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Toxoplasma gondii, a ubiquitous zoonotic parasite infecting warm-blooded animals, poses a significant health threat to workers with occupational animal exposure (WOEA) due to their frequent contact with potential reservoirs. Existing data on T. gondii seroprevalence in the WOEA exhibits substantial global variation. This systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, aimed to quantify the global seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among WOEA over the past five decades (1972–2023). We identified 66 eligible studies through a comprehensive search strategy encompassing English publications, with a total sample size of 15,279. A random-effects model with the Freeman-Tukey transformation in STATA v16.0 accounted for the high heterogeneity observed. We estimated the pooled global seroprevalence of T. gondii infection in WOEA at 41% (95% CI: 36–47%). Subgroup analyses revealed significant variations by gender: males (63%) vs. females (37%) (p

Abstract Background Hepatitis C infection is a common cause of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. This study aims to determine the clustering of HCV infection among family members of HCV-positive patients (index cases) and the association between internal and external risk factors and HCV infection among these family members. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted during a period from January to June 2024. One hundred and seventeen family members belonging to 26 index cases were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were collected from all family members, and then sera were separated and tested for anti-HCV antibodies by using a commercially available Cobas technique based on ECLIA. Results Among 117 family members, the majority 55.6% were females. The clustering of HCV infection among family members was 7.7%. The highest rates were 9.6% among males and 11.8% among members who were in close contact with female-positive cases, 12.8% in the age group 20–29 years, and 27.3% among brothers, but there were no HCV-positive cases detected among fathers, daughters, and husbands. There was a significant association between HCV infection and some behaviors of family members such as sharing the same sleeping places, nail clippers, and towels with index cases and exposure to cupping (p = 0.0001, 0.002, 0.017, and 0.050), respectively. Conclusion The HCV infection among family members in Aden, Yemen, was low in comparison with most studies globally. The highest rates were found among males, those in contact with female index cases, in the age group 20–29 years, and brothers as relatives, but there were no positive cases among fathers, husbands, daughters, and other relatives.

Abstract Introduction Depression disorders are one of the most widespread mental disorders among college students. In university students, depression has been associated with lower academic performance, worse work performance, and increased dropout risk. his study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and highlight risk factors among Saudi international university students (IUS) in the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), and Australia. Subject and methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi students who chose to study abroad. A self-administered online questionnaire was sent to the students using an online survey. The questionnaire includes socio-demographic data (e.g., age, gender, specialty, etc.), medical characteristics, social status, and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8) to assess the student's depression. Results Of the 401 students, 52.4% were younger (age 18 – 25 years), and more than half were males (53.9%). Most of the participants were studying in the US (46.6%), followed by the UK (40.6%) and Australia (12.7%). The rate of major depression among Saudi students studying abroad was 40.4%. In univariate analysis, major depression was influenced by age, marital status, specialty, personal and family history of mental illness, contact with family and friends, and feeling like a stranger. However, after conducting multivariate regression analysis, previous diagnoses of mental illness and feeling a stranger were identified as the significant independent risk factors for major depression. Conclusion This study provides insights into the prevalence and risk factors associated with depression among Saudi IUS. The prevalence of major depression among Saudi IUS was 40.4%. Previous history of mental illness and feeling like strangers were identified as the most prominent risk factors in this study. Identifying the prevalence and contributing factors of depression can guide academic institutions and governments in the development of effective interventions and support for IUS’s mental well-being. Future research could diversify the sample and employ longitudinal designs.

Building and construction projects are associated with the country's internal and external conditions, which exposes them to risks throughout their lifespan; hence, the construction industry is one of the industries influencing the country's economy. Therefore, the study aims to identify and evaluate the risks associated with Egyptian building and construction sector conditions. Consequently, this study explained and examined the risk management concept and its emergence in construction projects, along with the five stages of risk management. On the other hand, the study analyzed and demonstrated the concept, characteristics, and significance of the construction industry, its influential role in development plans, the position of that industry in Egypt, and many other factors that hinder this pivotal industry. Therefore, the study investigated many previous studies to identify the most significant risks facing the Egyptian construction sector due to the lack of a fixed database of risks for all projects and classify them according to quality, cost, performance, and schedule. Finally, to assess the significance of these risks and rank them according to the occurrence probability, the hazard size, and the threat degree relative to the Egyptian building and construction industry. A field study was conducted through interviews and a questionnaire based on the Chi-Square test in light of the architectural, urban, and infrastructure projects Egypt is currently undertaking within Vision 2030. Consequently, it will facilitate dealing with, managing, and treating risks and reducing and preventing their consequences as a standardized database.

Abstract Time-based surveys often experience missing data due to several reasons, like non-response or data collection limitations. Imputation methods play an essential role in incorporating these missing values to secure the accuracy and reliability of the survey outcomes. This manuscript proposes some optimal class of memory type imputation methods for imputing missing data in time-based surveys by utilizing exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) statistics. The insights into the optimal conditions for incorporating our proposed methods are provided. A comprehensive examination of the proposed method utilizing simulated and real-life datasets is conducted. Comparative analyses against the existing imputation methods exhibit the superior performance of our methods, particularly in the scenarios characterized by developing trends and dynamic response patterns. The outcomes highlight the effectiveness of utilizing EWMA statistics into memory type imputation methods, displaying their flexibility to changing survey dynamics.

Abstract Background Preoperative anxiety is commonly found in patients who are waiting for surgery and can lead to negative surgical outcomes. Understanding the sources of surgical anxiety allows healthcare providers to identify at-risk patients and implement psychosocial interventions such as counseling, relaxation techniques, and cognitive‒behavioral therapy to minimize anxiety. Few comprehensive psychiatric measures are available to assess preoperative anxiety in Arabic. Objective Our study aimed to translate, adapt, and validate the Surgical Anxiety Questionnaire (SAQ) into the modern standard Arabic language, also known as Fusha al-Asr Arabic. Methods To translate the questionnaire, the research team used the gold standard process of forward translation by two independent translators along with back translation evaluation by four trained medical doctors. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey completed by 208 Arabic speakers (mean age 38 years, 44% women) from four countries. Psychometric analyses, which included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and item response analysis, were performed. Convergent validity tests were performed against the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 2-item Scale (GAD-2), Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-2), Perceived Stress Scale 4 (PSS-4), and Arabic version of the Visual Analog Scale for anxiety (VAS-A). Results The mean SAQ of our sample was 19.38 ± 12.63 (possible range 0–68). The Arabic SAQ translation demonstrated excellent internal consistency, with McDonald’s omega and a Cronbach’s alpha of approximately 0.90. The test-retest reliability was also high, with an intraclass coefficient of 0.94. The SAQ showed strong convergent validity against the GAD-2 (r = 0.94, p 0.90, RMSEA

