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Brain Areas Implied in Language Learning. Tongue and Brain ABSTRACT: this work aims to present an in-depth theoretical study on the close relationship between brain and language learning, specifically on the brain processes involved in language learning. As has already been approved by many sciences and by many scholars, learning is a complex process that involves many cognitive aspects; so many researchers have tried to carry out research to explain how learning occurs in the brain. RIASSUNTO: Il presente lavoro mira a presentare uno studio teorico approfondito sulla stretta relazione tra cervello e apprendimento linguistico, precisamente sui processi cerebrali coinvolti durante l’apprendimento delle lingue. Come è già stato approvato da tante scienze e da tanti studiosi, l’apprendimento è un processo complesso che implica tanti aspetti cognitivi, perciò tanti studiosi hanno cercato di compiere ricerche affinchè spieghino come avviene l’apprendimento nel cervello.

Tutti i lettori hanno sperimentato quanto un libro (e qui si parla di un libro che contenga una storia, intesa come racconto) sia in grado di “crescere” e far crescere chi lo legge. Ma in che senso le storie “crescono” e crescono dentro di noi? E perché, in genere, ci affascinano? In questo saggio si ipotizza che le storie siano un nutrimento indispensabile per il nostro cervello e il nostro corpo.

If, by “Babel”, we mean the set languages that have appeared in the world, we may want to research the ‘boundaries of Babel’ by asking whether the expansion of Babel is prevented (i.e., whether unobserved languages are impossible languages), and, if so, by which factors. The boundaries of Babel are being explored by partnerships of linguists and neuroscientists. Neo-chomskian approaches find evidence of neural networks dedicated to language processing, and study how these networks constrain the space of possible grammars, whereas lexico-grammar looks at neuroscientific evidence that syntax is not a separate function in the brain. Research questions also expand beyond a tight focus on the brain-language relationship. By “foundations of Babel” we refer to broader, ancient brain functions in which articulated language is embedded. Imitation can be one of those functions. “Physics of Babel” refers to many extra-brain factors that are lacking in non-human species, and that together make language possible. Research on the boundaries of Babel is a fascinating and open scenario, not only interdisciplinary, but also multi-directional, beyond the language function and beyond the exclusive role of the brain.