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Introduction: During surgical training, residents invest great efforts to achieve optimal performance. However, as a result of the highest demands and poor resources at work, they experience varying degrees of burnout, stress and poor well-being. The recovery strategies to work represent a promising area of development to modify these negative results. Our goal is to synthesize the available evidence. Methods: Based on the theoretical framework of positive organizational psychology, in this narrative review we synthesized the evidence from original studies published between 2010-2019, regarding to four recovery strategies: 1) psychological detachment from work, 2) relaxation, 3) control of free time, and 4) search for challenges outside of work. Results: A total of 18 studies were included. Most of the interventions are based on mindfulness as a relaxation strategy, but its effectiveness in reducing stress levels among surgery residents is poor. The literature is limited to conclude the effectiveness of the other groups of recovery strategies. Conclusion: Most strategies for work recovery in surgery residents are in an initial development. Its effectiveness is limited in reducing stress and professional burnout. These results offer opportunities for future research.

Introduction and purpose: There exist several factors affecting the academic performance of students some of which improve academic performance, whereas some factors exert adverse effects on education. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and academic burnout among students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive-analytical study included general medical students out of whom 285 students were selected as the research population by simple random sampling. Data collection instruments included Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow Mental rumination questionnaire and Breso›s academic burnout questionnaire. Subsequently, the data were analyzed using the correlation method. Results: Based on the results of the current study, a positive and significant relationship was reported between rumination and burnout in both groups of girls and boys. The correlation coefficient between rumination and burnout in girls was measured at (r=0/335; sig=0/000) and (r=0/250; sig=0/012), respectively. Furthermore, this study revealed that rumination (F=3.339) and academic years (F=3/683) were found to be influential factors affecting academic burnout. However, the effect of rumination on academic burnout in terms of the academic year was not significant. Conclusion: The results indicated a positive and significant relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and academic burnout. Excessive stress, as well as long working hours and years of study, predisposes medical students to obsessive-compulsive disorder and in turn to academic burnout.

Objectives: Medical professionals are exposed to many job stressors everyday, which can lead to psychological disturbances as well as burnout syndrome. We sought to assess the level of burnout among primary care physicians (PCPs) in Oman and explore risk factors for its development. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, analytical study among a random cluster sample of 190 PCP working in Muscat, Oman. Indices of burnout (emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA)) were noted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS). We also used a questionnaire to obtain sociodemographic and job characteristics data. We used a binary logistic regression model and both unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios for statistical analysis. Results: The prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions was 6.3%. High levels of MBI-HSS subscales were reported on EE, DP and PA with 17.8%, 38.2%, and 21.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed that working over 40 hours per week was the most important risk factor for burnout among PCPs. Conclusions: A total of 6.3% of PCPs working in urban areas in Oman suffered burnout. Long working hours was strongly associated with high occupational burnout. Solutions to eliminate or decrease the rate of burnout involve institutional changes, primarily respecting weekly working hours, and in more severe cases psychotherapy help is very important.

ABSTRACT Objective: To correlate the indicators of job satisfaction, factors of occupational stress and professional exhaustion among nurse managers and care nurses in Primary Health Care. Method: Descriptive, exploratory field study conducted in 45 units of Primary Health Care in Brazil. The following instruments were used for data collection: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Work Stress Scale, Burnout Characterization Scale and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire - S20/23. Results: Participation of 122 nurses (47.5% managers; 62.5% care), 32% had considerable stress levels, indicators of emotional exhaustion, dehumanization and disappointment at work in moderate to high levels. The indicator of satisfaction with the physical work environment did not show significance with variables of professional exhaustion, while satisfaction with hierarchical relations and intrinsic job satisfaction are strongly correlated. Conclusion: There is an association between organizational problems and working conditions that hinder nurses' work. Regardless of the position, job satisfaction is inversely proportional to burnout.

