Search

Predictive maintenance to avoid fatigue and failure enhances the reliability of mechanics, herewith, this paper explores vibrational time-domain data in advancing fault diagnosis of predictive maintenance. This study leveraged a belt-drive system with the properties: operating rotational speeds of 500–2000 RPM, belt pretensions at 70 and 150 N, and three operational cases of healthy, faulty and unbalanced, which leads to 12 studied cases. In this analysis, two one-axis piezoelectric accelerometers were utilized to capture vibration signals near the driver and pulley. Five advanced statistics were calculated during signal processing, namely Variance, Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Zero Crossing Rate (ZCR), Autocorrelation Coefficient, and the signal's Energy. The Taguchi method was used to test the five selected features on the basis of Signal-to-Noise (S/N) ratio. For classifications, an expert system was used based on artificial intelligence where a Random Forest (RF) model was trained on untraditional parameters for optimizing the accuracy. The resulted 0.990 and 0.999, accuracy and AUC, demonstrate the RF model's high dependability. Evidently, the methodology highlights the features potential when progressed into expert systems, which advances predictive maintenance strategies for belt-drive systems.

The aim of this paper is to investigate some types of stability such as generalized Hyers-Ulam- Rassias stability(G-H-U-R-stabile) and the relation with Hyers-Ulam(H-U-stabile) stable and Hyers-Ulam-Rassias stable (H-U-R-stabile) and generalized Hyers-Ulam stable (G-H-U- stable) to obtain which one guarantee to satisfy stability of equations included a nonlinear function some of them contains a delay time of solution and the other contain a vector of different order of derivatives for the solution to n-time and vector of fractional order of integrals with different fractional orders and that was the for using a claculse of fractional calculus to satisfies the issue of this techniques. Moreover, the nonlocal initial values for the proposal equation of nonlinear impulsive higher order differential – fractional integral delay time equations which are adding more interesting for nonlinear analytic object of nonlinear higher order integro – fractional order impulsive classes, and the impulsive difference of the equation has some necessary conditions to prove the results of solution to be stable with certain type has related with other types. The necessary and sufficient conditions which assumed on this nonlinear higher order integro-differential impulsive equation have been achieved the stability with interesting certain estimates obtain through the proving technique. Also the uniqueness of solution has been studied with same conditions was presented for stability and used for that issue a contraction fixed point theorem.

As the demand for energy and raw material is increasing everyday, so the challenge of finding sustainable and environment friendly alternatives are becoming very crucial and challenging for the textile industry. Sustainability is one of the most required characteristics in textile production and consumption. As a result, regenerated cellulose fibers have become very popular for their identical properties to cotton, conforming to the sustainability goals of this sector. Production of regenerated cellulose fiber known as Ecocell the trend of sustainability is getting promoted. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance and dyeing properties of Ecocell in woven fabrics. In order to evaluate the viability, six different fabrics with different construction was weaved and dyed and subjected to several testing. The results indicate that the successful development of Ecocell can be a sustainable and eco-friendly replacement to the imported fibers. By enhancing our country's self-sufficiency in regenerated cellulose fiber production, the textile industry is taking a crucial step towards greater eco-consciousness and sustainability. This study not only contributes to the academic understanding of regenerated cellulose fibers but also holds practical implications for the industry's green transformation.

SMAs can switch from one crystallographic structure to another in response to temperature or stress stimuli. When SMAs are exposed to mechanical cyclic stress, they can absorb and discharge mechanical energy by experiencing a reversible hysteretic shape change. SMAs are widely used for sensing, actuation, impact absorption, and vibration damping. This work studied the effect of CeO2 addition on the transformation temperature and wear resistance of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs. WhereCeO2 was added at different percent’s 0.5, 1, and 3 wt% to the base alloy, followed by casting and homogenization at 900oC. Some tests were carried out: Differential scanning calorimeter, Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron microscopy, Energy dispersion spectrometer, X-Ray Diffraction, and Wear and Hardness tests. OM and SEM tests reveal that both phases of martensite β and γ are found. Also, the additions of CeO2 show a visible effect on phase formation and transformation temperatures. It was observed that increasing of CeO2 particles in Cu-based SMAs owing to improve interfacial bonding between matrix and reinforcement and also observed that the variants become thicker with increasing in percent. Additions of different percentages of cerium oxide increase the hardness of Cu-Al-Ni SMAs. Due to the addition of CeO2 particles, the sample's wear rate decreases compared to pure SMAs.

