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The orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) technique is a promising method of waveform modulation that encodes data in the delay-doppler (DD) domain. OTFS distinguishes itself from conventional multiplexing methods by employing two-dimensional modulation to alternate between the time-frequency (TF) domain and the delay-Doppler domain. This feature enables the management of Doppler shifts induced by high-speed objects, which is not possible with conventional modulation schemes such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The main objective of this work is to provide a concise and comprehensive introduction of this emerging subject, emphasizing its system concept. In addition, we analyze crucial elements of OTFS modulation, including techniques for data detection, channel estimation, MIMO, and multiuser systems.

Over the past two decades, hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have been an interesting material for many researchers due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this article is to review hyperbranched polymers, their history, their synthesis methodologies and their main applications. It was found that the first hyperbranched polymer was synthesized in the 19th century by Berzelius and since then several researchers have prepared other hyper-branched polymers. In addition, there are many methods for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers, both simple and complex. There are also several applications of these polymers, ranging from construction and building materials to biomaterials. The structure of polymers is responsible for a wide range of material properties. These properties allow the use of polymer materials in the design of building and industrial structures.

_This research delves into the decomposition kinetics of propylene oxide within a novel reactor design characterized by a corrugated inner wall for enhanced cooling. By applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), this study aims to optimize the reactor's heat transfer capabilities to achieve precise control over the exothermic decomposition process. This approach addresses a previously unexplored area in CFD application, proposing a model that fine-tunes the decomposition efficiency of propylene oxide by considering the interplay of key parameters such as inlet mixture temperature, activation energy, flow rate, and the resulting thermal profile. The primary goal is to advance the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processing techniques in the propylene oxide industry. The study highlights the critical relationship between activation energy (74–76 kJ/mol), process temperature (29–37 °C), and cooling efficiency in optimizing the decomposition process. Significant findings indicate that higher inlet temperatures (37 °C) and lower activation energies (74 kJ/mol) lead to superior conversion rates. The study presents a clear correlation between temperature elevation, reduced activation energy, and enhanced conversion rates, demonstrating that optimizing these parameters can lead to significantly improved conversion efficiencies, potentially approaching 100 % under ideal conditions.

The prominent novelty of current review is to exhibit the fluctuating and oscillatory convective heat transfer properties along various geometries with magnetic force, variable density, Prandtl number, buoyancy force and magnetic Prandtl number effects. The significance of present work is to illustrate a comprehensive review on transient convective heat transfer. Transient convective heat transfer plays an essential role in various technological and environmental applications, including climate control, structure safety, engines, thermal control, computer heating and cooling, and energy safety. The literature primarily focuses on steady temperature and velocity domains, with few studies exploring time-varying fluid flow in forced, natural, or mixed convective mechanisms with different methods. In current review, justification of results was performed by using oscillating stokes conditions directly in partial differential models. The similarity variables and stream functions are used in literature but in current review, the primitive variable transformation is used with implicit form of finite difference method and Gaussian elimination technique through FORTRAN and Tecplot-360 programming tools. The governing model is reduced into steady, real and imaginary form to explore steady and oscillating convective heat transmission. Transient flows have gained significance due to their ability to achieve large oscillating convective heat transfer rates. Compared with steady movement, oscillating flows exhibit higher velocity variations along the heated surface. Periodic flow produces an improved transient surface heat transmission rate than steady flow. Predicting and controlling transients in thermal exchangers requires a concept of transient forced convection heat transport. Transient convective thermal transmission solutions are important for ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of electrical components, nuclear and thermal power stations, heat-generating engines, steam turbines, condensation systems, catalytic converters, heat shielding for spacecraft, electrical devices, internal combustion engines, air conditioning and refrigerator components, cooling networks for batteries, generators, and transformers. It is found that the frequency of convective heat transport enhances through periodic and oscillating stokes variables. It was depicted that the higher amplitude in convective heat transfer was displayed for each choice of magnetic force parameter around two angles π/4 and π of circular magnetized surface. It was depicted that the maximum transient convective heat transmission was reported along vertical angle π/2 with buoyancy force, Prandtl and magnetic Prandtl values.

As witnessed worldwide, there has been rapid growth in research and the creation of energy storage devices such as supercapacitor electrodes that can store and deliver energy at a speedy rate, and provide high currents in a short duration. This article deals with a review on how supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials get developed from bio-waste like cooked chicken bone waste (CCBW), chicken egg shells, fish gills, fishbone waste, and biodegradable and non-biodegradable marine wastes such as plastics, mangroves, chitosans, and mussel shells, which provide economic benefit for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. The synthesis and preparation involved in the study include one step activation and colloidal blending processes. The characterization of the as-prepared materials is carried out by implementing XRD, FESEM, EDS, FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and RAMAN spectroscopy. It is visualized that electrode materials possess high carbon content with porosity leading to a greater specific surface area, which is essential for high conductance SC electrodes. Researche on electrochemical analysis of prepared electrodes from such marine waste materials using CV, GCD, and EIS techniques has been analyzed.

Magnetohydrodynamic free convection liquid considering Hall along with ion-slip current has many engineering usages. In addition, boundary layer flow of power-law fluids due to a stretching plane possesses sundry applications in biological sciences, geophysics, and petroleum industries. Further, hybrid nanofluids are important due to their high heat transfer capability. In view of such relevance, the goal of this investigation is to analyze Hall along with ion-slip effects on thermo-fluidic flow of magnetic power-law hybrid nanofluid so as to accomplish effective cooling in the desired thermal systems. Present investigation’s novelty is adding hybrid nanostructure to power-law fluid flow influenced by Hall and ion-slip mechanism and implementation of modified Fourier’s law featured with velocity and temperature gradients. The key results are that fluid velocity amplifies with rise in ion-slip and Hall parameters. Modified Prandtl numbers and Hall parameter ameliorate heat transfer rate while ion-slip parameter diminishes it.

While bacterial superbugs have garnered much attention, the rise of antifungal resistance poses a growing threat. This study explores the potential of newly synthesized 2,5-Bis(3,4 Dialkoxy Phenyl) Thiazolo[5,4-d] Thiazoles (DATTn compounds) as antifungal agents. Notably, DATTn compounds demonstrated significant fungicidal activity against Candida albicans, a major fungal pathogen, whereas remaining largely ineffective against common bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In silico docking simulations using Schrödinger suites unveiled the molecular basis for this selectivity, revealing strong interactions between DATTn molecules and a crucial fungal protein (Portion Data Bank ID: 8JZN) in C. albicans. These findings highlight the potential of DATTn compounds as promising leads for the development of novel antifungal therapies, particularly in light of escalating drug resistance concerns.

