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Advances in healthcare in recent years have resulted in the automation and standardization of healthcare. Consequently, care has become dehumanized. There is a lack of trust from patients toward the health care system, as well as feelings of stress, exhaustion, and fatigue among professionals. The aim of this article is to describe the humanization actions in nursing care, as well as the barriers and facilitating strategies to carry them out. A systematic review of the scientific literature has been carried out following the recommendations of the PRISMA declaration. The search was carried out in the WOS, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases. The keywords used were “humanization of assistance,” “nursing care,” and “nurse–patient relations,” restricting to original studies in English or Spanish, from 2018 to 2022. One author performed the search, selection, and screening of records. Two authors were involved in data extraction, and a third author decided in case of conflict. The systematic review was guided by ethical conduct that respects authorship and reference sources. Of the 744 articles initially identified, 27 were included in this review. Methodological quality was assessed following the STROBE statement or the CASPe and MMAT tools. The main barriers were found to be the lack of training of nurses and their working conditions, as well as the unwillingness of the institutions. Facilitating strategies consisted of solving implementation problems, promoting communication to strengthen nurse–patient relationships and accompaniment by family members. The main interventions are related to the physical environment and have been studied in obstetrics and pediatrics services. Barriers related to training, work situation and lack of institutional involvement are complemented with facilitating strategies that aim to implement the humanized model at a general level.

IntroductionPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment and mental health disorders compared to the general population. Physical exercise might improve their brain health. The overall goal of the HEART-BRAIN randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on brain health outcomes in patients with CAD, and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThis three-arm, single-blinded RCT will include 90 patients with CAD (50–75 years). Participants will be randomized into: (1) control group—usual care (n = 30), (2) aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 30), or (3) HIIT combined with resistance exercise training (n = 30). The 12-week intervention includes 3 supervised sessions (45-min each) per week for the exercise groups. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcome is to determine changes in cerebral blood flow assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes include changes in brain vascularization, cognitive measures (i.e., general cognition, executive function and episodic memory), and cardiorespiratory fitness. Additional health-related outcomes, and several potential mediators and moderators will be investigated (i.e., brain structure and function, cardiovascular and brain-based biomarkers, hemodynamics, physical function, body composition, mental health, and lifestyle behavior).ConclusionThe HEART-BRAIN RCT will provide novel insights on how exercise can impact brain health in patients with CAD and the potential mechanisms explaining the heart-brain connection, such as changes in cerebral blood flow. The results may have important clinical implications by increasing the evidence on the effectiveness of exercise-based strategies to delay cognitive decline in this high-risk population.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT06214624].

Abstract Background One of the environments where people living with HIV/AIDS should feel safer is in the health care setting; however, scientific evidence has identified discriminatory behaviour on the part of health care professionals towards these people. The reduction or abolition of discriminatory practices requires, first of all, to know the attitudes of nursing students towards AIDS with tools appropriate to the socio-cultural context of the disease. The objectives of this study are to update the AIDS Attitudes Scale for Nursing Students (EASE) by adapting it to the sociocultural landscape and to analyse the reliability and structural validity of the new scale. Methods The results of the questionnaires answered by 213 undergraduate nursing students from the Faculty of Health Sciences of Ceuta (University of Granada) were analysed. Reliability (test-retest, n = 33) and validity (n = 180) tests were carried out. Results An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis indicated that a four-factor model was the most parsimonious solution. Items were examined for their underlying relationships and labelled: professional practice, social integration, partner and family, and benevolent stigma. The new scale yielded a McDonald’s Omega coefficient (ω) of 0.893. Convergent validity was established for average variance extracted per factor greater than 0.5 and divergent validity when the variance retained by each factor is greater than the variance shared between them (average variance extracted per factor > ϕ2). Conclusions The new scale is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS in nursing students.

Epidemiological data on women suffering from vulvovaginal candidiasis and its recurrence are outdated and vague. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of women diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis, as well as the epidemiological profile and associated risk factors in the province of Granada (Spain). Data from the Centre for Sexually Transmitted Infections of the Granada province between 2000 and 2018 (N = 438) were used in this study. Associations between sociodemographic and sexual behaviour variables with vulvovaginal candidiasis were analysed using the Chi-square test and bivariate logistic regression. The prevalence of candidiasis was 14.6%. The sociodemographic profile corresponded to a woman aged 25.14 ± 4.8 years on average, who is of Spanish nationality (60.9%), a student (55.7%), in non-active employment (59.7%), with a higher education (56.7%), single (93.5%), and under 30 years of age (79.7%). Variables associated with this diagnosis were the absence of oro-genital contact (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.25–0.74), having a regular partner (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.05–3.75), and age of sexual debut, with the probability increasing by 12% (95% CI = 1.00–1.24) with each year. In this context, vulvovaginal candidiasis infection is common, and its epidemiological profile is contradictory, so our results do not suggest a relevant role of sexual risk behaviours in the diagnosis. Further research is needed to improve the estimates and factors associated with this infection.

