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The research is based on a literature review focused on early supplier involvement in new product development processes while working towards Lean production, especially for the automotive industry, where all actors must be fast and accurate. For practitioners, early supplier involvement is a topic that deserves serious attention since it impacts on decentralisation, promoting gains in quality, quantity, and execution time, as well as cost reduction and/or the acquisition of technical knowledge in developing products and production processes. The authors first introduce the key concepts, issues, and theoretical foundations concerning early supplier involvement challenges and new product development within organisations that affect their core processes and outsourcing strategies when seeking collaboration to develop more sophisticated technologies that a new product requires. The authors critically explore these issues, especially concerning earlier supplier involvement and its connection to the Lean philosophy, pursuing process tunning, considering production quantity, quality, and time, as well as avoiding penalising interruption within the automotive industry. The study provides the first critical review of potential challenges for a successful early supply involvement and, consequently, a successful new product development process decentralisation and the acquisition of technical knowledge in developing products and production processes needed to satisfy customers.

Background: As the tremendous impact of extreme workloads, arduous working conditions, and disorganization disrupt humane job definitions in some industries, the need for workplace re-articulation was interfered to ameliorate psycho-social factors and suggest organizational intervention strategies. Especially for colossally wounded health-care (HC) systems, today it is now even more unrealizable to retain workforce resilience considering the immense impact of overwhelming working conditions. Methods: This study introduces employment of concurrent engineering tools to re-design humane workplaces annihilating abatement over devoured resources. The study handles HC-workforce resilience in a pioneering motive to introduce transformation of well-known motivators and proposes solutions for retention and resilience issues grounding on HC workers’ own voice. Results: The proposed adjustable approach introduces integral use of focus group studies, SWARA, and QFD methods, and was practiced on a real-world case regarding Turkish HC workforce. The paper also presents widespread effects of findings by tendering generalized psycho-social rehabilitation strategies. Results confirmed the modifications of the most potent incessant motivators. Conclusion: “Burn out issues” and “Challenging work” were found as the most important motivator and satisfier, respectively, to be exigently fulfilled. Corrective interventions, required resolutions, and workplace articulation connotations were arbitrated in terms of entire outcomes on four dimensions in three different planning periods considering the current status, repercussions of pandemic, and contingency of similar catastrophes. Descriptive illustrations were additionally presented to support deducted interpretations.

The three-dimensional (3D) product model has become a tool that has transitioned from a legacy instrument, used in design, to an emerging technology applied to production and assembly processes. As this evolution has occurred, the need has developed to understand the value of deploying the 3D product model beyond the design phase. This research answers the question and solves the problem, does electronic documentation inclusive of the 3D product model add to the production workers’ ability to complete the production task? To answer this question, the methods used were that the research team tested how accurately and quickly a production and assembly team could build the product using interactive, electronic documentation, including the 3D product model, as a means to understand the design intent as opposed to printed bills of materials (BOMs) and two-dimensional (2D) paper drawings. The conclusions that can be drawn from this research are that the research found statistically significant improvements in the production throughput time (~10%), reductions in the direct labor hours per unit (~14%), and retained quality levels, when deploying electronic documentation, including the 3D product model, into the production and assembly processes. Through the deployment of the interactive 3D product model electronic documentation to the production floor, the organization also took a step towards creating a digital twin of the produced product and laid a foundation for the further adoption of Industry 4.0 practices. The novelty of the work and the areas where it goes beyond previous efforts in the literature concerns the current body of knowledge that does not demonstrate a repeatable methodology through which industry and other researchers can replicate the experiment on demonstrating economic value when deploying the 3D product model to production and assembly processes. In this paper, the authors aim to build on prior work to demonstrate a repeatable methodology for determining the economic value of 3D product model deployment in production and assembly processes through applied research.

