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Introduction: Broca’s aphasia, a non-fluent aphasia, is a frustrating condition with extensive psychological, familial, and social impact. The reports of people who have already recovered or can express themselves are essential to increasing knowledge about the experience of living with Broca’s aphasia. A-FROM is a framework designed to organize thinking about the impact of living with aphasia and includes four key domains: Communication and language environment; Language and related impairments; Personal identity, attitudes and feelings, and Participation in life situations. Nursing intervention is central to optimizing recovery and positively influencing the experience of successfully living with this clinical condition. Objective: To map scientific evidence about the experience of people who lived through a period of Broca’s aphasia. Methods: A Scoping Review was performed following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. The review was based on the research question, "How does the person report the experience of having lived through a period of Broca’s aphasia?", formulated according to the PCC strategy. The search was carried out in MEDLINE®, CINAHL®, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Scopus electronic databases in November 2022. Articles were selected based on the eligibility criteria. The review followed the PRISMA-ScR EQUATOR checklist. Results: Seventeen articles published between 1961 and 2022 were included. Data obtained were grouped according to the key domains of the A-FROM tool. Information related to Personal identity, attitudes and feelings, and Participation in life situations were the most cited, followed by Language and related impairments and Communication and language environment. Conclusion: It was identified that health professionals, therapeutic interventions, spirituality, hope, context, interactions, and psychosocial factors influence the experience of Broca’s aphasia. It is essential to continue investigating how people report the experience of having lived through a period of Broca’s aphasia to improve the quality of care and people's quality of life.

This work examines, in addition to Paul Pierre Broca’s psycholinguistic contributions, his adherence and contribution to Basque linguistics. Three areas have been analyzed: neurolinguistics, anthropology and Basque linguistics. Thus, critical interpretations of neurological discoveries are exposed. We have examined the paper «Sur l’origine et la répartition de la langue basque. Basques français et basques espagnols» (Broca, 1875), in order to present the main hypotheses and reflections that appear in it, referring to the geographical drift of the Basque language and the sociolinguistic situation of the 19th century, among other areas.

La broca del café Hypothenemus hampei, es uno de los insectos plaga más importantes a nivel mundial que dañan al fruto del café. El objetivo fue evaluar vinagres y extractos de plantas mezclados con etanol para ser utilizados como atrayentes para la captura del insecto. Se utilizaron por primera vez las mezclas: etanol-albahaca, etanol-ruda, etanol-romero, etanol-vinagre blanco y etanol-vinagre de manzana, en una proporción 1:1 y como testigo metanol-etanol 3:1, utilizando trampas artesanales, en un diseño completamente al azar con cinco repeticiones por cada tratamiento. Con base en los análisis estadísticos, se observó que el etanol-vinagre de manzana y etanol-vinagre blanco, presentaron la mayor captura de especímenes 136,36 y 98,24 en promedio con respecto a las otras mezclas. Se concluye que los mejores atrayentes utilizados en esta investigación pueden servir como una estrategia sustentable para la captura de la broca del café.

Este trabajo pretende analizar los parámetros temporales de las consonantes oclusivas sordas [p, t, k] en el habla espontánea de un hablante con afasia de Broca y apraxia del habla en tres momentos diferentes de su enfermedad, a fin de determinar el nivel de deterioro respecto a su producción sin patología, así como su evolución tras veintidós meses de terapia logopédica. Las principales variables estudiadas han sido la duración consonántica, de la fase de silencio y del VOT. Los resultados estadísticos indican que los parámetros temporales presentan valores mayores a los observados en hablantes sin patología y que estos van en descenso a lo largo de la rehabilitación, especialmente para la realización bilabial. Las variaciones en la duración dependen, fundamentalmente, del punto de articulación y de los procesos de mantenimiento o debilitamiento de la sonoridad. Además, se ha advertido que las principales mejoras se han producido durante el periodo de recuperación espontánea y que las características acústicas de la realización bilabial se diferencian de las de las consonantes dental y velar, siendo la primera la que presenta los valores de duración más altos, así como los patrones de mejora más significativos.