Abstract Background Dentigerous cysts, deemed of developmental origin, are benign odontogenic cysts characterized by a gradual growth rate. Their occurrence is twice as prevalent in men compared to women. These cysts are recognized as the most frequent developmental cysts affecting the jaws, with a typical manifestation in individuals aged 20 to 40, while infrequently identified in young children. Notably, dentigerous cysts have the potential to attain significant dimensions, resulting in painless enlargement of the jaw and subsequent deformation. Objectives To assess the clinicopathological features and management of ten years of experience with dentigerous cysts. Methods A challenging cases were reported from reviewed records of the patients who were treated by the surgical intervention of various dentigerous cysts throughout the period of ten years, 2012–2022 and only histologically confirmed cases were selected, at Ramadi Teaching Hospital in addition to Rashid, Razi, Zuhur Private Hospitals and private clinics in Iraq. Results 76 patients were included in this clinicopathological research. The highest age group affected was ≤ 18 years (68.4%), 54% were male, the mandible was more affected (63.1%) than the maxilla (36.9%). Marsupialization was applied to 30.3% of the cases, while enucleation was carried out in 69.7%. Conclusions The significance of meticulous examination of radiographs and the consequences associated with undetected and untreated ailments is affirmed by this case study. A comprehensive understanding of oral pathology serves as a valuable resource for dentists, facilitating accurate diagnosis, appropriate referrals, and the provision of anticipatory guidance to patients striving to achieve optimal oral health across various age groups.

Abstract This article aims to suggest an improved estimator for estimation of population median using auxiliary information under simple random sampling. The expression for the bias and mean square error are obtained up to first order approximation. We determine the MLE of the optimal values of the describing scalars. The proficiency of the suggested estimator is evaluated in comparison to the preliminary estimators using the MSE threshold. The suggested estimators are compared numerically to the ones that are currently studied in this study. The performance and novelty of the estimators was evaluated using real data sets and a simulation study. To check the efficiency of estimators empirical and theoretical study has been studied. Based on numerical result it is to be noted that our suggested estimator is more efficient as compared to existing estimators which is considered in this article in terms of least MSE and greater PRE.

AbstractResearch on camel milk and urine (CMUR) has gained significant attention because of its nutritional and medicinal applications. The aim of this study was to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the CMUR from 1947 to 2023. Following PRISMA rules, the Scopus database was used to extract 1338 English-language studies, which were analyzed using Scopus Analytics, Bibliometrix, and VOSviewer. The findings indicated that 7.78% of studies focused on camel urine within the CMUR domain. The analysis showed a steady increase in the number of publications over 77 years (R-squared = 0.8308). The CMUR encompasses a wide range of research disciplines, with particular emphasis on the agricultural and medical fields. Saudi Arabia is the top producer of CMUR, with the Journal of Camel Practice and Research being the most prolific source. King Saud University contributed 103 documents to the CMUR, making it the most prolific institution globally. The co-word analysis identified seven prominent research themes within the CMUR, which can be further categorized into four distinct clusters. Notably, ‘Probiotics’, ‘Anti-inflammatory’, and ‘Diabetes’ emerged as trending subjects. The analysis of the CMUR yielded significant insights into the present research trends, identified gaps in the existing knowledge, and provided valuable recommendations for future investigations.

يهدف هذا البحث دراسة العلاقة بين النظام النحوي والإبداع الشعري عند الشاعر ابن مشرف الأحسائي. ويسلط الضوء على شاعر لم يحظ بالدراسات الكافية، وتبرز كيفية توظيف الشاعر للقواعد النحوية لخدمة المعاني والانسجام الموسيقي في قصائده؛ لاستكشاف كيفية توظيف ابن مشرف للنظام النحوي في شعره بما يتماشى مع الإيقاع الشعري والقافية، وتحليل بعض الظواهر اللغوية التي استخدمها الشاعر لإثراء نصوصه، مع التركيز على التداخل بين النحو والشعر؛ لتحقيق التعبير الأدبي. وتم اختيار نماذج محددة من شعر ابن مشرف. وتم التركيز على أهمية القافية في شعره، وكيفية توظيفها لخدمة الوزن والإيقاع، مع المرونة في استخدام التقديم والتأخير والتركيب النحوي. وأثبتت الدراسة أن ابن مشرف شاعر ذو براعة لغوية استثنائية، إذ يستخدم النحو العربي بشكل مرن يتناسب مع متطلبات النص الشعري. وأكدت الدراسة أن الظواهر النحوية في شعر ابن مشرف لم تكن أخطاء أو تجاوزات، بل كانت ضرورة شعرية مقصودة تهدف لتحقيق دلالات محددة، سواء أكانت موسيقية أم نصية. وأظهرت الدراسة أن الشاعر لم يلتزم دائما بالقاعدة النحوية، ولكنه استخدم تلك الخروقات بمهارة لتحقيق أهداف موسيقية أو معنوية.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) and sex hormone profile disturbances are common in ESRD patients. Objective: To assess the effect of kidney transplant (KT) and Hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis (HD/PD) on the serum sex hormone profile and sexual functions in ESRD patients with ED. Patients and methods: A single-center, nonconcurrent cohort study included a hundred ESRD patients with ED, on regular HD/PD (group A, n = 50) and after KT (group B, n = 50) at Armed Forces Hospitals Southern Region, KSA. Results: the mean age of patients was 47.3 ± 7.01 and 56.8 ± 9.6 years in groups A and B, respectively. The cohorts were comparable regarding patient demographics, apart from a higher incidence of comorbidities in group B. After KT the mean testosterone level was higher in Group B (13.64 ± 3.21 nmol/L vs 10.26 ± 3.26 nmol/L, p < 0.001). Similarly, LH and prolactin levels were lower in group B than in group A (p < 0.05). As regards sexual function, ED was reported in 92% of patients in group A compared to 42% in group B (p < 0.001). In groups A and B, mild ED was found in 48% and 14% of patients, while moderate ED was found in 16% and 8%, respectively. The mean total IIEF-15 score was 36.42 ± 9.33 and 43.87 ± 9.146 in groups A and B, respectively (p = 0.0001). Sexual desire and orgasm were significantly better in Group B. Conclusions: Our study showed that kidney transplantation could improve erectile function and restore normal sex hormone levels in ESRD male patients with ED, with better outcomes compared to HD/PD.

Feature selection is a major challenge in data mining which involves complex searching procedure to acquire relevant feature subset. The effectiveness of classification approaches is greatly susceptible to data dimensionality. The Higher dimensionality intricate numerous problems like higher computational costs and over fitting problem. The essential key factor to mitigate the problem is feature selection. The main motive is to minimize the number of features through eliminating noisy, insignificant, and redundant features from the original data. The Metaheuristic algorithm attains excellent performance for solving this kind of problems. In this paper, the grading based binary salp swarm optimization has been proposed to solve various complex problems with lesser computational time. The grading system has been used to maintain the balance among exploitation and exploration. The proposed method is examined using ten benchmark real datasets. The comparative result exhibits the promising performance of our proposed method and surpasses with other optimization interms of investigating evaluation measures.