The study of natural convection and heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity finds a wide range of technological applications including thermal energy storage systems, building ventilation/insulation, waste heat recovery, electronic device cooling, controlling PV panel temperature, energy conservation, exchangers, nuclear reactors, furnaces, glass production, food processing, and drying technologies. The purpose of the current study is to explore the entropy and natural convection of non-Newtonian nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) suspension in a saturated porous medium enshrouded in a trapezoid-shaped domain with three heated blocks fitted with the bottom surface. The novelty of the present work is the introduction of power-law (Ostwald-de Waele) model subject to NEPCM suspension in trapezoidal enclosure emplacing three heated fins at its bottom surface embedded in Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy medium with variant porosity. The finite element method is implemented to solve the governing equations numerically. The important findings of the present study include streamlines, isotherms, velocities, and apparent viscosity enhance while entropy generation whittles down with rise in Darcy number. Entropy generation ameliorates by 519.16 % for low to high porosity of Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy medium. The maximum apparent viscosity augments by 1441.24 % when power law index ameliorates.

Abstract To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p

In the recent industry field, automation has become the most important role in production processes to improve efficiency, increase production, and reduce workers. Sorting the products based on their color is a common task in the industries, but using manual sorting may take a longer time and human error may occur, especially if the production quantities are very large. To contribute to improving the quality and speed of production, we have proposed a new system to automatically separate products based on their color. This article presents a new system for identifying and separating industrial products based on their colors. The implemented system consists of three sensors used to detect the colors of the products, four chutes, and two conveyor belts designed to guide objects along the manufacturing path, and three push mechanisms to place objects in their designated places. The system includes an emergency interface, a reset interface, a stop interface, as well as communication using the PN (PROFINET Process Field Net) protocol, a programmable logic controller, and a 1511-1 central processing unit. This system has been precisely programmed and simulated using FACTORY I/O software and TIA PORTAL software to control and monitor the system effectively. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system also includes a Human–Machine Interface user interface for maximum control. The performance of this system was tested by sorting 250 objects of different colors. These tests resulted in the successful separation of a total of 85 blue objects, 89 green objects, and 86 gray (metallic) objects within a time period of 20 min. This system shows wide applicability in various industries including diamond mining, recycling, and grain manufacturing sectors.

The present work deals with thermal aspect and entropy of ternary hybrid nanofluid (Graphene, Al2O3, and MWCNT as nanoparticles and water as base fluid) inside an inclined domain considering heat generation/absorption. The domain possesses triangle-shaped corrugated walls with variable height and a semi-circular heater located on its bottom wall. Finite element method (FEM) is employed to acquire a well-defined solution of the non-dimensional governing equations along with the boundary conditions. The influence of the pertinent parameters along with their ranges (0.2≤b≤0.3), (105≤Ra≤106), (0o≤η≤90o), (−1≤Hs≤1) has been studied. Some striking outcomes of the present investigation are that streamlines and entropy generation (EnT) peter out while local Nusselt number (Nuloc) and average Bejan number (Beave) ameliorate with rise in dimensionless height of the corrugated wall (b). The absolute maximum values of vertical and horizontal velocities of ternary hybrid nanofluid enhance by 96.47 % and 29.5 %, respectively, when inclination angle (η) increases from 45o to 90o. It is visualized that Nusselt number is maximum subject to heat sink while it attains a minimum value in response to heat source. Because of triangle shaped corrugated walls and ternary hybrid nanofluid, the present problem contributes superior cooling in thermal systems featured with such complex geometry in industries.

The present study analyzes on the reviews carried out by the previous researchers on the entropy generation caused by the flow and heat transfer of several composite nanofluids subject to varieties of geometries under the influence of several constraints of motions. The composite nanofluids include binary hybrid nanofluids and ternary hybrid nanofluids involving disparate base fluids with different suitable nanoparticles. The geometries considered are deformed surfaces (stretched/shrunk sheets, cylinders, and disks), channels and cavities. Several numerical techniques such as Runge-Kutta method and finite element/difference/volume methods are implemented in the investigations. The major and significant outcome of the review analysis is the entropy comparison for different types of nanofluids. Growth of the volume percentage of nanoparticles at a fixed mass flow rate enhances entropy formation. When porosity strength increases, the irreversible entropy production caused by fluid friction results in increased thermal efficiency of certain systems than magnetic entropies. Compared to single nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids display the maximum entropy. With increasing Rayleigh numbers, the frictional and magnetic entropies in composite nanofluids ameliorate significantly than thermal entropy.

In the past, neutron imaging has been the little brother of advanced neutron spectroscopy techniques due to its apparent simplicity. However, this simplicity allows the studying of complex chemical and electrochemical processes and related devices even under harsh reaction conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, corrosive and/or air sensitive environments. We review a number of highly relevant case studies as archetypal examples of modern energy technology; that is heat storage, power-to-X, batteries, fuel cells, and catalysis. The promising results trigger the further development of neutron imaging towards a chemical imaging method.

This work investigates the dynamics of the hybrid nanofluidic convective heat transfer in a permeable thermal system under the influence of multifrequency heating and a magnetic field. The geometry comprises a wavy-walled cavity filled with a water-based hybrid nanoliquid (Al2O3–Cu–H2O) in a saturated porous medium. The finite volume approach is applied to scrutinize the hydro-thermal characteristics resulting from bottom heating and side cooling, considering various flow-controlling parameters. The analysis reveals that nonuniform multi-frequency heating can be a highly effective strategy for enhancing heat transfer in complex geometries involving porous systems, nanofluid flow, and magnetic fields. Significant heat transfer improvement is observed at higher frequencies, with an increase of approximately 261.49 % when offset temperatures are introduced. Additionally, an increase in the undulation height of the wavy sidewalls contributes to a partial heat transfer improvement of 13.41 % compared to the case without undulations. The influence of the Darcy number, Hartmann number, porosity index, and nanoparticle concentration on heat transfer performance is also investigated. Higher Darcy and Hartmann numbers result in reduced thermal convection, while increased porosity enhances thermal convection. Elevated nanoparticle concentrations weaken the flow strength due to higher viscosity. System engineers can optimize heat transfer systems in their respective applications by comprehending the interactions between these flow-controlling parameters. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the hydro-thermal phenomena in a multiphysics problem and provides a foundation for the development of more efficient heat transfer systems.

