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Abstract Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are the most common issue in pediatric clinical practice. They pose a significant public threat, with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Aiming at understanding the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory pathogens and their risk factors among children in eastern Guangdong, China. Samples obtained from 15,993 children hospitalized with ARIs in eastern Guangdong Province were tested for 14 pathogens via multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from May 2019 to July 2023. The number of hospitalizations for ARIs was correlated with pathogens, age, meteorological parameters, and the pandemic of COVID-19. The data were analyzed by different statistical methods. Among all the samples, the positive rate with ARIs accounted for 68.94% (11,026/15,993) in hospitalized patients. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (24.49%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) (20.54%), and Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) (14.16%) were the top three pathogens with the greatest infection rates. Among hospitalized patients, there were more single infections in pediatric patients (40.91%, P

Artificial reefs may be created within estuaries for multiple reasons, including habitat enhancement, oyster production, or recreational fishing. While traditional sampling in this environment is difficult due to complex structures and the high turbidity of estuaries, acoustic imaging sonar provides an effective alternative to measure abundance and size spectra of the fish community. We sampled eight artificial reefs in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, that are designated as oyster sanctuaries. At each oyster sanctuary, we sampled 26 boat positions along two transects using ARIS imaging sonar, which included control areas outside of the sanctuaries over featureless bottom. We found that fish abundance and mean length were greater within the oyster sanctuary boundaries, but did not observe any significant differences among artificial substrate types within the sanctuaries. Further, we found that fish abundance dropped to near background levels within 25 m outside of the oyster sanctuary edge. Size spectra analysis revealed that abundance was higher in the sanctuaries versus control areas for every length bin of the fish community (5 to 50 cm). However, the differences in abundance were greatest for 10 to 30 cm fishes. Our results can be coupled with previous research on species composition data to more fully understand the potential role that the Pamlico Sound oyster sanctuaries, and estuarine artificial reefs in general, serve as habitat and recreational fishing enhancement.

I participated in the “baseline study,” examining 32 faculty research grant proposals from a variety of STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) fields submitted by faculty across multiple departments on a single university’s campus. We analyzed the broader impact statement in each of the 32 proposals using the Center for Advancing Research Impacts in Society (ARIS) broader impact (BI) Toolkit. This essay is a comprehensive review I attempted of BI strategies recommended by NSF and the ARIS Toolkit. My voice in this essay carries forward some of the impressions I perceived from interacting with NSF applicants’ proposals submitted by the faculty at the study site. Moreover, the essay is set in the backdrop of my academic and professional background in medicine, public health, human resource administration, and heath communication and social influence. Views on cross-cultural comparisons are included with reference to broader impacts between United States and Pakistan as a developing nation.

Broader Impacts (BI), or the potential for academic research to benefit society, are an important and growing function of higher education. Government agencies and private foundations increasingly expect researchers to clearly articulate BI in addition to intellectual contributions to their fields. In response to these expectations and the University of Notre Dame’s (ND) mission, the Center for Broader Impacts was established in 2022 to simultaneously enhance institutional efforts to support competitive research proposal development and contribute to the overall societal impact of ND by collaborating with faculty, campus units, and external partners to design, implement, and evaluate effective BI opportunities for a wide range of audiences. Drawing from expertise across a variety of faculty and staff practitioners, as well as discussions the authors participated in with seven other diverse universities as members of the Center for Advancing Research Impact in Society’s (ARIS) Program to Enhance Organizational Research Infrastructure Capacity (ORIC) Cohort 5 training sessions, this article helps inform BI practitioners in higher education of potential obstacles, opportunities, and approaches to supporting researchers across their own campuses and communities, while also highlighting nuances of working with researchers for BI partners. An example model for a sustainable approach to BI programming is also offered in the context of the future of BI.

This paper focuses on enhancing researchers’ ability to articulate and achieve societal impacts in their work using the ARIS Broad Impact (BI) Toolkit as a jumping off point. The authors conducted a survey of UNM researchers to understand their approach to societal impact and relationship-building in research projects. The key findings suggest that 1) researchers across disciplines and funding sources value societal impacts in their work; 2) most UNM researchers engage in collaborative relationships as part of their efforts to achieve broader societal impacts; and 3) while researchers feel confident in conceptualizing and carrying out activities related to broader societal impacts, they are less confident in writing BI statements for NSF proposals. Based on these findings, the authors recommend that research development professionals 1) emphasize the importance of finding meaning in research through its broader social impacts; 2) develop tools to support more intentional relationship-building in research projects; and 3) provide resources to help researchers translate their ideas into effective BI statements for proposals. The paper concludes by highlighting areas for further research, including student engagement, mentorship, and institutional questions about BI project development and evaluation. The authors argue that addressing these areas is crucial for enhancing the societal value and effectiveness of scholarly work, ultimately driving significant positive change through research.

The online following of conspiracy theory believers known as QAnon has recently come into focus of U.S. government agencies and terrorism scholars, raising questions about the risk of violence it poses. To address these questions, as well as to triangulate existing research on QAnon’s threat, the present study compared survey responses about actual radical intention and activist intention scores of QAnon supporters (n = 113) and non-QAnon participants (n = 287), relative to QAnon’s radicalization as perceived by non-QAnon participants. Actual radical intention scores for QAnon supporters were significantly lower than the perceptions of QAnon radical intentions, and were not significantly different than the actual radical intention scores for non-QAnon participants. Activist intention scores were lowest among QAnon supporters, followed by non-QAnon supporters, and then by perceptions of QAnon activist intentions. The implications of the results for public policy are discussed.