يهدف هذا البحث عبر فصولهِ إلى اختبار علاقة تأثير الشفافية التنظيمية كمتغير مستقل في الرقابة الإدارية كمتغير مستجيب في هيئة النزاهة الاتحادية أحد الهيئات الرقابية والتحقيقية المهمة في العراق، اذ يتجسد البحث في تشخيص طبيعة هذه العلاقة والتعرف على دور كل منهما، وتم طرح المشكلة البحث الرئيسية (هل استطاعت هيئة النزاهة من استثمار شفافيتها في تحسين رقابتها الادارية؟)، وللإجابة على هذا السؤال تم طرح فرضيتين رئيستين للبحث تحمل كل منها أبعادها، فالفرضية الأولى توجد علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنوية بين الشفافية التنظيمية والرقابة الادارية في هيئة النزاهة، أما الفرضية الثانية يوجد تأثير ذات دلالة معنوية للشفافية التنظيمية في الرقابة الادارية بأبعادها في هيئة النزاهة، وكانت الاجابة عن هذه الفرضيات بوجود علاقة ارتباط ذات دلالة معنوية لكل من الفرضيتين، واستناداً إلى ملاءمة موضوع الدراسة في المؤسسات العامة ذات التوجه الإشرافي، وقيمة المنظمة المدروسة بالنسبة للمجتمع، فقد تم استخدام الأسلوب التحليلي الوصفي في إتمام البحث، وتضمن البحث عينة من قيادات الهيئة، وجمعت البيانات من (83) مستجيبا يمثلون عينة البحث من أصل (100) يمثلون مجتمع البحث، والمتمثل (بالمديرين العامين، معاونو المديرين العامين، رؤساء الأقسام، مسؤولي الشعب) اعتمادا على الاستبانة التي تضمنت (32) فقرة، لقد جمعهم باستخدام المقابلات الشخصية والملاحظات على الأرض لاختبار فرضياتها، استخدمت هذه الدراسة البرنامجين Smart V.3.4 وSPSS V.28، فضلا عن تقنيات الإحصاء الوصفي، أما أبرز النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث فكانت قدرة هيئة النزاهة الاتحادية على توظيف شفافيتها التنظيمية في تحسين رقابتها الإدارية من خلال اعتمادها على تبين استثمار هيئة النزاهة شفافيتها التنظيمية في تحسين رقابتها الإدارية بشكل جيد، لاسيما وأنها اعتمدت الوضوح في الإجراءات والإفصاح عن المعلومات والاتصال بشكل مجتمع في تحسينها، فيما وضعت توجها لتحسين فاعلية رقابتها الإدارية بتوظيف الوضوح في الإجراءات، بينما حقق أهداف الرقابة الإدارية من خلال أبعاد الشفافية التنظيمية الثلاث، فضلاً عن تحسينها وسائل الرقابة الإدارية من خلال تبني الوضوح في الإجراءات والإفصاح عن المعلومات، واخيراً اعتمدت الهيئة على الوضوح في الإجراءات والاتصال لتحسين مستوى أنشطتها الرقابية، وفي نهاية البحث حاول الباحث بالخروج بمجموعة من الاقتراحات التي تساعد على تحسين الرقابة الإدارية للهيئة المدروسة، منها ضرورة اهتمام هيئة النزاهة بوضوح اجراءاتها وبما يسهم في تعزيز شفافيتها بتوضيح اجراءات العمل واعتماد اساليب توضيح تكسب مهامها، وكذلك ينبغي على هيئة النزاهة بالإفصاح عن المعلومات بالإفصاح عن المعلومات وبما يحسن من شفافيتها من خلال تبني معايير افصاح تحافظ من خلالها على ميزاتها التنظيمية، واشاعة ثقافة التشارك المعرفي والمعلوماتي.

