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This study aims to develop a valid and feasible Android-based interactive e-module on the subject of salt hydrolysis to improve High order thinking skills of students. The research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model. The research instrument is a validation test questionnaire and feasibility test with qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques. The results of the expert validation test obtained an average value of 81.85% with Good criteria and in the feasibility test obtained an average value of 88.18% with Good criteria. So that the interactive android-based e-module on the material of salt hydrolysis to improve High order thinking skills is feasible and practical to use in learning.

In physical education (PE), the lack of motivation becomes a problem in the learning process, leading to the student inactivity and late in participating in physical education lessons. Therefore, it is necessary to use appropriate learning models to increase the student motivation in learning physical education. The learning model that can be used to improve the student motivation is the Team-Assisted Instructions (TAI) as one of the Cooperative Learning (CL) model types. This research aimed to examine the effect of TAI on the motivation of vocational high school students in learning physical education. The research method used experimental research with one-group pretest-posttest design. The participants involved in this study were 25 class X students from one of the vocational high schools in Indramayu Regency selected using the saturated sampling technique. The instrument used in this research was the Academic Self-Regulation Questionnaire in physical education learning for middle and high school students. The data analysis technique of this research employed statistical descriptions and paired sample t-tests. The research results indicate that there is an effect of TAI on the motivation of vocational high school students in learning physical education. Further research is suggested to conduct investigations regarding the TAI model fidelity and the use of references in the implementation of TAI.

Membaca merupakan proses memahami, menafsirkan, dan mengekstraksi informasi dari serangkaian kata yang memerlukan waktu. Melalui internet, akses membaca semakin luas dengan adanya konten seperti artikel, e-book, jurnal, dan lainnya yang mayoritas disajikan dalam bahasa Inggris. Melalui survei terhadap 30 mahasiswa mengenai kegiatan membaca cepat dan relevansinya terhadap bahasa Inggris, sebanyak 76.7% darinya tidak mengetahui kecepatan membaca mereka dan 56.7% mengaku sering membaca teks berbahasa Inggris. Ada baiknya jika kemampuan membaca cepat dilatih dengan penggunaan bahasa Inggris untuk membangun motivasi terhadap literasi digital yang luas. Melalui pengamatan tersebut, dikembangkan aplikasi berbasis progressive web app (PWA) menggunakan metode SDLC prototyping. Melalui proses prototyping sebanyak 2 kali iterasi, dihasilkan aplikasi PWA ‘Speed Reader’ yang bertujuan untuk membantu berlatih membaca cepat secara senyap dengan materi bacaan berbahasa Inggris. Hasil evaluasi pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi ini kompatibel pada perangkat mobile dan dapat berjalan secara cross-browser. Setiap fitur berhasil dijalankan dengan tingkat validitas 100% pada pengujian efektivitas. Melalui pengujian efisiensi, didapatkan waktu penyelesaian tugas sebesar 0,156 tugas per detik. Hasil pengujian kepuasan pengguna melalui pengukuran System Usability Scale (SUS) mencapai nilai 84 dengan kategori grade B dan tergolong acceptable. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengguna berhasil mencapai tujuan mereka dan aplikasi ini layak untuk digunakan. Abstract Reading is a process of understanding, interpreting, and extracting information from a series of words that takes time. The internet has significantly broadened reading access, providing abundant content like articles, e-books, journals, predominantly in English. A survey conducted among 30 students explored their engagement in speed reading and its relevance to English. Surprisingly, 76.7% of participants were unaware of their reading speed, while 56.7% acknowledged frequent reading of English texts. To foster extensive digital literacy, it is advisable to train speed reading skills specifically using the English language. Based on this observation, a Progressive Web App (PWA) was developed utilizing the SDLC prototyping method. The development of an app called 'Speed Reader' was aimed to facilitate the practice of silent speed reading with English materials. Evaluation tests demonstrated the application's compatibility with mobile devices and its cross-browser functionality. Each feature achieved a 100% validity rate in effectiveness testing. Moreover, efficiency testing revealed a task completion time of 0.156 tasks per second. User satisfaction assessments, conducted using the SUS method, yielded a score of 84, categorizing it as grade B and considered acceptable. It can be concluded that the users have successfully achieved their goals, and this application is deemed suitable.

West Java experienced 522 earthquake events, of which 93 occurred in Tasikmalaya City and Regency. This has made a lot of noise in the community and created excessive concern, so the community needs to be educated, especially in terms of preparedness in dealing with earthquake disasters in order to prevent more severe impacts. Elementary school education is the first door to introduce students to disaster preparedness and mitigation. One of the elementary schools that does not have non-structural mitigation efforts is Cihideungbalong Islamic Elementary School. The location, which is in a densely populated area, is also vulnerable to the effects of earthquake disasters, so it is necessary to have an earthquake anticipation evacuation route and counseling in the Cihideungbalong Islamic Elementary School environment. The method used is socialization about earthquake anticipation and simulation assistance after an earthquake by following the evacuation route. Increasing students' knowledge of the earthquake, which consists of knowledge about the dangers of the earthquake, making support tools and evacuation routes for earthquake anticipation. The results of this activity have increased student preparedness, from an increase of 17 percent for student knowledge of how the earthquake occurs, 33 percent regarding student calmness in facing the earthquake, 56 percent for self-rescue during an earthquake, and 78 percent for accuracy/skill of students in simulating self-rescue through the earthquake evacuation route.

This study discusses the importance of government and community collaboration in the preservation and potential use of Siak Sri Indrapura Cultural Heritage Area. It is not easy to carry out preservation as mandated by the law, because in practice various problems may arise, especially those related to the area’s use. The purpose of this study is to integrate interpretations concerning the importance of government and community collaboration in the preservation of cultural heritage areas and those concerning their potential use by taking into account socio-cultural and economic values. This study was designed using a convergent qualitative and quantitative approach (convergent mixed methods approach) to collect data. Those data were then analyzed separately, and the results were then compared, resulting in whether findings in the form of mutual information become normalized or, conversely, do not normalize each other. This study identified the need for community participation in compiling significant values of the heritage and the similarity between government’s interpretation and public perception of socio-cultural and economic values.

Background: Physical education learning in Indonesia has had to switch to using the Kurikulum Merdeka which focuses more on students as the center of learning with project reports and project themes. Motivation is very important for students in following the learning process. Sport Education is a learning strategy that facilitates students and teachers with projects in the learning process and can increase student learning motivation. Objectives: The aim of the research was to examine the influence of SE on learning motivation in MTs students. Methods: The research method used in this research uses an experimental research method with a one-shot case study design. Participants in this research were 48 students at one of the MTs in Indramayu Regency. The instrument in this research used a student learning motivation questionnaire. The data analysis technique uses a one-sample t test. Results: The results of this research obtained t count = 7.05 with Sig. 0.00 < 0.05, which means that there is an influence of SE on the learning motivation of MTs students. Conclusion: This research concludes that there is an influence of SE on learning motivation in Junior High Schoolstudents.