This study was aimed to show the changes of some blood parameters by the effect of biological and chemical treatment of rice straw ,It was conducted at The Ruminant Research Station in Abu Ghraib / Directorate of / Agricultural Researches / Ministry of Agriculture, for the period from June 1, 2021 until August 27, 2021 (preceded by the preliminary period 14 days), The study included 12 Iraqi buffalo calves aged 5 - 6 months. the calves were randomly divided into three equal groups (4 calves / group), kept in individual pens and distributed among group.T1 (the control group) in which the calves were fed on untreated rice straw T2 the calves were fed on rice straw treated with urea at a rate of 3% T3 the calves were fed on rice straw treated with Trichoderma harzianum at a rate of 0.1%. The triglycerides concentration were decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the T2 (11.28 mg/dL) and T3 (11.32 mg/dL) compared with T1 (20.79 mg/dL). similarly, the level of very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) was decreased 2.25, 2.26, 4.16 mg/dL for T2, T3, and T1, respectively. The creatinine concentration in T2(87.19 mmol/L) was significantly decrease than that of T1(177.8 mmol/L) and T3(176.75 mmol/L). Also, ALP concentration increased in T2 (238.93 IU/liter) compared with T1. (151.82 IU/liter), while it did not differ significantly with T3( 205.83 IU/liter) Also T3 did not differ significantly from T1. The differences in the concentration of lipid profile, protein fractions and enzymes activity among groups lacked significance , feeding of rice straw treated biologically and chemically had no negative effect on buffalo calves health.

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of leveling and tillage equipment on the soil bulk density and the growth and production of maize. Three landscaping types of equipment, namely laser, pelvic, and grader equipment, and three tillage equipment, namely moldboard plow, chisel plow, and no-till farming system. Soil bulk density, practical productivity, plant height, weight of 100 seeds, number of seeds per ear, and the yield of maize were measured. The results can be summarized as follows: The interaction between the pelvic leveling equipment and the no-till farming system was superior in obtaining the lowest soil bulk density, while the interaction between the laser leveling equipment and chisel plow was superior in obtaining the highest plant height, the highest weight of 100 seeds stood 36.70 g, the highest number Seeds per ear stood 371.30 seeds per ear and the highest yield of the plant stood 6.36 tons ha-1 compared to the other interventions.

Objectives: The mechanism by which mitral valve (MV) disease leads to atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood. Delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI) has been used to assess left atrial (LA) fibrosis in patients with lone AF before catheter ablation; however, few studies have used DE-MRI to assess MV-induced LA fibrosis in patients with or without AF undergoing MV surgery. Methods: Between March 2018 and September 2022, 38 subjects were enrolled; 15 age-matched controls, 14 patients with lone mitral regurgitation (MR), and 9 patients with MR and AF (MR + AF). Indexed LA volume, total LA wall, and regional LA posterior wall (LAPW) enhancement were defined by the DE-MRI. One-way analysis of variance was performed. Results: LA volume and LA enhancement were associated (r = 0.451, P = .004). LA volume differed significantly between controls (37.1 ± 10.6 mL) and patients with lone MR (71.0 ± 35.9, P = .020 and controls and patients with MR + AF (99.3 ± 47.4, P

Abstract Introduction Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is an HIV-associated cancer that is preventable and precancerous stages including early ICC stages could be detected through screening offering opportunities for treatment and cure. The high incidence in women living with HIV and late presentation often at advanced stages of ICC with limited treatment facilities often result in early mortality. We sought to compare the epidemiologic characteristics and survival differences in HIV status of ICC patients in Nigeria. Methods We conducted a cohort study at two federal academic hospital-based research sites in Jos University Teaching Hospital, and Lagos University Teaching Hospital Nigeria, between March 2018 and September 2022. We enrolled women with histologically confirmed ICC with known HIV status, and FIGO staging as part of the United States of America’s National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute funded project titled ‘Epigenomic Biomarkers of HIV-Associated Cancers in Nigeria’. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality with assessment of overall survival (OS) and time to death after ICC diagnosis. OS distribution was estimated using the method of Kaplan–Meier and compared between groups using the log-rank test. Results A total of 239 women with confirmed ICC were enrolled and included in this analysis, of whom 192 (80.3%) were HIV-negative (HIV−/ICC +), and 47 (19.7%) were HIV-positive (HIV +/ICC +). The HIV +/ICC + patients were younger with median age 46 (IQR: 40–51) years compared to 57 (IQR: 45–66) among HIV−/ICC + (P

Abstract Background Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a group of conditions that include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders, specific learning disorders, autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, and other disorders. Raising a child with an NDD can be difficult because it affects the social lives of the parents and their relationships. It also requires the parents to develop another set of skills to deal with their child. These factors increase their risk of depression and anxiety. Aim To measure the prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among parents of children with different NDDs, compare the rates between mothers and fathers, and measure the relevant associated factors. Methodology This study was a prospective, qualitative, cross-sectional, anonymous questionnaire-based study. The participants were 416 parents of children with NDDs in Saudi Arabia. The sample size was determined using the Richard Geiger equation with a 5% margin of error, a 95% confidence level, and a 50% response distribution. The screening was performed using a validated Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). These are short and understandable screening tools that assist in identifying and grading the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms. The participants were reached by distributing the questionnaire to parents who followed up with Saudi NDD-related associations, clinics, and psychiatric clinics from November 20 to May 8, 2022. The data were collected, reviewed, and then entered into SPSS 21. Results In total, 416 parents of children with NDDs in Saudi Arabia participated in the study. We demonstrated that 85.1% of parents of children with NDDs had depression and that 85.8% had anxiety. Mothers and fathers had similar rates of depression and anxiety. No significant difference was found between the type of NDD and rates of depression and anxiety in parents. Conclusion Children with NDDs affect their parents’ mental health in terms of increased rates of depression and anxiety. This increase is not correlated with a specific etiology. Healthcare professionals who care for children with NDDs should also assess parental mental health and seek an early diagnosis of mental illness to ensure that the appropriate interventions are provided for parents.

This study investigates the impact of nonsurgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in patients with periodontitis stages (S)2 and S3, and the factors associated with the prediction of patient-reported outcomes. Periodontitis patients (n = 68) with moderately deep periodontal pockets were recruited. Responses to the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-14 questionnaire and clinical parameters including plaque index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were recorded. All patients received supra- and subgingival professional mechanical plaque removal. All clinical parameters and questionnaire responses were recorded again 3 months after NSPT. Clinical parameters and OHIP-14 scores for both stages of periodontitis were significantly improved 3 months after treatment. However, participants with periodontitis S3 had significantly higher total OHIP-14, physical pain, and functional limitation domains scores than periodontitis S2 cases. Baseline CAL, BOP, and the presence of PPD in anterior teeth were positively associated with increased OHIP-14 scores after NSPT. NSPT improved OHRQoL in participants with periodontitis S2 and S3. This was more pronounced in participants having periodontitis S3 than S2. Poorer OHRQoL could be anticipated in people having severe CAL, high BOP, and presence of pockets in the anterior teeth.