Background: Chest X-rays are routinely requested for almost all preoperative patients in our local hospitals, regardless of their medical history, clinical examination, or clear indications. This practice is often justified by the belief that it can help stratify risk, guide anesthetic choices, or influence postoperative management. However, this high demand for chest X-rays places an excessive burden on healthcare system resources, increases exposure to ionizing radiation, and elevates the risk of false-positive findings.Objective: it is to assess the prevalence of incidental findings on preoperative chest X-rays in our city and their impact on surgical decision-making.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 260 patients admitted for elective non-cardiopulmonary surgery who underwent preoperative chest X-rays. We systematically analyzed each chest X-ray for abnormalities and classified them as either normal or abnormal. We also determined the consequences of these findings on the intended surgery (proceed to surgery, specialist referral before surgery without postponing the operation, or postponing the surgery).Results: Out of the total chest X-rays included in the study, 229 (88.1%) were reported as normal, and only 31 (11.9%) showed abnormalities. When assessing the impact on the decision to proceed with surgery, 257 (98.8%) of the patients underwent surgery without delay. For those with abnormal chest X-rays, they received specialist consultations without postponing their intended surgery. Only 3 patients (1.2%) experienced delayed surgery, and none of them had significant lung field abnormalities on their chest X-rays. The delays were attributed to other reasons.Conclusion: The use of chest X-rays should be justified on a case-by-case basis and limited to indicated patients based on thorough medical history and clinical examination, in alignment with published international guidelines. This approach will increase the efficacy of the healthcare system, reduce unnecessary costs, and ultimately enhance the safety and benefit for the patient.

We describe our findings in a child with a vein of Galen malformation, in whom the right superior caval and the azygos veins drained into the roof of the morphologically left atrium. A persistent left superior caval vein drained into the morphologically right atrium through the coronary sinus. The additional presence of dual brachiocephalic veins permitted the deployment of a multifunctional ventricular septal defect occluder device to occlude the right superior caval vein, correcting the right-to-left shunt. This also prevented azygos venous drainage into the left atrium.

Introduction Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of key therapies in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are often presented and available as abstracts for significant periods of time prior to full publication, often being employed to make strategic and clinical prescribing decisions. We compared the concordance of prepublication abstract-only reports and their respective full-text manuscripts.Methods Pairs of full-text manuscripts and their respective prepublication abstract-only reports for the same RCT outcomes, at the same time point of analysis were included. The RCTs were on treatments for IBD with full-text manuscripts published between 2010 and 2023.Results We found 77 pairs of full-text manuscripts and their prepublication abstract-only reports. There were significant mismatches in the reporting of stated planned outcomes (65/77 matched, p

Türkiye possesses abundant geothermal resources. It is ranked seventh globally for this particular energy resources and grade among the first 5 in utilizing geothermal and thermal springs for various purposes such as electricity generation, residential cooling and heating, greenhouse operations, desiccating processes, thermal recreation, therapeutic applications, mining, agricultural uses, and aquaculture. The government's endorsement from renewable power sources is fueling growing interest on this particular energy sector. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of geothermal energy in select locations of Türkiye, including an assessment of its potential and various applications. The study seeks to provide a valuable involvement to the future advancements of a geothermal technology on Türkiye.

This article presents a generalized novel iterative technique for obtaining the approximate solution of systems of linear equations(ABBT0)(xy)=(pq). Parameters involved in the scheme play a vital role to obtain the rapid and best approximate solution. The technique is applied to some important problems and the results are presented in detail. The article compares the effectiveness of the new presented iterative scheme with modified SOR-like method, generalized SOR and SOR-like method for solving large systems of linear equations. The convergence criteria for the iterative scheme are also analysed and it can be observed in the article that the theoretical derivation is supported by numerical calculations and graphical exhibition. Overall, the article provides a new and effective method with a detailed analysis of its performance and convergence criteria for solving systems of linear equations of the form presented. The newly derived technique has potential applications in various fields of science and engineering where systems of linear equations arise and need to be solved.

Given the escalating apprehensions regarding climate change and environmental risks, the construction industry is confronted with the crucial task of guaranteeing the enduring structural robustness of buildings. Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged as an innovative tool to tackle these challenges effectively and enhance the performance of building structures processes by developing intelligent and sustainable structures. A comprehensive methodology was utilized to assess the relationships between the BIM factors and their impacts on smart and sustainable structure development by conducting a literature overview, quantitative analysis, exploratory factorial analysis (EFA), structural equation modeling (SEM), and predictive relevance findings. The findings show positive correlations between the implementation of BIM and the elements integral to smart and sustainable structure development. This study investigates the effects of BIM-driven environmental risk assessment, BIM-enabled energy efficiency, environmental performance, climate change adaptation strategies with BIM, and real-time monitoring and maintenance on the effectiveness of smart and sustainable structures development. The BIM-driven environmental risk assessment significantly impacts the sustainable and smart structures development with B = 0.360, followed by the real-time monitoring and maintenance with BIM with 0.316. This study provides the contemporary knowledge base by providing insights into BIM's transformative abilities in shifting sustainable and smart construction practices. The outcomes offer widespread insights to enterprise specialists interested in enhancing task effects and organizing sustainable and environmentally aware built surroundings. The growing popularity of BIM has implications for the future growth of the construction industry in phrases of ecologically smart and sustainable structure development.

Abstract Introduction Emergency pericardiocentesis is a life-saving procedure that is performed to aspirate fluid from the pericardial space in patients who have severe pericardial effusion that is causing hemodynamic compromise. The current gold standard for pericardial fluid aspiration is ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis. Echocardiography with a low-frequency transducer has generally been used in pericardiocentesis, but this method lacks real-time visualization of the needle trajectory, leading to complications. Therefore, we describe a case involving an ultrasound-guided pericardiocentesis method using a novel in-plane technique with a lateral-to-medial approach via the right parasternal and a high-frequency probe. The method was performed for an infant with cardiac tamponade. Case presentation We present a case of a 14-month-old male infant who was brought to the emergency room with a history of cough, shortness of breath, and fever following recurrent chest infections. Despite prior treatments, his condition deteriorated, and signs of cardiac tamponade were evident upon examination. Cardiopulmonary point-of-care ultrasound confirmed the presence of a large pericardial effusion with tamponade. Emergency pericardiocentesis was performed using the novel in-plane technique, resulting in successful fluid aspiration and stabilization of the patient’s condition. Technique description The proposed technique involves positioning a high-frequency ultrasound probe over the right parasternal area to obtain real-time visualization of the needle trajectory and surrounding structures, including the sternum, right internal thoracic vessels, pleural sliding end point, pericardial effusion, and myocardium. The needle is inserted laterally to medially at a 45-degree angle, ensuring safe passage between the pleural sliding endpoint and the right internal thoracic vessels while reaching the pericardial effusion. Conclusion The presented technique provides real-time visualization of the needle and surrounding structures, which may potentially help to avoid complications and improve accuracy. The proposed technique may potentially enable access for emergency pericardiocentesis and for loculated pericardial effusion that has formed around the right atrium. Nevertheless, further studies with large patient populations are needed.

