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Earlier, we found that two alcohol-containing samples delivered from the zone of special military operation contain a rare psychoactive substance EA-3167, which is a structural analogue of the well-known incapacitant BZ, included in the Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to EA-3167, additives of methadone, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone and tetrahydrocannabinol were found in liquids.The aim of the work is to establish the analytical characteristics of EA-3167, as well as its metabolites in rat urine. Research methods. Structural identification of the detected substance by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas and liquid chromatomass spectrometry of delivered objects and rat urine obtained by exposing laboratory animals to the detected substance.The results of the study. Concentrations of EA-3167 in liquids were found to be 910 and 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. It has been established that EA-3167 is subject to intensive metabolism in rats. More than 30 metabolites, representing products of mono- and dihydroxylation of aliphatic moieties of the molecule, ketone formation, and hydrolysis, have been tentatively identified in the urine of laboratory animals. Conclusion. The most convenient markers for confirming poisoning of EA-3167 by gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were the parent substance, the products of its monohydroxylation and the formation of carbonyl group on the cyclopentyl moiety.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in maintaining human health and are recognized as indicators of oxidative stress linked to various conditions such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Consequently, detecting ROS levels in biological systems is crucial for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical approaches offer promising opportunities for ROS determination due to their exceptional sensitivity, speed, and simplicity of equipment. This review covers studies using advanced electrochemical nanozyme sensors for detecting ROS in biological samples that were published over the last ten years, from 2013 to 2023. Emphasis is placed on the sensor materials and different types of modifiers employed for selective ROS detection. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the sensors’ selectivity was performed.

Popularisation of the key scientific problems occupied a significant place in D. I. Trubetskov’s work. In memory of this fact, the problem of electromagnetic field affecting biological objects is discussed in a popular manner in this article. This problem has more than a century in it’s history, but still being far from the final solution. Objectives. Analyze the problem of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects and social structures as complex multielement systems, and assess the possibility of identifying new effects in their behavior. Methods. As a result of many studies in different countries, by the mid-60s of the twentieth century, an idea was formed about the complex and systemic nature of the influence of electromagnetic fields on biological objects. Therefore, the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects and social environments is considered in the work as a problem of external influence on complex multielement interconnected systems, using conceptual approaches of nonlinear dynamics. Results. It is shown that along with the effects of EMF on individual biological objects, there are effects of the influence of the information component of EMF on social systems, the elements of which are people considering as biological objects. The threshold power flux density where the influence effects on the social systems begin to manifest is significantly lower than the one for biological objects. Conclusion. Effective approaches aimed to reduce the negative impact of microwave radiation on humans can be implemented using personal means for monitoring the level and the received dose of radiation – electromagnetic radiation dosimeters, which are actually analogous to thermometers for measuring body temperature.

The aim of the work was to develop electronic database of biological organisms (fishes, viruses) on the base of the methods that have been used before in mathematics, engineering, physics. The methods of object-oriented system analysis, construction of models of subject spaces (problem space, solution space), ER-diagrams, of constructing databases and others were applied. The examples of prototypes of modern databases with information about fishes developed over the past years in Western European and American countries were presented. An overview of applied methods, concepts and terminology from the areas of object-oriented system analysis, database designing was disclosed. In conclusions the description of constructed database and practical recommendations for the development of databases with the information about domestic biological organisms for electronic information systems are given.

Soporific substances of the third generation - Z-preparations: Zaleplon (Andante), Zopiclone (Imovane) and Zolpidem (Ivadal) - are widely used in medicine for the treatment of insomnia. Despite a number of advantages over of barbiturate derivatives and 1,4-benzodiazepine, the identified preparations are toxic. Poisoning incidents, including fatalities, are described. To diagnose intoxications by these medicines and other purposes (for monitoring the concentration of these medicines in the blood, studying pharmacokinetics, evaluating drug interactions, optimizing treatment control), the development of methods for defining Z-preparations in biological objects becomes important, that is currently developed insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study and analyze the specialized literature on the chemical, physico-chemical, pharmacological properties, methods of analysis of investigated substances, methods of extraction, purification, methods of identification and quantification while studying the biological objects.

Purpose: to study the use of video tracking to assess physical endurance and indicators of biological objects fatigue when running on a treadmill and swimming with the load. Material and methods. Physical endurance evaluated by test facilities for running on a treadmill and swimming with the load. As the object of the studies used laboratory rats. Results. For indicators of physical endurance biological objects isolated areas running track of treadmill and electrical stimulation site, when swimming on the total area of the container isolated subarea near the water surface. With video tracking performed computer timing of finding biological object in different zones of the treadmill and containers for swimming. On the basis of data on the time location rats in a given zone apparatus for running and swimming, obtained in the dynamics of the test of physical endurance, build a "fatigue curves", quantified changes in the indices of hard work, depending on the duration of its execution. Conclusion. Video tracking allows to define the execution of physical work to overflowing with loads of aerobic and mixed aerobic-anaerobic power, establish quantitative indicators of changes in the dynamics of biological objects operability testing with the construction of "fatigue curve" and objectively determine the times of occurrence in experimental animals exhaustion when fails to perform physical work.

A possibility of sequential Monte Carlo method application for data processing in the full-field optical coherent tomography for studying of biological objects is demonstrated. The suggested algorithm is based on statistical approximation of the estimated parameters instead of nonlinear functional transformations. Experimental results of data processing in the studies using full-field optical coherence tomography system based on the Linnik micro-interferometer are given with subsequent signals envelope estimation by sequential Monte Carlo method. It was established that the processing results contain fewer artifacts caused by instability of the algorithm as compared with the previously obtained results using the extended Kalman filtering. Processing of the full-field optical coherence tomography system data involving the sequential Monte Carlo method gave the possibility to observe an object microstructure with resolution of about 1 μm. Experimental testing of sequential Monte Carlo method was performed by analyzing the signals obtained in the study of the front wing of the common house mosquito Culex pipiens, because this object has a small size, low thickness and complicated microstructure and, therefore, is a convenient test object. These results are in a good agreement with observations obtained by conventional microscopy techniques and can be of interest for specialists in the field of entomology and bioengineering.