The aim of this study was to estimate the relationship between the adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in university students and to assess whether this relationship is mediated or moderated by cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and handgrip strength. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 310 first-year Spanish university students. Adherence to the MD was evaluated with the 14-item Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (MEDAS), and the HRQoL was evaluated with the Short Form-12 (SF-12) questionnaire. CRF was assessed by the 20 m shuttle run test, and the handgrip strength was determined by dynamometry. ANCOVA models showed that participants with higher CRF and handgrip strength levels had significantly higher scores in the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) of the SF-12 and in the MEDAS questionnaire than those with medium and low scores (p < 0.050). Additionally, the ANCOVA models showed that students with good adherence to the MD showed higher scores in the MCS of HRQoL than those with low adherence (p = 0.044, ES = 0.013), but these results did not appear for the PCS of HRQoL (p = 0.728, ES = 0.001). In the mediation analysis, it was found that CRF and handgrip strength acted as full mediators of the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In the moderation analysis, it was evidenced that CRF and handgrip strength did not act as moderators in the relationship between adherence to the MD and the MCS of HRQoL. In conclusion, adherence to the MD does not seem to have a direct effect on the MCS of HRQoL because this association seems to be fully mediated by CRF and handgrip strength.

Sleep seems to have a significant influence on the metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, results in this association are still inconsistent in children. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of sleep characteristics in the MetS (index and factors) in Spanish children. Cross-sectional study including a sample of 210 children aged 8-to-11-years belonging to 20 schools from the province of Cuenca, Spain was conducted. Cardiometabolic risk and actigraphy sleep patterns were determined and analysed using correlation coefficients, ANCOVA models and a propensity score derivation model. Overall, children in the lower time in bed category and those who went to bed later (> 23:15h) showed worse values in the cardiometabolic profile and risk index. Differences were observed when the total time in bed was below 9h 15mins. Our study shows that short sleep duration could be a risk factor for cardiometabolic risk in children, and bedtime may independently influence this risk. In addition, our data suggests that children's sleep hygiene should be incorporated in parenting educational programs.

Introduction: Dental fear is an emotional reaction occurring in children with a special connotation. It may influence the behavior of child patients during consultation and affect the effectiveness of treatment. Addressing its characteristics and its various forms of manifestation is important to gain insight into this psychological phenomenon and devise future strategies. Objective: Characterize dental fear among Mexican schoolchildren. Methods: A cross-sectional observational descriptive study was conducted of 163 schoolchildren aged 6-12 years from a school in Monterrey, Mexico, from February to May 2017. The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule was applied to determine fear levels. The variables analyzed in the study were sex, age and fear levels. Analysis of statistical data was performed with the software SPSS version 19.0. Results: The scale components moderate fear (45.4 %) and fear of suffocation (52.1 %) stood out among the results obtained. Injections and being touched by a stranger were the items most commonly related to great fear, with 42.7 % and 47.9 %, respectively. The great fear category was present only at 8 and 11 years of age, with 15.3 % and 9.3 %, respectively, and in the female sex with 48.4 %.Conclusions: Dental fear is moderate among Mexican schoolchildren, with a prevalence of fear of suffocation during dental care. Early school ages and a predominance of the female sex were the features most commonly related to this psychological phenomenon.

This paper presents a historical-numismatic study of a series of coins found isolated in several locations of the province of Jaén (Andalusia, Spain). They are four latin epigraphic dinars of the type Indiction-Star, one of which is the heaviest known coin of this typology.

Este trabajo pretende demostrar lo plausible de la ruta seguida por Jesús tal como se la describe en Marcos 7, 31, señalando que, históricamente, nada hay de imposible, o siquiera de extraño, en descender de las tierras altas del Líbano hacia la costa de Sidón, y desde allí marchar en dirección sur por la Via Maris, atravesando la llanura de Esdrelón hasta alcanzar Escitópolis, virando entonces hacia el norte, de vuelta al Gennesaret, siguiendo el curso del Jordán, evitando así el retraso resultante de atravesar las colinas de Galilea, contra lo afirmado por algunos autores.