Concurrent engineering through overlapping of activities (i.e., fast-tracking) has been used as a schedule acceleration technique. Fast-track construction projects are generally recognized as riskier and subject to risks arising due to the concurrency of work. This work reports the risk perception of construction professionals to three different degrees of overlapping. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data, and the analysis applied data transformation and descriptive statistics. The risks were mainly perceived in the middle degree of overlapping and in activities occurring earlier in the schedule. The low and high degrees of overlapping were mainly perceived as having no risk or not being feasible, respectively. The four risk types accounted for most of the perceived threats: construction error, design change, crew interference, and poor construction productivity. The findings of this study suggest that construction professionals perceive risks differently based on the amount of activity overlapping. It is consistent with previous studies that found that risks decrease as the project advances and that fast-track projects face additional risks.

Abstract The solution space methodology, as presented in 2013, was meant to guide developers at the very beginning of the development process of a new mechanically crashworthy car. Several attempts were already made to use this methodology at later development stages. However, they all encountered problems related to its very strict and demanding corridors, thus constricting the design parameters. To allow more flexibility, two different approaches were proposed to relax the initial strict conditions. The first introduced temporal dependencies to widen the corridors. The second locally changed the corridors to adapt to the needs of the development, introducing dependencies between components. We, on the contrary, propose a new method to increase flexibility without introducing any kind of dependencies. We manage this by computing the intervals of solution space under user-defined conditions, hence selecting a custom set of independent corridors that fits the data gathered during development; i.e.: force-deformation curves that can be measured during a drop-tower test simulation. This new methodology of the adaptive solution space allows designers to edit the corridors, in order to have more flexibility for fulfilling high-level requirements when independently designing new components.

ABSTRACTThe research activity proposed in this paper is framed within the context of the concurrent engineering applied to the complex aeronautical system development. The main objective is to extend the aircraft design parameters with those of manufacturing and supply chain including, among others, logistics aspects, quality management, risk production, resources and materials availability. This surely complicates the design problem due to an enlargement of the alternatives populating the solutions tradespace. However, it provides a great opportunity to gain agility, variety and competitive advantages in the nowadays global market. The formulation and implementation of the new value-driven methodology, here-proposed, offers advantageous benefits to the decision-maker, as also highlighted by the aeronautical application case addressed in this paper.

The ability to accelerate the discovery of product innovation ideas is critical for manufacturers with short life cycles, such as smartphones. Companies with short product lifespans require innovative strategies to improve their products based on customer needs. Three-dimensional concurrent engineering (3DCE) has the potential to speed up the process of developing new products. On the other side, the availability of online data, such as social media and intellectual property, has the potential to identify and prioritize product, technology, and supplier opportunities in a cost-effective, quick, and real-time manner. This study proposes an online data-driven concurrent product, process, and supply chain design (3DCE) for linking customer requirements to potential technology and supplier opportunities in early-stage new product development. Three case studies on the leading smartphone industry demonstrate the proposed method's feasibility and effectiveness. To identify customer requirements, opinions from social media data are collected. Product opportunities are developed using latent Dirichlet allocation to identify product topics and sentiment analysis to assess satisfaction levels. Then, a novel approach by association rule mining is developed to mine specific customer requirements for each promising topic. In the 3DCE approach, the potential technology and supplier opportunities are tailored to specific customer requirements based on intellectual property mining. Finally, this study discovers improvement ideas and potential alternative solutions for product development with an unsupervised approach. The proposed method has also been validated and aligns with successful innovation products by Apple, Samsung, and Huawei.

Purpose: In recent years, safety has become an important issue in developing countries and has attracted much attention from many organizations. In this regard, the present study aims to investigate the effect of organizational culture on safety performance in the regional electricity distribution organization in Gilan province. Methods: The present research is an applied descriptive study. The statistical population of the research included 1311 employees of regional electricity distribution organization of Gilan province, 286 of whom were chosen as the sample through random sampling method and the required data were collected using the questionnaire. After examining the validity (content) and reliability of the questionnaire, the research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling method and based on Smart PLS2 software. Result: The findings show that (1) management commitment culture to safety on creating a safe work environment, (2) creating a safe work environment on concurrent engineering, (3) creating a safe work environment to design-for-safety and (4) design-for-safety on safety performance, have a significant effect. However, the effect of concurrent engineering on safety performance was not confirmed. The results also indicate that the model variables explain 73.9% of safety performance variations. Conclusions: The results can be used as a suitable procedure to explain the safety performance of employees of regional electricity organization in Gilan province. In addition, they provide a situation for managers to develop policies to improve safety performance by promoting predictive variables.

