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Introduction. The survival of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) depends on several factors, abnormal nutritional status such as obesity or protein-energy malnutrition are among these factors. Hence the importance of accurate assess-ment of nutritional status in order to preserve not only the renal function of these patients but also their quality of life on dialysis. Objectives. To establish the prevalence of obesity in patients with CKD, before starting extra-renal purification, based on two anthropometric methods: body mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance. Material and methods. This was a descriptive observational study on 125 patients with CKD before the stage of dialysis, meeting the study eligibility criteria. The nutritional and anthropometric parameters (BMI, impedancemetry) were measured. Results. The mean age was 56.3±12.3 years, and the sex-ratio was 0.95. Regarding the nutritional evaluation of patients with CKD, more than 71% of patients had a BMI (kg/m2) greater than 25 (overweight and obesity), and33.6% greater than 30. The percentage of obese women according to BMI was higher than that of men (51.6 versus 48.3%). The highest rate of obesity according to BMI was found in patients with stage 3b CD (p=0.003). Obesity by percentage of body fat estimated by the bio-impedancemetry method was identified in 60% of patients. BMI was associated with a 26.4% under-identification of obesity. An increased level of visceral fat was found in 60% of patients. Over 45% of patients had low muscle mass. Negative correlations were found between BMI and muscle mass (r=-0.732; p=0.000), and between body fat mass and muscle mass (r=-0.999 ; p=0.000). Indeed, according to the bio-impedancemetry method, a sarcopenic obesity was found in 90% of obese patients. Conclusion. Traditional BMI measurement identifies significantly fewer CKD patients as obese, compared to nutritional endpoints based on estimating body fat percentage by impedance measurement. [Introduction. La survie des patients présentant une insuffisance rénale chroni-que (IRC), dépend de plusieurs facteurs, les anomalies de l’état nutritionnel, telles que l’obésité ou la malnutrition protéino-énergétique font partie de ces facteurs. D’où l’importance de l’appréciation exacte du statut nutritionnel afin de préserver, non seulement, la fonction rénale de ces patients mais aussi leur qualité de vie en dialyse. Objectifs. Etablir la prévalence de l’obésité chez des patients présentant une IRC, avant de débuter l’épuration extra-rénale, en fonction de deux méthodes anthropométri-ques : l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’impédance bioélectrique. Matériel et méthodes. C’est une étude observationnelle descriptive portant sur 125 patients ayant une IRC avant le stade de dialyse. Des paramètres nutritionnels anthropométriques (IMC, impédancemétrie) ont été mesurés. Résultats. L’âge moyen des patients était de 56,3±12,3 ans et le sex-ratio était de 0,95. L’évaluation nutritionnelle des patients en IRC a montré que plus de 71% avaient un IMC supérieur à 25 (obésité et surpoids) et 33,6% un IMC supérieur à 30. Le pourcentage de femmes obèses selon l’IMC était plus élevé que celui des hommes (51,6 contre 48,3%). Le taux le plus élevé d’obèses selon l’IMC était retrouvé chez les patients atteints d'IRC au stade 3b (p= 0,003). L’obésité par pourcentage de graisse corporelle, estimée par la méthode de bio-impédancemétrie, a été identifiée chez 60% des patients. L’IMC est associée à une sous-identification de l'obésité de 26,4%. Un niveau de graisse viscérale augmenté était retrouvé chez 60% des patients. Plus de 45% des patients présentaient une masse musculaire basse. Des corrélations négatives ont été notées entre l’IMC et la masse musculaire (r=-0,732 ; p=0,000) et entre la masse grasse corporelle et la masse musculaire (r=-0,999 ; p=0,000). En effet, selon la méthode de bio-impédancemétrie, une obésité sarcopénique a été observée chez 90% des patients obèses. Conclusion. La mesure traditionnelle de l'IMC identifie moins de patients atteints d'IRC comme obèses, comparée aux critères d’évaluation nutritionnels basés sur l'estimation du pourcentage de graisse corporelle par impédancemétrie.]

Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants in many parts of the world. Although bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in ungulates in Africa, available epidemiological information on BT in this continent is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of BTV and summarize information on associated risk factors in domestic ruminants and camels in Africa. Systematic searches were conducted from the inception of the database to November 2022 on PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google/Google Scholar. Forty-four eligible publications were identified, published in the range from 1973 to 2020, and statistically analyzed. The pooled overall seroprevalence of BTV was 45.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.00-54.00%). The pooled seroprevalence was 49.70% (95% CI: 34.50-65.00%) in cattle, 47.00% (95% CI: 29.90-64.50%) in goats, 40.80% (95% CI: 19.60-63.90%) in camels, and 36.30% (95% CI: 29.00-44.90%) in sheep. The pooled seroprevalence decreased after 1990 and increased again after 2010. The highest pooled overall seroprevalence was found in the southeastern region, and the highest pooled overall seroprevalence was obtained by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Finally, the seroprevalence in females (53.30%, 95% CI: 34.80-71.00%) was significantly higher than in males (28.10%, 95% CI: 17.40-40.30%) (p

This work is the continuation of a research project launched 4 years ago, concerning the optimization of the propulsion of an electric vehicle, which is divided into two major axes: one deals with the signal processing part used for dynamics and the other deals with control techniques for vehicle driving. In this paper, we present our idea for the optimization of propulsion. We propose to use a combined control of field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The two well-known techniques have different advantages depending on whether you are looking at speed or torque. The vehicle is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Throughout the journey, we apply a FOC to control the speed where the road is flat, and we apply a DTC whenever we need the desired torque. Switching between the two control techniques is ensured by a well-adjusted switch via the variation of the load torque obtained by the vehicle dynamics sensors. The results obtained show good stability of the proposed system and allow the intended operation of the propulsion system.

Since the 20th century, numerous studies have detected or isolated parasites from the Trypanosomatidae family in various tick species. However, the status of ticks as vectors for medically or veterinary significant Trypanosoma and Leishmania remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide new insights into the potential vector status of these pathogens, which have significant medical and veterinary implications. We searched three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) from 1912 to June 30, 2023, resulting in 94 papers included in the qualitative analysis and 86 papers in the quantitative analysis. All identified field studies were conducted in endemic areas and investigated the presence of Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, DNA, or antigens in ticks. We recorded a pooled prevalence of Trypanosomatidae detection in ticks at 15.48 % [7.99–24.61 %], with significant variations depending on the year, detection method, and geographical area. Most of the infected tick species belonged to the genera Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. Experimental laboratory work on transmission routes demonstrated potential vector competence in both the Argasidae and Ixodidae tick families. Although our systematic review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence of the natural infection of ticks by Trypanosomatidae parasites, along with some evidence of non-traditional transmission routes, they do not offer conclusive evidence regarding the role of ticks as biological or mechanical vectors for Trypanosomatidae species of veterinary and medical interest. This highlights the urgent need for additional investigations to address this point.

La traducción especializada constituye un campo de estudio intrincado que va más allá de la mera transposición de palabras entre dos lenguas. En este contexto, la variación lingüística y sus peculiaridades (diatópicas, diastráticas, diafásicas, terminológicas, alternancia de códigos, etc.) adquiere un papel fundamental, especialmente cuando se aborda la traducción del español al árabe en un ámbito específico como es el de la joyería y orfebrería. Este artículo examina críticamente la interacción entre la variación en lengua árabe, la traducción especializada español-árabe y el trasvase de terminología del ámbito de la joyería-orfebrería al árabe. La investigación se sitúa en la confluencia de la traducción técnica y los estudios sociolingüísticos, destacando la importancia de abordar las diferencias geográficas, sociolingüísticas y socioculturales que influyen en la interpretación y recepción de los mensajes traducidos en el ámbito de la joyería. El análisis se basa en un corpus de 25 fichas terminológicas multimodales sobre joyería y orfebrería en español y sus equivalentes traducidos al árabe en el marco del proyecto FEDER I+D+i “BIJOULEX: Creación de una herramienta terminológica multilingüe (español, francés, inglés, italiano y árabe) y multimodal para el sector de la joyería, la orfebrería y su internacionalización”. Se busca identificar patrones específicos de variación en lengua árabe que puedan afectar al proceso de acuñación terminológica, a las estrategias de traducción de conceptos especializados o a la equivalencia cultural y técnica en la transferencia de conocimientos sobre joyería del español al árabe. Del análisis y discusión de los aspectos encontrados durante este proceso de traducción contrastiva se coligen conclusiones y recomendaciones de interés para el área de la traducción especializada español-árabe. Entre otros aspectos, se revela la complejidad de la traducción especializada en este dominio, en el que escasean en árabe las fuentes de consulta terminológica, pero donde la precisión técnica se entrelaza con las sutilezas culturales asociadas con la joyería-orfebrería. Se argumenta que una comprensión más profunda de las variaciones lingüísticas en árabe permitirá adecuar las estrategias de traducción empleadas en este ámbito de especialidad y transmitir el conocimiento intrínseco al mensaje original, teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades lingüísticas del receptor árabe, al tiempo que se preserva no solo el significado léxico sino también las connotaciones culturales, terminológicas y estilísticas de este ámbito.

