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This scientific article aims to provide a comprehensive review of fault monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis methods based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) for Hydroelectric Generator Units (HGUs). It presents a compilation of research studies that have utilized AI models for fault monitoring, diagnosis, and prognosis in HGUs. Additionally, it outlines the process for building an AI model in the context of fault management in HGUs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages associated with AI methods in this domain. Furthermore, the article examines the research prospects and trends of AI models for fault management in HGUs. By synthesizing existing literature and highlighting future directions, this article serves as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners seeking to leverage AI techniques for effective fault management in HGUs.

In the field of electrical machines maintenance, accurate and timely diagnosis plays a crucial role in ensuring reliability and efficiency. Variational autoencoder (VAE) techniques have emerged as a promising tool for fault classification due to their robustness in handling complex data. However, the inherent nondeterministic aspect of the VAE creates a significant challenge as it leads to varying cluster locations for identical health states across different machines. This variability complicates the creation of a standardized applicable diagnostic tool and challenges for the implementation of effective real-time health monitoring and prognostics. Addressing this issue, a novel approach is proposed wherein a desirability function-based term is integrated into the cost function of the VAE. The enhancement achieved by this approach arises from the standardization of classification, guaranteeing that analogous faults are assigned to identical geolocations within a 2-D user-friendly space. This method's efficacy is validated through two separate case studies: one analyzing vibration data from two diverse designs of large existing hydrogenerators, and the other utilizing vibration data sourced from an open-access dataset focused on bearing fault. The findings of both studies show that the model can cluster 97% of similar faults into preset zones, compared with 40% when the desirability term is excluded.