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Food systems in fragile contexts are hardly investigated. We examined the crop value chain activities, agriculture income, coping strategy, and food consumption score (FCS) among South Sudan refugees (n = 394; refugee HH) and Uganda host communities (n = 420; host HH) living on the northern border of Uganda. Secondary data analysis was conducted using baseline data collected from an NGO-supported project. Linear regression analysis was conducted to test the association between the type of crop for growing and selling, agriculture income, coping strategy, and FCS in the refugee HH and host HH, separately. The mean number of growing and selling crops was 2.7 (SD 1.7) and 0.6 (1.0) in the refugee HH and 3.6 (1.4) and 1.3 (1.1) in the host HH. Overall food insecurity and FCS was poor in both refugee and host HH. Larger land access was associated with diverse crop production and crop selling in both groups (p

A novel method to measure the deformation of a urethane-foam object using an X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT) technique was proposed and examined. The proposed method is made up of following two steps. First, X-ray sensitive ‘contrast media’ were drawn in lattice-like manner on top and bottom surfaces and internal planes of urethane-foam, which enabled visualization of the drawn positions in CT images. Second, position data of contrast media were then converted into the numerical values in a prescribed coordinate to measure the deformation. It was found that the contrast media successfully visualized outer and internal displacement with the urethane-foam deformation, and the comprehensive error of measurement was 0.3 mm in root mean square. As a trial for further practical purpose, the deformation of the urethane-foam mattress with a human-body model on it was measured using this method. A urethane-foam mattress with contrast media was prepared, a human trunk model was set on the mattress, and the mattress with the model was subjected to X-ray CT. The deformation state at surface of, and especially inside of, the mattress could be visualized and measured. We concluded that the proposed method could bring us an information on deformation state of the urethane-foam and the urethane-foam mattress as numerical values.