Abstract A system of dispersive representations of the Omnès–Khuri–Treiman–Sawyer–Wali type for the final-state interactions in the amplitudes of the $$K\rightarrow \pi \pi \pi $$ K → π π π weak transitions is constructed, under the assumptions that CP and isospin symmetries are conserved. Both the $$\Delta I = 1/2$$ Δ I = 1 / 2 and $$\Delta I = 3/2$$ Δ I = 3 / 2 transition channels are considered. The set of single-variable functions involved in these representations is identified, and the polynomial ambiguities in their definitions are discussed. Numerical solutions for the system of coupled integral relations satisfied by these functions are provided, and the determination of the subtraction constants in terms of the experimental information on the amplitudes in the decay region is addressed.

Abstract We perform a detailed study of the consequences of isospin symmetry in the Cabibbo favoured D → K ¯ ππ $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ decays. These processes are important for precision testing of the Standard Model and for hadronic physics. Combining isospin symmetry with a dispersive reconstruction theorem we derive a representation in terms of one-variable functions which allows one to predict all the D → K ¯ ππ $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ amplitudes given inputs from one D + mode and one D 0 mode. From this, using dispersion relations and unitarity, we derive a set of 6+6 Khuri-Treiman type integral equations which enable to take three-body rescattering effects into account. A first test of this approach is presented using experimental results on the D + → K S π 0 π + and the D 0 → K S π − π + modes.

Introduction/purpose: Among excellent strategies available to control the torque of asynchronous motors, we distinguish direct torque control. This technique of control allows direct control of magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque without the need to decouple them. Also, direct torque control like each control strategy has some drawbacks, the major drawbacks of this technique being operation at a variable switching frequency and flux and electromagnetic ripples due to the use of hysteresis regulators. It worsens acoustic noise, especially at low speeds, as well as the control performances. Methods: To improve the performance of direct torque control especially at low speeds, the authors propose using fractional order PID in combination with type-2 fuzzy logic controllers to regulate the speed of an induction motor controlled by direct torque control. Results: The results obtained by the proposed regulators show the improvements made to the system. Conclusion: The proposed contribution can exert better control efforts.

Tropical theileriosis (TT) is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria annulata and commonly infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions, including Algeria. It is a significant obstacle to cattle breeding programs established to improve production in Algeria. The present investigation aimed to estimate the current molecular prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterisation of T. annulata in two bioclimatic areas of Algeria. In a cross-sectional study, 679 blood samples (629 from healthy cattle selected on farms and 50 from diseased cattle identified by veterinarians) were collected from the humid (n = 307+50) and semi-arid (n = 322) areas and screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (cox III) mitochondrial and the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes for Theileria spp. Seventy-six positive samples (56 clinically healthy and 20 with clinical signs) for Theileria spp. were confirmed to be T. annulata by the merozoïtes surface antigen-1 (Tams1) gene showing a rate of 8.9 % in clinically healthy and 40.0 % in suspected cattle. Among the 307 bloods samples collected from healthy cattle in the humid area, 25 cattle (8.1 %) were positive for T. annulata. Of the 322 healthy cattle from the semi-arid site, 31 (9.6 %) were carriers of T. annulata DNA. In subclinical population, demographic and environmental parameters analysis indicated that T. annulata infection was higher in adult crossbred cattle raised in the intensive and semi-intensive system (P

Abstract Background The effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child or Forced Marriages (CFM) have not been well documented. We examined respondents’ perceptions on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Data collection on participants’ perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on FGM/C and CFM took place between October-December 2020. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15–49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight key informant interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4). Results In Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited perceived effect on changes in FGM/C and CFM. In Senegal, there were minimal perceived effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CFM cases. The pandemic negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies. Conclusions The pandemic has had varied perceived effects on FGM/C and CFM across the four countries. Generally, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.