Background: Chronic low back pain is one of the musculoskeletal health problems that is common in society, including athletes. Chronic low back pain occurs in people in various countries, including Indonesia, with estimates that they experience pain that lasts approximately 24 hours for 3 months or more and often occurs at the age of 20-40 years. Disorders found in chronic low back pain sufferers usually experience pain in the lower back area. By using Swedish massage, which is a massage method to relax muscles, reduce pain and improve blood circulation, plus the use of ginger oil, which is a formulation commonly used to relieve pain and also as aromatherapy, can reduce the problem of chronic lower back pain. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the effect of Swedish massage using ginger oil on chronic low back pain. Methods: The research method uses experiments with a one-group pretest-posttest design. There were 7 participants taken using incidental sampling. The research instrument used the Visual Analogue Scale. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistics and paired samples t test. Results: The research results obtained tcount = 6.33 with Sig. 0.00 < 0.05 which means there is an influence of SM using ginger oil on CLBP. Conclusion: This research concluded that there was an effect of Swedish massage using ginger oil on chronic low back pain. Further research with more participants is needed. Thus, the research results can be generalized, especially to women who have not been able to reveal anything in this research.

This paper investigates the phenomenon and factors that influence quiet quitting behavior that is happening in millennial and Z generation workers. Quiet quitting is employee behavior that chooses to work moderately according to the tasks that have been given. Several previous research results found that this behavior can be anticipated by increasing job satisfaction which is influenced by empowering leadership, organizational culture, and work overload. This research was designed with a survey method and using a quantitative approach. Data collection in this study used online questionnaires distributed to workers in the age range of millennial and Z generations. The data analysis technique used in this research is Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS software. The number of samples in this study was 600 respondents. The respondents are dominated by workers on the islands of Java and Sumatra and the rest are from other regions in Indonesia. The findings of this research highlight the negative effect of job satisfaction towards quiet quitting behavior in millennial and Z workers. Another result of this study is that there is a positive effect of empowering leadership and organizational culture on job satisfaction, while work overload have a negative effect on job satisfaction. The research results are useful information for planning strategies to retain employees and provide their best performance at work. These findings are significant to measure the factors that influence job satisfaction of millennial and generation Z employees so that they do not quiet quitting or leaving the company.

Background Problems: Responsibility is an important part for students to study at university. In the learning process, students arrive late to take part in learning and do not complete assignments or even do not do them. By using Sport Education (SE) students are given assignments in a role to be responsible for the success of learning. SE has a strong connection to the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) curriculum with students as the center of learning. Research Objectives: The aim of this research is to find out the responsibilities of each subscale according to the student's role after using SE and to test the effect of using SE on student responsibilities. Methods: The research method uses experimentation with a one-shot case study design. The participants involved in this research were 53 students at one of the universities in the sports studies program in Indramayu who were taken using convenience sampling techniques. The research instrument used the Contextual Self-Responsibility Questionnaire for sports program students. The data analysis technique uses statistical descriptions to determine the mean and standard deviation and tests hypotheses using the one-sample t test. Finding/Results: This research provides new findings regarding student responsibilities using SE at university level, especially in Indonesia as a support for the MBKM curriculum. Conclusion: This research concludes that there is an influence after using SE on student responsibility. Further investigation is needed regarding the administration of pretests, the existence of comparison classes, and the development of instruments to facilitate all roles according to the characteristics of roles in SE.

Context: Music-based interventions are widely acknowledged to promote the wellbeing of care home residents, particularly those whose communication is impaired, such as through stroke or dementia. Yet in such settings the use of music is limited for reasons that are not entirely clear. Objectives: The Music Interventions for Depression and Dementia in ELderly care (MIDDEL) trial in 16 English care homes was used as a case study to highlight key issues which appear to affect the successful implementation and evaluation of music-based interventions. Methods: The fidelity data from the MIDDEL trial was used to develop inferences in consultation with interventionists and researchers. Based on the literature about implementing psychosocial interventions in care homes and data from this study, a checklist was developed to enhance implementation and research pertaining to music-based interventions in care homes. Findings: New insights were found on the adherence of interventionists to the fidelity criteria. Pragmatic issues relevant to conducting a trial immediately after a pandemic are highlighted, including: the difficulties of maintaining engagement with care home personnel and the practicalities of delivering an intensive intervention to a population who have depression and dementia. We derive recommendations for improving future interventional studies in care homes. Limitations: The participating care homes may not be representative of the industry. The Covid pandemic complicated the study in numerous ways documented here. Implications: The lessons learned offer guidance for future implementation and research on music-based interventions in residential care settings.

Indonesia boasts a diverse range of indigenous scripts, called Nusantara scripts, which encompass Bali, Batak, Bugis, Javanese, Kawi, Kerinci, Lampung, Pallava, Rejang, and Sundanese scripts. However, prevailing character detection techniques predominantly cater to Latin or Chinese scripts. In an extension of our prior work, which concentrated on the classification of script types and character recognition within Nusantara script systems, this study advances our research by integrating object detection techniques, employing the YOLOv5 model, and enhancing performance through the incorporation of the U-Net model to facilitate the pinpointing of fundamental Nusantara script's character locations within input document images. Subsequently, our investigation delves into rearranging these character positions in alignment with the distinctive styles of Nusantara scripts. Experimental results reveal YOLOv5's performance, yielding a loss rate of approximately 0.05 in character location detection. Concurrently, the U-Net model exhibits an accuracy ranging from 75% to 90% for predicting character regions. While YOLOv5 may not achieve flawless detection of all Nusantara scripts, integrating the U-Net model significantly enhances the detection rate by 1.2%.

Abstract Background A robust evidence base is required to assist healthcare commissioners and providers in selecting effective and sustainable approaches to improve cancer diagnosis and treatment. Such evidence can be difficult to build, given the fast-paced and highly pressured nature of healthcare delivery, the absence of incentives, and the presence of barriers in conducting pragmatic yet robust research evaluations. Cancer Research UK (CRUK) has played an active part in building the evidence base through its funding of programmes to identify, evaluate and scale-up innovative approaches across the UK. The aim of this paper is to describe and explain the research design and intended approach and activities for two cancer services improvement projects in Scotland funded by CRUK. Methods A hybrid effectiveness-implementation study design will assess both the efficiency of the new pathways and their implementation strategies, with the aim of generating knowledge for scale-up. A range of implementation, service and clinical outcomes will be assessed as determined by the projects’ Theories of Change (ToCs). A naturalistic case study approach will enable in-depth exploration of context and process, and the collection and synthesis of data from multiple sources including routine datasets, patient and staff surveys, in-depth interviews and observational and other data. The evaluations are informed throughout by a patient/public representatives’ group, and by small group discussions with volunteer cancer patients. Discussion Our approach has been designed to provide a holistic understanding of how (well) the improvement projects work (in relation to their anticipated outcomes), and how they interact with their wider contexts. The evaluations will help identify barriers, facilitators, and unanticipated consequences that can impact scalability, sustainability and spread. By opting for a pragmatic, participatory evaluation research design, we hope to inform strategies for scaling up successful innovations while addressing challenges in a targeted manner.

Background : Hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary atresia lead to end-stage liver disease, which requires liver transplantation and is linked to increased mortality. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital is the national referral center in Indonesia and is the only center that routinely performs living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This study presents the characteristics of living liver donors (LLDs) in Indonesia. Methods : Using the LDLT registry, we conducted a retrospective analysis of all approved donors from 2010 to 2022. The variables included clinical characteristics of the donors, graft types, and intraoperative and postoperative characteristics. Results : The LDLT rate has increased from 5.8 to 8.8 procedures/year in the last 8 years. The average age of the 76 LLDs was 31.8 years. They were predominantly female (59%) and lived within a family relationship (90%). Pediatric LDLT was more frequent than adult LDLT (88% vs. 12%, respectively). Most grafts (86%) were obtained by left lateral sectionectomy, with a median ratio of remnant liver volume to total liver volume of 79.5% (range, 47.7%–85.8%) and a mean graft-to-recipient weight ratio of 2.65%±1.21%. The median intensive care unit length of stay (LOS) was 2 days (range, 1–5 days) and the total hospital LOS was 7 days (range, 4–28 days). The complication rate was 23%. No donor mortality was reported. Conclusions: LDLT in Indonesia has increased over the years. The shortage of donors for adult-to-adult liver transplantation is due to cultural differences and challenges in finding eligible donors. This study aims to explain the eligibility criteria of LLDs and contribute to creating a national policy.