Na safra de 2004/05 foram observados danos de Agathomerus sellatus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) na cultura do tomateiro na Região do Planalto Norte Catarinense. Neste trabalho é apresentada a descrição e os danos do inseto, com algumas indicações para o seu manejo. As larvas de A. sellatus broqueiam as hastes do tomateiro e de outras solanáceas, enquanto os adultos alimentam-se das partes verdes das plantas. A postura é endofítica e resulta em um dano característico, formado por pequenos orifícios em espiral ao redor da haste. No local da postura a haste pode quebrar com o vento, na manipulação ou devido ao peso da planta. Rotação de culturas, controle dos insetos adultos e a eliminação das plantas atacadas podem contribuir para reduzir o nível populacional da praga.

ABSTRACT. The age-old debates about the localization of the mind (higher functions) took a new course when Willis located a higher nervous function (memory) in the brain parenchyma, and supposedly, in the cerebral cortex. About two centuries later, Broca, founded on solid scientific reasoning, localized a circumscribed area of the 3rd frontal circumvolution of the left hemisphere as the seat of articulate language, a higher function (speech - language domain). He (and Dax) also defined the functional asymmetry (specialization) of the hemispheres, with left dominance (for language). The period between the findings of these individuals was not quiescent, as numerous authors contributed with their theoretical and clinicopathological research toward creating a conducive scientific atmosphere for this accomplishment, and should be regarded as important. Further studies, in the decades that followed, revealed the localization of additional aspects of language and of other higher functions (cognitive domains).

The processing of quantifier words such as “many” or “few” is a complex operation supported by a plastic fronto-parietal network predominantly in the left hemisphere. The internal reference criterion defining a quantifier (e.g., ≥50% for “many”) can be modified in a learning paradigm. Most interestingly, changing the criterion for one quantifier also leads to a change in the criterion for the untrained quantifier, i.e., a semantic restructuring effect, which is supported by Broca’s region in the left inferior frontal cortex. Here, we applied this paradigm to patients with the behavioral variant of fronto-temporal dementia (bvFTD) because they suffer from loss of cognitive flexibility, reduced ability to process quantities and their values, impaired reinforcement learning, and language comprehension deficits. The question was whether the patients would be able to perform the task, show direct learning of the new quantifier meanings, and exhibit cognitive flexibility in terms of semantic restructuring. Eleven bvFTD patients took part in two behavioral experiments. In Experiment 1, in a first baseline block, each individual’s criterion for “many” and “few” was assessed. In block 2, subjects received feedback about their decisions. Contrary to their initial notion, a proportion of 40% yellow circles was reinforced as “many.” In block 3, the effect of this training on their judgments of “many” and “few” was re-assessed. The group of bvFTD patients showed a learning effect for the new criterion trained for the quantifier “many,” but failed to generalize this criterion shift to the other quantifier “few.” Experiment 2 was similar to Experiment 1, but the patients were trained in Block 2 to judge 60% of circles as “few,” with no training for “many.” Again, there was an average learning effect for the trained quantifier “few” over the entire group, but no generalization to “many.” Since the patients were still able to perform the task and showed learning of “many” to direct feedback, the data suggest that the generalization process, rather than initial learning, is more vulnerable to fronto-temporal degeneration.

This article aims to know about hearing development experienced by otologically healthy children during their early childhood, in order to give an objective documentation about the matter to preschool education teachers, so that they can improve and enhance their didactic work in the classroom. The research uses classic bibliography in health sciences and psychology, international standards on hearing thresholds, and validated researches addressing the development of tonal discrimination, localization of sounds in space, and the impact of hearing on integral child development. It is concluded that the hearing development in early childhood is not limited to physiological aspect, but it also involves other factors such as sensory, sensorimotor, perceptual and cognitive ones.