The present work may deal with the flow, heat transfer and entropy dissections of hydromagnetic buoyancy-driven nanoliquid inside a diamond-shaped container considering ⊥- shaped obstacle of varying configurations subject to heat/sink source and porous matrix. The importance of the above problem is due its potential utilizations in modern industries such as thermal extrusion systems, solar energy collectors, heat exchangers, microelectronic cooling, automobiles, building ventilation, bio-medicine etc. The equations governed may well be solved via finite element method. The present work's novelty would be the introduction of ⊥- shaped obstacle of varying configurations in a diamond shaped cavity embodying a porous matrix and analyzing the flow along with heat transfer aspects there in. The main findings are that alteration of flow nature from hydrodynamic to hydromagnetic whittles down streamlines and augments isotherms at given Rayleigh number in presence of source/sink subject to porous medium. Total entropy exhibits 3896 % enhancement and average Bejan number shows sharp 85.5 % diminution due to rise of Rayleigh number. The outcomes of the present study finds effective and persistent industrial cooling due to better stability of alumina nanoparticles in nanofluid involved in complex geometries like diamond shaped cavities which is the beyond of existing literature.

The current study focuses on utilizing an advanced statistical concept for optimizing rate of heat transfer in a micropolar nanofluid flow within a squeezing channel. The study employs RSM to plan experiments and analyze the role of distinct constraints on HT performance. Moreover, the inclusion of dissipative heat due to the interaction of applied magnetic field along with thermal radiation enriches the study. The proposed designed model is transformed to its non-dimensional form using appropriate similarity rules and then numerical simulation is presented to solve the set of formulated problem. However, the irreversibility process of the system is assessing by incorporating the entropy analysis. The validation along with the characteristic of the contributing factor is presented via the solution of the present design. The outcomes reveals that enhanced volume fraction generally increases viscosity of the fluid which resulted in a strong retardation in the fluid velocity. However, the entropy rate augments with an increasing Br. The results provide the optimal conditions for HTR for both of the nanofluids, which is relevant for applications in drug delivery systems. The advancement in optimizing HTR using RSM and the regression analysis using ANOVA (analysis of variance) may have potential implications for biomedical engineering.

Objective. This is a single-center retrospective cohort study that aimed to quantitatively assess the association between prolonged school closure (>2 weeks) and pediatric respiratory hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. Subjects included 1243 patients presenting to Children’s Hospital of Michigan during the winters of 2019, 2020, and 2021. The primary outcome measures were total respiratory hospitalizations and respiratory diagnoses. Results. Data was analyzed using a 2-sample z -test for proportions. We found that pediatric patients in the setting of prolonged school closure had significantly fewer hospitalizations in 2020 compared to 2019 (9% vs 47%; P

Abstract Background High risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPV) have a causal role in cervical oncogenesis, and HIV-mediated immune suppression allows HR-HPV to persist. We studied whether vaginal microbiome community state types (CSTs) are associated with high-grade precancer and/or invasive cervical cancer (HSIL/ICC). Methods This was a cross-sectional study of adult women with cervical cancer screening (CCS) at the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH) in Jos, Nigeria, between January 2020 and February 2022. Cervical swabs underwent HPV genotyping (Anyplex™ II HPV28). Cervico-vaginal lavage (CVL) sample was collected for 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. We used multivariable logistic regression modelling to assess associations between CSTs and other factors associated with HSIL/ICC. Results We enrolled 155 eligible participants, 151 with microbiome data for this analysis. Women were median age 52 (IQR:43–58), 47.7% HIV positive, and 58.1% with HSIL/ICC. Of the 138 with HPV data, 40.6% were negative for HPV, 10.1% had low-risk HPV, 26.8% had single HR-HPV, and 22.5% had multiple HR-HPV types. The overall prevalence of any HR-HPV type (single and multiple) was 49.3%, with a higher proportion in women with HSIL/ICC (NILM 31.6%, LSIL 46.5%, HSIL 40.8%, and 81.5% ICC; p = 0.007). Women with HIV were more likely to have HSIL/ICC (70.3% vs. 29.7% among women without HIV). In crude and multivariable analysis CST was not associated with cervical pathology (CST-III aOR = 1.13, CST-IV aOR = 1.31). However, in the presence of HR-HPV CST-III (aOR = 6.7) and CST-IV (aOR = 3.6) showed positive association with HSIL/ICC. Conclusion Vaginal microbiome CSTs were not significantly associated with HSIL/ICC. Our findings suggest however, that CST could be helpful in identifying women with HSIL/ICC and particularly those with HR-HPV. Characterization of CSTs using point-of-care molecular testing in women with HR-HPV should be studied as an approach to improve early detection and cervical cancer prevention. Future longitudinal research will improve our understanding of the temporal effect of non-optimal CST, HR-HPV, and other factors in cervical cancer development, prevention, and control.

The present study aims to develop yield forecast models for the Sugarcane crop of the Coimbatore district in Tamilnadu using two different techniques namely Variables and Months in Discriminant function analysis. For this, the Sugarcane yield data for 57 years along with the monthly data on seven weather variables have been taken. For applying discriminant analysis, the yield data of sugarcane has been divided into two categories namely two groups and three groups. The discriminant scores from the two and three-group discriminant functions were employed as independent variables in the development of yield forecast models. The yield forecast models for both strategies were created utilizing scores and trend values as independent variables. The first 52 years of yield data (1960-2012) were used to create the model, and the last five years of data (2012-2016) were used for validation. The comparison has been made between two and three groups for both techniques. The results indicate the technique using the variable-wise method gives better results based on goodness of fit. Among the two categories in the variable-wise method, three groups performed better.

This article elucidates the impact of activation energy on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stagnation point nanofluid flow over a slippery surface in a porous regime with thermophoretic and Brownian diffusions. Negative activation energy is scarce in practice, but the impact of negative activation energy could not be neglected as it is noticed in chemical processes. The rate of some Arrhenius-compliant reactions is retarded by increasing the temperature and is therefore associated with negative activation energies, such as exothermic binding of urea or water. In some processes, the temperature dependence of the pressure-induced unfolding and the urea-induced unfolding of proteins at ambient pressure give negative activation energies. The present mathematical model is solved with successive linearization method (a spectral technique). A comparison of results is made for negative and positive values of activation energy. Apart from it, the quadratic multiple regression model is discussed briefly and explained with bar diagrams. It is observed that with rise in unsteadiness parameter from 0 to 1 (taking positive activation energy), skin friction and Sherwood number are increased by 9.36% and 19% respectively, and Nusselt number is decreased by 26%. However, for negative activation energy, 9.36% and 112% enhancement is observed in skin friction and Sherwood number, respectively.