The number of speakers of regional languages who are able to read and to write traditional scripts in Indonesia is decreasing. If left unaddressed, this will lead to the extinction of Nusantara scripts and it is not impossible that their reading methods will be forgotten in the future. To anticipate this, this study aims to preserve the knowledge of reading ancient scripts by developing a Deep Learning model that can read document images written using one of the 10 Nusantara scripts we have collected: Bali, Batak, Bugis, Javanese, Kawi, Kerinci, Lampung, Pallava, Rejang, and Sundanese. While previous studies have made efforts to read traditional Nusantara scripts using various Machine Learning and Convolutional Neural Network algorithms, they have primarily focused on specific scripts and lacked an integrated approach from script type recognition to character recognition. This study is the first to comprehensively address the entire range of Nusantara scripts, encompassing script type detection and character recognition. Convolutional Neural Network, ConvMixer, and Visual Transformer models were utilized and their respective performances were compared. The results demonstrate that our models achieved 96% accuracy in classifying Nusantara script types, with character recognition accuracy ranging from 93% to approximately 100% across the ten scripts.

Background Problems: At the higher education level, there is no valid and reliable perception instrument about Sport Education. Research Objectives: This study aims to adapt the Sport Education Scale and provide validity and reliability evidence for used in the Indonesian context of higher education. Methods: The research method used survey. A convenient sample of 156 students who had been taught Sport Education participated in this study, who completed the Sport Education Scale. The research instrument used the Sport Education Scale. Data analysis techniques used confirmation factor analysis. Findings and Results: The results of this study confirmed that the Indonesian version of the Sport Education Scale for Higher Education can be used to assess the features of Sport Education in the context of Higher Education. The research in this study refers to it as the “Indonesian version of the Higher Education Sport Education Scale”. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of the Higher Education-Sports Education Scale implemented through the Sports Education curriculum is able to make a positive contribution to the development of Higher Education curriculum in Indonesia, especially those that adopt the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka approach. In line with these findings, future research should focus on further investigation related to the application of the Sports Education Scale at educational levels other than Higher Education in Indonesia. In addition, recommendations for future research may include the development of sports teaching methods that focus on educational values and an increased understanding of the benefits of Sports Education in the context of Higher Education. This helps improve the quality of the Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka curriculum in Indonesia.

Representational State Transfer (REST) is an architectural style that underlies the protocol of HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and is used by web applications. The implementation of REST principles in web services is often known as RESTful API. The standard communication used in RESTful APIs uses HTTP without involving data compression. There are quite a lot of RESTful API clients in the form of mobile applications that use metered networks. Thus, reducing the required bandwidth during transmission is suggested to be beneficial. The data compression technique is widely known to reduce data size, but this additional step may yield side effects such as increased memory usage and processing time. This study aims to investigate how the data compression process, which specifically uses Zlib and Base64 encoding, may put additional load on the whole process of delivering content to a RESTful API. The performance and characteristics in terms of bandwidth saved when distributing JSON data from a RESTful API in compressed format are also be investigated. According to the experiment result, it is suggested that the compression process can reduce network bandwidth by up to 66% with negligible additional memory usage for the compression and decompression processes.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan di bidang transportasi terkait penentuan rute perjalanan menggunakan transportasi umum dengan mengembangkan sistem dan aplikasi perangkat bergerak yang mampu merekomendasikan rute perjalanan angkutan umum di kota Malang. Rekomendasi rute perjalanan dihasilkan dari penerapan algoritme Dijkstra dari rute transportasi angkutan umum di Kota Malang yang dimodelkan dalam struktur data graf. Bagian yang akan dinilai pada penelitian ini adalah perbandingan efektivitas penggunaan format JSON terutama pada penghematan bandwidth. Teknik kompresi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Zlib yang dikombinasikan dengan encoding Base64. Analisis juga dilakukan terhadap beban tambahan dan penggunaan memori akibat proses kompresi serta analisis waktu komputasi dan penggunaan memori akibat penyederhanaan struktur data graf melalui pendekatan visual dengan algoritme Douglas-Peucker. Penggunaan dokumen dalam format JSON terbukti efektif digunakan sebagai media komunikasi, penggunaan kompresi data dapat menghemat penggunaan bandwidth untuk mendistribusikan data di Internet sebesar 64,61%, dan memberikan beban tambahan pada memori yang diperlukan oleh server untuk kompresi data sebesar 0,44%. Selain itu, dengan penyederhanaan graf secara visual, waktu proses yang diperlukan untuk merekomendasikan rute transportasi menjadi lebih singkat 81,24% serta berkurangnya penggunaan memori hingga 72,99%. Abstract This research aims to solve problems in the field of transportation related to determining travel plans using public transportation by developing systems and mobile applications based on Google Android that recommend public transport plans in Malang City. The plans are generated from the implementation of Dijkstra's algorithm, which is modeled in the graph data structure. This study determines the effectiveness of using JSON format, the bandwidth saved for distributing data on the Internet from Zlib data compression and Base64 encoding, and analyzes additional memory usage due to compression and the impact of data simplification through a visual approach on transport network graphs with the Douglas-Peucker algorithm. This study suggested that the use of JSON format is effective as a communication medium, and the use of data compression allows clients to save bandwidth usage by up to 64.61% with an additional 0.44% of memory load for data compression. Additionally, visually simplifying the graph data improved the system's performance; it reduced the average processing time to recommend transportation routes by 81.24% and reduced memory usage by up to 72.99%.

Konfigurasi Router merupakan salah satu hal penting dalam jaringan komputer. Proses ini memerlukan pemahaman tentang bahasa dan sintaks khusus yang dapat memakan waktu lama bagi seseorang yang tidak terbiasa. Penerapan Natural language processing bisa membantu mengatasi masalah ini. Untuk mencapai tujuan dari penerapan ini, Finetuning perlu dilakukan pada model yang ada seperti model GPT-J-6B yang telah dilatih menggunakan 6 milyar parameter. Dengan menggunakan dataset yang terdiri dari konfigurasi router, diharapkan proses finetuning bisa meningkatkan performa model untuk mendeteksi maksud dari input text dalam Bahasa natural yang kemudian bisa memberikan command-command yang sesuai dengan perintah yang diberikan. Selain itu penggunaan teknik lain seperti Low Rank Adaptation (LoRA) yang dapat digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan proses Finetuning agar lebih efisien tanpa mengurangi performa model, dan penggunaan teknik 8-bit quantization untuk memperkecil penggunaan resource saat menjalankan model. Dengan beberapa teknik ini, proses finetuning dapat dilakukan dengan stabil dalam Google Colaboratory. Oleh karena itu, dengan implementasi NLP pada konfigurasi router ini dan teknik-teknik diatas, dapat meningkatkan efektivitas pengelolaan jaringan dengan menggunakan waktu dan sumber daya yang efisien. Melalui penelitian ini berhasil didapatkan model konfigurasi router berbasis NLP dengan akurasi sebesar 98%.