European companies’ competitiveness depends on obtaining innovative products. In the last years, clients demand started to be higher and more complex. Because of that, managing products development processes have become a necessity. Product development processes need to be proficient and flexible: less complex and more competence-focused. 3DSpace brings more solutions in this matter. EXALEAD transforms large volumes of heterogeneous, multi-source data into real-time information intelligence to help users improve business processes and gain competitive advantage. EXALEAD enables organizations to gather and enrich Big Data to deliver that information in the process of integrated product development and allows customers to fully manage product programs, from 3D design to traceability of changes, cost, quality and issue analytics. Concurrent or Simultaneous Engineering is one of the fundamental approaches that meet the challenges mentioned above. EXALEAD uses CloudView to process big data flows. Concurrent Engineering represents a standardized approach to integrated product improvement which accentuates and gives priority to the customer expectations level. In this matter, 3DSpace’s ENOVIA is used together with graphic software for manufacturing. It is about teamwork and confidence in which the decision-making process is consensual, even from the beginning of the product life cycle.

Nowadays, companies are faced with an increasingly higher level of competition while trying to adapt to the exigencies imposed by the Industry 4.0, regarding its usually referred dimensions and pillars, among which one that although is not so often referred is also expressing an increasing visibility and importance, related to collaboration, and more specifically to collaborative decision making and co-working. Thus, in this paper an analysis is carried out regarding the evolution of publications that have been put available over the last decade about collaborative decision making approaches, varying from approaches based on mathematical models up to the application of artificial intelligence and other kind of approaches. Moreover, a discussion about the relation between collaborative decision making, concurrent engineering and Industry 4.0 dimensions is also done.

This paper presents the improvement of the procurement process for raw materials in a real manufacturing company supported by the Lean Sig Sigma as structured approach to deliver the improvement. The manufacturing company that is a subject of this paper have received a significant amount of complains regarding the internal purchase orders approval process and the overall procurement process of the company from both internal employees and external vendors and contractors. Considering that the company is procuring the raw goods from selected vendors, therefore the entire manufacturing plan depends on these materials, the company decided to improve this process trough Lean Six Sigma. The Lean Six Sigma approach was selected in order to obtain the improvement in a short time, based on indicators that were previously analyzed and prioritized. The paper focuses on simplifying of the process trough decreasing the number of mandatory steps.

Graphics is a real and complete language used in the engineering design process. Therefore, the engineering drawing has always been considered as a basic and compulsory course in the engineering curriculum. The advances of the digital age and changes in design approach of engineering in recent years, from the step-by-step to concurrent engineering, where all project people work in a unified team, always raise the question of whether There is still a need for engineering graphic training as in the past, and if any, what changes its content should make. The proposed method is a hybrid data processing method based on the use of QFD - as a very simple and efficient method of designing a product to meet customer needs. One of the major weaknesses of the QFD method is the assumption of independence between the product’s technical features. AHP & then DEMATEL technique are combined with QFD, to overcome this problem. The appropriateness of the results with the human mental processes is ensured through the application of fuzzy logic. The results show that engineering graphics continue to be an essential course in modern engineering education, but its content must be adapted to meet new needs. These changes are suggested in the results section and the new syllabus is presented.