Background: Social stigma is a major problem among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), which can affect their quality of life. There is limited research from Saudi Arabia on the anticipated stigma among patients with MS. Objectives: To determine the levels of anticipated stigma and its predictors in patients with MS in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study included adult patients with MS across Saudi Arabia. Sociodemographic and medical information, including age, gender, marital status, educational level, duration of disease, number of MS episodes in the past 12 months, previous diagnosis of mental illness, and performing activities of daily living without assistance, were collected. Anticipated stigma was measured using an Arabic version of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale. Results: A total of 222 patients with MS were included. Moderate to severe anticipated stigma was found among 70.4% of the patients. The highest anticipated stigma mean score was from work colleagues (2.96/5). Predictors of stigma were age (P = 0.049), gender (P = 0.016), marital status (P = 0.015), education level (P = 0.003), number of MS episodes in the previous year (P < 0.001), and previous diagnosis of a mental disorder (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate the need for developing programs that reduce the anticipated stigma among patients with MS in Saudi Arabia.

Research work on surface water bodies in Morocco has been in majority restricted to physicochemical and biological concentration. Hence, this study was conducted to address the existing research gap by evaluating heavy metal contamination and its associated risk assessment in surface water bodies, in Mohammedia prefecture, Morocco. A total of 22 water samples were evaluated regarding physicochemical factors and heavy metals. The parameters analyzed are pH, temperature (T), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Ammonia (NH+), dissolved oxygen (DO), Sulphate (SO42−), nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−), phosphate (PO43−), total phosphate (TP), total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn). Overall water quality (Ow) and status of contamination presented the water quality and pollution quantitatively. Carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risks were estimated for health risk assessment. Ca2+ was the most abundant cation, and SO43− was the most abundant anion. Heavy metal concentrations were within permissible limits. Ow was good in terms of being suitable for parameters, i.e., 2.5. Pollution index (PI) indicated high pollution (14–74) at S3, S4, S5, and S6 sample points. In addition, Pb was a significant contributor to deteriorating water quality, with individual contributions ranging from 1 to 12 at sites S1, S2, and S3. For heavy metal hazards, i.e., adverse health effects, Hazard Quotient (HQ) (0.0002–0.01) was

This report describes the case of a 62-year-old male patient in Saudi Arabia who developed a diverticular pouch in his oral cavity. Diverticula are rare conditions that appear as protrusions or pouches within the digestive tract’s inner lining. The condition can occur in different parts of the digestive system, but the colon is the most affected part. As part of the patient’s symptoms, he presented with dysphagia, weight loss, and globus sensations. Multiple diagnostic tests, including ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), did not identify the diverticula. Barium and upper gastrointestinal studies were the diagnostic tests that provided accurate diagnoses where several diverticula were discovered during the videofluoroscopic swallow study (VFSS) and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). Surgical intervention was recommended by the multidisciplinary team; however, the patient rejected this treatment option. This report highlights the necessity for instrumental swallowing diagnostic evaluation in the workup of the infrequent etiologies of dysphagia and suggests a gap in the current knowledge, prompting further studies on the etiology, incidence, and optimum management of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract diverticular disease.

تم في هذا البحث تقديم خصائص جديدة لتوسيع لتوزيع معكوس ويبل وهو من التوزيعات المستمرة وذلك عن طريق تركيب توزيع معكوس ويبل Inverse Weibull Distribution مع عائلة مارشال اولكين ويبل The Marshal Olkin Weibull H- Family للحصول على التوزيع الجديد ويطلق عليه توزيع مارشال اولكين ويبل معكوس ويبل Marshal Olkin Weibull Inverse Weibull Distribution ونرمز له بالرمز (MOWIW). وكذلك نقوم بدراسة بعض الخصائص الإحصائية والدوال مثل، دالة (البقاء)، ودالة (الخطر)، الإحصاءات المرتبة، ريني انتروبي، ثم بعد ذلك يتم عرض بعض الرسوم البيانية لبعض للدوال مثال ذلك (التوزيع التراكمي والكثافة الاحتمالية والبقاء والخطر) وكذلك باستخدام طريقة الأماكن الأعظم MLE يتمَّ تقدير المعالم المجهولة للتوزيع الجديد. وقد تم استخدام المحاكاة والتي هي من التقنيات الرقمية التي يمكن اجراء التجارب من خلال الكومبيوتر بحيث تتضمن هذه التقنية عدد من النماذج الرياضية وإن هذه النماذج الرياضية تصف سلوك أو نظام عمل معقد بفترة زمنية محددة أو معينة، لغرض الحصول على توزيعات تتميز بمرونة عالية. ويمكن وصفها بشكل آخر بأن عملية المحاكاة هي تقليد للواقع الحقيقي من خلال وصف الواقع بنماذج معينة بحيث إن هذه النماذج تكون مشابهة للواقع لتحقيق فهم أكبر قدر ممكن لهذا الواقع الحقيقي. وإن من أهم ما تتميز بها المحاكاة وهي تكرار التجربة لعدة مرات وبحجوم عينات مختلفة عن طريق تغيير المدخلات وإن هذه العينات التي يتمَّ توليدها تكون مستقلة.

Summary:. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease that occurs due to gluten intolerance. The prevalence of breast cancer among celiac disease patients is the same as in the general population. It is of note that breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Following mastectomy, these patients visit plastic surgeons for breast reconstruction. Based on various factors, autologous reconstruction using abdominal-based flaps is the best option. Patients with celiac disease have a high incidence of thromboembolic disorders, which may prevent plastic surgeons from doing breast reconstruction with free flaps. We present a case of a patient with celiac disease who underwent a free flap for breast reconstruction with an uneventful course after using our routine postoperative protocol. This case report highlights that patients with celiac disease cannot be denied the option of breast reconstruction with free flaps.

The study aims to identify the effect of the CEO and audit committee characteristics on financial performance. To achieve the study's goal, panel data was adopted for 43 private Iraqi banks from 2018 to 2022 with 215 observations. The data was analyzed using Stata. Three models were used to analyze the data, and the preferred model was chosen by following several confirmation steps. The findings indicated that CEO education, CEO ownership, and CEO experience all influenced financial success. The audit committee's characteristics also played an essential role in the link between the characteristics of the CEO and financial performance. This study is added to critical studies for regulatory authorities and decision-makers, especially since shareholders and decision-makers always seek to appoint CEOs with the capabilities and talents to enable them to achieve shareholders' goals and enhance banks' competitiveness in different environments.