BackgroundRegulatory sandboxes offer an alternative solution to address regulatory challenges in adopting disruptive technologies. Although regulatory sandboxes have been widely implemented in the financial sector across more than 50 countries, their application to the health sector remains limited. ObjectiveThis study aims to explore stakeholders’ perspectives on introducing a regulatory sandbox into the Indonesian health system using e-malaria as a use case. MethodsUsing a participatory action research approach, this study conducted qualitative research, including desk reviews, focus group discussions, and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. This study sought to understand stakeholders’ concerns and interests regarding the regulatory sandbox and to collaboratively develop a regulatory sandbox model to support the malaria program. ResultsThe study revealed that most stakeholders had limited awareness of the regulatory sandbox concept. Concerns have been raised regarding the time required to establish regulations, knowledge gaps among stakeholders, data protection issues, and limited digital infrastructure in malaria endemic areas. Existing regulations have been found to be inadequate to accommodate disruptive healthtech for malaria. Nevertheless, through a collaborative process, stakeholders successfully developed a regulatory sandbox model specifically for e-malaria, with the crucial support of the Ministry of Health. ConclusionsThe regulatory sandbox holds the potential for adoption in the Indonesian health system to address the limited legal framework and to facilitate the rapid and safe adoption of disruptive healthtech in support of the malaria elimination program. Through stakeholder involvement, guidelines for implementing the regulatory sandbox were developed and innovators were successfully invited to participate in the first-ever trial of a health regulatory sandbox for e-malaria in Indonesia. Future studies should provide further insights into the challenges encountered during the e-malaria regulatory sandbox pilot study, offering a detailed account of the implementation process.

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference between the effect of the STAD learning model and the effect of the conventional learning model on elementary school student learning motivation. The research used an experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design. The participants were 26 sixth graders in one of the elementary schools in Indramayu district taken using systematic sampling. The research instrument used a learning motivation questionnaire in physical education for elementary school students. The analysis technique used an independent-samples t-test. The results of the study concluded that there was a difference between the effect of the STAD learning model and the effect of the conventional learning model on the learning motivation of elementary school students. Further investigation of the use of the STAD learning model on other affective aspects, especially creativity, is needed. In addition, it is suggested to conduct research with larger number of participants so that the results of this study can be generalized, especially at the elementary school level.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training methods and achievement motivation on badminton skills. The method used in this study was an experimental research method with a factorial design. Participants of this study were 28 badminton athletes chosen using a systematic sampling technique. The instruments used were the badminton games performance test and achievement motivation questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used statistical descriptions, the two-way ANOVA test, and the Tukey test. The results of the study concluded that there was an effect of training methods and achievement motivation on badminton playing skills. It is suggested that further research is conducted by involving more participants, thus the results can be more generalized.

Abstrak Banyak jenis penyakit dan hama yang menyerang tanaman ketang masih dijumpai oleh para petani di Indonesia. Padahal kentang merupakan jenis sayuran yang tergolong familiar dan termasuk makanan pokok utama. Diperlukan metode klasifikasi untuk menggambarkan dan membandingkan hasil akurasi penyakit kentang. Dalam penelitian ini akan melakukan image processing dengan teknik transfer learning dan dilakukan augmentasi data, menggunakan metode klasifikasi Convolitonal Neural Network (CNN) dengan jenis VGG16 dan ResNet50 dan Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) jenis LSTM untuk mengklasifikasi dan membandingkan hasil akurasi penyakit daun kentang seperti, Late blight (Busuk Daun), Early blight (Bercak Daun), Daun Berlubang, Daun Menggulung dan Daun sehat. Pada penelitian ini mencari model terbaik dengan arsitektur VGG16 dense layer 75 memperoleh nilai tertinggi dengan nilai precision 0.87, recall 0.86, accuracy 0.86 dan f1-score 0.86, sedangkan untuk model dengan arsitektur VGG16 dan LSTM dense layer 100 memperoleh hasil terendah dengan nilai precision 0.21, recall 0.24, accuracy 0.24 dan f1-score 0.21. Abstract Many types of diseases that attack potato plants are still found by farmers in Indonesia. Whereas potato is a type of vegetable that is quite familiar and includes the main staple food. A classification method is needed to describe and compare the results of potato disease accuracy. In this study, image processing with transfer learning techniques and data augmentation will be carried out, using the CNN classification method with VGG16 and ResNet50 types and RNN LSTM types to classify and compare the results of potato leaf disease accuracy in five category In this study, looking for the best model with VGG16 dense layer architecture 75 obtained the highest value with a precision value of 0.87, recall 0.86, Accuracy 0.86, and f1-score 0.86, while the model with VGG16 architecture and LSTM dense layer 100 obtained the lowest result with a precision value of 0.21, recall 0.24, Accuracy 0.24 and f1-score 0.21.

Recent findings indicate Nigeria is among the top countries with devastating consequences of fire incidences. The volatile position of Port-Harcourt as an oil-producing capital city is seen as one of the reasons why fire disasters occur in hotels, among other high rises institutional building structures. Thisstudy, therefore, explored the factors responsible for the high incidence s of fires in Port-Harcourt, Nigeria. As phenomenological research involving humans, a 5-point Likert scale cross-sectional questionnaire survey instruments were developed using online Google forms to evaluate people's awareness, identify the material factors that promote fire incidents, and assess the present policy and standards to control fire incidents. The ordinal scaled data collected from 108 respondents were tested to be reliable with a Cronbach alpha of 0.958 using the SPSS Statistic software and further analyzed using the Structural Equation Modelling approach. Results show that hotel workers in Port-Harcourt are aware of fire safety management issues, though periodic retraining is required as new technologies evolve. Safety standards are also relatively maintained inthe placement of equipment power points, extinguishers, and emergency controls. However, the significant causes of the fire were attributed to electrical and mechanical devices installed and utilized on the hotel premises. While the study calls for the installation of high-quality equipment in hotels, more inquiry is needed to check the reliability of individual equipment. A framework was finally conceptualized for further research and replicating the study in other contexts. This study's findings are essential to hotel entrepreneurs and managers, fire experts, building designers, and researchers.

Abstract Aims and objective To test a spaced retrieval intervention using spaced retrieval to alleviate mealtime difficulties in older people with dementia. Design A single‐case study design. Setting Nursing Homes in North Central England, United Kingdom. Participants Older people with Alzheimer’s disease. Methods A single‐case study using an ABA design was used. Data were collected using the Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scale, Mini Nutritional Assessment, and Body Mass Index before intervention, postintervention and following 3 months of postintervention. Realist evaluation was used to identify for which participants the intervention was effective, and an economic evaluation was also carried out. Finding Of 15 participants who entered the study, eight completed all phases of the study. A mean 104.4 h were needed to deliver the intervention. The number of sessions required ranged from 90–222. The length of time each participant retained information (for all sessions) ranged from 13–28 min. Participants had most difficulty with: “putting food into mouth and chewing it”; “realizing it was mealtime”; and “eating a whole meal continuously.” A reduction in the difficulty with mealtimes occurred between phase A1–A2 for most participants. Six participants maintained this in phase A3. Similar patterns were evident for nutritional scores. For most participants, the effect size of the intervention was moderate or large. Conclusions Spaced retrieval is useful in reducing mealtime difficulties in older participants with dementia. While the results of this study are promising, further large and multicentre trials are needed to explore the effectiveness of the intervention in diverse populations.