Full aircraft structure fatigue test, as a part of civil aircraft structure airworthiness verification test, is the most complicated, the most expensive and the most time-consuming. Improving the efficiency of full aircraft structure fatigue test and shortening the fatigue test cycle have always been pursued, especially for fatigue test management technique. This paper introduces concurrent engineering which is applied to full aircraft fatigue tests such as MA600, ARJ21-700, Y12F tests. The traditional serial working mode is transformed into the parallel working mode. Concurrent test management technique is summarized and proposed creatively. The basic content and method of concurrent test management technique are described. Different requirements of the technique in different stages in a single test are analyzed. At the same time the management methods in multiple tests in the same factory are proposed. The practice shows that concurrent test management technique plays an important role in accelerating the cycle of full aircraft fatigue test. What’s more the technique is potential for further research and it is of application prospects.

The research aims to show the role of concurrent engineering in enhancing supply chain efficiency and reducing its costs. The Baghdad Tourism hotel suffers from many problems, including inappropriate pricing and poor quality of services that is rendered to customers. There are many tourist services provided efficiently by competitors in the hospitality sector to the customer. This factor has led customers to go to other rival companies, decreasing the revenues and leading to the loss of any competitive advantage. Supply chain costs rises lead to higher total tourism service costs. The research uses a statistical questionnaire on (60) respondents in the company leading to hypothesis testing by a statistical program (SPSS). Findings significantly showed that costs of supply chain activities can be reduced if services rendered are carried out concurrently by eliminating similar activities. Concurrent engineering is a tool which enhances supply chain capabilities by reducing the costs and increasing the revenues. The statistical analysis showed that the general average of research variables in which the calculated value of (T) amounted to (6.786) which is greater than the tabled value of (T) amounted to (1.671) with a degree of freedom (59) and a significant level (5%). This led the researchers to accept the research hypothesis. This study shows the concepts of concurrent engineering and supply chain can be integrated. Many of the previous studies refer to the study of concurrent engineering or supply chain separately, thus this is somewhat unique. The research presents important recommendations represented by the need to use the technique of concurrent engineering to reduce the supply chain costs such as purchasing, transportation, storage and quality costs. These recommendations may enhance the company's future performance.

Set-based design (SBD), sometimes referred to as set-based concurrent engineering (SBCE), has emerged as an important component of lean product development (LPD) with all researchers describing it as a core enabler of LPD. Research has explored the principles underlying LPD and SBCE, but methodologies for the practical implementation need to be better understood. A review of SBD is performed in this article in order to discover and analyse the key aspects to consider when developing a model and methodology to transition to SBCE. The publications are classified according to a new framework, which allows us to map the topology of the relevant SBD literature from two perspectives: the research paradigms and the coverage of the generic creative design process (Formulation–Synthesis–Analysis–Evaluation–Documentation–Reformulation). It is found that SBD has a relatively low theoretical development, but there is a steady increase in the diversity of contributions. The literature abounds with methods, guidelines and tools to implement SBCE, but they rarely rely on a model that is in the continuum of a design process model, product model or knowledge-based model with the aim of federating the three Ps (People–Product–Process) towards SBCE and LPD in traditional industrial contexts.

The 3D product model has long been a tool used by engineers to design and plan for the physical creation of a 3D object. The way in which the 3D product model has been applied to production and assembly processes has evolved over time, yet the current body of knowledge does not document that evolution. The purpose of this article is to collect and structure the evolution of 3D product model research, categorizing the ways in which the body of knowledge has evolved over time, while also providing a look into projected applications and research focuses of the 3D product model. The result of this article is the development of sixteen 3D product model research themes and the categorization of the body of knowledge within those themes, establishing a basis for 3D product model research ontology. Then, the paper explores where the evolution of the 3D product model is trending based on discussions with industry experts. The authors aim to provide a foundation for a comprehensive and interdisciplinary discussion amongst academia and industry about the current state and future trends of research on the 3D product model and its application in production and assembly processes.