Recently, several memory-type mean estimators (including ratio, product, and logarithmic) have been developed. These estimators rely on exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), which incorporate both historical and present sample data. In this article, we propose EWMA type calibrated estimators under single and double stratified random sampling (StRS). Because calibration method enhances the estimates by modifying the stratification weight, taking advantage of supplementary information. To evaluate the performance of estimators, various real-world time-scaled data sets pertaining to stock market and weather are taken into account. Additionally, we also conduct a simulation study using a bivariate symmetric data set. The numerical results show the superiority of proposed estimators (y¯TM,y¯TaM) over the adapted ones (y¯PM,y¯PaM).

Implementing Internet of things (IoT) technology in the context of intelligent buildings and infrastructure development has garnered significant attention within the construction sector. Nonetheless, the implementation of IoT could be improved by assessing various barriers. The purpose of this study was to examine the obstacles related to the adaptation of IoT techniques within the construction sector, as well as the effects on the advancement of intelligent building and infrastructure systems. The study employed a mixed-method approach involving exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to determine six types of barriers: knowledge, technical, standardization, creativity, complexity, and economics. The study revealed that the implementation of IoT for developing smart construction and infrastructure in the construction sector was significantly influenced by all six constructs. The results of this study offer significant ramifications for the field. The study underscores the necessity for heightened consciousness and instruction regarding the advantages of implementing IoT. The study posits that the technical barriers, including interoperability, modernization of legacy infrastructure, and coordination and collaboration difficulties, require attention from the industry. The study highlights the significance of establishing industry-wide standards and protocols for implementing IoT and regulatory and legal frameworks. Finally, the study underscores the necessity for augmented funding and financing options for IoT endeavors. Subsequent study endeavors may expand upon the present findings by delving into the barriers encountered by alternative sectors and nations and assessing the efficacy of the suggested measures in this investigation.

Drawing inspiration from recent advancements in robust mean estimation within finite sampling theory, we introduce a novel dual-type class of mean estimators in a design-based framework. The dual-type class is based on quantile regression and is specifically designed to be effective in the presence of extreme observations. Significantly, it integrates the averages of both sampled observations and non-sampled observations of auxiliary variable. In the initial discussion of this class, it is presumed that the target variable is non-sensitive, signifying its relevance to subjects that respondents do not consider embarrassing when queried directly. In this standard setting, we present specific estimators within the class and determine their theoretical properties. The class's scope broadens to include scenarios where the target variable incorporates sensitive topics, giving rise to nonresponse rates and inaccurate reporting. To alleviate these errors, one can promote respondent cooperation by employing scrambled response methods that obscure the actual value of the sensitive variable. Accordingly, the article delves into discussions on additive methods. Subsequently, a numerical study is conducted using asymmetric data to evaluate the effectiveness of the dual-type class by comparing it with several existing estimators, both in the absence and presence of scrambled responses.

Objectives The aim of this study is a descriptive presentation of cases of acute watery diarrhoea (AWD) that were presented to Aleppo University Hospital (AUH) during the recent cholera outbreak in Syria.Design Prospective, observational, cohort study.Setting and participants A total of 1061 patients with AWD were admitted to AUH during the timeframe of 20 September 2022 to 20 October 2022. The data collection was done through a structured questionnaire. This includes comprehensive clinical observation, laboratory analyses, therapeutic interventions and holistic case evaluations.Results The analysis has revealed notable insights: a predominant proportion of patients (58.6%) were residents from urban areas and 40.3% were residents from rural areas. Intriguingly, a diverse range of potential infection sources emerged from patient data within our hospital, including uncontrolled well water, vegetables and faecal-oral transmission through contaminated street/fast food. At discharge, most patients were in good health (79.7%), followed by moderate health (17.6%) and poor health (2.3%), with a minimal percentage dying before discharge (0.4%). The most common complications reported at admission and during hospitalisation included electrolyte imbalance (28.2%), followed by severe dehydration (16.3%). In the follow-up period, the majority of patients exhibited good health (81.0%). Older patients (>60 years) had poorer outcomes, with 8.4% having poor health and 4.2% death rate.Conclusions The study found results consistent with previous AWD outbreaks in developing countries like Yemen, Nigeria and Lebanon. Preventative measures like improving water sanitation and hygiene practices are essential to prevent future outbreaks and ease the strain on healthcare systems. Therefore, future studies must investigate the risk factors that increase the spread and the severity of the disease and investigate the best management method.

The present work gives generalized form of the class of estimators if unit non-response is acquired in small domains. We have obtained indirect method like synthetic. It has provided specific instances where the proposed estimators are unbiased. It has also given a generalized form of the synthetic estimators. The four estimators were investigated with coefficient of variation and kurtosis constants. Because, these are obtained from the available variable. We conducted atheoretical comparison between traditional and proposed calibration estimators for estimating the domain totals. It found that the proposed estimators are more efficient than traditional estimators for investigate small domains.

This study discusses the synthesis and use of a new library of spirooxindole-benzimidazole compounds as inhibitors of the signal transducer and activator of p53, a protein involved in regulating cell growth and cancer prevention. The text includes the scientific details of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction between azomethine ylide 7a and ethylene 3a within the framework of Molecular Electron Density Theory. The mechanism of the 32CA reaction proceeds through a two-stage one-step process, with emphasis on the highly asynchronous transition state structure. The anti-cancer properties of the synthesized compounds, particularly 6a and 6d, were evaluated. The inhibitory effects of these compounds on the growth of tumor cells (MDA-MB 231 and PC-3) were quantified using IC50 values. This study highlights activation of the p53 pathway by compounds 6a and 6d, leading to upregulation of p53 expression and downregulation of cyclin D and NF-κB in treated cells. Additionally, we explored the binding affinity of spirooxindole analogs, particularly compound 6d, to MDM2, a protein involved in regulation of p53. The binding mode and position of compound 6d were compared with those of a co-crystallized standard ligand, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for further preclinical research.

Survey sampling has wide range of applications in social and scientific investigation to draw inference about the unknown parameter of interest. In complex surveys, the sample information about the study variable cannot be expressed by a precise number under uncertain environment due fuzziness and indeterminacy. Therefore, this information is expressed by neutrosophic numbers rather than the classical numbers. The neutrosophic statistics, which is generalization of classical statistics, deals with the neutrosophic data that has some degree of indeterminacy and fuzziness. In this study, we investigate the compromise optimum allocation problem for estimating the population means of the neutrosophic study variables in a multi-character stratified random sampling under uncertain per unit measurement cost. We proposed the intuitionistic fuzzy cost function, modeling the fuzzy uncertainty in stratum per unit measurement cost. The compromise optimum allocation problem is formulated as a multi-objective intuitionistic fuzzy optimization problem. The solution methodology is suggested using neutrosophic fuzzy programming and intuitionistic fuzzy programming approaches. A numerical study includes the means estimation of atmospheric variables is presented to explore the real-life application, explain the mathematical formulation, and efficiency comparison with some existing methods. The results show that the suggested methods produce more precise estimates with less utilization of survey resources as compared to some existing methods. The Python is used for statistical analysis, graphical designing and numerical optimization problems are solved using GAMS.

