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Objective: Failed Back Syndrome (FBS) is unacceptable relief of pain or recurrence of symptoms in patients after spinal surgery, such as laminectomy. One possible cause of FBS is peridural fibrosis (PF). PF is the overproduction of scar tissue adjacent to the dura mater. Bleeding can cause PF after laminectomy. Ostene is an alkylene oxide copolymer material used to stop bleeding from bony surfaces. Floseal is a gelatin thrombin matrix sealant used to assist fibrin formation and to promote coagulation. Methods: Total of 32 female Sprague–Dawley rats were evenly allotted to 4 experimental groups: laminectomy only, laminectomy + Ostene (Baxter International, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA), laminectomy + Floseal (Baxter International, Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA), and laminectomy + Adcon-L (aap Implantate AG, Berlin, Germany). After performing total laminectomy, agents were placed over dura mater. Spinal column of test subjects was harvested 6 weeks after laminectomy. Histopathological examination of samples was based on Masson's trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin staining. PF observed in the groups was graded using system previously described by He et al. Statistically significant p value was defined as p

The ventriculoperitoneal shunt, silicone cerebral spinal fluid shunting system, is the most common effective treatment of hydrocephalus (1). Despite enhancements in surgical techniques, and devices, various problems and difficulties are still experienced in the surgery of cerebral spinal fluid shunting. Aging and degradation of the shunt material, hypersensitivity caused by degraded silicone, and shunt obstruction caused by calcification of the catheter are typical examples of late complications. Calcification and related dysfunction of ventriculoperitoneal shunt are rare events in neurosurgical practice. Shunt calcification causes shunt dysfunction in two ways, namely disconnection and obstruction. We present a 34-year-old male patient with shunt malfunction due to obstruction secondary to calcification.