Previous scholarly investigations have mainly concentrated on examining water intake, particularly within the specific domain of coal mines. Nevertheless, the scholarly discourse lacks significant research on predicting water inflow in environments with complex multi-layer mineral distributions. The Yanlong mining area is a complex mine containing coal and bauxite. Forecasting the water inflow of bauxite deposits is crucial for designing mining drainage and formulating a mining plan in a coal-bearing rock series mining area. The water inflow on the roof and floor of bauxite was studied with various numerical simulation and analytical methods (such as the big well method). The hydrogeological conceptual and numerical model of the mining area was established by the MODFLOW module in Groundwater Modeling System (GMS (7.1)) software, and the measured groundwater level was identified and verified in the model. The results show that the model average values of R2, Ens, and PBIAS are 0.86, 0.81 and 2.71, respectively, indicating that the established numerical simulation model can accurately forecast water inflow into the aquifer. Taking No. XII orebody in the eastern Songshan Mining area as an example, a virtual well group consisting of 12 wells was set up, and the numerical model forecast a water inflow of 71,500 m3/d from the Taiyuan Formation aquifer in the bauxite ore roof, which was lower than the value predicted by the large well method (72,786.66 m3/d). The numerical method predicted an average water inflow of 59,000 m3/d and a maximum water inflow of 82,600 m3/d from the Majiagou Formation in the bauxite ore floor. A dependence has been established that the numerical method estimates water inflow with accuracy. Additionally, the model predicts future mining water inflow, and also provides a standard framework for estimating inflow in similar mining conditions.

Potential landslide identification and monitoring are essential to prevent geological disasters. However, in mountainous areas where the surface gradient changes significantly, the leveling effect is not completely removed, affecting the deformation results. In this paper, the SBAS-InSAR and PS-InSAR time-series processing methods were combined to interfere with the SAR image data of the ascending orbit in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia and its surrounding regions. Based on the obtained surface deformation monitoring results and optical images, landslide hazard identification was successfully carried out within the coverage area of 3130 km2 in Xiji County. The results show that the whole study area presented a relatively stable state, most of the deformation rates were concentrated in the range of 0 mm/a to −10 mm/a, and the deformation in the southwest area was larger. A total of 11 large potential landslides (which were already registered potential danger points of geological disasters) were identified in the study area, including three historical collapses. The landslide identification results were highly consistent with the field survey results after verification. The timing analysis of the typical landslide point of the Jiaowan landslide was further carried out, which showed that the Jiaowan landslide produced new deformation during the monitoring time, but it was still in a basically stable state. It can do a good job in disaster prevention and reduction while strengthening monitoring. The results of this study have a guiding effect on landslide prevention and mitigation in the mountainous areas of southern Ningxia.