Hasil produksi cabai di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan dengan penerapan program pemuliaan tanaman. Beberapa parameter genetik meliputi keragaman, heritabilitas, korelasi, dan analisis lintas diperlukan agar seleksi dapat menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) keragaman karakter daun dan buah pada cabai merah keriting generasi M5. (2) heritabilitas karakter daun dan buah pada cabai merah keriting generasi M5. (3) korelasi antara karakter daun dan buah dengan produksi cabai merah keriting generasi M5. (4) pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung karakter daun dan buah terhadap hasil cabai merah keriting generasi M5. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2020 sampai dengan Juni 2021 di Laboratorium Lapang Terpadu, Universitas Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Seluruh karakter daun dan buah memiliki keragaman genotipe yang sempit dengan keragaman fenotipe yang luas, (2) Heritabilitas yang sedang terdapat pada karakter panjang stomata generatif, bobot buah sampel, panjang buah, jumlah biji sampel dan bobot buah total, sedangkan karakter kehijauan daun vegetatif, kerapatan stomata vegetatif, panjang stomata vegetatif, kehijauan daun generatif, kerapatan stomata generatif, dan diameter buah menunjukkan heritabilitas yang rendah, (3) Korelasi positif sangat nyata terdapat pada karakter bobot buah sampel dengan panjang buah sampel. Panjang buah sampel dengan jumlah biji sampel, bobot buah sampel dengan jumlah biji sampel, bobot buah sampel dengan bobot buah total, panjang buah dengan jumlah biji sampel, panjang buah dengan bobot buah total, jumlah biji sampel dengan bobot buah total, dan kerapatan stomata vegetatif dengan kehijauan daun generatif (4) Terdapat nilai korelasi dan pengaruh langsung yang sama-sama positif antara karakter kerapatan stomata vegetatif, panjang stomata generatif, bobot buah sampel, panjang buah sampel, diameter buah sampel, dan jumlah biji sampel terhadap bobot total buah.

Salah satu tantangan dalam institusi keuangan adalah manajemen risiko kredit. Hal ini juga terjadi pada institusi pendidikan swasta dimana pengelolaan keuangan dilakukan secara mandiri serta sumber dana mayoritas berasal dari mahasiswa. Setiap institusi harus menjamin kesehatan finansial melalui monitoring cashflow. Adanya penundaan atau kredit pembayaran biaya kuliah mahasiswa akan mempengaruhi cashflow institusi. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan analisis kredit sebagai tindakan preventif guna mencegah terjadinya kredit yang bermasalah dan meminimalkan risiko kredit lainnya yang timbul di kemudian hari. Pada penelitian ini, algoritma machine learning digunakan untuk analisis kredit pembayaran biaya kuliah pada perguruan tinggi. Dataset yang digunakan adalah data riwayat tagihan, transaksi pembayaran, dan data pengajuan kredit/ angsuran. Tahap perancangan sistem terdiri dari preprocessing, pemilihan fitur, pemodelan, pengujian dan evaluasi hasil. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian algoritma dengan kinerja terbaik adalah KNN dengan recall untuk prediksi “gagal bayar” sebesar 0,8 dan prediksi “berhasil” sebesar 0,76. Model machine learning ini kemudian ditanamkan dalam sebuah sistem informasi analisis kredit biaya kuliah. Selain itu juga sistem akan memberikan skor setiap pengajuan berdasarkan metode scorecard. Semakin tinggi skor kredit semakin kecil risiko gagal bayarnya. Skor kredit ini berkisar antara 250 – 600. Jika kredit yang diajukan diprediksi “gagal bayar” dengan skor kredit rendah atau berpotensi menjadi piutang macet, sistem akan merekomendasikan untuk menilik ulang skema pengajuan kredit dari mahasiswa tersebut agar mahasiswa tetap dapat melanjutkan pendidikan dan cash collection ratio tetap baik. Abstract One of the challenges in financial institutions is credit risk management. This also occurs in private educational institutions where financial management is carried out independently and most of funding sources come from students. Each institution must ensure financial health through cashflow monitoring. Any delay or credit in paying student tuition fees will affect the institution's cashflow. Therefore, credit analysis is needed as a preventive measure to prevent non-performing loans and minimize other credit risks that arise in the future. In this study, machine learning algorithms are used for credit analysis for paying tuition fees activity at universities. The datasets used are billing history data, payment transactions, and credit/installment application data. The system design stage consists of preprocessing, feature selection, modeling, uji and evaluation of results. Based on the results of uji the algorithm with the best performance is KNN with a recall for the prediction of "failure to pay" of 0,8 and prediction of "success" of 0,76. This machine learning model is then embedded in a tuition credit analysis information system. In addition, the system will provide a score for each submission based on the scorecard method. The higher the credit score, the lower the risk of default. This credit score ranges from 250 – 600. If the proposed credit is predicted to be "in default" with a low credit score or has the potential to become bad debts, the system will recommend reviewing the student's credit application scheme so that students can continue their education and cash collection ratio remains good.

Related to the previous studies, there are still questions about what sectors are produced from several economic based approaches each year. This study aims to determine the “very potential” business fields to be developed. This research was led purposively in Sukamara Regency, Kalimantan Tengah Province thinking about that macroeconomic exhibition information actually should be additionally improved. Auxiliary information got by documentation at the Central Statistics Agency, specifically GRDP at 2010 Constant Market Prices for the 2015-2020 period. Arrangement of business fields is done utilizing a weighting come closer from the estimation of Location Quotient, Growth Ratio Model, Sectoral Contribution Percentage and Growth Rate, Shift Share Analysis, and Overlay. The consequences of the review show the pattern of the improvement of the quantity of driving areas that are getting less and less and not in any manner observe any area that is completely equipped for satisfying the normal financial based methodology presumptions consistently. Moreover, the weighting system carried out proposes a new contribution in determining the leading sectors with a clearer classification. Therefore, the results of this study at the same time provide recommendations for the need for an analysis of the leading sector every year as consideration for regional planning.

Competence of a teacher should have been obtained when studying in college. However, college students or preservice teachers feel lack of competence during their study in college. It is important for colleges to provide a learning experience for students to have competence in teaching before they become a teacher. Sport Education (SE) has its own uniqueness because in its implementation, it can directly include several learning models as a provision to teach students when becoming a teacher. The purpose of this study was to determine the enjoyment of students using SE based on the characteristics of SE, increased skills and understanding of sports, and the pleasure of using SE. This research uses survey type of descriptive methods. Participants of this study are 35 college students who will finish their studies in the eastern part of West Java province. The instrument of this study used the Sport Education Season Survey. Data analyzing techniques employed in this study were descriptive statistics and paired samples t-test. The results of the study stated that college students enjoyed the use of SE based on the characteristics of SE, that college students have increased skills and understanding of sports, and that college students preferred SE compared to conventional learning. Further investigation related to college students teaching skills in the use of SE needs to be conducted.

The Forward Observer (FO) role is vital in military operations, especially in the Medan Artillery unit. FO was in charge of directing artillery fire against the target. In the execution of artillery fire, several types of artillery fire formations are often carried out to hit the target correctly. The formation includes Tama, Tamu, Seka, Seki and Lingkar. In the FO simulator, the artillery fire formation is modeled and visualized in 3D. Modeling and visualization of artillery fire formation can save costs for military operations training in the Medan Artillery unit. In the test results, by entering several parameters, the formula has succeeded in modeling the type of artillery fire according to the type of formation.