The present study is intended to investigate inflection deficits in two Kurdish-speaking Broca’s aphasia patients. Three grammatical categories including grammatical agreement, tense, and aspect together with their subcategories will be gauged to find the patterns in the speech of the patients. Natural conversations collected through voice-recordings and sentence completion tasks are employed to collect data. Friedmann & Grodzinsky (1997) is adopted as theoretical framework. The present study can be classified as a cross-sectional case study in which the data are collected from two Kurdish-speaking Broca’s aphasia patients. The results indicated that there was no task effect observed in this study; the two patients in the two tasks showed the least deficits in grammatical agreement and the most deficits in grammatical aspect. This finding is in line with Freidmann and Grodzinsky’s structural and hierarchical account of functional categories entitled Tree Pruning Hypothesis (TPH), although some minor findings of this study such as object agreement can be challenging for this account.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do evento piramidado (MON 89034), que expressa as proteínas Cry1A.105 e Cry2Ab2, no controle dos principais lepidópteros-praga da cultura do milho no Brasil, Spodoptera frugiperda, Helicoverpa spp. e Diatraea saccharalis. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em quatro regiões do país, com o híbrido DKB 390, submetido a seis tratamentos: híbrido com o evento piramidado, híbrido com o evento que expressa apenas a proteína Cry1A(b) (MON 810) e híbrido convencional (não Bt), todos com e sem manejo integrado de S. frugiperda. Para o evento piramidado, não foi necessário o controle químico em nenhum dos locais avaliados. Diferenças significativas foram observadas entre os tratamentos quanto aos danos e à presença de lagartas. Em geral, essas variáveis foram mais baixas no híbrido com o evento piramidado e mais altas no híbrido convencional, sem controle químico. Sob alta infestação, o controle químico reduziu os danos causados por S. frugiperda e D. saccharalis, tanto no evento que expressa apenas uma proteína, como no híbrido convencional. Com base nos danos causados pelos insetos, o evento piramidado Cry1A.105 e Cry2Ab2 é eficiente no controle dos principais lepidópteros-pragas do milho no Brasil.

Se prevé que el cambio del clima modifique el actual patrón espacial del cultivo del café en las laderas montañosas de Colombia. No obstante, las aproximaciones utilizadas para llegar a estos resultados se basan en el uso de modelos climáticos (globales y regionales) así como modelos de distribución de especies que, en gran medida, se soportan en el concepto de nicho. Con el fin de evaluar la certidumbre de los resultados obtenidos con dichos modelos, se plantea una metodología en la que se utilizan datos de estaciones meteorológicas y un índice de tipo agroclimático (tiempo térmico) cuya unidad son los grados día. Se determinó la mejor aproximación para el cálculo del tiempo térmico y se generaron los acumulados mensuales multianuales de grados día cafeto y grados día broca (utilizando el método del triángulo sencillo) usando los datos diarios de temperaturas extremas de estaciones meteorológicas con información histórica superior a 20 años. Se empleó el análisis de tendencias no paramétrico (prueba de Mann-Kendall) y el análisis de correlación para determinar efectos de la variabilidad climática, asociada a la ocurrencia de los fenómenos de El Niño y La Niña, sobre el tiempo térmico de las dos especies mencionadas. Se encontraron tendencias positivas significativas de los grados día broca y los grados día cafeto en las alturas sobre el nivel del mar óptimas, reportadas por diferentes autores para estas especies; es decir, los óptimos actuales se hacen cada vez más aptos para las dos especies analizadas.