The method to understand and carry out the evaluation process is related to teacher training and the guidelines followed in their professional practice. There are different theoretical positions around the concept of the evaluative process, ranging from classical measurement approaches to modern pedagogical perspectives based on constructivism. In Nursing careers, as in most contemporary schools and colleges, the constructivist position has been chosen as a model. However, teachers continue to apply the traditionalist approaches they have practiced throughout their professional careers. The present research, forms part of the qualitative model, of descriptive and interpretative nature, that proposed to analyze the main characteristics: concepts, approaches, forms of planning, instruments and methodologies adopted by nursing teachers during the evaluation process in order to establish the degree of coherence between the pedagogical approach of the University and the evaluation guidelines of the program. The analysis was carried out through open, axial and selective theoretical coding, which resulted in a referential category system. The information was triangulated in two planes. The first one, between the subjects themselves, seeking to understand the trends of the evaluative model of the proposed categories, and the second one, in contrast with the theoretical framework and contextual references. The results of the research revealed a trend towards behavioral and traditional evaluation respectively; the students hold the teacher responsible for this model choice as the teacher plays the main role in the evaluation process.

This paper aims to demonstrate that Augustus was born in astronomical December, under the sign of Capricorn, in a date that was equivalent to calendarical September because of the traditional inaccuracies of the Roman calendar with respect to astronomical reality, as well as remark the weakness of all the other theories proposed on this question.

Este trabajo pretende señalar la importancia de las relaciones del reino asturiano con Europa, así como indicar la posible existencia de actividad marítima en el Cantábrico, a través del estudio de las noticias políticas, culturales y económicas, a pesar de la parquedad de las fuentes y frente a su concepción tradicional como una tierra autárquica y aislada.

Tattooing and body piercing are a reflection of the human need to decorate their body. Young people create significant senses that create other identities. The target of this research is to reveal the meaning of the tattooed skin to understand this social phenomenon. We understand these practices as a network of meanings, expressed in attitudes and feelings, which is crossed by the gender, the experience of pleasure VS pain and resistance to the dominant aesthetic. We have selected a sample of six men and six women of all clients served in 2009 on a tattoo and piercing Clinic to conduct in-depth interviews. There is a difference between feminine and masculine, both in design and corporal areas such as the decision leading to tattooing or piercing, and attributed meaning. Women choose these body practices with an aim of playing and seduction, they feel under the gaze of society, like men, but men do not feel as strongly beauty standards than women. Customers feel discrimination in the family and work, and they explain that tattoos and piercings are not valued as an artistic element in society.

Este trabajo pretende revisar las más recientes investigaciones académicas sobre la sátira latina del siglo XI llamada Garcineida, a fin de determinar su origen, autoría y credibilidad. El análisis de esta obra, así como de otras fuentes primarias y secundarias, nos lleva a dos interesantes conclusiones. Primero, a rechazar la teoría de un origen alemán y apreciar lo plausible de un origen hispánico cluniacense. En segundo lugar, planteamos la existencia de hechos que contrarían la imagen de Urbano II como un reformador inmaculado y permiten constatar que, a pesar de su virulencia, la susodicha sátira se basaba en una realidad.

The target of this article is to analyze the training manuals of practitioners, nurses and Spanish Red Cross nurses to assess how far we can place the introduction of educational content related to public health nursing. The reporting period covers from the configuration of the nursing profession to onset of the first figure with real functions of public health nursing, pediatric nurses. We have selected seven training manuals from the Red Cross, three practitioners training manuals, and five nurses training manuals, published until 1925, to compare the contents of each curriculum. The main conclusions are that the Red Cross stands as one of the protagonists of public health nursing in Spain, due to her performance in times of war and, especially, in times of the influenza epidemic of 1918-1919. Care infectious patients requiring first appeared in the training manuals of the Red Cross nurses following the 1918 influenza epidemic events.

Hace algunos años, Warwick Ball propuso que el Templo de Elagabal de Emesa, jamás encontrado, debe identificarse con el complejo de templos de Baalbek. Más recientemente, Gary Young ha pretendido mostrar la endeblez de las evidencias con que apoyó tal aserto, así como la falsedad de algunas de sus suposiciones. Tratamos de refutar a Young y demostrar que las evidencias textuales, arqueológicas y epigráficas en realidad apoyan la tesis de Ball, añadiendo algunas nuevas pruebas.

Hace algunos años, Warwick Ball propuso que el Templo de Elagabal de Emesa, jamás encontrado, debe identificarse con el complejo de templos de Baalbek. Más recientemente, Gary Young ha pretendido mostrar la endeblez de las evidencias con que apoyó tal aserto, así como la falsedad de algunas de sus suposiciones. Tratamos de refutar a Young y demostrar que las evidencias textuales, arqueológicas y epigráficas en realidad apoyan la tesis de Ball, añadiendo algunas nuevas pruebas.