تاريخ الاستلام:6/3/2021 تاريخ قبول النشر:4/5/2021 تاريخ النشر:31/12/2021 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. برزت أهمية تحليل ظاهرة نمو وتطور دور متغيرات فواعل غير الدول لقوى الضد المجتمعية المدنية من أجل ضمان السلم الاجتماعي التي باتت تستند إلى معرفة طبيعة وواقع الفعل الحكومي ومتغيرات تلك الظاهرة ، فضلاً عن ضرورة فهم متطلبات عمل تلك المؤسسات المجتمعية المدنية غير الحكومية التي تشارك بفاعلية من أجل تحقيق السلم المجتمعي . لتأتي المحاولات الحثيثة لدراسة وتحليل متغيرات مكونات النظم الدولية والمنتظمات غير الدولية من جميع الجوانب ، كونها باتت هي الأخرى تشكل الركن الرئيسي والأبرز في عملية بناء التماسك الاجتماعي وتعزيز التضامن الدولي والوطني . أما مخرجات الوعي من منطلق الفهم الحقيقي العابر للقوميات فقد بدأت تتضح معالمه شيئاً فشيء من منظورها المجتمعي المدني غير الحكومي على وفق معادلة إجراء ترتيبات سياسية وأمنية تصب في صالح المجتمعات التي عانت ومازالت تعاني من الأزمات والحروب والصراعات ، لتكون قادرة على صياغة قيم مُضافة في مشاريع وبرامج استدامة قضايا السلم المجتمعي ، وبشكل تتجاوز فيها عن مخرجات وأزمات البُنية التقليدية من منظورها النسقي داخلياً وخارجياً ، وصولاً إلى فسح المجال أمام قوى التغيير المنتظمة في مؤسسات مدنية فاعلة تعمل بشكل عابر للقوميات كما أسلفنا من أجل خدمة الإنسانية جميعاً . كما أن الحاجة مازالت ترنوا نحو الاعتماد على مبدأ الاعتمادية الدولية المتبادلة، والشيء نفسه على المستوى الإقليمي لتحاكي واقع تجارب أزمات المجتمعات ومشكلاتها ، لا سيما منذ احداث ما عرف بثورات الربيع العربي عام 2011، للبدء في تمكين وسائل حوارات وتفاهمات جديدة تجري بمساعدة ودعم فواعل القوى المؤثرة من غير الدول على أمل بناء مفهوم السلام الوقائي الضامن لتحقيق السلم المجتمعي ، ومن ثم فهم أبعاد وطبيعة استراتيجيات صناعة السلم المجتمعي .

This study examines the effect of Sn additions on Cu-14%Al-4.5%Ni shape memory alloy. Sn was added in three different percentages (0.3,1,3) %. The alloys were mechanically tested both in compression test and micro hardness test. Also, a thermo-mechanical test was performed on the alloys. Results showed an increase in the transformation temperature outside the domain and also a better recovery strain with the increase of Sn percentage of 3% Sn addition showed the best results in mechanical properties while the 3% Sn showed a better Shape Memory Properties near to super elastic.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate short-term results and efficacy of tricuspid valve annuloplasty by the modified De Vega technique. Study design: A prospective cohort study. Setting:Cardiothoracic Surgery Department in collaboration with general surgery department, Qena University Hospital, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt. Duration: FromOctober 2018 to January 2020. Subjects and Methods:25 patients underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty for functional TR caused by Rt sided dilatation secondary to the left-sided valvular lesion. Informed consent was obtained from all patients in this study. Pts with mild TR, (organic) tricuspid regurgitation or TV endocarditis, and isolated TV lesions were excluded from the study. Result(s):Follow-up echocardiography after 6 months did not show any severe tricuspid regurgitation, but otherwise, most of the patients with mild tricuspid regurge 17 pts (68%) and 8 patients (32%) with moderate regurge, as regard ejection fraction and LV dimensions there were no difference, while there was a significant reduction in LA diameter, pulmonary artery pressure, and RV diameter with p value

This paper proposes a novel passenger car equivalent and capacity estimation methods that determine the effect of deceleration and acceleration performance of heavy goods vehicles on the traffic flow and estimate the capacity to facilitate rescheduling container carriers. The development of the new methods considers the driver's perception of time and braking competency level, and the out of the box vehicle displacement approach. The safety gap between the following and leading vehicle should provide sufficient time and space for the driver to bring the vehicle safely to a standstill, to prevent accidents and facilitate enough space for maneuvering. As a case study, the authors have collected and utilized the automatic traffic counters data and the average annual daily flow data from manual counting for the road connecting the Liverpool containership port with North-West England and the rest of the UK. However, the capacity estimation method is suitable for all urban roads and streets that have controlled intersections in the UK and the USA. The authors have found that the passenger car equivalent method is directly proportional to the vehicle's speed, and gross mass and the capacity method is inversely and directly proportional to perception time and braking competency level, respectively. Also, building an extra lane will allow meeting the ports targets.