Butcher's meat and its offal intended for human consumption are subject to mandatory sanitary inspection at the slaughterhouse level by veterinary inspectors. Our objective is to determine the main reasons for seizures at the Biskra slaughterhouse during a three-month period with a number of 2303 slaughtered animals (sheep and goats). We noted 975 seizures (42.33%), mostly sheep (46.20%) (p

Ionic Liquids (ILs) have gained significant attention in both industry and academia due to their unique properties and diverse applications. With countless possible combinations of cations (e.g., Ammonium, Sulfonium, Phosphonium) and anions (Organic or Inorganic), the variety of ILs is immense. Among them, Imidazolium salts form the largest IL family, making them a focal point in this study. Phenolic compounds, essential in the chemical industry, become hazardous to both human and aquatic life when released into the environment. Traditional separation methods for phenolics unfortunately involve environmentally problematic processes. This research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing Imidazolium-functionalized ILs ([EtO2C2mim]Br, [EtO2C2mim]BF4, [EtO2C2mim]PF6) and studying their phenol extraction abilities. The results revealed [EtO2C2mim]Br as the most effective, extracting 99% of phenol and offering a promising alternative for the efficient extraction of phenols from real coal liquefaction oil.

The beneficial health effects of pomegranate have consistently garnered scientific interest. This study delves into the health-promoting qualities of pomegranate seed oil from northwest Algeria, renowned for its nutraceutical benefits. Through Soxhlet extractions, oil yields between 11% and 17% were achieved, dependent on the chosen solvent. The oil's quality was rigorously assessed using indicators like iodine, acid, and saponification indices. Gas chromatography identified the predominance of unsaturated fatty acids (comprising 95% of the total), with a notable presence of punicic acid at 83.20%. This exceptionally high punicic acid content establishes Beni-Snouss pomegranate seed oil as a global punicic acid treasure trove, underscoring its significance as a valuable nutraceutical resource.

Emotional factors in linguistic–cultural mediation have attracted the attention of prior literature for a number of decades, both regarding the cognitive processes involved in language interpreting and the impact of stress and emotion on the performance of interpreters. However, research has not yet been replicated in the Arabic–Spanish pair, despite it being one of the combinations most requested by public services in Spain and Europe. Methodology: An exploratory study conducted by an anonymous online 17-item survey was carried out in order to discover the perception of Arabic–Spanish interpreters in asylum and refugee settings about the emotional impact of their job. Out of 30 contacted, 23 active interpreters completed the survey. Results: The answers showed that all of the interpreters had been exposed to situations that had emotionally impacted them. Triggering situations and a list of negative emotions were collected. Discussion: Direct and indirect implications of the referred emotional episodes and their consequences on the performance of the interpreters were analysed and discussed. Conclusions: Linguistic–cultural mediation in these settings exposes interpreters to harsh stories that trigger mostly negative emotions. These professionals lack psychological support; thus, they are forced to deal individually with each situation, without taking into account the possible consequences on their work and their physical and mental health.

This work aims to determine the main histological changes in the endometrium of female camels during the postpartum period (recovered from the uterine epithelium). For this, successive samples of uterine mucosa were taken from the left uterine horn of females from the 3rd, 5th, 7th, 11th, 15th, 18th, and 21st postpartum day. The samples of the uterine biopsies were carried out on 10 camels. In this study, it appears that the recovery of the epithelium of the uterine endometrium is short (3 weeks) and comparable to that of mares. In conclusion, this study verified the hypothesis of short uterine involution in camels and the rapid resumption of ovarian activity.