One of the problems in the clustering process is that the objects under inquiry are multivariate measures containing geometrical information that requires shape clustering. Because Procrustes is a technique to obtaining the similarity measure of two shapes, it can become the solution. Therefore, this paper tried to use Procrustes as the main process in the clustering method. Several algorithms proposed for the shape clustering process using Procrustes were namely hierarchical the goodness-of-fit of Procrustes (HGoFP), k-means the goodness-of-fit of Procrustes (KMGoFP), hierarchical ordinary Procrustes analysis (HOPA), and k-means ordinary Procrustes analysis (KMOPA). Those algorithms were evaluated using Rand index, Jaccard index, F-measure, and Purity. Data used was the line drawing dataset that consisted of 180 drawings classified into six clusters. The results showed that the HGoFP, KMGoFP, HOPA and KMOPA algorithms were good enough in Rand index, F-measure, and Purity with 0.697 as a minimum value. Meanwhile, the good clustering results in the Jaccard index were only the HGoFP, KMGoFP, and HOPA algorithms with 0.561 as a minimum value. KMGoFP has the worst result in the Jaccard index that is about 0.300. In the time complexity, the fastest algorithm is the HGoFP algorithm; the time complexity is 4.733. Based on the results, the algorithms proposed in this paper particularly deserve to be proposed as new algorithms to cluster the objects in the line drawing dataset. Then, the HGoFP is suggested clustering the objects in the dataset used.

Motivation has a very important role for the achievement of college students in participating in the lecture process. Motivation has been found to have a positive influence on cooperative learning. Thus, it is important to see the motivation of college students after attending lectures using the cooperative learning model. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the cooperative learning model type Team Games Tournament (TGT) on the motivation of college students, in terms of gender and the autonomy of the motivation that influences it. The research method uses an experimental method with a one group pretest-posttest design. The participants in this study were 13 college students in the seventh semester at a university in the eastern part of the province of West Java. The research instrument used the Learning Self-Regulation Questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive statistics and paired samples t test. The results of the study concluded that there was an effect of the TGT learning model on the motivation of college students. There were no differences in motivation between men and women and it was more influenced by intrinsic autonomy in achieving college student motivation. In order to conduct further research related to the findings obtained with more participants. Thus, the findings can be more generalizable.

This study aimed to determine the effect differences of the Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) learning model and the Direct Instruction (DI) learning model on Pencak Silat learning outcomes. The research method used was an experimental quantitative approach with an intact-group comparison design. Participants from the population included 44 students (23 boys and 21 girls) aged 14-15 years selected using systematic sampling. Data collection techniques used observation and document analysis. The data analysis technique employed the independent samples t-test. The study results concluded that there were differences in the effects of the DI learning model and the STAD learning model on Pencak Silat learning outcomes. Furthermore, the result showed that the STAD learning model was better than the DI learning model. Thus, the STAD learning model can improve the Pencak Silat learning outcomes of Junior High-school students.

Classification is one of the data mining topics that will predict an object to go into a certain group. The prediction process can be performed by using similarity measures, classification trees, or regression. On the other hand, Procrustes refers to a technique of matching two configurations that have been implemented for outlier detection. Based on the result, Procrustes has a potential to tackle the misclassification problem when the outliers are assumed as the misclassified object. Therefore, the Procrustes classification algorithm (PrCA) and Procrustes nearest neighbor classification algorithm (PNNCA) were proposed in this paper. The results of those algorithms had been compared to the classical classification algorithms, namely k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), AdaBoost (AB), Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Ridge Regression (RR). The data used were iris, cancer, liver, seeds, and wine dataset. The minimum and maximum accuracy values obtained by the PrCA algorithm were 0.610 and 0.925, while the PNNCA were 0.610 and 0.963. PrCA was generally better than k-NN, SVM, and AB. Meanwhile, PNNCA was generally better than k-NN, SVM, AB, and RF. Based on the results, PrCA and PNNCA certainly deserve to be proposed as a new approach in the classification process.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketercapaian implementasi rencana pengembangan sekolah pada standar proses Pendidikan di SMK Mandala Kabupaten Bogor. Dimana standar proses merupakan ketentuan yang harus dilaksanakan oleh guru dalam menjamin pelaksanaan pembelajaran yang efektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang didukung dengan alat pengumpulan data berupa angket dalam bentuk google form dalam megukur ketercapaian standar proses dengan fokus pada tiga indikator utama, yaitu: Perencanaan Pembelajaran, Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran, dan Evaluasi pembelajaran dan dituangkan dalam bentuk 25 pertanyaan. Sementara, sampel penelitian yang menjadi sasaran penelitian ini adalah guru-guru SMK Mandala Kabupaten Bogor yang berjumlah sebanyak 27 orang guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara umum ketercapaian Standar Proses Pendidikan mencapai 71.33%, dan secara spesifik pencapaian pada indicator Perencanaan Pembelajaran sebesar 71.53%, Indikator Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran sebesar 71.4%, dan terakhir indikator evaluasi pembelajaran sebesar 71.05%. Dari pencapain tersebut, dapat dimaknai bahwa guru-guru di SMK Mandala telah menjalankan standar proses pendidikan sesuai dengan ketentuan standar proses yang berlaku dengan baik dan berkesinambungan, serta guru-guru telah menjalankan prinsip pembelajaran sesuai yang ditetapkan dalam Rencana Pengembangan Sekolah.

Bencana kekeringan merupakan salah satu bencana yang dampak besar terhadap ketahanan pangan. Tasikmalaya merupakan daerah berkembang dan rawan terhadap kekeringan. Masyarakat mempunyai hak untuk memperoleh dan memanfaatkan air tanah serta berpartisipasi dan berperan aktif dalam pelaksanaan konservasi air tanah. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah untuk mendukung konservasi air tanah dengan pemanfaatan lubang resapan biopori (LRB) dapat membantu mengendalikan limpasan dan mengurangi sampah organik di RW 03 Perumahan Winayajaya, Kelurahan Sambongjaya, Kecamatan Mangkubumi, Kota Tasikmalaya. Pemanfaatan LRB dilakukan dengan membuat LRB yang disebar secara merata. Rumah yang direncanakan akan dipasangi LRB berjumlah 20. Masyarakat ada yang mendukung dan ada yang tidak menanggapi pemasangan LRB ini. Tiga orang pemilik rumah menolak untuk memasang LRB. Lima rumah memiliki tanah dengan batu besar sehingga mempersulit pemasangan LRB. Pada akhirnya, LRB berhasil dipasang di 15 rumah dari 20 rumah yang direncanakan dan tersebar di semua RT yang termasuk RW 03. Kesadaran masyarakat RW 03 terkait dengan konservasi tanah belum terlihat sepenuhnya. Hal tersebut terlihat dari mayoritas rumah yang tidak memiliki pekarangan serta tingkat keinginan warga untuk ikut serta dalam pemanfaatan LRB.