The influence of Imam al_Ridha(peace be upon him) on the languages of his era: . 1- Imam Ali bin Musa al_ Ridha(peace be upon him) left excellent effects on a number of languages, especially in the Arabic literature. He had a very lofty sence in poetry, he said poetry once and senced it again, and wrote poetry as well. 2- Prose was not far from the Imam al_ Ridha(peace be upon him), but it was present in most of his sermons and arguments in which he surpassed all his antagonists during arguments. 3- Imam al_Ridha(peace be upon him) left an impact on the speakers of the languages such Roman, Persian, Sindhi, and others, where he spoke to them in these languages, proving to them his high ability and removing doubts about his Imamate after his father Imam al_ Kadhum(peace be upon him). 1- ترك الإمام الرضا(عليه السلام) أثرًا في عدد من اللغات في عصره، فقد ترك أثرًا ممتازًا في اللغة العربية وخصوصًا في الأدب العربي، فقد كانت له ذائقة شعرية جيدة جدًا، فقال الشعر مرة وتذوقه أُخرى ونظمه ثالثةً. 2- لم يكن النثر بعيدًا عن الإمام الرضا(عليه السلام)، بل كان حاضرًا في معظم خطبه ومحاجاته التي تفوق فيها على جميع من ناظره. 3- تَرَكَ الإمام الرضا(عليه السلام) أثرًا في نفوس الناطقين بعدد من اللغات (كالرومية، والفارسية، والسندية، وغيرها) فَتَكَلُّمَه بتلك اللغات أثبت لهم حجيته عليهم، وأزال الشكوك حول إمامته بعد أبيه الكاظم(عليه السلام).

Economic Order and Production Quantity models are the most used stock control models. These simple and useful models are inadequate to respond to the real-life problems as they contain rigid assumptions. Therefore, new models are developed by adding additional assumptions to the assumptions in these models or by loosening existing assumptions. Among the rigid assumptions contained in these models are incoming order does not contain any defective items, delay in payments and backordering (shortages) of the demand are not allowed. Many new models have been developed by loosening these assumptions. In this study, unlike the previous studies, an economic order quantity model is proposed which deals with the fact partial backordering of the demand postponed to meet in the next period, defective items and permissible delay in payments. The study consists of three parts. In the first part, partial shortage and backordering of the demand, the defective item in the incoming order and the permissible delay in payments are explained and the studies in this area are summarized. In the second chapter, a new model of economic order quantity is proposed, which allows partial shortage and backordering of the demand. In this section, obtaining the mathematical model, previous studies are the special case of the proposed model and numerical examples related to the model are given. In the third chapter, the effects of the model parameters on the optimal values are examined by sensitivity analysis. Especially changes of optimal order quantity and total profit are discussed in detail. According to the results of the analysis, it was observed that the backordering rate of demand did not have a significant effect on optimal order quantity and total profit. On the other hand, as the permissible delay time in payments increased and the rate of defective products decreased, the optimal order quantity decreased and the total profit increased

This research aims to study the effect of microwave furnace heat on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of aluminum alloy (AA 2024-T3). Four conditions were used inside microwave furnace (specimens subjected to heat as dry for 30 and 60min. and specimens subjected to heat as wet (water) for 30 and 60 min.), and compared all results with original alloy (AA 2024-T3). Tensile, fatigue, hardness and surface roughness tests were used in this investigation. It is found that hardness of dry conditions is higher than wet conditions and it increases with increasing of time duration inside microwave furnace for dry and wet conditions. Also, tensile strength has the same behavior of hardness, but it increases with decreasing of time. Dry condition for 60 min. shows the higher fatigue strength than other conditions. Surface roughness parameter (Ra) of dry conditions is higher than wet conditions and it decreases with increasing of duration of time.