ResumoNos insetos, o corpo gorduroso pode ser considerado um centro de metabolismo intermediário e também o local de síntese de alguns componentes da hemolinfa. Com objetivo de obter maiores informações sobre essa estrutura, foi realizado um estudo para a sua caracterização morfológica em adultos de Hedypathes betulinus Klug. Os resultados mostram que a estrutura ocorre em duas porções, a primeira, aderida ao trato digestivo e a segunda, associada ao tegumento, denominando-se, corpo gorduroso perivisceral e parietal, respectivamente. Histologicamente o corpo gorduroso apresenta dois tipos celulares, os trofócitos e os enócitos. Os trofócitos apresentam na área citoplasmática, vacúolos, núcleos esféricos, cromatina granular com variações na condensação, e em alguns casos, foram observados núcleos deslocados para a periferia celular. A presença de nucléolos múltiplos em algumas células sugere alta atividade nuclear. Os enócitos foram observados associados aos trofócitos, com núcleos centrais de formato esférico e cromatina de aspecto granular dispersa; os nucléolos apresentaram-se proeminentes em número variável e diferem dos trofócitos pela ausência de vacúolos, citoplasma granular, formato e tamanho das células.AbstractIn insects, the fat body may be considered a center of intermediary metabolism and also the site of synthesis of some components of the hemolymph. Aiming to obtain more knowledge about this structure, a study for characterization of morphological Hedypathes betulinus Klug was carried out. The results show that it takes place in two parts: the first one is adhered to the digestive tract, and the second one, associated with the coat, called the fat body and parietal perivisceral, respectively. Histologically the fat body is composed of two cell types, the trophocytes and the oenocites. The trophocytes present, in its cytoplasmic, vacuoles, spherical nuclei, granular chromatin with variations in condensation, and in some cases, it was observed nuclei displaced to periphery cells. The presence of multiple nucleoli in some cells suggests high nuclear activity. The oenocites were observed associated with trophocytes with central nuclei of spherical shape and granular appearance, dispersed chromatin, the nucleoli were prominent in variable number and differ from trophocytes by the absence of vacuoles, cytoplasm granular, shape and size of cells.

We describe three cases of aphasia in patients who were internationally famous historical personalities, such as the case of Mr. Leborgne ("Tan") published by Paul Broca in 1861, which became a reference for the study of aphasias. The other cases described here are those of the Russian revolutionary and politician Vladimir Ilyitch Ulianov (Lenin) ("Vot-vot") and the French poet Charles Baudelaire ("Cré nom!"). Besides their historical relevance and the clinical picture of aphasia, these three cases share as a common feature the occurrence of speech automatisms or stereotypes.

Objective: It has been many years that brain lesion analysis of different aphasia Syndromes has led the foundation to investigate the language representation and organization in the brain. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between brain lesion location and Broca's aphasia and Wernecke's aphasia in Persian speakers with stroke. Materials & Methods: In a single system design study, from 120 patients with stroke attending Emam Khomeyni and Loghman hospitals, Rofeyde, Karaj neurology, and Tabassom speech clinics and according to the Farsi Aphasia Test (FAT), syntactic comprehension subscale of Bilingual Aphasia Test (BAT), Farsi Aphasia Naming Test, and Apraxia Assessment inventory, only 9 patients with Broca’s aphasia and 2 with Wernicke’s aphasia were qualified to participate in this study. Patients’ brain lesion sites were determined by MRI. Patients with Broca’s aphasia were 5 male and 4 female Wernecke’s aphasia patients were 2 male. Results: External capsule-insula, rolandic operculum, inferior frontal gyrus, (precentral gyrus and postcentarl gyrus), and the anterior part of temporal gyrus were damaged in Broca’s aphasia patients (64±12.51 years old) and the lesions of external capsule-insula, posterior part of temporal gyrus, anterior part of temporal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule were observed in Wernicke’s aphasia patients (66±8.48 years old). Conclusion: In no patient with Broca’s aphasia or Wernicke’s aphasia brain lesion confined only to Broca’s area or Wernicke’s area respectively. However, due to the limited number of participants in the present study, the extrapolation of the findings to other subjects with Broca’s or Wernicke’s aphasia would certainly be difficult.

