Within the manuscript, we present a compelling case report of a patient with advanced SCC who exhibited resistance to the combined regimen of immunotherapy and radiotherapy, leading to disease progression. Despite the increasing evidence supporting the synergy between these modalities, this case underscores the complex nature of treatment response and the importance of considering individual patient characteristics.

Thiadiazole derivatives have garnered significant attention in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their diverse pharmacological activities, including anticancer properties. This article presents the synthesis of a series of thiadiazole derivatives and investigates their chemical characterization and potential anticancer effects on various cell lines. The results of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses confirmed the successful formation of the target compounds. The anticancer potential was evaluated through in silico and in vitro cell-based assays using LoVo and MCF-7 cancer lines. The assays included cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis to assess the compounds’ effects on cancer cell growth and survival. Daphnia magna was used as an invertebrate model for the toxicity evaluation of the compounds. The results revealed promising anticancer activity for several of the synthesized derivatives, suggesting their potential as lead compounds for further drug development. The novel compound 2g, 5-[2-(benzenesulfonylmethyl)phenyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine, demonstrated good anti-proliferative effects, exhibiting an IC50 value of 2.44 µM against LoVo and 23.29 µM against MCF-7 after a 48-h incubation and little toxic effects in the Daphnia test.

The informational system of an entity is based on accounting information obtained from the accountants, which is transmitted to process financial analysts in order to obtain a new product: financial information. This allows internal and external users who have a financial interest in the entity to make optimal management decisions. This research aims to highlight the role and importance of financial-accounting information in the decision-making process, to look back on the emergence, development and perpetual improvement of the entity's information system, to reflect how new requirements for financial-accounting information have led to the emergence of new attributions and responsibilities of the accountants, to analyze the provisions of the normative framework and of the specialized literature regarding the financial-accounting information, to explain the difference between the accounting information and the financial information, and as a result - to present the interdependence between financial-accounting information and the decision-making process.

Economic capacity is a key element in shaping public policies, with a key role both in forecasting the elements of accounting, fiscal and monetary policy and in carrying out macroand micro-economic strategies. We aim to analyse the benchmarks on economic capacity through the predictable characteristics of economic and financial impact indicators and to determine the size of economic capacity sensitive to uncertainty through an economic model and evolution clusters for VAT and gross value added in relation to the elements of the structure of the economy at a given time. The results are useful for economic decision- makers to assess the necessary changes in accounting, fiscal and monetary policy in order to stabilize economic capacity at an optimally representative level for the current stage of economic development.

(1) Background: Based on the uncontrolled use of antibiotics and the lack of worldwide-accepted healthcare policies, the COVID-19 pandemic has provided the best premises for the emergence of life-threatening infections. Based on changes described in the intestinal microbiome, showing an increased number of Enterococcus bacteria and increased intestinal permeability due to viral infection, infections with Enterococcus have taken the spotlight in the healthcare setting; (2) Methods: We conducted a brief review in order to analyze the relationship between the two pathogens: the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Enterococcus bacterial genus. We searched in PubMed, the Cochrane Library electronic database and MedNar and included twenty-one studies based on relevance; (3) Results: The existing studies show a statistically significant difference in the composition of the intestinal microbiome, favoring Enterococcus genus, when compared to a control group. Changes also seem to persist over a period of time, suggesting possible implications for long COVID. Regarding bloodstream infections, Enterococcus is statistically significantly isolated more often when compared to the pre-COVID-19 era, and to a control group of non-COVID-19 patients. (4) Conclusions: The intimate synergy between COVID-19 and Enterococcus has the potential to pose a real threat to human healthcare, and more extensive research is needed to explore the relationship between these two pathogens.

The impact of globalization and the growing digitalization of the economy is becoming increasingly felt in the area of economic criminality, and we therefore believe that it is a matter of urgency to seek viable and effective solutions to manage this area of concerns, thus preventing the contamination of the borderline that currently separates legal and illegal technologies, depending on how they are regulated or not. In this light, the aim of our paper is to explore those instances in which blockchain accounting has the potential to be a viable solution to guarantee the security and legality of economic and financial transactions, thereby significantly mitigating the impact and frequency of economic criminality. The main objectives we pursue are to define the nature of the interrelation among the concept of blockchain, accounting and economic criminality and to evaluate the potential advantages of implementing blockchain technology in the accounting system. The main findings are a comprehensive mapping of the network that links blockchain technology, accounting and economic criminality employing the clustering method. These are likely to be of valuable assistance not only for the legislator, but also for the shaping of future research paths in this field and, last but not least, for an essential group of stakeholders such as computer scientists, accountants, auditors and national governments.