Introduction: The contact which occurs between a medical professional and a patient involves the occurrence of phenomena concerning the control of emotions, called emotional labour. The aim of the paper was to review specialist literature relating to emotional labour present in medical occupations. Material and method: With the use of EBSCO, Medline, ScienceDirect, Ovid MEDLINE databases and the PubMed search engine, relevant English-language full text articles published in 2010– 2017 were selected. Results: Sixty-two articles were selected that complied with the assumed criteria for the description of the issue. The articles concerned four thematic groups: emotional labour occurrence in various medical professions, the intrapersonal aspects of emotional labour, the interpersonal and organisational aspects of emotional labour and the negative consequences of emotional labour. Conclusions: The number of review and source articles confirming the presence of emotional labour in medical professions is growing year by year. In the health care system, emotional labour is still not a widely acknowledged phenomenon, with hardly any specialist training courses aimed at employees, and few organisational changes that would favour constructive methods of copying with the negative consequences of emotional labour.

Abstract Background & aim: Emotion regulation strategies are so important in the job burnout and marital satisfaction. Here we investigate the relationships between cognitive emotion regulation strategies, job burnout and marital satisfaction among female nurses. Material & Methods: In this descriptive-correlation study, participants included 140 female nurses were practitioner in hospitals in Ardabil (including nurses, nursing technicians and nursing assistants and were selected through convenience sampling and respect to inclusion and exclusion criteria. To gather the data, the short form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies questionnaire, Job Burnout and Mslesh Marital Adjustment questionnaires were applied. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including correlation and stepwise regression. Results: The results of data analysis indicated that acceptance strategies, positive reappraisal and rumination strategies are able to significantly predict marital satisfaction and blaming others. Acceptance and rumination strategies have significant ability to predict job burnout in women in nursing. Also, between marital satisfaction, job burnout and maladaptive emotion regulation strategies was a significant inverse relationship, and between marital satisfaction, job burnout and adaptive emotion regulation strategies was a significant direct relationship. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed the relationship between cognitive emotion regulation strategies, marital satisfaction and job burnout among nurses. It is suggested that emotion regulation strategies should be used in educational and prevention programs for nurses as an effective factor associated with marital satisfaction and job burnout.

RESUMO Objetivo Investigar o perfil das habilidades auditivas de fechamento e figura-fundo e fatores relacionados à atenção, comunicação e saúde de controladores de tráfego aéreo (CTA) de aproximação de aeronaves e comparar com os de outros profissionais civis e militares. Método Participaram 60 adultos com limiares audiométricos normais reunidos em dois grupos, pareados por idade e gênero: o grupo estudo formado por 30 profissionais do Controle de Aproximação de aeronaves e o controle, por 30 outros servidores civis e militares. Todos foram submetidos a perguntas relacionadas à atenção, comunicação e saúde e ao Teste de Fala com Ruído e de Identificação de Sentenças Sintéticas em escuta monótica (SSI) para avaliar fechamento e figura-fundo, respectivamente. Foram usados testes estatísticos não paramétricos e análise de regressão logística. Resultados O CTA autorreferiu maior cansaço/esgotamento e estresse e obteve melhor desempenho do que o grupo controle em figura-fundo e semelhante em fechamento. Foi observado que ocorreu uma probabilidade de ser CTA para o estresse em 5,59 vezes e para identificação de sentenças em escuta monótica à orelha direita de 1,24. Conclusão Fechamento e autorrelato de dificuldades de saúde, comunicação e atenção na maioria das questões foram similares em ambos os grupos. Figura-fundo foi significativamente melhor em CTA. Autorreferência de estresse e desempenho à orelha direita no SSI foram preditores significantes do indivíduo ser do CTA.