OBJETIVOS: analizar los sonidos [+ líquidos] en dos tipos de estructura silábica en la producción de habla de 35 hablantes de español con afasia de Broca con el fin de determinar si dichas estructuras se conservan o se pierden. MÉTODOS: se utilizó una muestra de habla obtenida a partir de conversaciones grabadas con 35 pacientes, 12 hombres y 23 mujeres, con afasia de Broca. A partir de esa muestra se seleccionaron las producciones silábicas de estructura CCV y de estructura CV para determinar las frecuencias respectivas y los posibles errores o sustituciones de fonemas. RESULTADOS: del total de estructuras silábicas analizadas ninguna mostró una estructura diferente a la de la sílaba española. Tanto la estructura CCV como la CV se han mantenido en la muestra de habla afásica analizada. Ninguno de los errores observados contiene secuencias de sonidos mal formadas. CONCLUSIONES: independientemente de los procesos de reducción, asimilación, sustitución, elisión de segmentos, se ha podido determinar que en la producción de habla de los sujetos afásicos hay un gran apego a la estructura silábica. Se sugiere, además, que la sílaba es una unidad funcional que se codifica en el nivel de programación fonética.PURPOSE: to analyze the [+liquid] phonemes in two types of syllabic structure in production of speech of 35 Venezuelan subjects whit Broca's aphasia, with the purpose of determining if these structures are conserved or lost. METHODS: a sample of speech was used. It was obtained from conversations recorded with the subjects, 12 men and 23 women. From that sample, the syllabic productions with CCV and CV structure were selected in order to determine the frequencies and the possible errors or substitutions. RESULTS: from the total of analyzed syllabic structures, all of them showed a similar structure to the Spanish syllable. The CCV and CV structures were maintained. None of the observed errors contained sequences of badly formed sounds. CONCLUSIONS: it was possible to determine that in the production of speech of the aphasic subjects there is a great link with the syllabic structure, regardless of the reduction, assimilation, substitution, and elision processes. In addition, it is suggested that the syllable is a functional unit codified in the level of phonetic programming.

Objetivando-se determinar a incidência de pragas Leucoptera coffeella (GUÉRIN-MENÉVILLE, 1842) e Hypothenemus hampei (FERRARI, 1867) e doenças Hemileia vastatrix (BERK e BROOME, 1869) e Cercospora coffeicola (BERK e CURTIS, 1880), durante o período de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2002, foram selecionados três agroecossistemas com produção de café orgânico conduzidos por agricultores familiares do município de Poço Fundo-MG. O agroecossistema I possui 2.200 pés da cultivar 'Catuaí Vermelho' em espaçamento 2,5 x 1,3 m (0,72 ha). O agroecossistema II possui 2.000 pés ('Catuaí Vermelho') em espaçamento 2,8 x 1,0 m (0,56 ha). O agroecossistema III possui 1.100 pés ('Icatu Amarelo') em espaçamento 3,0 x 0,9 m (0,36 ha). A determinação da incidência de L. coffeella, C. coffeicola e H. vastatrix foi realizada mediante levantamentos mensais. A determinação da infecção por C. coffeicola em frutos foi realizada nos meses de abril, maio e junho de 2001 e 2002. O levantamento da infestação por H. hampei foi realizado nos meses de janeiro a junho/julho de cada ano. Determinou-se que a infestação por L. coffeella ultrapassou 20% no terço superior (principalmente no período seco). A infestação por H. hampei atingiu o nível de dano somente no agroecossistema I, em 2001, e no agroecossistema III, em 2002. A infecção por H. vastatrix no agroecossistema III não atingiu nível de dano em conseqüência da tolerância da cultivar ('Icatu') à infecção por esse fungo; porém, nos agroecossistemas I e II ('Catuaí Vermelho'), a infecção na lavoura ultrapassou o nível de 10% (principalmente no período seco). A infecção por C. coffeicola em folhas e frutos atingiu níveis elevados (período seco). A produtividade do agroecossistema I, em 2001, foi de 510 Kg ha-1 e, em 2002, de 2.340 Kg ha-1; no agroecossistema II, em 2001, foi de 420 Kg ha-1 e, em 2002, de 1.290 Kg ha-1; e, no agroecossistema III, foi praticamente zero, em 2001, e em 2002, de 2.010 Kg ha-1.Having as an aim the determination of insect plagues, Leucoptera coffeella (GUÉRIN-MENÉVILLE, 1842) and Hypothenemus hampei (FERRARI, 1867) and diseases incidence Hemileia vastatrix (BERK e BROOME, 1869) and Cercospora coffeicola (BERK e CURTIS, 1880) during the period from January of 2001 to December of 2002, three agroecosystems with production of organic coffee conducted by familiar farmers of the city of Poço Fundo-MG were selected. The agroecosystem I possesses 2.200 plants of the cultivar 'Red Catuai' spaced 2,5 x 1,3 m (0,72 ha). The agroecosystem II has 2.000 plants ('Red Catuai') spaced 2,8 x 1,0 m (0,56 ha). The agroecosystem III possesses 1.100 feet ('Yellow Icatu') spaced 3,0 x 0,9 m (0,36 ha). The determination of the incidence of L. coffeella, C. coffeicola and H. vastatrix was accomplished starting from monthly surveys. The determination of the infection for C. coffeicola in fruits was accomplished in the months of April, May and June of 2001 and 2002. The survey of the infestation by H. hampei was accomplished from January to June/July of each year. It was determined that the infestation by L. coffeella has reached over 20% in the upper third (mainly during the dry period). The infestation by H. hampei has reached the damage level only in the agroecosystem I on 2001 and agroecosystem III on 2002. The infection by H. vastatrix in the agroecosystem III did not reach the damage level due to the tolerance of the cultivar ('Yellow Icatu') to the infection by this fungus, however, the agroecosystem I and II ('Red Catuai') the infection in the field exceeded 10% (dry period). The infection by C. coffeicola in leaves and fruits reached high levels (dry period). The productivity of the agroecosystem I was 510 Kg ha-1 on 2001 and 2.340 Kg ha-1 on 2002, in the agroecosystem II, it was 420 Kg ha-1 on 2001 and 1.290 Kg ha-1 on 2002, and in the agroecosystem III, it was practically zero on 2001 and 2.010 Kg ha-1 on 2002.