The article provides a novel approach to the implementation of virtual reality within planning and design of manual processes and systems. The use of hardware and software required to perform different production - especially assembly - tasks in a virtual environment, using CAD parts as interactive elements, is presented. Considering the CAD parts, the format conversion problem is comprehensively described and solved using format conversion software to overcome the present poor data connectivity between the CAD system and VR hardware and software. Two examples of work processes have been made in a virtual environment: peg-in-hole and wall socket assembly. In the latter case, the traditional planning approach of manual assembly tasks using predetermined motion time system MTM-2 has been compared with a modern approach in which the assembly task is fully performed within a virtual environment. The comparison comprises a discussion on the assembly task execution times. In addition, general and specific advantages and disadvantages that arise in the immersive designing of production processes using virtual reality are presented, as well as reflections on teamwork and collaborative man-machine work. Finally, novel technologies are proposed to overcome the main problems that occur when implementing VR, such as time-consuming scene defining or tedious CAD software data conversion.

The paper presents a model of concurrent engineering implemented in the life cycle of an electric motor as part of an electric aircraft with major advantages over traditional engineering. The paper also shows the 2D modeling of the electric motor using the FEMM program. The results of 2D modeling will be additionally used to the electromagnetic design of the electric motor. ENOVIA, a PLM (Product Lifecycle Management) software product for project management and engineering processes that integrates other 2D / 3D design software will also be used to implement concurrent engineering.

Prior research has shown qualitatively that organizations can increase the value created in their production and assembly processes through the implementation of three-dimensional (3D) product models in those processes. This paper moves beyond qualitative value to develop and calibrate a quantitative model for the value of 3D product model use in production and assembly processes. The principal contributions of this research are development of the quantitative model and determination of the quantitative value of deploying the 3D product model in assembly and production processes; findings developed through interviews with industry experts in industrial and systems engineering to gather the model inputs, calculate the outputs, and then calibrate the model with those industry experts. These results are then compared against the qualitative value categories from prior research to determine the alignment in order and magnitude with the quantitative model results. This paper concludes with a recommendation of where both industry and academia focus future implementation efforts and research based upon the associated results demonstrated in both the qualitative and quantitative model on the value of 3D product model use in assembly and production processes.

Organizations can enhance the value of their assembly planning, assembly design, and assembly shop floor execution through the use of the 3D product model. Once a tool targeted at product design, the 3D product model, enabled by current and emerging manufacturing process management technologies, can create additional value for organizations when used in assembly processes. The research survey conducted and described in this paper demonstrates the value organizations have seen in using the 3D product model in the assembly process. The paper also explores the current state of those organizations who have not yet implemented the use of the 3D product model in their assembly processes and the value that they foresee for possible future implementation. The essential findings of this research are the five qualitative areas in which value is derived from using the 3D product model in complex assembly processes and how those value drivers apply across various industries and organization sizes. These results provide a framework for future research to develop quantitative models of the value of the 3D product model use in assembly processes.

Concurrent engineering (CE) aims to provide a collaborative environment in which all involved parties work simultaneously to optimize resources. However, some aspects can make it hard to implement in organizations. This study presents the development of a CE model and its implementation in a Mexican textile maquiladora. The information about the process was obtained using administrative and quality tools (brainstorming, Pareto and Ishikawa charts, flowcharts, spreadsheets). A CE model based on the management of new products was designed, in consideration of the enterprise culture. The workgroup evaluated the proposed model in two projects to verify the functionality. The time for the development and approval of prototypes was reduced from three months to one. Now the process has a robust design, having identified design problems, potential operator errors, and bottlenecks. Losses from raw material replacements and reworks decreased by 39.4%, and there was an additional cost saving of 22.86%. CE implementation is not easy; the firsts steps are to change the organizational culture and the training of employees to work collaboratively.

This paper describes the idea of adopting CNC wire bending technology into dentistry wire bending. Till recently, the dentistry wire bending is traditionally performed in the hand-made operation. Innovations in the field of archwire bending in orthodontics have been reported which use robots to execute the desired wire bending operation. In contrast, CNC wire bending technology has not been successfully explored. In this regard, the manufacturing workflow which integrates CAD/CAM into the system is proposed. In addition, several interfaces to execute the bend points planning for different cases are introduced. The B-code generation program, which automatically converts the XYZ Cartesian coordinates for each bend point into the desired theoretical wire bending parameters (L, 𝛽, θ) has been developed with no consideration of the material properties. The feasibility of this methodology is demonstrated through an example, starting from the bend points planning, follows by the XYZ coordinates extraction and ends with the B-code generation. Moreover, the graphical simulation of the wire bending operation by the designed mechanism is also presented.