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused socio-economic disruptions across the globe. The pandemic disrupted the health system (HS) calling for reengineering in response to high infection rates, deaths, and resultant containment measures. To deal with COVID-19 and promote resilience, community health workers (CHWs) were engaged across countries. Objective: Assess the preparedness of CHWs in supporting health system response in prevention and management of COVID-19 in Kenya, Senegal, and Uganda. Methods: A mixed methods design study involving national and subnational jurisdictions in the 3 countries. Key informant interviews were conducted with policy actors (16) and health care workers (24) while in-depth interviews involved CHWs (14) and community members (312) subjected to survey interviews. Results: Most (>50%) households survived on

The constitutional amendment of the year 2016 devoted a double protection to the profit of the vulnerable children having specific needs, and this because of their incapacities on the one hand, and on the other hand because they are deprived of the one of the characteristics which distinguish the individual, one quotes as an example the right of filiation or the right of health. And undoubtedly this protection is a result of the legislative initiatives which deserves a compliment nevertheless executive decree N° 12-04 about statute-type of the establishments for assisted children, As well as executive decree N° 12-05 about statute-type of the Establishments of education and teaching specialized for handicapped children. By what precedes, It is necessary to proceed to analyze the legal texts of these two above mentioned decrees to know at which point the Algerian legislator succeeded in to concretize a legal status concerning the establishments specialized with the vulnerable children having specific needs ? as a general problem, and to answer this one we used one an analytical approach of the legal texts, as well as a descriptive approach in the intention finding solutions for the problems of which it suffers this vulnerable category in form of results and suggestions in the conclusion of this study.

Our work is a survey of 35 dairy cattle farms located in three towns in the province of Constantine. The one-pass survey lasted 6 months, from October 2010 to April 2011. The purpose was to characterize the diversity of these farms, and to understand the problems related to their location, infrastructures, equipment, and the process of the dairy workshop, food, staff, cleanness and particularly drug practices likely to cause economic loss. Our survey points out that the majority of farms are built inside agglomerations without the respect of farm management standards and it is also characterized by the cohabitation of cattle with other categories of animals. Furthermore, the abusive use of antibiotics by farmers, an unregulated practice even anarchic without prior reading of the leaflet, and so the non-respect of the dosage and treatment duration. Out of the 35 surveyed farms 77.1% use traditional livestock building maintenance equipment that does not guarantee proper cleaning of animal premises. Amongst the studied farms only 17.1 % are exclusively dairy farms. The dairy herd is composed of 60% dairy cows.

The grains can be of very diverse nature (size, shape, mineralogy, etc), indeed even if each grain is a fairly simple object, the set of grains is a very complex system in which the geometrical and physical properties of the grains, their forces and their orientations play a crucial role in their mechanical behavior. The measurement of their shape in soil mechanics has historically required the use of standards and diagrams to which the different grains can be compared. However, these methods are approaches and remain insufficient and incomplete for the actual measurement of their form and the understanding of their behavior remains a task far from being completed. This work is in this context and proposes to analyze the shape and size of the grains with the fractal theory using the Box Counting method. It also makes it possible to study their influence on the crushing of the grains of the calcareous material under the effect of the cyclic loading-unloading during the oedometer test. The obtained results show that the variation of the fractal dimension, corresponding to the crushing effect of the grains, is strongly influenced by their shape, their size, their particle size distribution and the variation in the number of loading-unloading cycles.

The soil structure can be described as an assembly of elements of various sizes separated by a complex system of cracks and fractures, since the grains of the soil are differentiated by their shape, size and orientation. They are thus differently associated and related, their masses can form complex and irregular configurations which are in general extremely difficult to characterize in exact geometric terms. To understand the mechanical behavior of granular materials, it is then necessary to characterize the grains using the fractal dimension which is a characteristic that indicates the degree of irregularity and fragmentation of the latter. This experimental work consists in studying the influence of the parameters variation: granular class, grain size and normal stress applied during Casagrande's direct shear tests on the roughness fractal dimension calculated with the method of Box counting. The analysis of the results obtained at the end of a granulometric variation which caused a variation of the fractal dimension of grain roughness. This variation made it possible to analyze the level of fragmentation suffered by the sandstone grains during the various shear tests. This fragmentation produces fines that are the source of variations in the mechanical properties of the sandstone material.

