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Introduction: Competency-based education seeks to bridge the gap between the labor market and the academic education system. Due to the problems of graduates of this field in the professional contexts, this study endeavored to up to date the curriculum of the field based on the expected job qualifications of the health system. Methods: This qualitative and applied study with the focus-group discussion method was conducted in the Faculty of Management and Medical Education of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2019. To discuss the group, 13 faculty members and experts, graduates as well as two hospital managers were selected to identify the differences between academic learning and the professional requirements, and then to evaluate the content and topics of the Master of Health Services Management course. At the end of the group's consensus, notes were taken on the agreed results. Results: The data analysis revealed that the essential competencies are like this: leadership, effective teamwork, problem-solving, system thinking, and quality improvement. Changes were suggested in the content of existing courses, like working abilities with STATA software, expertise to design solutions by systems thinking methodologies, awareness of the ultimate challenges of the decisions without supporting evidence, and capacity to compare and criticize strategic planning process and outcomes. Conclusion: Findings revealed that modifications to current courses' content were suggested by adding new curriculum approaches to cover the required skill set. Given changes in the formal curriculum is a time-consuming process, transforming the content of existing courses is recommended.

The Relationship between Patient Safety Culture and Barriers to Medical Errors Reporting Among Nurses in Tehran Hospitals Daneshkohan Abbas1, Mahfoozpour Soad2, Palesh Mohammad1, Fazli Ouchhesar Babak3, Fazali Ouchhesar Farasat4* 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Virtual School of Medical Education and Management, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Associate professor, Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3. Lecturer, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 4. MSc in Health Services Management, Shariati Hospital, Tehran, Iran *Corresponding Author: Farasat Fazali Ouchhesar Address: Shariati Hospital, Jalal-e-Al-e-Ahmad Hwy, North Kargar St, Tehran, Iran Tel: 00982184901000 Email: farasat.fazli@yahoo.com Abstract: Background & Objectives: According to World Health Organization, patient safety is a serious public health issue, an important aspect of the quality of health care, and a vital prerequisite for universal health coverage. The objective of this study was to investigate nurseschr('39') perceptions of patient safety culture (PSC), barriers to medical error reporting, as well as the relationship between the two. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in six public hospitals in Tehran on 420 nurses who were selected using multistage sampling. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) and a researcher-made questionnaire on barriers to medical error reporting were utilized. Data were analyzed using correlation tests, t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate regression analysis using SPSS software (version 20). Results: The mean score of patient safety culture was 52.01 and the mean score of barriers to error reporting was 3.13. Manager expectations and actions had the highest mean score (69.8) and non-punitive response to errors had the lowest mean score (23.6) among the dimensions of patient safety culture. Fear of the consequences of reporting an error was the most important perceived barrier to error reporting (3.37). There was a significant negative correlation between safety culture and perceived barriers to error reporting (P

Informed decision-making in Primary Health Care (PHC) is a foundation of universal health coverage, and depends on high-quality data. This study explores the perception of primary healthcare workers on data quality and data use in a northern Iranian city. A cross-sectional study was conducted with participation of 348 healthcare workers in urban and rural PHC centers of Rasht city. The data were collected using a validated self-administered questionnaire. Then SPSS statistics software was employed for the analysis process. The mean score of data quality and data use were 6.43 ± 1.68 and 5.89 ± 2.18 out of 10, respectively. Data accessibility (7.10 ± 1.88) and data accuracy (5.88 ± 2.18) had the highest and lowest mean scores from the workers' perspective. The volume of the data collected, frequency of training program on HIS, supervision and providing feedback, and the existence of incentive mechanism were associated with data quality and data use. In these settings, the overall perceived data quality and data use were at a relatively desirable level. Reducing the amount of the data collected training health workers on data management, supportive supervision, constructive feedback, and developing incentive mechanisms will improve the data quality and data use in the PHC centers.