Most of commercial civil aircraft are derivatives of each other. They start with an aero-structural design based on the mission profile, and what remains is the integration of existing subsystems. This only leaves room for incremental innovation. When a totally new concept has to be worked out, an innovative brainstorming procedure has to be facilitated, leading to a new product definition. This collaborative creative thinking is not an easy task, and analytical design management tools are required. Therefore, an iterative AHP-QFD-AHP approach for brainstorming is implemented into a concurrent engineering environment in the early phases of layout conception. In the case study, the proposed model delivered the product definition of the cryoplane concept successfully, which promises clean operation.

Today, companies across numerous industries find themselves on the cusp of a product development revolution. The incorporation of software and electronics into mechanical-based products is driving a wave of new innovation as products become more like intelligent systems that are interactive, proactive, changeable and upgradable. With software and electronics driving so much new product value, leading companies have begun to view and develop their products as systems. Top companies take a systems based approach that requires simultaneous and connected development to occur between software, electronics and mechanical functions at the earliest design stages and continue throughout the product development cycle. The purpose of this article is to address the new vision of the PLM concept starting from the impact that intelligent systems, internet, globalization and collaborative engineering brings.

Concurrent engineering (CE) is one of the widest known techniques for simultaneous planning of product and process design. In concurrent engineering, design processes are often complicated with multiple conflicting criteria and discrete sets of feasible alternatives. Thus multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques are integrated into CE to perform concurrent design. This paper proposes a design framework governed by MCDM technique, which are in conflict in the sense of competing for common resources to achieve variously different performance objectives such as financial, functional, environmental, etc. The Pareto MCDM model is applied to polyethylene pipe concurrent design governed by four criteria to determine the best alternative design to Pareto-compromise design.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la primera fase de un estudio que pretende generar un modelo de evaluación y mejoramiento de los Procesos de Diseño y Desarrollo de Productos (PDDP) de las pequeñas y medianas empresas (PyMEs) manufactureras chilenas basado en el enfoque concurrente a fin de insertarlas a los mercados competitivos actuales. En efecto, muchos autores demostraron que, en nuestra sociedad globalizada, la capacidad de una empresa en tener una buena conducción y desarrollo de las fases de diseño de productos determina una gran parte su eficacia industrial. En particular, los modelos basados en la Ingeniería Concurrente (IC) parecen ser los más apropiados para responder rápida y adecuadamente a mercados siempre más exigentes. Sin embargo, existen pocos estudios que demuestren la aplicabilidad de estos modelos a las PyMEs. Esta primera fase pretende entonces establecer criterios de transferibilidad del enfoque concurrente en pequeñas y medianas empresas, analizando el corpus teórico y experimental relativo a la Ingeniería Concurrente (IC) y su aplicación en PYME, contrastando estos análisis con los primeros resultados de una investigación explorativa y cualitativa de tres PyMEs manufactureras chilenas. Estos criterios de transferibilidad se basan por una parte sobre una interpretación del enfoque concurrente al analizar la literatura existente y los patrones de comportamiento de las PyMEs para así destacar las dimensiones críticas particulares, por otra parte, se basa en un análisis del tipo de modelo de intervención que permita su implementación en este tipo de empresas.The results of the first stage of a study aimed at generating a model for the evaluation and improvement of Product Design and Development Processes (PDDP) of Chilean small and middle size enterprises (SMEs) based on the concurrent approach with the aim of inserting them in current competitive markets are presented. Many authors have shown that in our globalized society the ability of a company to provide good guidance and development of the product design stages determines largely its industrial efficiency. In particular, models based on Concurrent Engineering (CE) seem to be the most appropriate to respond rapidly and adequately to ever more demanding markets. However, there are few studies showing the applicability of these models to SMEs. Therefore this first stage is aimed at establishing transferability criteria of the concurrent approach in small and middle size companies, analyzing the technical and experimental corpus related to CE and its application in SMEs, contrasting these analyses with the first results of an exploratory and qualitative investigation of three Chilean manufacturing SMEs. These transferability criteria are based on the one hand on an interpretation of the concurrent approach from the existing literature and the performance pattern of the SMEs in order to highlight the particular critical sizes, and on the other hand on an analysis of the type of intervention model that will allow its implementation in these kinds of companies.