Abstract Insulin resistance (IR) during obesity is linked to adipose tissue macrophage (ATM)-driven inflammation of adipose tissue. Whether anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids (GCs) at physiological levels modulate IR is unclear. Here, we report that deletion of the GC receptor (GR) in myeloid cells, including macrophages in mice, aggravates obesity-related IR by enhancing adipose tissue inflammation due to decreased anti-inflammatory ATM leading to exaggerated adipose tissue lipolysis and severe hepatic steatosis. In contrast, GR deletion in Kupffer cells alone does not alter IR. Co-culture experiments show that the absence of GR in macrophages directly causes reduced phospho-AKT and glucose uptake in adipocytes, suggesting an important function of GR in ATM. GR-deficient macrophages are refractory to alternative ATM-inducing IL-4 signaling, due to reduced STAT6 chromatin loading and diminished anti-inflammatory enhancer activation. We demonstrate that GR has an important function in macrophages during obesity by limiting adipose tissue inflammation and lipolysis to promote insulin sensitivity.

Motivated by the thermal importance of feeble electrically conducting nanofluids and their flow controls in many industrial and engineering applications, the present scrutinization intended to evidence comprehensively the main electro-magneto-hydrothermal and mass aspects of convective non-homogeneous flows of alumina-based pure water nanofluids Al2O3-H2O over a horizontal flat surface of an electromagnetic actuator (i.e., Riga pattern, which is embedded geometrically in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium. Further, the present nanofluid flow model is formulated realistically under the umbrella of the renovated two-phase Buongiorno’s approach with the inclusion of Brownian motion and thermophoresis diffusive phenomena, in which the vertical component of the nanoparticles’ mass flux tend to vanish at the limiting contact surface due to its impermeability trend. For streamlining the technical handling of the present nanofluid flow problem, the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are simplified mathematically by adopting the physical approximations of the boundary layer theory and then transformed into a differential structure of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) based on several similarity changes. Methodologically, the resulting nonlinear coupled ODEs are solved numerically via a validated differential quadrature procedure. Besides, the generated graphical demonstrations show that the nanofluid temperature is enhanced significantly with the porosity factors, the nanoparticles’ loading, the convective heating strength, and the thermophoresis process. However, the porosity factors and the nanoparticles’ loading exhibit a slowing-down impact on the nanofluid motion. Usefully, it is revealed from the obtained GDQM - NRT datasets that the nanoparticles’ loading and the porosity factors express an important improvement in the strength of the surface viscous drag forces, whereas the induced electromagnetic field shows a reverse viscous frictional impact.

Modern thermal energy storage (TES) systems rely laboriously on finding a low-cost method to improve heat transfer. In the present analysis, adding CuO nanoparticles and tilting the enclosure simultaneously is compared with a novel approach that employed water as a supplemental fluid to improve the melting process using the density difference between PCM and supplemental fluid. Oleic acid is selected as an immiscible PCM in water, which causes PCM and auxiliary fluid utterly separate at the end of the melting process to be usable in more additional TES cycles. By placing water as a heavier material directly on top of oleic acid, the melted oleic acid is replaced by water at the bottom of the enclosure when it melts because water has a heavier density than oleic acid. At first, adding 1% and 2% of CuO nanoparticles in an enclosure with different inclinations of 0°, 45°, and 90° is studied to identify the energy storage rate. Continuity, momentum, and energy equations are used to formulate a mathematical model of the TES system. In the next step, the melting process of the combined system is analyzed to determine the energy storage rate of the combined system compared to the system, including CuO nanoparticles in the inclined enclosure. Comparing the combined system with the optimal case of nano-PCM in the inclined enclosure, it was found that the energy storage rate in the system using auxiliary fluid is 1.396 times higher.

The heat sinks thermal performance with four aluminum fin configurations set under mixed convection settings at three voltage values 100, 150, and 200 V, was examined. Six fins are part of a heat sink. The flat fin is the first type (case1), the corrugated fin was the second (case2), the third one was a corrugated fin with rectangular perforations with its rib (case3), and the last one was corrugated with triangle perforations with its rib (case 4). The surface area of all studied cases is equal. The third and fourth studied cases are new proposed configurations by this work. The air velocity was 1.5 m/s. The temperature distribution along the fin surface was measured for each case study. The theoretical study was held on each studied case using a fluent package (ANSYS18 software). The absolute deviation between the experimental and numerical study for each studied case temperature distribution is 2.95% for case 1, 3.37% for case 2, 1.41% for case3 and, and 1.2% for case 4 at 160 W supplied power heater. Cases (3 and 4) will enhance the heat transfer coefficient compared to the flat fin case 11) which was 4.16% and 4.27% respectively. The fin perforations with its ribs case (3 and 4) decrease the material cost and heat sink weight to 7.7% and 8.3% respectively. Also, the required space to locate the heat sink is minimized

بعد ملاحظة تراجع الهياكل التنظيمية في الإدارات الحكومية وتراجع مواردها البشرية، ارتبطت هذه الظاهرة بفتح فرص التعيين لمواجهة البطالة المستمرة في العراق، ورغم أهمية هذا الدافع، فإن النظرة الاستراتيجية تستدعي تحديد هذه الهياكل وجهود تحسينها وتطويرها لتتناسب مع الأدوار الجديدة للمؤسسات الحكومية. يهدف هذا البحث إلى فهم أفضل لتحقيق الموازنة بين الحياة الشخصية والعملية الذي يتطلع إليه جيل الثمانينات والتسعينات من القرن العشرين عندما يتولون مواقع العمل. تُعرف الموازنة بين الحياة والعمل بأنها النسبة المثلى بين الوقت الذي يقضيه الفرد في العمل والوقت الذي يقضيه في غير موقع العمل. لقد استخدم الباحث عينة تضم 300 مشاركاً من مواليد الأعوام 1980 و 1993 استقصاءً تناول جوانب مختلفة من توقعاتهم الحالية والمستقبلية المتعلقة بتحقيق الموازنة بين الحياة والعمل، وقد وُجد أن هذا الجيل يتوقع أن يحصل على ساعات عمل مرنة، وهو على إستعداد للمشاركة في العمل عن بعد، وعموماً، تبين أن هذا الجيل يركز تركيزاً كبيراً في الحصول على الموازنة المثالية بين الحياة والعمل.

The incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is utilized for studying the circular rotations of three different structures, circular cylinder, rectangle and triangle centered in a circular cylinder cavity occupied by Al2O3 nanofluid. The novelty of this work is appearing in simulating the circular rotations of different solid structures on natural convection of a nanofluid-occupied a circular cylinder. The circular cylinder cavity is suspended by heterogeneous/homogeneous porous media. The embedded structures are taken as a circular cylinder, rectangle and triangle with equal areas. The first thermal condition considers the whole structure is heated, the second thermal condition considers the half of the structure is heated and the other is cooled and the third thermal condition considers the quarter of the structure is heated and the others are cooled. The outer boundary of cylinder cavity is cooled. Due to the small angular velocity ω=3.15 (low rotational speeds), then the natural convection case will be considered only. The results are representing the temperature, velocity fields. The simulations revealed that the presence of the inner hot/cold structures affects on the velocity distributions and temperature field inside a circular cylinder cavity. The triangle shape has introduced the highest temperature distributions and maximum values of the velocity fields compare to other shapes inside a circular cylinder cavity. The homogeneous porous level reduces the maximum values of velocity field by 25% compared to the heterogeneous porous level.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of adding a metal staple alongside the interference screw in tibial side graft fixation during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Methods: All patients treated with autograft hamstring ACLR at our institution between January 2017 and December 2021 with a minimum 1-year follow-up were reviewed retrospectively. Patients treated with a stand-alone interference screw for tibial side fixation were compared with those treated with a combination of interference screw and staple. The primary outcome was failure of the reconstructed graft. Secondary outcomes were operative time, complication rate, and reoperation rate. Results: A total of 497 patients met the study’s inclusion and exclusion criteria. A combination of staple and interference screw was used in 167 patients (33.6%), whereas a standalone interference screw was used in 330 patients. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of operative time, complication rate, or failure rate. The mean follow-up was 23.25 (±13.29) months. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that augmenting the interference screw with a staple for tibial-side fixation in ACLR does not have a significant impact on operative time, reoperation rate, complications, or failure rates. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

The essence of the current examination is to predict the consequence of the simultaneous incorporation of radiation absorption and chemical reaction on Casson fluid flow across an exponentially stretching surface under the influence of various exponential order flow parameters. The regulating partial differential equations are transitioned into ordinary differential equations by employing a best-suited similarity transformation. The resultant equations are computed numerically using MATLAB bvp4c built-in technique. In order to justify the precision of the numerical method used, the numerical values obtained in a constrained scenario are correlated with the outcomes existing in the literature. The impacts of multifarious dimensionless parameters on velocity profile, temperature and concentration distributions are illustrated graphically. The effect of involved parameters on skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are tabulated. The Combined influence of chemical reaction and radiation absorption with the incorporation of an exponential parameter on the flow field is trailblazing since the radiation absorption skyrockets the temperature, but on the contrary, chemical reaction decelerates the temperature.

Cardiac muscle has the highest mitochondrial density of any human tissue, but mitochondrial dysfunction is not a recognized cause of isolated cardiomyopathy. Here, we determined that the rare mitofusin (MFN) 2 R400Q mutation is 15–20× over-represented in clinical cardiomyopathy, whereas this specific mutation is not reported as a cause of MFN2 mutant-induced peripheral neuropathy, Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). Accordingly, we interrogated the enzymatic, biophysical, and functional characteristics of MFN2 Q400 versus wild-type and CMT2A-causing MFN2 mutants. All MFN2 mutants had impaired mitochondrial fusion, the canonical MFN2 function. Compared to MFN2 T105M that lacked catalytic GTPase activity and exhibited normal activation-induced changes in conformation, MFN2 R400Q and M376A had normal GTPase activity with impaired conformational shifting. MFN2 R400Q did not suppress mitochondrial motility, provoke mitochondrial depolarization, or dominantly suppress mitochondrial respiration like MFN2 T105M. By contrast to MFN2 T105M and M376A, MFN2 R400Q was uniquely defective in recruiting Parkin to mitochondria. CRISPR editing of the R400Q mutation into the mouse Mfn2 gene induced perinatal cardiomyopathy with no other organ involvement; knock-in of Mfn2 T105M or M376V did not affect the heart. RNA sequencing and metabolomics of cardiomyopathic Mfn2 Q/Q400 hearts revealed signature abnormalities recapitulating experimental mitophagic cardiomyopathy. Indeed, cultured cardiomyoblasts and in vivo cardiomyocytes expressing MFN2 Q400 had mitophagy defects with increased sensitivity to doxorubicin. MFN2 R400Q is the first known natural mitophagy-defective MFN2 mutant. Its unique profile of dysfunction evokes mitophagic cardiomyopathy, suggesting a mechanism for enrichment in clinical cardiomyopathy.

The subject matter of the article is the analysis and design of a via free metamaterial antenna based on a composite right/left-handed transmission line (CRLH-TL) structure. The goal is to design a high-gain antenna with dual-band resonance capable of changing its resonance frequency and gain adaptively. The tasks to be solved are creating an antenna with a high gain-bandwidth product along the operated band, achieving adaptive frequency reconfiguration and creating a direct antenna modulation process using active elements. The simulation methods used are: the proposed antenna is designed by integrating a CRLH-TL structure to a 1D array based on two types of unit cells: The first unit cell is realized from a Hilbert curve of the 3rd order, and the second one is based on the 1st order of Minkowski – stepped impedance resonator (SIR). The antenna parts are printed on a Taconic RF-43 substrate with thickness = 1.57 mm. The following results were obtained: The Hilbert/Minkowski–SIR antenna achieved dual-band operation with a maximum gain equal to 14 dBi and 18 dBi at 5 GHz and 5.5 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, by changing the states of the PIN diode, an amplitude shift keying direct antenna modulation process is achieved; for instance, at 5 GHz, the antenna can change its gain directly in the range from (12-14) dBi with good impedance matching. Finally, the proposed antenna shows a low profile and operates at different frequency bands within sub-6 GHz applications. Conclusions. The simulation results indicate that such antenna performance enhancement is the result of eliminating via conduction losses, ground plane capacitance losses and suppressing surface wave reflections due to the Hilbert/Minkowski SIR introduction.