Seribu Islands is one of the marine tourism destinations in Jakarta. The high level of tourism in the Seribu Islands can be a threat to shallow water seabed profile habitat. Therefore, monitoring of changes in shallow water seabed profile habitat is needed so the sustainability can be monitored. This study aimed to determine changes in the shallow water seabed profile on Karya Island, Semak Daun Island, and Gosong Balik Layar in 2016 and 2018 based on Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery. Methods of this research used satellite image pre-processing, image classification, field survey, image reclassification, and accuracy assessment. The results showed that the coral area had decrease trend, while the area of Seagrass mix Seaweed had increased. The result of this classification had an accuracy value of 71.52%. Keywords: remote sensing, multispectral imagery, Lyzenga, benthic habitat, Seribu Island

COVID-19 affects significant human activity around the globe, including Bitcoin prices. The Bitcoin price is well known for its volatility, so it is not a big shocker when the panic-selling occurs during the pandemic. However, the mechanism to cope with these breakouts, especially the bearish one, is contentious. The experts give numerous pieces of advice with different conclusions in the end. It is also the same with Machine Learning. Various kernels show different results regarding how the price will move. It depends on the window size, how the data is being preprocessed, and the algorithm used. This paper inspects the best combination that various machine learning can offer with a linear approach to navigate the price prediction based on its depth interval, window size until the algorithms themselves. This paper also proposed a new approach to seeing the prediction range called s-steps ahead prediction using a linear model. The result shows that simple machine learning can herd 99.715% profit even during the bearish breakout.

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berhasil tidaknya� model pembelajaran tutorial meningkatkan kemampuan pada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. Metode Penelitian ini adalah metode tidakan kelas. Sedangkan teknik penelitiannya adalah (1) teknik wawancara, (2) teknik observasi, (3) teknik tes. Sumber data penelitian ini ada dua yaitu sumber primer dan sumber sekunder. Sumber data primer adalah siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang.. Sedangkan sumber data sekunder adalah guru, dokumen kelas, dan kepala sekolah. Hasil observasi dan analisi data menunjukkan bahwa kemampaun siswa kelas VIII A SMPN 1 Pusphiang dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari hasil oleh data bahwa rata-rata pelaksanaan pembelajaran tutrial siklus I hanya 75% sementara siklus II 95,8%. Selain itu, sikap siswa ketika mengikuti pembelajaran dari siklus I ke siklus II mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan tersebuut ditunjukkan bawah pada siklus I hanya satu kategori yang sangat baik yanitu kerja sama, sedangkan keaktifan, keseungguhan, dan pasrtipasi kategorinya baik. Pada siklus II semua aspek yang diamati baik kerja sama, keaktifan, kesungguhan, dan partispasi semuanya berkategori sangat baik. Nilai hasil belajar siswa dalam menulis surat dinas juga mengamali peningkatan dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I sebanyak 12 siswa kategori sangat baik, dan 11 siswa kategori baik, dan 8 orang kategiri cukup. Pada siklus II meimgkat menjadi 24 sisa kategori sangat baik dan 7 siswa dengan kategori baik. Dengan demikian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima. Artinya, model� tutorial meningkatkan hasil pembelajaran menulis surat dinas pada siswa kelas VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. KATA KUNCI: Menulis; Surat dinas; Tutorial. � THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TUTORIAL METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENT'S ABILITY IN WRITING FORMAL LETTER � ABSTRACT: This study aims to determine the success or failure of the tutorial learning model in improving the abilities of grade VIII students of SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. This research method is a class action method. While the research techniques are (1) interview techniques, (2) observation techniques, (3) test techniques. There are two sources of data in this study, namely primary sources and secondary sources. Primary data sources were students of class VIII A SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. Meanwhile, secondary data sources were teachers, class documents, and school principals. The results of observation and data analysis showed that the ability of class VIII A students of SMPN 1 Pusphiang from cycle I to cycle II had increased. It can be seen from the results by the data that the average implementation of tutrial learning in cycle I is only 75% while cycle II is 95.8%. In addition, students' attitudes when participating in learning from cycle I to cycle II have increased. This improvement is shown below in cycle I, there is only one very good category, namely cooperation, while activeness, sincerity, and participation are good categories. In cycle II, all aspects observed, both cooperation, activeness, seriousness, and participation, were all in very good categories. The value of student learning outcomes in writing official letters also increased from cycle I to cycle II. In the first cycle there were 12 students in very good category, and 11 students in good category, and 8 students in enough category. In the second cycle it increased to 24 remaining in very good categories and 7 students with good categories. Thus the hypothesis in this study is accepted. That is, the tutorial model improves the learning outcomes of writing official letters for class VIII A students of SMP Negeri 1 Puspahiang. KEY WORDS: Write; Official letter; Tutorial

Reptiles are one of the most common fauna in the territory of Indonesia. quite a lot of people who have an interest in knowing more about this fauna in order to increase knowledge. Based on previous research, Deep Learning is needed in particular the CNN method for computer programs to identify reptile species through images. This reseacrh aims to determine the right model in producing high accuracy in the identification of reptile species. Thousands of images are generated through data augmentation processes for manually captured images. Using the Python programming language and Dropout technique, an accuracy of 93% was obtained by this research in identifying 14 different types of reptiles.

and transactional leadership on innovative behavior with psychological empowerment as the moderator variable. The research method used is quantitative research methods. The population in this study were employees of the Regional Drinking Water Company (PDAM) of Cirebon City with a total population of 203 people. The sampling measurement technique used the Slovin formula with a margin of error of 10%, so the number of samples in this study was determined to be 67 respondents. The sampling technique uses the incidental sampling approach. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale. The data analysis technique used is path analysis. The results showed that transformational leadership had a significant effect on innovative behavior either directly or mediated by psychological empowerment variables. The transactional leadership variable did not have a significant effect on innovative behavior either directly or mediated by psychological empowerment variables. The psychological empowerment variable has a significant effect on increasing innovative behavior.

Dampak lingkungan akibat proyek konstruksi selalu menjadi masalah serius bagi kelangsungan berjalannya proyek konstruksi apabila tidak dilakukan pengelolaannya. Pengelolaan lingkungan pada masa konstruki umumnya tidak dituliskan pada spesifikasi pekerjaan, namunperlu untuk dilakukan. biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk pengelolaan lingkunan ini sendiri diambil dari persentase biaya tidak langsung proyek. Saat ini ditengarai pihak kontraktor di Kota Tasikmalaya tidak memiliki standar harga satuan pekerjaan untuk pengelolaan lingkungan pada kegiatan proyek konstruksi. Maka dalam penelitian ini akan diidentifikasi pengelolaan dampak lingkungan apa saja yang ditangani oleh pihak kontraktor, dihitung persentase kisaran biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk pengelolaan setiap dampak lingkungan, serta menganalisis pola interaksi besar-kecilnya kisaran biaya pengelolaan lingkungan untuk setiap dampak lingkungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data penelitian wawancara dan kuisioner. Pengumpulan data disebarkan ke enam proyek gedung di Kotaa Tasikmalaya. Dari hasil penelitian di dapatkan bahwa pengelolaan lingkungan yang umum dilakukan oleh pihak kontraktor adalah pengelolaan dampak kebisingan, pengelolaan dampak kuantitas & kualitas air, pengelolaan dampak lingkungan kotor, dan pengelolaan dampak akses jalan. Kisaran biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk setiap pengelolaan lingkungan ini bervariasi untuk setiap proyek. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola interaksi dari kisaran biaya pengelolaan lingkungan tergantung pada karakteristik proyek yang berupa lokasi proyek, nilai proyek, serta spesifikasi pekerjaan pada masing-masing proyek.