Bu çalışmada, Seramik Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren tedarikçi firmaların, eş zamanlı mühendislik metodunu kullanım etkinliğine göre değerlendirilmesi sürecinde kullanmak üzere; üç katmanlı, ileri beslemeli, geriye yayılımlı bir Yapay Sinir Ağı modeli geliştirilerek, bu modelin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan araştırma modelinin bağımsız değişkenleri ağın giriş değişkenleri olarak, bağımlı değişkeni ise çıkış değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu değişkenlerin değerleri faktör analizi yardımı ile belirlenmiştir. Analizde kullanılacak veri setinin temini için, ağın giriş ve çıkış değişkenlerini açıklayan otuz dört soruluk bir anket formu hazırlanarak, ilgili sektörde faaliyet gösteren 52 firmayı kapsayan anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ağın daha doğru sonuçlar vermesi için, analiz sonuçlarına göre faktör yükü 0.6'nın altında değere sahip sorular elenmiştir. Elenen soruların değerlendirme dışı bırakılması ile, 8 giriş değişkenini açıklayan 22 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın giriş değerlerinin belirlenmesinde, çıkış değişkenini açıklayan 3 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın çıkış değerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Ağın giriş ve çıkış değerlerine ilişkin veri seti, k-fold yöntemi ile 4 eşit gruba ayrılarak dört farklı alternatif ağ yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, en düşük hatayı veren ağın test simülasyonu sonucunda elde edilen tahmini firma puanları ile gerçek firma puanları birbirine çok yakın çıktığı için, geliştirilen Yapay Sinir Ağı modelinin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Seramik Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren tedarikçi firmaların, eş zamanlı mühendislik metodunu kullanım etkinliğine göre değerlendirilmesi sürecinde kullanmak üzere; üç katmanlı, ileri beslemeli, geriye yayılımlı bir Yapay Sinir Ağı modeli geliştirilerek, bu modelin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan araştırma modelinin bağımsız değişkenleri ağın giriş değişkenleri olarak, bağımlı değişkeni ise çıkış değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu değişkenlerin değerleri faktör analizi yardımı ile belirlenmiştir. Analizde kullanılacak veri setinin temini için, ağın giriş ve çıkış değişkenlerini açıklayan otuz dört soruluk bir anket formu hazırlanarak, ilgili sektörde faaliyet gösteren 52 firmayı kapsayan anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ağın daha doğru sonuçlar vermesi için, analiz sonuçlarına göre faktör yükü 0.6'nın altında değere sahip sorular elenmiştir. Elenen soruların değerlendirme dışı bırakılması ile, 8 giriş değişkenini açıklayan 22 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın giriş değerlerinin belirlenmesinde, çıkış değişkenini açıklayan 3 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın çıkış değerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Ağın giriş ve çıkış değerlerine ilişkin veri seti, k-fold yöntemi ile 4 eşit gruba ayrılarak dört farklı alternatif ağ yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, en düşük hatayı veren ağın test simülasyonu sonucunda elde edilen tahmini firma puanları ile gerçek firma puanları birbirine çok yakın çıktığı için, geliştirilen Yapay Sinir Ağı modelinin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Seramik Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren tedarikçi firmaların, eş zamanlı mühendislik metodunu kullanım etkinliğine göre değerlendirilmesi sürecinde kullanmak üzere; üç katmanlı, ileri beslemeli, geriye yayılımlı bir Yapay Sinir Ağı modeli geliştirilerek, bu modelin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan araştırma modelinin bağımsız değişkenleri ağın giriş değişkenleri olarak, bağımlı değişkeni ise çıkış değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu değişkenlerin değerleri faktör