Shem Creek is a Charleston waterway well-known for numerous recreational activities such as paddle boarding, fishing, and kayaking. However, Charleston WaterKeepers, a local organization, has consistently found high levels of coliform bacteria within Shem Creek. With antibiotic prescription rates surging and coastal flooding becoming an increasing concern, antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs) have become both a public health and environmental risk. ARBs can lead to the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections (ARIs) within populations. Precipitation influences bacterial concentrations in a body of water. Immediately after rainfall, the levels of bacteria rise tremendously. Runoff from livestock, sewage, and hospitals are known to contribute to the development of ARBs in bodies of water. Consistent water testing is essential to preventing the risk and spread of ARIs and determining what additional factors contribute to the development of ARBs in an aquatic environment. This pilot study found that precipitation was directly associated with the levels of bacteria found within Shem Creek and validated that ARBs are present within local waterways in Charleston, South Carolina.

Determining the role of age on the transmission of an infection is a topic that has received significant attention. In this work, a dataset of acute respiratory infections structured by age from San Luis Potosí, Mexico, is analyzed to understand the age impact on this class of diseases. To do that, a compartmental SEIRS multigroup model is proposed to describe the infection dynamics among age groups. Then, a Bayesian inference approach is used to estimate relevant parameters in the model such as the probability of infection, the average time that one individual remains infectious, the average time that one individual remains immune, and the force of infection, among others. Based on those estimates, our analysis leads us to conclude that children less than 5 years old are the primary spreaders of respiratory infections in San Luis Potosí's population from 2000 to 2008 since they are more prone to get sick, remain infectious for longer periods and they are reinfected more rapidly. On the other hand, the group of young adults (20-59) is the one that differs the most from the little children's group because it does not get sick often, it remains infectious only a few days and it stays healthy for longer periods. These observations allow us to infer that the group of young adults is the one that, on average, less contributed to the spread of this class of infections during the years represented in our database.

Abstract In this poster paper, we describe our experiences with the Use Case methodology in a funded consortium research project. In our project, more than 50 documented Use Cases evolved during five phases where their maturity continuously increased. They were firstly used in the application phase of the project, afterwards recorded more detailed, migrated and continuously updated in a repository for the further utilization, and outlined in the Smart Grid Architecture Model. The report addresses the methodology used, the organizational support as well as the synergies that warrant the effort spend on the Use Case methodology. We thereby describe our initial course of action as well as our experiences made during two years of deploying the methodology.

Modelling and simulation of business processes is an area that in the recent years began to have greater importance and has been becoming more and more popular. The purpose of this article is to familiarise readers with knowledge on modelling of business processes in the Aurea BPM and ARIS tools in the process of an epidemiological inquiry. This article also aims to show how modelling and simulation of business processes support the company in developing integrated information processing system. The article presents the effects of the implementation of business processes, including changes that may occur in the organisation.

The spatial distribution of fish upstream of a vertical trash rack was investigated at the hydropower plant Kirchbichl in the alpine River Inn (Tyrol, Austria). The objective of the research project “FIDET” was to establish a non-invasive methodology to study fish presence and flow characteristics at large hydro power sites. A new monitoring approach was developed combining hydroacoustic observations of fish locations with multivariate hydrodynamic data. This was accomplished by utilizing complementary observations from multiple underwater sensor technologies: First, an array of echosounders were deployed at a fixed cross-section upstream of the trash rack for long-term monitoring. Afterwards, detailed underwater surveys with “acoustic cameras” (DIDSON and ARIS) revealed that the spatial distributions of fish in front of the trash rack were highly heterogeneous. The spatial distribution of the flow field was assessed via the time-averaged velocity fields from acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). Finally, a custom pressure-based flow turbulence probe was developed, providing spatial estimates of flow turbulence immediately upstream of the trash rack. The significant contribution of this work is to provide a multi-modal monitoring approach incorporating both fish position data and hydrodynamic information. This forms the starting point for a future objective, namely to create an automated, sonar-based detection and control systems to assist and monitor fish protection operations in near real-time.

This paper introduces a methodology applying an imaging sonar for three-dimensional (3D) target tracking underwater. The key process in this work involves obtaining the target’s position in space using two images of the same scene, acquired by an adaptive resolution imaging sonar (ARIS) at different positions. A data association algorithm was designed to connect the same target in image sequences. The goal of this work was to track multiple targets in 3D space. The ARIS provides sequences of bi-dimensional images from the backscattered energy according to the range and azimuth. The challenge involved determining the missing elevation information for the observed object within the sonar detection range. By computing the geometrical transformation between the acquisition planar images and the cubical space, using only the sonar information that included the posture and moving speed of the ARIS, the target’s elevation information was obtained. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, an indoor experiment was conducted using the ARIS. On the basis of the experimental results, we confirmed that the proposed method effectively obtained the target’s position in 3D space. A moving target simulation was also conducted, and the results showed that this method was effective for moving targets. Finally, a field experiment was performed to obtain the vertical distribution and track the 3D trajectories of fish.

互联网的快速发展、多媒体和实时业务的涌现对路由技术提出了新的要求，通过将第二层交换引入到第三层路由当中可以很好地改善路由。在这方面比较突出的是IPSwitching（IP交换），TagSwitching（标签交换），ARIS，CSR和MPLS。本文对这几种技术分别做了论述，并着重讨论了IPSwitching技术，将IPSwitching技术与MPOA做了比较。