An intrusion detection system (IDS) is an active research topic and is regarded as one of the important applications of machine learning. An IDS is a classifier that predicts the class of input records associated with certain types of attacks. In this article, we present a review of IDSs from the perspective of machine learning. We present the three main challenges of an IDS, in general, and of an IDS for the Internet of Things (IoT), in particular, namely concept drift, high dimensionality, and computational complexity. Studies on solving each challenge and the direction of ongoing research are addressed. In addition, in this paper, we dedicate a separate section for presenting datasets of an IDS. In particular, three main datasets, namely KDD99, NSL, and Kyoto, are presented. This article concludes that three elements of concept drift, high-dimensional awareness, and computational awareness that are symmetric in their effect and need to be addressed in the neural network (NN)-based model for an IDS in the IoT.

This paper aims to study the effect of thermo mechanical treatment in different temperatures of (260 ,280& 300) ◦C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-14wt%Al-4.5wt%Ni shape memory alloy which prepared by casting method in induction furnace under argon atmosphere. Then thermo –mechanical treatment was performed upon the alloy by applying stress of 190MPa with heating upto 260◦C,280◦C,300◦C, then cooled to room temperature performingstrain recovery measurement. Many tests and inspections such as optical and SEM examinations , DSC Measurement ,XRD inspection , compression and Vickers hardness tests were investigated. The results showed that there is an increase in the transformation temperatures, shape memory limits at 300◦C .It was found that hardness increases and Young modulus decreases Also It was found that the thermo-mechanical treatment at 260 ◦C gave better properties , 2%in recovery strain , increase hardness due to the formation of martensitic phase and austenite phase in structure.

Microwave heating is caused by the ability of the materials to absorb microwave energy and convert it to heat. The aim of this study is to know the difference that will occur when heat treating the high strength aluminum alloys AA7075-T73 in a microwave furnace within different mediums (dry and acidic solution) at different times (30 and 60) minutes, on mechanical properties and fatigue life. The experimental results of microwave furnace heat energy showed that there were variations in the mechanical properties (ultimate stress, yielding stress, fatigue strength, fatigue life and hardness) with the variation in mediums and duration times when compared with samples without treatment. The ultimate stress, yielding stress and fatigue strength decreased for all states compared with standard values. With reference to fatigue life, the results showed that the increment in fatigue life occurred for test states of dry 60 minutes in a microwave furnace, which were only 25%. Moreover, the increment in hardness range was reached for test state of acid in 60 minutes which was about 7.3%, and 5 % for dry in 30 minutes and only 3%.

An investigation of performance response of two types of bearings such as Cylindrical Roller Bearing and bush bearing on evaporative cooler driven by DC motor of 1500 r.p.m, through studying many parameters like vibration response, temperature raise, humidity, sound level and total performance. high quality 3D positions X, Y and Z, vibration sensors type (ADXL335 accelerometers) with Arduino mega 2560 that interfaced with Lab-View program were used to measure changes in vibration amplitude and frequency. Two temperature sensors of type (LM35) were used to investigate the temperature raise in the bearings also with Arduino mega 2560 that interfaced with Lab-View program. For humidity a sensor of type DHT22 was used, also, a portable device was used to measure electricity consumption, rotary speed and sound level in the bearings of evaporative cooler. By replacing bearings all the parameters above wear measured then a comparison between them were made to find the best performance and operation of these bearings. The obtained results from the experimental work have clarified and explained by tables and figures. It has been found that the vibration of evaporative cooler in X, Y and Z-directions increased by using two cylindrical roller bearings than using two of bush bearings. The temperature of cylindrical roller bearings increased When running the evaporative cooler more than bush bearings. the noise of Evaporative Cooler by using both types of Bearings was almost same but with a little Reduce by using cylindrical roller Bearings. Which means the Evaporative Cooler has better Performance by using bush bearings than using cylindrical roller bearings.