Purpurogallin or (6E,8Z)-2,3,4,6-tetrahydroxy-5H-benzo[7]annulen-5-one is a benzotropolone possessing a dienic system and known to inhibit the TLR1/TLR2 activation pathway. We have recently described the easy green synthesis of purpurogallin from pyrogallol catalyzed by a copper complex or by vegetable oxidases. The purpurogallin was acetylated and the tetra-acetate derivative thus obtained was engaged in a Diels–Alder reaction with various dienophiles (benzoquinone, maleic anhydride, ethylmaleimide, phenylmaleimide, etc.). The results obtained are presented and discussed.

Notre travail consiste en une enquête sur 35 élevages de bovins laitiers de trois communes de la wilaya de Constantine. L’enquête en un seul passage a duré 6 mois, d’octobre 2010 à avril 2011. Il s’agissait de caractériser la diversité de ces élevages, et de comprendre les problèmes liés à leur emplacement, aux infrastructures, à l’équipement, au fonctionnement de l’atelier laitier, à l’alimentation, au personnel, à l’hygiène et surtout aux pratiques médicamenteuses susceptibles d’être à l’origine de pertes économiques. Il ressort de nos enquêtes que la majorité des fermes sont construites au sein des agglomérations sans respect des bonnes pratiques de gestion des élevages et caractérisées par la cohabitation des bovins avec d’autres catégories d’animaux. L’utilisation abusive des antibiotiques par les éleveurs, et cela de manière non réglementée, de façon anarchique sans lecture préalable de la notice, et sans respect de la dose et de la durée du traitement. Parmi les 35 exploitations étudiées : 77,1% utilisent un matériel d’entretien des bâtiments d’élevages traditionnel qui n’assure pas un bon nettoyage des locaux des animaux. Parmi les élevages étudiés, seulement 17,1% sont exclusivement laitiers. Le troupeau est composé à 60 % de vaches laitières. Mots clés: bovins laitiers, élevage, typologie, Constantine, Algérie

This work is based on the application of probabilistic fracture mechanics (MRP) models to predict the reliability of pressure pipelines in nuclear power reactors. The simulation of cracking of stainless steel piping under the conditions of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) is based on the improved modified piping reliability analysis including seismic events (PRAISE) code. The IGSCC is characterized by a unique damage parameter that depends on residual stresses and environmental conditions. Case studies of IGSCC failures in nuclear power plants are presented and the contribution of environmental effects on crack initiation and leakage is discussed. For small damages we observed that the change in temperature or oxygen concentration does not affect the initiation process but their decrease contribute favourably to the decrease in the leakage probabilities.

Introduction. Hypertension is a cardiovascular risk factor which results from the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Nutritional factors may explain 30 to 75% of hypertension cases. Objective. To investigate the association between dietary salt intake and blood pressure control in hypertensive subjects. Population and methods. A prospective investigation to comprehensive collection was realized in 162 hypertensive patients, aged between 27 and 87 years and monitored in cardiology offices in Oran city from June 1st to December 31th 2014. The daily intake of salt was estimated by a food inquiry about the main salty foods.The patients were scored according to the quantity of salt in each food, then classified into three groups according to their salt intake level as low,reasonable, and excessive consumption. Results. The average age of patients was 57± 12 years The average salt consumption represented 8.73 ± 3.11 g/day. The average systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) were respectively 137 97 mmHg and 88.99 mmHg. A significant relationship was found between salt intake and blood pressure control level (OR = 3.38; 95% CI = [1.43-8]). Conclusion. The reduction of dietary salt can lower significantly blood pressure; nutritional actions must be deployed for a better blood pressure control.

Samples of Inconel 600 were isothermally oxidized in a controlled atmosphere with a special mounting at high-temperature oxidation. Along with this experimental study, a simulation of thermodynamic behavior of the material in the same oxidation conditions was carried out using the Thermo-Calc code. The thermodynamic modeling is able to predict the phase nature and its distribution in the structure of the surface layer resulting from the corrosion of the material in thermodynamic equilibrium in the absence of mechanical stress. The results of this simulation are supplemented to results obtained from the analysis by glow discharge spectrometry (GDS) which is performed on the samples tested.

The 2-aminopyridines constitute a very large class of nitrogen heterocycles, which have a great biological activity, such as the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and analgesics activity, as well as the 2-amino-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile has a antifungal activity. A new approach of synthesis of 2 amino-3-cyanopyridines was developed in our laboratory, based on the condensation of the intermediary of enaminonitrile with different primary amines in solvent-free environments.