Las matronas constituyen un ejemplo de mujeres en las profesiones sanitarias que lucharon por su visibilidad en un universo biomédico androcéntrico que tendió a ignorarlas u ocultarlas. Por ello, el objetivo general de este artículo es analizar el proceso de incorporación de las matronas a las instituciones de Beneficencia Municipal de Cuenca (España) para poner de manifiesto cómo estuvieron relegadas a un segundo plano. La metodología incluye el análisis del proceso desde el punto de vista de las relaciones de género. Se ha consultado el Archivo Municipal de Cuenca, el Archivo Histórico Provincial y se han analizado los principales periódicos locales de la época. Los datos epidemiológicos provienen del Instituto Nacional de Estadística. Mientras que los médicos y los practicantes contaron con un ámbito profesional específico dentro del ayuntamiento, las matronas no lo consiguieron hasta 1915. Las matronas en Cuenca ejercieron sus funciones en una plaza específica y no en la Casa de Socorro, que era de dominio exclusivo de médicos y practicantes. También se dedicaron al ejercicio libre de la profesión. Es muy probable que la asistencia a los partos se llevara también a cabo por madres y vecinas sin titulación.

Durante la epidemia de gripe de 1918-1919 los médicos españoles se encontraban en pleno proceso de renovación profesional, fruto del convencimiento de que sus condiciones laborales habían mermado notablemente. El objetivo es analizar las demandas de los profesionales de la medicina de Cuenca para determinar si guardaban relación con las que estaban teniendo lugar en la capital de España. Para ello se toman como referencia las noticias de la revista La Información Médica, publicación del Colegio de Médicos de la provincia. La metodología utilizada es el análisis del contenido discursivo del boletín, sobre la premisa de que el estudio del contexto se hace relevante. La élite médica conquense no estuvo supeditada a los intereses de los profesionales médicos de la capital del país pese a la estructura centralizada del Estado y la proximidad geográfica de ambas ciudades. Las demandas obedecieron a las características propias de la provincia y estuvieron condicionadas por el caciquismo existente. Estas reivindicaciones se produjeron en un contexto de crítica social contra la medicina oficial.

Este trabajo pretende esclarecer y explicar la política monetaria romana en el marco de las transformaciones operadas durante el siglo IV a partir del modelo teórico de la Escuela Austríaca de Economía. Mediante el estudio de las mutaciones monetarias, sus causas y sus consecuencias se pretende contribuir a un mejor entendimiento de la política fiscal y la dinámica social de la época, a través de dos objetivos específicos: a) la comprensión de los conceptos básicos de dinero e inflación, y b) la comprensión de la política monetaria y del proceso inflacionario a lo largo del período especificado, sus causas y consecuencias, así como su relación con el contexto sociohistórico.

Documentamos el importante descubrimiento de un denario merovingio procedente deMasilia (Marsella) en la ciudad catalana de Tarragona (España). Debido a la escasez de esta tipología, no solamente en el suelo peninsular, creemos que su publicación es de una gran importancia. Y más aún considerando que el estudio de las relaciones comerciales tanto de corto como de largo recorrido entre el reino visigodo de Toledo y la Francia merovingia se mantiene poco desarrollado.

Se describe un inmunoensayo enzimático (ELISA) que detecta anticuerpos anti-Factor-VIII/von Willebrand (FVIII/vW), con una relación de enlace > 5, que permite reconocer dichos anticuerpos tempranamente en los cultivos de hibridomas múridos. Para la adsorción de las placas del inmunoensayo se utilizaron preparados semipurificados de FVIII/vW obtenidos en Cuba. Se inmunizaron ratones Balb/c con la finalidad de generar los anticuerpos monoclonales detectados por este ELISA. Se obtuvo un clon con crecimiento estable y varios subclones positivos por el ELISA con actividad biológica específica de anticuerpos inhibidores de FVIIIAn enzime immunoassay (ELISA) that detects anti-Factor VIII/von Willebrand (FVIII/vw) antibodies with a binding relationship > 5 that allows the early recognition of such antibodies in the cultures of murine hybridomas is described. Semipurified preparations of FVIII/vw obtained in Cuba were used for the adsorption of the immunoassay plates. Balb/c mice were immunized in order to generate the monoclonal antibodies detected by this ELISA. A clone with stable growth and several positive subclones were obtained by ELISA with specific biological activity of FVIII-inhibiting antibodies

El autor principal hace una exposición sobre los principales métodos imagenológicos en la oftalmología y sus fundamentos, en especial de la tomografía óptica coherente con el equipo Stratus 3000. Con su colectivo de autores presenta una galería de imágenes de la tomografía óptica coherente acompañadas de imágenes de fondo de ojo y los campos visuales, de más de 500 pacientes con diversas enfermedades de retina y nervio óptico, lo que constituye el primer atlas cubano sobre esta entidadThe main author exposes the main imaging methods used in ophthalmology and their foundations, specially the optic coherence tomography with the Stratus 3000 equipment. Together with the other authors, he presents a gallery of images of the optic coherence tomography accompanied with images of the fundus oculi and the visual fields of more than 500 patients with different diseases of the retina and optic nerve, which constitute the first Cuban athlas on this entity