This study is concerned with the effect of microwave heat treatment of AA7075-T6 on mechanical properties and fatigue life. Specimens were divided into four groups, firstly, specimens were subjected for 60 min. of microwave heat as a dry, secondly, specimens were subjected for 30 min. of microwave heat as a dry, thirdly, specimens were subjected for 60 min. of microwave heat as a wet, and fourthly, specimens were subjected to 30 min. of microwave heat as a wet condition. Then, it is compared with the original alloy (AA7075-T6). The mechanical tests that are used in this research are tensile, hardness, surface roughness, and fatigue. It is found that the hardness of dry specimens is higher than wet specimens, and hardness of dry condition for 60 min. has higher enhancement (15%) as compared with the original alloy. Hardness is increased with increasing of time inside the microwave. However, the tensile strength of wet conditions has higher than dry conditions; also, tensile strength is increased with decreasing of time inside microwave furnace. Ultimate and yield strength of wet condition for 30 min. have 55% and 99% respectively, enhancement as compared with AA7075-T6. The surface roughness parameter (Ra) of dry conditions has higher than wet conditions and then decreases as decreasing of time inside the microwave furnace. Fatigue strength results showed that decreasing as compared with original alloy.

The research aims to make a comparison between two highly used aluminum alloy though studding the effects left by the microwave furnace wavelengths by (middle dry and amid aqueous solutions) on the mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life of highly resistant widely use aluminum alloy AA 7075-T6 and AA 2024-T3. Since the microwave effect differ from other heating methods through its effects (Heat Transfer) r heating methods effects on the surface of the alloy, which might change some of its properties as well as resistance to fatigue, also to see how this effect changes from alloy to another through this study. The results show some great effects on both mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life for both alloys but with different levels. This new technique is differing from other traditional heat treating ones that is simple, cheap and fast accurate method than the other techniques. There is a common misconception about the use of minerals in microwave ovens and the concept is unscientific and based on false grounds and simplest proof of that is that most of these ovens are built from the inside metal fully, how dangerous this is consistent? This research aims to focus on and remove those problematic and misconceptions.

This research aims to study the effect of microwave furnace heat on the mechanical properties and fatigue life of aluminum alloy (AA 2024-T3). Four conditions were used inside microwave furnace (specimens subjected to heat as dry for 30 and 60min. and specimens subjected to heat as wet (water) for 30 and 60 min.), and compared all results with original alloy (AA 2024-T3). Tensile, fatigue, hardness and surface roughness tests were used in this investigation. It is found that hardness of dry conditions is higher than wet conditions and it increases with increasing of time duration inside microwave furnace for dry and wet conditions. Also, tensile strength has the same behavior of hardness, but it increases with decreasing of time. Dry condition for 60 min. shows the higher fatigue strength than other conditions. Surface roughness parameter (Ra) of dry conditions is higher than wet conditions and it decreases with increasing of duration of time.

An Investigation of estimated Mechanical Properties of AL-Alloys 6061-T6, which is one of the most commonly used in industrial applications, has been established experimentally. A new novel Plasma Peening techniques had been applied to the whole surfaces of the material by CNC-Plasma machine for 48 specimens, and then a new investigation were takeover to figure the amount of change in mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life. It was found that the improvement was showing a nonlinear behavior, according to peening duration time, speed, peening distance, peening number, and amount of effected power on the depth of the material thickness. The major improvement was at medium speed long duration time normal peening distance. Which shows up to 4 times improvements than the other cases. It was found that reducing in elongation of about 25% from references for 1x plasma peening for the most techniques used while a reduction in elongation of 31% for the two time plasma peening, on the other hand increment of 10% in elongation for 2x plasma peening and 5% of the increment for peening with 5kW of plasma power. These results illustrated in both tables and figures. Further study may established for other AL-Alloys to study the effects of plasma peening on it and to find the most effected one of them for the completely nine AL family.

An Investigation of estimated Mechanical Properties of AL-Alloys 2024-T3, which is the most commonly used in industrial applications, been established experimentally. A new novel Plasma Peening techniques had applied for the whole surfaces of the material by CNC-Plasma machine for 48 specimen, and then a new investigation were toke over to figure the amount of change in mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life. It found that improvement was showing a nonlinear behavior according to peening duration time, speed, peening distance, peening number, and amount of effected power on the depth of the material thickness. The major improvement was at medium speed long duration time normal peening distance. Which shows up to 5 times improvements than the others cases. It was found that reducing in elongation of about 32% from references for 1x plasma peening for the most techniques used while a reduction in elongation of 56% for the 2x plasma peening. These results illustrated in both tables and figures. Farther study may established for other AL-Alloys to study the effects of plasma peening on it and to found the most effected one of them for the completely nine AL family.