Lebanon. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out between March and July 2018, enrolling 435 pharmacists, using a proportionate random sample of community pharmacies from all districts of Lebanon. The validated Arabic translation of the Short-Form 12 (SF12v2) was used to derive 2 summary scores: physical and mental component summaries (PCS and MCS). Results: Lebanese community pharmacists scored a mean PCS-12 and MCS-12 of 48.9 (SD 7.1) and 48.8 (SD 8.5), respectively. Higher age (Beta= -0.08), having a PhD degree (Beta= -4.54), higher depression score (Beta= -0.25), higher emotional work fatigue (Beta= -0.13) and higher physical work fatigue (Beta=-0.14) were significantly associated with lower physical QoL (lower PCS-12 scores). Increased stress (Beta= -0.17), higher insomnia (Beta= -0.21), higher depression (Beta= -0.2) and working for over 40 hours per week (Beta= -0.2) were significantly associated with lower mental QoL (lower mental MCS-12 scores). Conclusions: Our research has found a strong correlation between quality of life and psychological factors, including stress, burnout, insomnia, and depression among community pharmacists.

Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia de síndrome de burnout según el tipo de especialidad médica, así como valorar el impacto de los factores de riesgo psicosocial, la satisfacción laboral y las características profesionales sobre el síndrome de desgaste profesional en el personal médico especialista en todo el Estado español. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado sobre una muestra de 1.021 médicos especialistas. Las variables respuesta son las 3 dimensiones del síndrome de burnout: cansancio emocional, despersonalización y logros personales. Las variables explicativas son los factores de riesgo psicosocial y las fuentes de satisfacción laboral, valorados por una escala específica diseñada para médicos. Se han calculado las odds ratio ajustadas y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% por regresión logística. Resultados: La probabilidad de presentar un elevado cansancio emocional y despersonalización es mayor en los profesionales expuestos a un alto nivel de contacto con el sufrimiento y la muerte, y conlleva un impacto negativo del trabajo en la vida familiar. La probabilidad de presentar un elevado cansancio emocional es mayor en los que tienen una alta sobrecarga de trabajo. El riesgo de obtener bajos logros personales es mayor en las personas que presentan una baja satisfacción con respecto a las recompensas profesionales y en las que no realizan actividades de docencia. La insatisfacción con la calidad de las relaciones con los pacientes y sus familiares influye negativamente en las 3 dimensiones del burnout. Conclusiones: El ambiente psicosocial y la satisfacción laboral influyen negativamente en el síndrome de burnout, y afectan a las dimensiones de cansancio emocional y despersonalización.Objectives: To describe the prevalence of burnout syndrome according to medical specialty and to examine the impact of work psychosocial risk factors, job satisfaction and professional characteristics on burnout syndrome among specialist physicians throughout Spain. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 1,021 Spanish physicians. The outcome variables were the 3 dimensions of burnout syndrome: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment. The explanatory variables were work psychosocial risk factors and job satisfaction evaluated by a stress scale specifically designed for physicians. Adjusted odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated by logistic regression. Results: The probability of high emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were greater in physicians exposed to a high level of contact with suffering and death and to a negative impact of work on home life. The probability of high emotional exhaustion was greater among physicians with a high work overload. The risk of low personal accomplishment was higher among physicians with low professional satisfaction and those without training activities. Dissatisfaction with relationships with patients and relatives had a negative effect on the 3 dimensions of burnout. Conclusions: Psychosocial work environment and job satisfaction have a negative effect on burnout syndrome, especially on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.

The study aimed to identify stress levels, areas and their activities identified as stressful by nurses working in the emergence in Manaus, AM, Brazil. It is an epidemiological, cross-sectional design, with 36 emergency nurses from December 2010 to January 2011. The Bianchi Stress Scale with 57 questions was used. The nurses were at risk for high levels of stress. The most stressful areas were the operation of the unit, conditions of work and personnel administration, and the most stressful activity was the request for equipment review and repair. The difference by Friedman test between the areas was significant (p