Schizophrenia is postulated to be the prototypical dysconnection disorder, in which hallucinations are the core symptom. Due to high heterogeneity in methodology across studies and the clinical phenotype, it remains unclear whether the structural brain dysconnection is global or focal and if clinical symptoms result from this dysconnection. In the present work, we attempt to clarify this issue by studying a population considered as a homogeneous genetic sub-type of schizophrenia, namely the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). Cerebral MRIs were acquired for 46 patients and 48 age and gender matched controls (aged 6 to 26, respectively mean age = 15.20 ± 4.53 and 15.28 ± 4.35 years old). Using the Connectome mapper pipeline (connectomics.org) that combines structural and diffusion MRI, we created a whole brain network for each individual. The graph theory was used to quantify the global and local properties in the brain network organization for each participant. A global degree loss of 6% was found in patients’ network along with an increased Characteristic Path Length. After identifying and comparing hubs, a significant loss of degree in patients’ hubs was found in 58% of them. Based on Allen’s brain network model for hallucinations, we explored the association between local efficiency and symptom severity. Negative correlations were found in the Broca’s area (p

Research on the evolutionary basis of the human language faculty has proposed the mirror neuron system as a link between motor processing and speech development. Consequently, most work has focussed on the left inferior frontal cortex, in particular Broca's region, and the left inferior parietal cortex. However, the direct link between planning of hand motor and speech actions remains to be elucidated. Thus, the present study investigated whether sequencing of hand motor actions vs. speech motor actions has a common neural denominator. For the hand motor task, 25 subjects performed single, repeated, or sequenced button presses with either the left or right hand. The speech task was in analogy; the same subjects produced the syllable "po" once or repeatedly, or a sequence of different syllables (po-pi-po). Speech motor vs. hand motor effectors resulted in increased perisylvian activation including Broca's region (left area 44 and areas medially adjacent to left area 45). In contrast, common activation for sequenced vs. repeated production of button presses and syllables revealed the effector-independent involvement of left area 7A in the superior parietal lobule (SPL) in sequencing. These data demonstrate that sequencing of vocal gestures, an important precondition for ordered utterances and ultimately human speech, shares area 7A, rather than inferior parietal regions, as a common cortical module with hand motor sequencing. Interestingly, area 7A has previously also been shown to be involved in the observation of hand and non-hand actions. In combination with the literature, the present data thus suggest a distinction between area 44, which is specifically recruited for (cognitive aspects of) speech, and SPL area 7A for general aspects of motor sequencing. In sum, the study demonstrates a yet little considered role of the superior parietal lobule in the origins of speech, and may be discussed in the light of embodiment of speech and language in the motor system.