Under conditions of uncertainty, the financial performance of a state (which is the attribute of the state's assurance of welfare through the contribution of economic activity to the financial-budgetary vectors) changes in relation to the influences of uncertainty factors and the response of the entropy of the system to the social protection measures adopted by the authorities in response to the crisis. Thus, in the opinion of the authors, the financial performance can be quantified according to the capacity of the resources to satisfy the financial needs, in an equitable measure, based on the allowed access, in the presence of protection against financial risk and through the sustainable consumption of resources. We propose to develop a model for assessing financial performance under uncertainty based on the consumption vector represented by the average monthly cost felt by the employer. The methods used are prospective (literature study) and analytical (consolidation of a Romania-Moldova parallel database for relevant macroeconomic indicators: active population, Total state companies' revenues of, Number of state companies, Number of employees, Total national income). The results of the study materialize in the assessment of economic development patterns influencing financial performance by creating parallel correlations with effect in delineating the influences of endogenous and exogenous factors on the financial performance of the two countries.

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic vasculopathy characterized by progressive bilateral stenosis and occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and the presence of an abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain, termed Moyamoya vessels (MMV). The main presentations of MMD are ischemia and hemorrhage, and diagnosis is done via angiography. Cerebral events were reported in 5.1% of pregnancies of MMD diagnosed mothers, in Japan. In the case of MMD diagnosis due to cerebrovascular events during gestation, 34.7% of patients presented with an ischemic event, while 69.5% suffered from hemorrhage. During gestation, hemorrhagic events were found to occur mostly antepartum, after 24 weeks of gestation, while cerebral infarction peaked 3-7 days after delivery. No treatment has been found to halt or reverse the progress of the disease. Interventions focus on reducing the risk of stroke and cognitive disfunction as a result of ischemia. In the case of pregnant women suffering hemorrhage due to MMD, conservative treatment, as well as ventricle puncture and drainage were to be efficient, and did not severely impact the child. When diagnosed before pregnancy occurs, MMD under treatment does not pose a significantly increased risk of complications, compared to pregnancies in unaffected women. No evidence suggests that MMD is a contraindication for pregnancy.

The aim of this study is to bring to the fore the importance of physical training in the youth segment. Starting from the idea that physical training has an essential role in the training process of athletes, we conducted a sociological survey based on a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed written and online to a number of 56 coaches and theorists from the Physical Education faculties specialized in handball. The research methods used during this study were: the method of analyzing specialized and interdisciplinary literature, the pedagogical observation method, the survey method, the statistical-mathematical method, the graphic method and the tabular method. The results highlighted the fact that the didactic strategies designed to plan the physical training represent a defining element in the training process of the athletes during their sports training.

The use of plasma-activated media (PAM), an alternative to direct delivery of cold atmospheric plasma to cancer cells, has recently gained interest in the plasma medicine field. Paclitaxel (PTX) is used as a chemotherapy of choice for various types of breast cancers, which is the leading cause of mortality in females due to cancer. In this study, we evaluated an alternative way to improve anti-cancerous efficiency of PTX by association with PAM, the ultimate achievement being a better outcome in killing tumoral cells at smaller doses of PTX. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines were used, and the outcome was measured by cell viability (MTT assay), the survival rate (clonogenic assay), apoptosis occurrence, and genotoxicity (COMET assay). Treatment consisted of the use of PAM in combination with under IC50 doses of PTX in short- and long-term models. The experimental data showed that PAM had the capacity to improve PTX’s cytotoxicity, as viability of the breast cancer cells dropped, an effect maintained in long-term experiments. A higher frequency of apoptotic, dead cells, and DNA fragmentation was registered in cells treated with the combined treatment as compared with those treated only with PT. Overall, PAM had the capacity to amplify the anti-cancerous effect of PTX.

Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) is an annual legume tolerant to drought. Guar meal (GM) is a protein- and carbohydrate-rich co-product generated after the mechanical separation of the endosperm from the germ and hull of guar seed. GM has received considerable interest in animal feed as an alternative to soybean meal (SM). In this study, we aimed to assess the nitrogen (N) balance indicators, performance, carcass traits, and main greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions resulting from enteric fermentation (E-CH4) and manure (M-CH4 and N2O). Two tests were performed: (i) a biological trial on 45 pigs (15 animals/group) and (ii) a digestibility test in metabolism cages (N = 15, 5 replicates/group). Three different diets were given to the pigs: one diet was based on 0% GM (SM diet); in the second, GM-50%, GM replaced 50% of the SM; and the third was GM-100%, in which GM fully replaced the SM. The GM and SM diets were analyzed for their proximate composition. A model based on prediction equations was used to estimate the GHGs. GM up to 10% in the diets of finishing pigs did not significantly impact growth performance or carcass traits, although a slight increase in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) was observed. GM up to 10% improved N digestibility (p < 0.0001), net protein utilization (p < 0.0001), the biological value of protein, coefficients of metabolizability, and the coefficient of the total tract’s apparent digestibility. Irrespective of its dietary proportion, GM decreased total nitrogen output (TNO, p = 0.11). A highly significant impact was noted for N2O and E-CH4 (for DM, p < 0.0001), as well as a significant impact for E-CH4, expressed as g CO2 Eq (p = 0.007), and g CO2 Eq. LU (livestock unit, p = 0.005), also reported as ADG (p = 0.024). Manure, M-CH4, was not significantly influenced. In conclusion, GM can replace up to 100% SM and is thus a valuable byproduct that does not alter animal performance and can positively impact N2O and E-CH4.