Salah satu faktor siswa tunanetra dapat disebabkan sejak lahir. Siswa tunenetra kurang mendapatkan kesempatan terlibat dalam berbagai aspek dalam kehidupan, khususnya dalam kegiatan olahraga. Walaupun siswa tunantera tetap mengikuti kegiatan olahraga, bagaimana resiliensi mereka agar tetap mengikuti kegiatan olahhraga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui resiliensi siswa tunanetra dari lahir dalam berolahraga di Sekolah Luar Biasa (SLB). Metode penelitian yang digunakan melalui pendekatan kualitatif dengan studi kasus. Partisipan terdiri dari kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, guru pendidikan jasmani, guru kelas, dan 2 siswa tunanetra dari lahir di SLB Negeri A Citereup Kota Cimahi, sehingga partisipan yang terlibat sebanyak 5 orang partisipan. Instrummen penelitian menggunakan wawancara dan observasi. Analisi data di bantu dengan menggunakan aplikasi NVivo 12 Plus. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa resiliensi siswa tunanetra dalam kegiatan olahraga hanya sebatas mengikuti instruksi dan tidak memenuhi rekomendasi aktivitas fisik. Untuk menjaga agar siswa tunanetra mau berolahraga dengan memberikan nasihat, motivasi, bimbingan konseling secara individu, dan melakukan kegiatan olahraga di waktu luang.

Aktivitas fisik merupakan faktor yang menjadi sorotan di Indonesia bahkan dunia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Permasalahan yang terjadi dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani di tingkat SMP pencapaian aktivitas fisik cenderung menurun. Pencapaian aktivitas fisik dalam pendidikan jasmani dapat menggunakan Sport Education (SE) model dengan 3 fase. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menguji perbedaan pengaruh aktivitas fisik pada fase SE model menggunakan Bola Basket. Metode penelitian menggunakan ekspermien dengan desain one-shot case study. Partisipan menggunakan 40 siswa (laki-laki) SMP kelas VIII dengan sampling sistematis. Instrumen menggunakan Polar RC3 GPS. Uji hipotesis menggunakan one-way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menyatakan terdapat perbedaan pengaruh aktivitas fisik pada fase SE model menggunakan Bola Basket, temuan didalam penelitian ini bahwa aktivitas fisik dari sedang hingga kuat lebih dipengaruhi pada fase 3 dengan adanya kompetisi. Sehingga dengan menggunakan SE 3 fase dalam proses pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan aktivitas fisik. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar melakukan penelitian lebih lanjut dengan menggunakan instrumen yang lebih mutakhir, melibatkan siswa perempuan, dan menggunakan cabang olahraga lain baik yang bersifat tim maupun individu sehingga penelitian ini dapat digeneralisasikan.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji perbedaan performa permainan bola basket siswa sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan Hybrid Sport Education-Invasion Games Competence Model (SE-IGCM). Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan the one-group pretest-posttest design. Partisipan di dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 20 siswa SMA kelas X yang pilih dengan menggunakan systematic sampling. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Basketball Offensive Game Performance Instrument (BOGPI). Uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dengan menggunakan paired samples t-test. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan performa permainan bola basket pada siswa sesudah menggunakan Hybrid SE-IGCM. Penelitian ini memberikan penemuan bahwa Sport Education dengan menggunakan tiga tahap yang dimodifikasi dengan Invasion Games Competence Model dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran pendidikan jasmani, khususnya dalam peningkatan performa permainan dalam bentuk invasi. Sehingga Hybrid SE-IGCM dapat digunakan dalam peningkatan performa permainan bola basket.

A non-convulsive status epilepticus (ncSE) is a potentially fatal complication for patients in neurointensive care. In patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), ncSE remains scarcely investigated. In this study, we aim to investigate the frequency and influence of non-convulsive status epilepticus on outcome in patients with SAH. We retrospectively analyzed data of consecutive patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and evaluated clinical, radiological, demographical and electroencephalogram (EEG) data. Outcome was assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months and stratified into favorable (mRS 0-2) vs. unfavorable (mRS 3-6). We identified 171 patients with SAH, who received EEG between 01/2012 and 12/2020. ncSE was diagnosed in 19 patients (3.7%), only one of whom achieved favorable outcome. The multivariate regression analysis revealed four independent predictors of unfavorable outcome: presence of ncSE (p = 0.003; OR 24.1; 95 CI% 2.9–195.3), poor-grade SAH (p < 0.001; OR 14.0; 95 CI% 8.5–23.1), age (p < 0.001; OR 2.8; 95 CI% 1.6–4.6) and the presence of DIND (p < 0.003; OR 1.9; 95 CI% 1.2–3.1) as independent predictors for unfavorable outcome. According to our study, development of ncSE in patients suffering SAH might correlate with poor prognosis. Even when medical treatment is successful and no EEG abnormalities are detected, the long-term outcome remains poor.

Small family farms constitute a major part of land use in the surrounding regions of Brazilian cities, as these farms not only contribute to the food supply, but also help conserve rural landscapes and improve environmental services. This study evaluated agricultural impacts on soil quality in seven family farms in Porto Alegre municipality, Rio Grande do Sul state, RS. Selected production units (PUs) were managed as conventional or organic farms, producing horticultural crops, fruits and pastures, besides native forests. Soil samples were collected from representative areas for five use and management types, under disturbed and undisturbed conditions, at 0–20 cm depth. Physical and chemical attributes were analyzed, comparing the effects of types of land use. Data analysis showed that more affected attributes were soil density, macro and microporosity, phosphorus content, pH and electrical conductivity. Macroporosity, phosphorus, zinc and cooper contents are the greater threats to soil quality. Horticulture, under both agroecological and conventional production systems caused major changes compared to natural conditions.

This study was aimed at examining physical activity differences in each phase of SEM through badminton. The method used in this study was experimental research method with factorial design. Participants of this study were 40 junior high school students chosen through simple random sampling technique. The study used Polar RC3 GPS as the research instrument. The data analysis techniques used in the study was One-Way ANOVA. The result of the study found differences in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in each phase of SEM through badminton games. The finding also showed that the achievement of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in the badminton game tends to decrease in the final stage.

The purpose of this study was to determine the Group Investigation learning model in physical education can improve student learning outcomes in basketball learning. The research method used classroom action research with the Kemmis & McTaggart model. The subjects in this study were students of class VIII-B SMP Negeri 1 Juntinyuat is 31 students. The research instrument used a test. Data analysis using descriptive statistics. The results stated that the Group Investigation learning model in physical education can improve student learning outcomes in basketball learning. In cycle I there is an increase in class averages 77.7 and as many as 68% of students reach KKM. In cycle II there is an increase in class averages 86.1 and as many as 100% of students reach KKM.

Since competition activities can improve sportsmanship, moral development, motivation, and prepare students in the "real world", competition activities (sports orientation) in physical education is very necessary. A strategy that is proposed to stimulate sports orientation in physical education in this study is a Sport Education Model (SEM). The purpose of this study was to determine the differences between team sports and individual sports when using SEM, towards sports orientation in physical education for junior high school students. The research method uses true experiments with posttest-only control group design. The participants in this study were 80 grade seventh junior high school students. Using the Sport Orientation Questionnaire (SOQ), the data was analysed using independent samples t-test. The results stated that there were significant differences between the two conditions. The findings suggests that sports orientation in SEM team sports are more influenced by goal orientation is in accord with the statement that achievement in sports competition (sports orientation) depends on goal orientation, but not at SEM individual sports.