The current research focuses the light on the characterization of buoyancy-driven non-linear mixed convection and non-linear radiation in a Newtonian flow over a non-linearly stretching vertical sheet, and this type of flow has useful applications in many industrial processes, such as the paper and pulp industry, polymer industry, electronic device cooling, solar collectors, gas turbine plants, and nuclear power. Using appropriate transformations, governing PDEs for non-linear mixed convection are reduced to higher-order non-linear ODEs and those are numerically solved. Along with tabular presentations of computed results, the graphical representations are generated to elucidate the effects of involved parameters on convection transport properties and their inter-relations. It demonstrates that flow velocity increases near the surface and decreases away from the surface as the non-linear convection parameter increases. Furthermore, increments in the thermal buoyancy, temperature ratio and non-linear radiation parameters result in the boost of velocity. The temperature decreases as linear and non-linear buoyancy-related parameters (non-linear convection and thermal buoyancy parameters) are of higher levels. In contrast, the temperature rises with two non-linear thermal radiation-related parameters (thermal ratio and non-linear radiation parameters). For greater values of the non-linear stretching related parameter, a lower velocity and a higher temperature are witnessed. The non-linear convection, thermal buoyancy, thermal ratio and non-linear radiation parameters contribute toward the reduction of the magnitude of surface-drag force and growth of the surface cooling rate. But, with the non-linearity in surface stretching there are significant percentage hikes of surface-drag force magnitude and surface cooling rate.

Compared to linear analogs, hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have gotten much attention in the last decade because of their intrinsic globular topologies and distinctive features like low viscosity, high solubility, and a high degree of functionality. In this work, four types of hyperbranched polyester polymer HBPs have been synthesized using the A2+B3 polycondensation methodology. Firstly, the starting material B3 monomer (Pyrimidine-2,4,6-triol) has been synthesized using urea and malonic acid with the presence of sodium Na as the catalyst for the reaction. Secondly, four types of materials (tartaric acid TA, adipic acid AD, maleic acid MA, and phthalic anhydride PA) as A2 monomers were added to the starting material B3 monomer in an oil bath to prepare the four types of HBP. The chemical structure of HBPs was characterized by FTIR, and 1H-NMR. The molecular weight of the prepared HBPs was characterized by gel permeation chromatography GPC, and thermal properties were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry DSC and thermal gravimetric analysis TGA. FTIR results showed that there are new bands, such as C-O-C between A2 and B3 monomers, as indicated by 1H-NMR. In addition, GPC shows that the prepared polymers have a narrow molecular weight distribution with good thermal stability, as indicated by DSC and TGA.

Flow over rotating spheres has serious applications in fiber coating, rotating machinery design and parts, and projectile missions. Therefore, the current study investigates the flow and entropy generation of a radiative magneto-hybrid nanofluid flow over rotating sphere. Further, the temperature-sensorial water properties in studying water-based nanofluids are ignored, though this erratic behavior of water characteristics influences the physical characteristics of the corresponding hybrid nanofluid. Hence the current framework is one of the foremost projects to introduce the variable nature of water properties in the water-hosted hybrid nanofluid flow analysis. The investigation is accomplished in the account of the modified Buongiorno model (MBM). The flow separation in this kind of flow geometry is controlled by using non-erratic slot-mass transfer. The mathematical representations of the physical principles of the flow are solved using (i) congenial transformation (ii) quasilinearization (iii) methods of finite differences to form a block matrix system, and (iv) Varga’s iterative algorithm. Some of the major outcomes are: The flow separation can be significantly delayed using slot suctions, precisely appointing them downstream with higher strengths; heat transport performance drastically subsidies for high viscous dissipation (Ec), entropy produces at higher rate for viscous heating (Br) and high angular speed (Ω).

Abstract Recently, Nanoparticles have supplied diverse challenges to several scientific issues. Nanoparticles dispersed in a variety of conventional fluids can change the flow and heat transmission properties of the fluids. The mathematical technique is used in this work to investigate the MHD water-based nanofluid flow via an upright cone. The heat and mass flux pattern is used in this mathematical model to examine MHD, viscous dissipation, radiation, chemical reactions and suction/injection processes. The finite difference approach was used to find the solution to the basic governing equations. A combination of nanofluids comprising nanoparticles including aluminum oxide (Al $$_{2}$$ 2 O $$_{3}$$ 3 ), silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO $$_{2}$$ 2 ) with a volume fraction of nanoparticles (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04), viscous dissipation ( $$\epsilon = 0.4, 0.8$$ ϵ = 0.4 , 0.8 ), MHD (M = 0.5, 1.0), radiation (Rd = 0.4, 1.0, 2.0), chemical reaction ( $$\lambda = 0.2, 2.0$$ λ = 0.2 , 2.0 ) and heat source/sink ( $$\Delta = -3, -2 ,0.5 , 1$$ Δ = - 3 , - 2 , 0.5 , 1 ) . The mathematical findings of velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, heat transfer rate as well as Sherwood number distributions are analyzed diagrammatically using non-dimensional flow parameters. It has been discovered that by increasing the value of the radiation parameter, velocity and temperature profiles enhance. The production of safe, high-quality products for consumers across the world depends on vertical cone mixers, from food to medicine, household cleansers to personal hygiene products. Every vertical cone mixer type we provide was especially developed to meet the demands of industry. As the mixer warms up on the slanted surface of the cone while vertical cone mixers are being utilized, the effectiveness of the grinding may be felt. The temperature is transferred along the cone’s slant surface as a consequence of the mixture being mixed quickly and repeatedly. This study describes the heat transmission in these events and their parametric properties. The heated cone’s temperature is then convective to its surroundings.

Hyperthermia is one of the non-invasive therapy of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA), which is achieved by applying a heat source upon the AAA without surgical operation. This research paper considers laminar flow and heat transfer in a heated abdominal aortic aneurysm using an isothermal boundary condition. Heat is added to explicate the thermal treatment of a diseased artery. The blood is assumed as a non-Newtonian fluid based on the shear-thinning Carreau model. Two unequal aneurysms are assumed in the lower wall to simulate bulges or a disordered artery. Flexible wall segments are assumed in the upper wall and opposing to each aneurysm. The transient momentum and energy equations are solved based on the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) using the Arbitrary-Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. It is found that the shear stress is much higher for a higher index of the power-law fluid governing the blood viscosity and hence, it is strictly recommended to reduce the viscous nature of the blood in diseased vessels. It is found also that the thermal energy can be greatly transported across the blood at a higher Reynolds number, this means that the hyperthermia therapy becomes effective when blood flows violently through the aortic.