In an increasingly changing world, critical thinking is one of the key skills that ensure organizations’ competitive advantage. Thus, in higher education institutions, there is an accelerating emphasis on developing critical thinking (CT) among students. This paper presented the results of three experimental courses (pedagogy and didactics of financial accounting, virtual learning environments in economics, and business communication), using a blended learning method, aimed at improving students’ CT skills. The three courses were delivered by both higher education teachers and trainers from the labor market. After analyzing the data from the three experimental courses, it will be possible to assess whether the intervention of labor market trainers contributed to the improvement of students’ critical thinking skills, and in particular, at the level of which these component improvements have been identified.

Metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously termed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), has emerged as a prominent global cause of chronic liver disease and is increasingly recognized as associated with atherosclerotic vascular illness, consolidating its position along traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Individuals with MASLD exhibit a combination of metabolic syndrome risk factors, carotid atherosclerosis, and increased arterial stiffness, hinting at shared pathogenesis. In this study, we aim to explore liver involvement and arterial stiffness within metabolic syndrome. We enrolled 75 patients (30 male and 45 female) with either liver steatosis on conventional ultrasound, altered liver function tests, or the presence of cardiometabolic risk factors after excluding liver pathology other than MASLD. Clinical evaluation, laboratory measurements, abdominal and carotid ultrasounds, vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE, Fibroscan), and assessment with the Arteriograph (Tensiomed) were performed. The 26 patients diagnosed with MetS had significantly higher liver involvement as quantified via the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), Fibrosis-4 (FIB4), aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) category, and VCTE measurements, as well as Agile 3+ and Agile 4 scores which use a combination of clinical and laboratory parameters together with results obtained from VCTE to reflect the probability of advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis. Patients with MetS also exhibited more pronounced vascular involvement as quantified via arterial stiffness measurements and CIMT (carotid intima–media thickness). We applied a two-step clustering algorithm to enhance our analysis, which gave us pertinent insight into the interplay between metabolic syndrome elements and typologies of hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness degrees. Notably, of the three obtained clusters, the cluster showing increased levels of hepatic steatosis and arterial stiffness also exhibited the highest prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its constituting components. The results have significant clinical implications, advocating for a comprehensive diagnostic approach when MetS or MASLD is suspected.

Background The research was aimed at comparing the effect of using two types of training load different in intensity and energy supply. We studied the influence of the proposed load variations (machine and free weight exercises) on long-term adaptation of the body at the stage of specialized basic training in bodybuilding. Methods A total of 64 athletes aged 18–20 years were examined. The research participants were randomly divided into four groups, 16 athletes in each group. Athletes of group 1 and 3 used a complex of free weight exercises. Group 2 and 4 participants performed machine exercises. Bodybuilders of group 1 and 2 were trained in conditions of medium intensity training load (Ra = 0.58) in the anaerobic-glycolytic mode of energy supply. Athletes of the 3rd and 4th groups used high intensity load (Ra = 0.71) in the anaerobic-alactate mode of energy supply. We managed to determine the nature of adaptation processes using methods of control testing of strength capabilities, bioimpedansometry, anthropometry, biochemical analysis of blood serum (LDH, creatinine). Results The study showed that the difference in the dynamics of the participants’ maximum strength development (on example of chest muscles) did not depend on the content of machine or free weight exercises, but on the features of training load regimes. Thus, the controlled indicator of strength capabilities in athletes of groups 3 and 4 increased by 5.1% compared to groups 1 and 2. During all stages of the study, the indicators of the projectile working mass in athletes of groups 3 and 4 exceeded the results observed in groups 1 and 2 by 25.9%. At the same time, the amount of load in a set is on average 2 times higher in athletes of groups 1 and 2. Group 4 athletes, who used machine exercises and high intensity training load, increased the circumferential body measurements by 3.8 times (the chest), compared to the results recorded in group 1 athletes. Athletes of group 1 and 2 showed increasing in body fat by 3.4% compared to the initial level on the background of large load volume. The basal creatine level in bodybuilders of groups 3 and 4 increased by 3.7 times after 12 weeks of study, which indicates an accelerated growth of muscle mass. Conclusion The most pronounced adaptive body changes in bodybuilders at the stage of specialized basic training occurred during high intensity training load and anaerobic-alactate energy supply mode. Machine exercises contributed to increasing the morpho functional indicators of athletes more than free weight exercises.