This study delves into the complex interplay of environmental accounting, sustainable production, and financial performance within the textile industry in Bangladesh. The background highlights the growing importance of sustainable practices in the business landscape and the need for empirical insights in the context of textile companies. The purpose of the study is to uncover the impact of environmental accounting practices, such as environmental cost accounting, carbon accounting, and sustainability reporting, on financial performance. Employing a comprehensive methodology that combines Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), and Necessity Condition Analysis (NCA), the research provides a nuanced understanding of the intricate relationships among these variables. The results reveal that environmental accounting positively influences financial outcomes, and sustainable production acts as both a direct enhancer of financial performance and a mediator in the relationship between environmental accounting initiatives and financial success. Practical and managerial implications emphasize the strategic integration of environmental accounting practices, prioritization of sustainable production, and the role of transparency in sustainability reporting for long-term financial success. Thus, the study offers a roadmap for businesses navigating the intersection of sustainability and financial performance, contributing valuable insights for both academia and industry practitioners.

SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome, possesses the capability to induce respiratory illness, which leads to thrombotic diseases. One of the potential biomarkers associated with the poor prognosis in COVID-19 is the rise of D-dimer. However, the potential of plasma's D-dimer to predict gender disparities in disease severity remains undetermined in Erbil-Iraq. This study aimed to evaluate the gender-based difference of the D-dimer in mild males and females of COVID-19 patients; their correlation with age was also within the scope of this study. Retrospectively analyzed laboratory and clinical data of mild COVID-19 cases confirmed at Bio Lab in Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. An immunofluorescence assay was used to measure the amount of D-dimer in 1174 patients. The results were given in fibrinogen equivalent units (µg/ml). Out of 1174, 591 (50.34%) were male. Their mean age was (52.23 ± 0.657); while 583 (49.66%) were female, their mean age was (51.11 ± 0.722). The mean D-dimer among male patients was 1.163 μg/ml (±0.175 μg/ml), whereas the level of D-dimer in female patients was equal to 1.172 μg/ml (±0.147 μg/ml). The study finds a correlation between age and D-dimer. In conclusion, there is no significant difference in D-dimer value between the male and female COVID-19 groups.

The study aims to investigate the corporate dividend policy decisions in emerging countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our sample consists of 5,869 publicly listed firms from 29 emerging countries to explicate the observed trends in dividend policy during the pandemic. Logistic regressions are used to investigate the main factors that drive the propensity to change dividend payouts. Our analysis reveals that most firms opted to either increase or decrease their dividends, with a minority proportion deciding to maintain dividends. Notably, our findings demonstrate that firm profitability is the main driver of all types of dividend changes, except when firms opt to maintain or decrease dividends. Moreover, we find that when firms reduce dividends by over 70%, profitability emerges as a crucial determinant, thus bolstering the signaling hypothesis. The results are robust to sample size sensitivity and different levels of dividend changes. The findings of the study might have practical implications for corporate managers and policymakers in designing dividend decisions and policies under uncertain conditions. This research underscores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on corporate dividend policy in emerging countries and emphasizes the need to consider the level of dividend changes in exploring the dividend puzzle.

Background: The adverse effects of cytotoxic medications like methotrexate, particularly reproductive damage reported in the numerous experimental studies, limit their effectiveness as anticancer therapies. The current study's objectives were to identify potential histological and immune-histochemical unfavorable changes in the testicles due to methotrexate medication and to assess any possible protective effects of erythropoietin (EPO). Methods and Results: The study included 60 mature male albino rats weighing 200-250g. The animals were divided equally into three groups, each with 20 rats. In Group 1, the control group, the animals received intraperitoneal injections of normal saline twice a week for nine weeks at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. For nine weeks, animals in Group 2 received intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate hydrate at 0.5 mg/kg twice a week. Animals in Group 3 received subcutaneous injections of 100 IU/kg recombinant human EPO once a week for nine weeks and intraperitoneal injections of methotrexate hydrate at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg twice a week for nine weeks. Each rat was weighed every week throughout the examinations. An ELISA technique was used to measure the levels of testosterone, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and ROS in blood serum. Morphological and histopathological changes in testicular tissue were assessed. The body weight in the rats treated with methotrexate was considerably lower than in control group rats. EPO showed clear androgenic and antioxidant activities and reduced the adverse effects of methotrexate on testicular histology. Our results suggest further research into the use of EPO as a drug to protect patients from the adverse effects of methotrexate.

Despite its high risk of leading to permanent visual dysfunction, glaucoma remains underdiagnosed in primary care settings. About 11% of glaucoma patients in Saudi Arabia end up with bilateral blindness. This scoping review investigates and presents results on the glaucoma profile, including its prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice of Saudi Arabians towards the disease. An online search using four databases through online software (www.rayyan.ai) was performed to extract the relevant articles. Out of 76 records, 21 articles were eligible for the analysis. All included studies were published between the years 2014 and 2022. Most studies were in Riyadh city, followed by Jeddah. All participants (n=11 388) were adults >18 years old, and male participants were generally higher than females. The findings showed poor knowledge of glaucoma among the general population, while the knowledge among glaucoma patients was acceptable. The attitude was positive, while the compliance and practice were fair. More educational programs about glaucoma, its risk to the eyes, and the overall quality of life are highly recommended.

AbstractCamel brucellosis is a major public health concern in Sudan; however, there is no overall estimation of the prevalence of camel brucellosis in Sudan. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, this study aimed to perform a meta-analysis of 30 eligible studies published before December 31, 2022, with a total of 70059 dromedary camels, to estimate the pooled prevalence of camel brucellosis and its risk factors in Sudan. The random effect model was used for the final analysis due to the significantly high heterogeneity among the included studies, and the results showed that the overall pooled prevalence of camel brucellosis was 17%, with a confidence interval (CI) of 12%–21%. The prevalence was higher in males than females (54% vs. 46%) and in adults than youngling (77% vs. 23%). The prevalence also varied by region, with central and northern Sudan having the highest prevalence (24%), compared to other regions of Sudan. Moreover, the prevalence of camel brucellosis appeared to be decreasing over time. The current study concluded that camel brucellosis infection is still endemic in many areas of Sudan, with the disease being especially prevalent in central and northern Sudan. Thus, this study provides valuable information for the prevention and control of camel brucellosis in Sudan. However, the significant heterogeneity among the included studies should be taken into account when interpreting these results. Finally, to provide adequate information, research must be updated, and more research must be conducted in many regions of Sudan.