Urethrocutaneous fistula may complicate hypospadias repair. We noticed that double-layered preputial dartos flaps added to tubularized incised plate urethroplasty can reduce the risk of urethrocutaneous fistula. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with double-layered preputial dartos flaps to with single-layered local fascial flaps in preventing urethrocutaneous fistula. A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2017 and December 2020 at Jordan University Hospital (Amman, Jordan). Boys who were aged between 6 months and 5 years, diagnosed with distal hypospadias, and not circumcised were included. The primary outcome was the occurrence of urethrocutaneous fistula in patients who underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a double-layered fascial flap. The results showed a total of 163 boys with distal hypospadias; among them, 116 patients underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a single-layered fascial flap, and 47 underwent tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a double-layered fascial flap. The development of urethrocutaneous fistula was higher in the group receiving tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a single-layered fascial flap than in the group receiving tubularized incised plate urethroplasty with a double-layered fascial flap after 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months (6.9% vs 0, 10.3% vs 0, and 5.2% vs 0, respectively), and the difference after 6 months was statistically significant (P = 0.02).

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an essential technology in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond 5G (B5G) communication systems. Massive MIMO is employed to meet the increasing request for high capacity in next-generation wireless communication networks. However, signal processing in massive MIMO incurs a high complexity due to a large number of transmitting and receiving antenna elements. In this paper, we propose low complexity massive MIMO data detection techniques based on zero-forcing (ZF) and vertical bell laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST) method in combination with approximate matrix inversion techniques; Neumann series (NS) and Newton iteration (NI). The proposed techniques reduce the complexity of the ZF V-BLAST method since they avoid the exact matrix inverse computation. Initialization based on a stair matrix is also exploited to balance the performance and the complexity. In addition, we propose a massive MIMO detector based on approximate matrix inversion with a stair matrix initialization and deep learning (DL) based detector; MM Network (MMNet) algorithm. MMNet contains a linear transformation followed by a non-linear denoising stage. As signals propagate through the MMNet, the noise distribution at the input of the denoiser stages approaches a Gaussian distribution, form precisely the conditions in which the denoisers can attenuate noise maximally. We validated the performance of the proposed massive MIMO detection schemes in Gaussian and realistic channel models, i.e., Quadriga channels models. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed detectors achieve a remarkable improvement in the performance with a notable computational complexity reduction when compared to conventional ZF V-BLAST and the MMNET in both simple and real channel scenarios.

Background: After the COVID-19 outbreak, significant changes in lifestyle and dietary patterns were observed. There are many studies indicating lifestyle changes but very few pointing out the intricate changes in consumption of different food groups, so our aim is to analyze the same. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 participants between the age group of 18 and 60 years. A self-developed questionnaire with questions regarding the change in consumption of different food groups during the pandemic was circulated online among the urban population. Results: It was observed that 46% participants turned down their consumption of fish and seafood and 48.2% participants lowered frozen protein consumption. 44.9% respondents increased their milk consumption and 41.8% reduced their intake of ice-creams. It was observed that 42.4% participants turned up their consumption of bread and buns and 47.3% of respondents increased their rice intake. It was further recorded that 39.6% and 40.9% participants raised their intake of sweets and chocolates and biscuits and cookies, respectively. 50% and 61.3% respondents ate more green leafy vegetables and fruits during the pandemic. There was a 53.3%, 46.9%, and 38.7% reduction in the consumption of hamburgers, pizza, and fried foods, respectively. Conclusion: Majority of the participants have increased consumption of healthy foods like milk, fruits, vegetables, and nuts, while reduced the consumption of junk foods, carbonated drinks, and ice-cream. There has been a positive shift in the dietary pattern of the Indian population toward foods that help develop immunity despite its limited availability during the pandemic.

The work examines terahertz (THz) broadband absorbers for unit topological structure (UTS) with spaced graphene. This study examined the transmission and absorption of the proposed structure without and with graphene at each dielectric interface. The UTS absorbed more light while using a cascade structure with a structural index ( n ) and adjusting dielectric thicknesses (Δ). Absorption increased significantly with an external magnetic field ( B ). The objective for a complete THz absorber is achieved with average absorption, $\overline{A}$ = 0.8093 by a modified structure with n = 5, applying an external magnetic field, B = 10.7 T, Fermi level, E _F = −0.48 eV, and manipulating the thickness parameter Δ.

Due to the importance of data security at present, an encryption algorithm based on the principle of non-commutative group, hash function, and E-fractal has been proposed. Key generation depends on the array values generated by the braid group and using them as input to the SHA-3 (256) which increases the strength of the key because it generates values in one direction only. The results of the hash function are determined by the Lorenz hyper-chaotic system initial values, and four image-size arrays are generated as the final image-encryption keys using the RC4 algorithm. Then the use of the E-fractal diffusion method. To bolster the security of the encryption, it is employed to disperse the pixel values., adopting the control word that increases the randomness of the data. The security analysis of the proposed encryption algorithm demonstrates that it is difficult to decipher due to the presence of the hash function in addition to its easy implementation within seconds, and the efficiency scale was calculated that showed its strength in effectively resisting attacks by others.

The goal of phishing assaults is to trick users into giving up personal information by making them believe they need to act quickly on critical information. The creation of efficient solutions, such as phishing attack detection systems backed by AI, is essential for the safety of users. This research suggests a two-stage hybrid strategy that uses both URL and content analysis to identify phishing assaults. In the first step of the suggested method, URL analysis is used to determine the legitimacy of suspected phishing assaults. If the site is still live, the second check uses content analysis to determine how serious the attack is. Both analysis' findings are taken into account in the decision-making procedure. As can be seen from the experiments, the hybrid system obtains an astounding 99.06% accuracy rate. This research adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing a massive dataset of over 14 million data samples that includes both legal and phishing URLs. Furthermore, when content analysis is required for phishing URL detection, the two-stage hybrid technique significantly outperforms URL analysis alone by 70.23 %. The proposed method provides better defense against phishing attempts and is practical enough for widespread use.

The paper attempts to analyze fish production and the direction of trade. Data for the analysis was taken from a period of 10 years (2011- 2021) from the Ministry of Commerce & Industry and FAO. To examine the type and extent of increase in the fish area, production, and productivity throughout the course of the year for several countries, including China, Vietnam, the United States, Norway, and India, descriptive statistics and the sustainability index were utilized. Markov chain analysis employing linear programming was then applied to determine transition probabilities in fish trade. The fish export markets were the USA, China, Japan, Thailand, Taiwan, Kuwait, Hong Kong, and others. The fish export markets were categorized as stable markets (China, USA, Taiwan, Thailand, and Hong Kong) and unstable markets (Japan and Kuwait) based on the magnitude of transition probabilities. Though the country has a good potential for export of fish. India must therefore give rising output more consideration, supported by measures that encourage exports. In addition, initiatives must be made to develop a new market and broaden the trade area to include other significant, global markets.