The Relationship of Quality of Services Provided to Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Self- assessment in Comprehensive Health Service Centers Daneshkohan Abbas1, Zarei Ehsan1, Sadegh Tabrizi Jafar2, Ranjbar Fatemeh3* 1. Assistant Professor, Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, School of Management and Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2. Professor, Department of Health Services Management, Faculty of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Tabriz, Iran 3. MSc in Health Service Management, Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran * Corresponding Author: Fatemeh Ranjbar Address: Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, School of Public Health, Chamran Shahid Highway, St. Yemen, Tehran, Iran Tel: 00982122432040 Email: fatemeh_ranjbar@sbmu.ac.ir Abstract: Background & Objectives: Ensuring high quality care for diabetic patients is a challenge for healthcare systems throughout the world. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of quality of services provided to type 2 diabetic patients with self- assessment in comprehensive health service centers. Methods: This descriptive-analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to ten comprehensive health service centers of south Tehran/ Iran in 2018 selected through convenience sampling method. Data collection tool was a questionnaire for comprehensive assessment of quality of health services. Data were analyzed through SPSS22 and using t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression statistical tests. Results: From the perspective of patients, mean score of quality of services was 7.47. Among different health services, the highest mean score of quality was related to trust and continuity of service while, support and prevention gained the lowest mean score of quality. There was a significant statistical relationship between the quality of service and self-assessment of diabetes control in the past 12 months (P= 0.007). Also, a significant relationship was found between the quality of service and diabetes complication (P = 0.04). With each unit increase of the quality of service, the odds of a standard visit increased by 27% (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Design and implementation of interventions in order to increase the social support of patients and sharing their experiences with each other as well as improving the dimensions of prevention and safety in care are essential. Key­words: Service quality, Type 2 diabetes, Comprehensive health service centers, Importance, Performance ­Citation: Daneshkohan A, Zarei E, Sadegh Tabrizi J, Ranjbar F. The Relationship of Quality of Services Provided to Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Self- assessment in Comprehensive Health Service Centers. Journal of Health Based Research 2019; 5(2): 187-201. [In Persian]

زمینه و اهداف: نظارت بعنوان یکی از مهمترین کارکردهای مدیریت منابع انسانی، نقش مهمی در انگیزش و عملکرد کارکنان سلامت ایفا می کند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی وضعیت نظارت حمایتی از دیدگاه کارکنان و ناظران مراقبت های بهداشتی اولیه بود. مواد و روشها: این مطالعه توصیفی- مقطعی با مشارکت 325 نفر از کارکنان و 92 نفر از ناظران آنها انجام شد. داده ها با استفاده از دو پرسشنامه تهیه شده بر اساس مرور گسترده متون که روایی و پایایی آنها تایید شد، جمع آوری گردید. تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از آمار توصیفی و تحلیلی در نرم افزار SPSS16 انجام شد. تمامی مراحل مطالعه حاضر طبق موازین اخلاقی اجرا گردید. یافته ها: میانگین نمره وضعیت نظارت حمایتی از دیدگاه کارکنان 1/24±0/38و از دیدگاه ناظران 1/6±0/2از دو نمره و این تفاوت معنی دار بود (P

زمینه و اهداف: یکی از مهمترین موضوعات در بخش سلامت، کیفیت ارائه مراقبتها میباشد. گزارش دهی خطاها برای پیشگیری و یادگیری از خطاها ضروری است. هدف این مطالعه، شناسایی موانع گزارش دهی خطاها در جهت رفع موانع و بهبود و تشویق گزارش دهی در کارکنان بالینی بود. مواد و روشها: در این مطالعه مقطعی، 419 نفر از کارکنان بالینی بیمارستانهای آموزشی منتخب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید بهشتی به روش نمونه گیری چند مرحلهای انتخاب شدند. ابزار جمع آوری داده ها، پرسشنامه محقق ساخته 29 موردی موانع گزارش دهی خطا بود که روایی و پایایی آن مورد تایید قرار گرفت. دادهها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS20 و آزمونهای آماری تجزیه و تحلیل شد. در کلیه مراحل انجام پژوهش، موازین اخلاقی نظیر محرمانه ماندن نام کارکنان بالینی، مراعات گردید . یافته ها: میانگین کل موانع گزارش دهی خطا 3/13از 5 بود که در سطح متوسطی قرار داشت. ترس از پیامدهای گزارش دهی با میانگین 3/37و نگرش کارکنان با میانگین 2/70بعنوان مهمترین و کم اهمیت ترین موانع گزارش دهی خطا شناسایی شدند. موانع گزارش دهی با سطح تحصیلات و شیفت کاری رابطه معناداری داشت p

Introduction: Management development assessment helps managers to systematically assess the current management capabilities of their organization and take critical steps to strengthen the management skills and sustainability of their organizations. This study aimed to identify and compare the health system management development assessment models in selected international organizations and countries. Methods: In this cross– sectional comparative study, management development assessment models developed and implemented by management sciences for health (MSH), international development research center (IDRC), United States, England and Iran were studied using library resources, websites and email communication with experts from Iran and other countries during 2005-2006. After systematic review of the models, seven major characteristics of them selected for comparative study. Data collected using comparative tables derived from systematic review. The tables were validated by management experts from Tehran universities. Then, the characteristics of the models were compared and analyzed. Results: Studied models had common main objectives but there were differences between them in terms of structure, management areas being assessed, management indicators and use of results. All of these models emphasized employee involvement in management development assessment process in order to be effective in improving the management capabilities of the organization. Conclusion: In all these models management development assessment is considered as the first step in change process and improvement the management systems. Considering that the efficiency and effectiveness of health care system directly influenced by managment capacity of health system, recommendations for management development of Iran health system are presented based on the experiences of international organization, particulary the world healyh organization. Keywords: Organization and Administration; Assessment; Development.