À l’échelle de la planète, nous assistons, depuis le début des années 1980, à un mouvement accéléré de renouvellement des appareils publics de gouvernance, sous l’influence du mouvement managérialiste ou, en d’autres mots, le nouveau management public. Peu d’études ont cependant été consacrées aux processus de diffusion à l’échelle mondiale de cette conception de la gouvernance publique. Il se trouve pourtant que si les réformes des administrations publiques menées en Nouvelle-Zélande, au Royaume-Uni, au Canada ou aux États-Unis d’Amérique ont inspiré tant d’autres gouvernements, de même que nombre de praticiens et d’universitaires, c’est en partie parce que des Organisations internationales extrêmement influentes ont non seulement contribué à les faire connaître, mais les ont aussi proposées comme des modèles de référence. Comment et par quels mécanismes ces nouveaux modèles de gouvernance se propagent-ils d’un pays à l’autre ? Quels rôles les Organisations internationales, financières et non financières, jouent-elles dans ce processus de diffusion ? Si, à l’échelle internationale, nous relevons une certaine homogénéité au niveau des valeurs, des principes et des discours de légitimation des systèmes de gouvernance en émergence, la diversité des modes d’organisation et de fonctionnement des organisations publiques ne fait aucun doute. Notre analyse révèle que la tendance à l’isomorphisme des systèmes de gouvernance sur un plan institutionnel s’accompagne d’une tendance à l’hétéromorphisme sur le plan des pratiques organisationnelles.

This paper describes selected chemical, physical and analytical composition of fresh chicken egg (FCE), whole egg powder (WEP), and irradiated whole egg powder (IWEP). WEP samples were irradiating at 0, 5, 10 and 15 kGy using gamma irradiator. Analysis determined the approximate compositions, chemical and physical properties including the percentage of moisture, crud fat, crude protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, and ash, total acidity, pH value, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN), viscosity and color changes in FCE, WEP and IWEP. The results indicate that the FEP and WEP could be a fine resource of nutrients for consumers to select. In general, no considered differences observed in proximate components of WEP and IWEP. The results shows some differences in the analyzed chemical and physical parameters between WEP and IWEP. However, the tested physical and chemical parameters were all well within the acceptable limits for samples of FCE, WEP and IWEP.

The aim of this work was to compare the fatty acid (FA) composition of oil from irradiated and un-irradiated cherry kernels (ChK). Cherry kernel were exposed to radiation doses of 0, 3 and 6 kGy of gamma irradiation covering the range for insect/pest disinfestations and for microbial load. The FA composition of cherry kernel oil (ChKO) was analyzed with using gas chromatography analysis. Oleic acid (C18:1) was consistently present in the highest quantity with averaged 51.07% of the total FA. The FA existing in second highest quantity was linoleic acid (C18:2) showing 38.03% on the average, followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) averaged 7.71%, stearic acid (C18:0) averaged 2.41%, palmitic acid (C16:1) averaged 0.42%, and linolenic acid (C:18:3) averaged 0.38%. indicating that it can be used for human consumption. In the present study, Palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid, SFA and USFA were not affected by irradiation or storing. Conclusively, the ChKO may have sufficient oil volume potential to be used as edible (domestic) and industrial oil.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of gamma irradiation at doses of 0, 1, 2 and 3 kGy, and storage time of olive fruits for 0, 30 and 45 days on changes in chemical properties of olive oil during storage periods of 0, 6 and 12 months. The initial acidity value (AV), peroxide value (PV), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBA), phenolic content, iodine value (IV) and saponification value (SV) of virgin olive oil obtained from olives fruits immediately after harvest (at day zero) were 1.04%, 3.06 mEqO2 kg−1 oil, 0.025 mg MDA kg−1 oil, 314.71 mg gallic acid kg−1 oil, 93.38 gI2 100 g−1 oil and 194.88 mg KOH g−1 oil, respectively. In general, the AV and PV of olive oil was increased by gamma irradiation, while the phenolic and IV of olive oil was deceased by gamma irradiation and storage time. The TBA value and SV of olive oil was not significantly (p>0.05) changed by gamma irradiation.