A one-pot multi-component reaction was employed for the stereoselective synthesis of a novel set of dispiro-oxindolopyrrolizidines analogs incorporating a thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole scaffold based on the [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction approach. The desired novel dispiro-oxindolopyrrolizidines 9a–d were achieved using the 32CA reaction of new ethylene derivatives based on thiazolo[3,2-a]benzimidazole moiety seven with thiazolidine derivatives eight and different substituted isatin compounds 5a–d (R = H, Cl, NO2, and Br). The final dispiro-oxindolopyrrolizidines cycloadducts were separated, purified, and fully characterized by means of a set of spectroscopic tools including IR, HNMR, CNMR, and MS. The Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) was applied to explain the mechanism and stereoselectivity in the of the key 32CA reaction step. The reactive pseudo(mono)radical electronic structure of the in situ generated azomethine ylides and the high polar character of the corresponding 32CA reactions account for the low computed activation Gibbs free energies and total endo stereoselectivity of this kinetically controlled exergonic reaction. The computed relative Gibbs free activation energies of competitive reaction paths and regioisomers ratio distribution of 80:20 justify the major formation of 9a via the most favorable ortho/endo reaction path.

BACKGROUND: Perinatal fetal mortality and maternal mortality remains relatively high in Saudi Arabia. Antenatal care aims to improve outcomes; however, evidence to demonstrate its impact on outcomes in Saudi Arabia is lacking. OBJECTIVES: Investigate whether booking status for antenatal care impacted outcomes for pregnant women and identify outcomes that predicted booking status. DESIGN: Retrospective observational cohort study. SETTINGS: Tertiary care center PATIENTS AND METHODS: All Saudi women admitted to the labor or delivery units between January 2011 and December 2019 were included. Outcomes were compared between booked and unbooked women, and logistic regression was used to identify outcomes that predicted booking status, adjusted for age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Booked/unbooked status and perinatal mortality of Saudi women. SAMPLE SIZE: 10 781 women; 9546 (88.5%) booked, (11.1%) 1192 unbooked. RESULTS: Unbooked mothers had higher incidences of meconium-stained liquor (P=.040), ruptured uterus (P=.017), and blood loss >1000 mL during cesarean deliveries (P=.003), but a lower episiotomy rate (P

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a hepatocarcinogenic metabolite produced by certain strains of Aspergillus section Flavi, is one of the major contaminants in red chili products that affect human health. This study determined the level of AFB1 in chili traded in Oman. In addition, a survey was conducted among 260 respondents to assess consumers’ knowledge and awareness of aflatoxin contamination in chili. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed on 58 samples of dried red chili pods, red chili flakes, and red chili powder collected from various markets in Oman. The ELISA results showed the presence of AFB1 in all the samples analyzed. None of the dried red chili pod samples exceeded 10 ppb AFB1, the maximum permissible limit adopted by the Oman Legislation for foods, whereas a few red chili flakes and red chili powder samples exceeded 10 ppb. However, AFB1 content in all the samples was below the maximum tolerance limit of 20 ppb set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The survey results revealed that most respondents were unaware of aflatoxins, as education, gender, and social media were found to be significant determinants of aflatoxin awareness. This study provides valuable insights into the level of AFB1 contamination in red chili products, raises the need for aflatoxin awareness in Oman, and urges for safe culinary practices in the region.

Background and Objectives: Endoscopic biliary plastic stenting is a safe and effective temporary therapeutic modality used in various benign biliary disorders. Long-term indwelling stents for more than one year without retrieval are termed “forgotten biliary stents”. In clinical practice, the forgotten stents are underestimated and the majority of data were obtained from case reports. The aim of this study was to determine the forgotten-biliary-plastic-stent-related complications, their management, and the patients’ clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was performed at three hospitals during the period from January 2021 to December 2023. In total, 577 patients with biliary plastic stents—inserted for a variety of benign biliary conditions—were included. They were divided into two groups, as follows: group 1 included 527 patients who had biliary stents removed within 3 months, and group 2 included 50 patients with biliary stents retrieved after one year of their deployment. The stent-related complications (e.g., acute cholangitis, stent clogging, distal stent migration, new common bile duct (CBD) stone formation, and proximal stent migration) and the endoscopic management success rate were evaluated. Results: Irretrievable CBD stones were the main indication for biliary plastic stenting in both groups. The stent-related complications, number of endoscopic sessions, and hospital admissions were significantly higher in the patients with forgotten biliary stents than those with stent removal within 3 months. All the study patients were successfully managed endoscopically with uneventful outcomes. Conclusions: Based on this retrospective study, non-adherence to the endoscopists’ instructions is the main reason for retained biliary stents for more than one year. The patients with forgotten stents had significantly higher complication rates, a higher number of endoscopic sessions, and a higher number of hospital admissions than those with stents that were retrieved in the scheduled time. All patients were managed endoscopically with a technical success rate of 100%, and with no complication-related mortality.

Background: Corticosteroids have been used since the 50s and it represent the most important and frequently used class of anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of several diseases such as numerous neoplastic, asthma, allergy, rheumatoid arthritis, and dermatological disorders. This study aims to determine the public awareness of side effects of systemic steroids in Asir region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional web-based study was used. An online questionnaire was developed by the study researchers based on the literature review and consultations of the field experts. The questionnaire included the following components: Participants demographic data, medical history, and steroids use. Also, it covered participants awareness regarding systemic steroids and side effects. Results: A total of 439 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria completed the study questionnaire. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years with mean age of 26.1 ± 13.9 years old, of those, 227 (51.7%) respondents were males. Around 346 (78.8%) had poor overall awareness level while only 93 (21.2%) had good awareness regarding systematic steroids. The study also showed that awareness was significantly higher among young aged participants in the health care field and among those who previously used steroids. Two hundred and eighty two (64.2%) of the respondents reported previous use of steroids. Conclusion: In conclusion, the current study showed that nearly one out of each five people know about systemic steroids and related side effects which is below the satisfactory level. Higher awareness was observed with regards drug associated side effects and long-term use consequences.