Relata a comparação do nível de stress no desempenho das atividades do enfermeiro de instituição hospitalar em unidades consideradas abertas e fechadas. Constatou-se que os enfermeiros que atuam em unidades abertas obtiveram maior nível de stress do que aqueles que trabalham em unidades fechadas e praticamente a atuação relacionada à administração de pessoal foi considerada estressante para a totalidade de enfermeiros. E necessária a educação do enfermeiro para minimizar esses fatores estressantes.This study is a comparison between hospital nurses who work in 'open and closed" units. In open units, patient and his family have free transit and in closed units, like critical care unit, patient and his family have limitation in transit. The results demonstrated that nurses who worked in open unit had higher stress score than nurses in closed units. For both groups, personal administration had high stress score. The nurses' education is important to improve her performance.

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a síndrome de "burnout" e as estratégias de "coping" de jogadores de vôlei de praia. Participaram 93 atletas, das categorias sub-21 e "open" do circuito brasileiro de vôlei de praia. Como instrumentos foram utilizados uma ficha com dados de identificação, Questionário de "Burnout" para Atletas e Inventário Atlético das Estratégias de "Coping". Para análise dos dados utilizou-se teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, coeficiente Alpha de Cronbach, teste 'U' de Mann-Whitney, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman, adotando p < 0,05. Verificou-se correlação significativa e negativa entre as dimensões do "burnout" e estratégias de "coping". Para as dimensões do "burnout", apenas "ranking" obteve diferença significativa, enquanto para as estratégias de "coping", gênero, categoria, "ranking" e tempo de prática apresentaram diferenças significativas. Concluiu-se que quanto maior a síndrome de "burnout", menor é a utilização de estratégias de "coping" em atletas de vôlei de praia.This study aimed to analyze burnout syndrome and coping strategies of beach volleyball players. Ninety-three athletes participated, being one group of under-21 age and another group of adult category. The both group are composed by players of the Brazilian beach volleyball championship. The instruments used were a form with data identification, Burnout Questionnaire for Athletes and Athletic Inventory of Coping Strategies. For data analysis, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, 'U' Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient, were used, considering p < 0.05. There was a significant and negative correlation between the dimensions of burnout and coping strategies. For the dimensions of burnout, just ranking obtained significant difference, while for coping strategies, gender, category, ranking and practice time showed significant differences. It was concluded that the higher burnout, fewer beach volleyball athletes use coping strategies.

OBJECTIVE: This study was proposed to estimate the effectiveness of different screening methods of the Burnout Syndrome among dental students. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The Burnout Syndrome assessment was performed using the Oldenburg Inventory-Student survey (OLBI-SS) and the Copenhagen Inventory-Student survey (CBI‑SS). The Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student survey (MBI-SS) was used as the gold standard. The psychometric properties of the instruments were measured. The second-order hierarchical model was estimated to calculate the overall scores for OLBI-SS and CBI-SS, and ROC curves were constructed and the areas were estimated (AUROC). RESULT: A total of 235 undergraduate students participated in this study. The instruments showed an adequate reliability and validity; however three questions had to be removed from OLBI-SS and one from CBI-SS. The Exhaustion dimension of OLBI-SS, and Personal Burnout and Study related Burnout of CBI-SS presented a good discriminating capacity. CONCLUSION: CBI-SS showed higher discriminating capacity, than OLBI-SS, to identify the Burnout Syndrome (DAUROC=.172 [.103-.240]; p

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar os elementos que caracterizam o burnout em trabalhadores de um hospital universitário do município de Belém, estado do Pará, Brasil. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa e de delineamento transversal, investigando-se 62 trabalhadores. Verificou-se alto índice de prevalência. Embora alguns resultados não confirmem a literatura, deve-se ressaltar que a maioria das categorias profissionais ainda não havia sido estudada adotando-se essa metodologia, o que impede comparações mais consistentes. Sugere-se que as condições de trabalho podem ser mais responsáveis pelos sintomas do burnout do que as características isoladas dos profissionais.