The study is conducted to perform two goals: The first geal is to produce a lightweight concrete using major components which are locally available with some standard admixtures.Many mixtures are prepared using many ratios of superplasticizer (SP) and silica fume (SF) admixtures to yield a lightweight aggregate concrete, the effects of using different ratios of these admixtures on unit weight, compressive strength and flexural strength are studied individually and accumulatively. The secondis to study the dynamic specifications of normal and lightweight reinforced concrete beams. The results showed that the increasing in dosage of superplasticizer (SP) for (LWAC) increases the density of (LWAC), and the increasing in dosage of silica fume (SF) decreases the density of (LWAC). The experimental impact tests for R.C. beams shows that the lightweight R.C. beams have a better response under impact loading with respect to the maximum dynamic deflection (2.955mm for normal weight beam and 1.58mm for lightweight beam). Also,Impact force transferred to supports reactions of lightweight beams is smaller within 45% than the impact force transferred to reaction of normal weight concrete under the same impact load, and the time to reach 90% damping equal to 1.223 sec and 1.6 sec for lightweight and normalweight R.C. beams respectively. Also, the reinforced concrete beams are tested under repeated impact load up to failure. The tests showed that the no. of blows to cause first crack for lightweight concrete beams more than twice of this for normalweight concrete beams.

A Model of wing section of type (NACA 23015) had been built to be investigated andstudy the aerodynamic characteristics in a subsonic wind tunnel at different angles ofattack in order to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients such as lift, drag, moment andpressure coefficients. The effect of changing the angle of attack on the aerodynamiccoefficients was investigated. Then a virtual model of the wing section and wind tunnelhad been programmed and tested by available standard packages such as the (DesignFoil) Program which uses Panel Method to calculate the aerodynamic coefficients, andthe finite element package (Ansys Ver.9). A comparison was made to the arrived resultswith the experimental data to check the accuracy of the results, and both experimentaland theoretical results were convergent. The percentage of similarity between theexperimental and theoretical was 83% for the Aerodynamic characteristics.

An Investigation of estimated Mechanical Properties of AL-Alloys 2024-T3, which is the most commonly used in industrial applications, been established experimentally. A new novel Plasma Peening techniques had applied for the whole surfaces of the material by CNC-Plasma machine for 48 specimen, and then a new investigation were toke over to figure the amount of change in mechanical properties and estimated fatigue life. It found that improvement was showing a nonlinear behavior according to peening duration time, speed, peening distance, peening number, and amount of effected power on the depth of the material thickness. The major improvement was at medium speed long duration time normal peening distance. Which shows up to 5 times improvements than the others cases. It was found that reducing in elongation of about 32% from references for 1x plasma peening for the most techniques used while a reduction in elongation of 56% for the 2x plasma peening. These results illustrated in both tables and figures. Farther study may established for other AL-Alloys to study the effects of plasma peening on it and to found the most effected one of them for the completely nine AL family.

Adsorption techniques are widely used to remove certain classes of pollutants from waters, especially those that are not easily biodegradable. Dyes represent one of the problematic groups. The removal of methyl green from waste water using bamboo was studied in batch and continuous system. In batch system equilibrium time and adsorption isotherm was studied at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ppm) and 50 mg weight of adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich equations were applied for adsorption isotherm data. Langmiur equation was fitted better than Freundlich equation (R2=0.984 for Langmuir equation).The maximum percentage dye removal obtained 79.4% and adsorption capacity was 15.5 mg/g. For continuous system the breakthrough curve was studied at different bed depths (1, 2 and 4 cm), different concentrations (5 and 10 ppm), and different flow rates (5 and 10 ml/min).