Introduction: Traumatic head injury THI is a Neurosurgical condition in which brain function is interrupted as a result of blunt (motor vehicle accidents MVA, falls, and assaults) or penetrating trauma. Nearly half of all injuries are caused by head trauma. Head traumas are a leading cause of death and organ loss in young people, where this population accounts for the vast majority of TBI patients. Methodology: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Asir Central Hospital, KSA with data from 2015 to 2019. Records of bacterial cultures and outcomes such as length of stay in the hospital were analyzed. In addition, treatment outcomes were also analyzed. Results: A total of 300 ICU patient samples (69 patients) were included. Patients’ ages ranged from 13 to 87 years with a mean age of 32.4 ± 17.5 years old. The most frequently reported diagnosis was RTA (71 %), followed by SDH (11.6 %), The most isolated organisms from the recovered samples were Klebsiella pneumoniae (27 %), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.7 %). Regarding susceptibility, Tigecycline was the most sensitive (44 %), followed by Gentamicin (43.3 %). A total of 36 (52.2 %) patients stayed for less than one month, 24 (34.8 %) stayed for 1–3 months, and 7 (10.1 %) stayed for 3–6 months. The mortality rate in our study population was (40.6 %) as 28 patients died. Conclusion: The prevalence of pathogens in TBI needs to be determined in different institutions for the establishment of effective empiric antibiotic treatment following infections in traumatic brain injuries. This will ultimately help to improve treatment outcomes. In neurosurgical patients undergoing cranial procedures after trauma, a hospital-standardized antibiotic policy is effective in achieving low rates of bacterial infections especially MDR infections.

Nature embraces enormous resources for biomimicry yet faces many challenges, including embodying and simulating environmental systems and processes into technical systems within the built environment. Also, imitation and mimicry strategies focus on separate parts rather than a complete system as an organism as a single unit in its environment. Therefore, the research aims to reduce the harmful effects of buildings and preserve biodiversity and energy through a systematic design technique for biomimicry to identify appropriate adaptation mechanisms from nature and inspire their functions, processes, and forms to integrate architecture and biology. Accordingly, the study addressed biomimicry through its entrances, classes, and levels depending on the desired result. The problems encountering biomimicry application and its adaptation mechanisms; were explained. Then, the information and characteristics required from nature were classified according to three biomimicry classes to implement environmental concepts and treatments. Likewise, the study compared the biomimicry strategies to choose the most suitable one for the design processes. Thus, it confirmed the correlation between green buildings and biomimicry. Finally, a systematic technique was derived and established to incorporate and collaborate between two approaches for simulating nature to identify the appropriate biological systems for attaining green building, improving design processes, and making decisions.

Estimation of population mean is a determined subject issue in sampling surveys and many efforts have been paid by various researchers to enhance the precision of the estimates by utilizing the correlated auxiliary information. In connection with this, we suggest an improved exponential ratio-cum-ratio estimator using transformed auxiliary variables under ranked set sampling scheme. Theoretical comparison between estimators is made in terms of mean square errors (MSEs), percentage relative efficiencies (PREs), and percentage relative root mean squared error (PRRMSE). The numerical expression for the bias and MSE of the suggested estimator is derived up to first order of approximation. Based on the results of actual data sets and a simulation study, it is found that the suggested estimator perform well as compared to its existing counterparts.

In recent times, there has been a notable increase in the focus on the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. This study aims to fill a notable void in the current body of literature by examining the connections between the implementation of BIM and the factors that influence it. Additionally, it investigates the resulting effects on collaboration, continuous improvement, data management, gradual adoption, standardisation, and the various dimensions of society, economy, politics, and technology. This study examines the impact of BIM adoption within the AEC sector, focusing on its external environment by using a Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) approach. Using a quantitative approach, data was gathered by means of a survey questionnaire that was delivered to a sample of 216 professionals in the AEC business, who were chosen using purposive selection. The results suggest that the deployment of BIM cooperation, continuous improvement, effective data management, gradual acceptance, and standardisation, leading to positive outcomes in several areas such as social, economic, political, and technical. These findings have significant consequences for professionals working in the field.

Cancer represents a global challenge, and the pursuit of developing new cancer treatments that are potent, safe, less prone to drug resistance, and associated with fewer side effects poses a significant challenge in cancer research and drug discovery. Drawing inspiration from pyrrolidinyl-spirooxindole natural products, a novel series of spirooxindoles has been synthesized through a one-pot three-component reaction, involving a [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. The cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) and safety profile against WISH cells of the newly developed library were assessed using the MTT assay. Compounds 5l and 5o exhibited notable cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 3.4 and 4.12 μM, respectively) and MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 8.45 and 4.32 μM, respectively) compared to Erlotinib. Conversely, compounds 5a-f displayed promising cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values range (IC50 = 5.87–18.5 μM) with selective activity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. Compound 5g demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity (IC50 = 2.8 μM) among the tested compounds. Additionally, compounds 5g, 5l, and 5n were found to be safe (non-cytotoxic) against WISH cells with higher IC50 values ranging from 39.33 to 47.2 μM. Compounds 5g, 5l, and 5n underwent testing for their inhibitory effects against EGFR and CDK-2. Remarkably, they demonstrated potent EGFR inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.026, 0.067, and 0.04 μM and inhibition percentages of 92.6%, 89.8%, and 91.2%, respectively, when compared to Erlotinib (IC50 = 0.03 μM, 95.4%). Furthermore, these compounds exhibited potent CDK-2 inhibition, with IC50 values of 0.301, 0.345, and 0.557 μM and inhibition percentages of 91.9%, 89.4%, and 88.7%, respectively, in contrast to Roscovitine (IC50 = 0.556 μM, 92.1%). RT-PCR analysis was performed on both untreated and 5g-treated MCF-7 cells to confirm apoptotic cell death. Treatment with 5g increased the gene expression of pro-apoptotic genes P53, Bax, caspases 3, 8, and 9 with notable fold changes while decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations (100 ns simulation using AMBER22) were conducted to investigate the binding mode of the most potent candidates, namely, 5g, 5l, and 5n, within the active sites of EGFR and CDK-2.

The growing demand for sustainable and energy-efficient buildings, particularly in the context of tall structures, has prompted increased attention to innovative solutions. Despite advancements in Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology, there exists a critical gap in understanding its comprehensive application for achieving net-zero energy consumption in tall buildings, particularly in the Malaysian construction industry. This research addresses this gap by presenting a novel strategy that integrates BIM technology with energy analysis tools for net-zero tall buildings in Malaysia. The aim of the study is to contribute valuable insights to the construction industry, policymakers, and researchers by conducting empirical research, utilizing case studies, validating the proposed framework, advancing sustainable design practices, and supporting the transition towards net-zero energy tall buildings in Malaysia. The methodology involves a three-phase approach, including qualitative analysis, a pilot survey, and a main questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) validates the categorization derived from qualitative interviews, while Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) assesses the convergent and discriminant validity of the measurement model. Hypotheses testing using bootstrapping establishes the significance of correlations between BIM deployment and key factors such as early design integration, enhanced energy efficiency, optimized system integration, predictive performance analysis, and validation of sustainable design. The research findings support the positive associations between BIM deployment and the mentioned factors, providing statistical significance through T-statistics and p-values. The implications of this research extend beyond the Malaysian context, offering valuable insights for architects, engineers, and stakeholders involved in designing and managing sustainable tall buildings. By addressing the identified gaps and leveraging BIM technology effectively, stakeholders can contribute to the construction of net-zero energy structures, aligning with global efforts towards sustainable and energy-efficient building practices.