Primates often rely on vocal communication to mediate social interactions. Although much is known about the acoustic structure of primate vocalizations and the social context in which they are usually uttered, our knowledge about the neocortical control of audio-vocal interactions in primates is still incipient, being mostly derived from lesion studies in squirrel monkeys and macaques. To map the neocortical areas related to vocal control in a New World primate species, the common marmoset, we employed a method previously used with success in other vertebrate species: Analysis of the expression of the immediate-early gene Egr-1 in freely behaving animals. The neocortical distribution of Egr-1 immunoreactive cells in three marmosets that were exposed to the playback of conspecific vocalizations and vocalized spontaneously (H/V group) was compared to data from three other marmosets that also heard the playback but did not vocalize (H/n group). The anterior cingulate cortex, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex presented a higher number of Egr-1 immunoreactive cells in the H/V group than in H/n animals. Our results provide direct evidence that the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the region that comprises Broca's area in humans and has been associated with auditory processing of species-specific vocalizations and orofacial control in macaques, is engaged during vocal output in marmosets. Altogether, our results support the notion that the network of neocortical areas related to vocal communication in marmosets is quite similar to that of Old world primates. The vocal production role played by these areas and their importance for the evolution of speech in primates are discussed.

As ocorrências de Pantophthalmus kerteszianus Enderlein e P. chuni Enderlein são registradas pela primeira vez em reflorestamentos com paricá [Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S. F. Blake var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby] no Estado do Pará, Município de Paragominas. Considerando que o Pará possui a maior área plantada de paricá no Brasil, existe o risco de esses insetos tornarem-se pragas importantes dessa cultura. doi: 10.4336/2010.pfb.30.61.71

The role of Broca's area in sentence processing remains controversial. According to one view, Broca's area is involved in processing a subcomponent of syntactic processing. Another view holds that it contributes to sentence processing via verbal working memory. Sub-regions of Broca's area have been identified that are more active during the processing of complex (object-relative clause) sentences compared to simple (subject-relative clause) sentences. The present study aimed to determine if this complexity effect can be accounted for in terms of the articulatory rehearsal component of verbal working memory. In a behavioral experiment, subjects were asked to comprehend sentences during concurrent speech articulation which minimizes articulatory rehearsal as a resource for sentence comprehension. A finger-tapping task was used as a control concurrent task. Only the object-relative clause sentences were more difficult to comprehend during speech articulation than during the manual task, showing that articulatory rehearsal does contribute to sentence processing. A second experiment used fMRI to document the brain regions underlying this effect. Subjects judged the plausibility of sentences during speech articulation, a finger-tapping task, or without a concurrent task. In the absence of a secondary task, Broca's area (pars triangularis and pars opercularis) demonstrated an increase in activity as a function of syntactic complexity. However, during concurrent speech articulation (but not finger-tapping) this complexity effect was eliminated in the pars opercularis suggesting that this region supports sentence comprehension via its role in articulatory rehearsal. Activity in the pars triangularis was modulated by the finger-tapping task, but not the speech articulation task.

La "Broca del café" nunca ha existido en el citado país. Como se verá, si nosotros nos sorprendimos con la noticia del señor Chardón que anunciaba la existencia de la plaga en Haití, más sorprendido quedó el entomólogo oficial de aquel país, por la falsedad del hecho. Los cafetales de Haití no están por lo tanto amenazados por la "Broca del café" y mucho menos las plantaciones de Colombia. Esta rectificación la registramos con gran placer, para que las instituciones oficiales y los cultivadores de estos países vean al temeroso enemigo muy distante de sus puertas.