analizi yardımı ile belirlenmiştir. Analizde kullanılacak veri setinin temini için, ağın giriş ve çıkış değişkenlerini açıklayan otuz dört soruluk bir anket formu hazırlanarak, ilgili sektörde faaliyet gösteren 52 firmayı kapsayan anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ağın daha doğru sonuçlar vermesi için, analiz sonuçlarına göre faktör yükü 0.6'nın altında değere sahip sorular elenmiştir. Elenen soruların değerlendirme dışı bırakılması ile, 8 giriş değişkenini açıklayan 22 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın giriş değerlerinin belirlenmesinde, çıkış değişkenini açıklayan 3 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın çıkış değerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Ağın giriş ve çıkış değerlerine ilişkin veri seti, k-fold yöntemi ile 4 eşit gruba ayrılarak dört farklı alternatif ağ yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, en düşük hatayı veren ağın test simülasyonu sonucunda elde edilen tahmini firma puanları ile gerçek firma puanları birbirine çok yakın çıktığı için, geliştirilen Yapay Sinir Ağı modelinin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Bu çalışmada, Seramik Sektöründe faaliyet gösteren tedarikçi firmaların, eş zamanlı mühendislik metodunu kullanım etkinliğine göre değerlendirilmesi sürecinde kullanmak üzere; üç katmanlı, ileri beslemeli, geriye yayılımlı bir Yapay Sinir Ağı modeli geliştirilerek, bu modelin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında oluşturulan araştırma modelinin bağımsız değişkenleri ağın giriş değişkenleri olarak, bağımlı değişkeni ise çıkış değişkeni olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu değişkenlerin değerleri faktör analizi yardımı ile belirlenmiştir. Analizde kullanılacak veri setinin temini için, ağın giriş ve çıkış değişkenlerini açıklayan otuz dört soruluk bir anket formu hazırlanarak, ilgili sektörde faaliyet gösteren 52 firmayı kapsayan anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ağın daha doğru sonuçlar vermesi için, analiz sonuçlarına göre faktör yükü 0.6'nın altında değere sahip sorular elenmiştir. Elenen soruların değerlendirme dışı bırakılması ile, 8 giriş değişkenini açıklayan 22 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın giriş değerlerinin belirlenmesinde, çıkış değişkenini açıklayan 3 soruya verilen cevaplar ağın çıkış değerinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Ağın giriş ve çıkış değerlerine ilişkin veri seti, k-fold yöntemi ile 4 eşit gruba ayrılarak dört farklı alternatif ağ yapısı oluşturulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, en düşük hatayı veren ağın test simülasyonu sonucunda elde edilen tahmini firma puanları ile gerçek firma puanları birbirine çok yakın çıktığı için, geliştirilen Yapay Sinir Ağı modelinin, tedarikçi değerlendirme sürecinde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Out of 100 hours of engineering work, only 20 are dedicated to real engineering and 80 are spent on what is considered as routine activities. Readjusting the ratio of innovative vs. routine work is a considerable challenge in the product lifecycle management (PLM) strategy. Therefore, the main objective is to develop an approach in order to accelerate routine processes in engineering design. The proposed methodology called FabK consists of capturing manufacturing knowledge and its application towards the design verification and validation of new engineering designs. The approach is implemented into a Web-based PLM prototype and a Computer Aided Design system. A series of experiments from an industrial case study is introduced to provide significant results.

The objective of this research was to study the effect of Concurrent Engineering environmental factors and product development performance that measured by overall variablesof financial performance. Using multiple regression to test the effect simultaneously and using simple regression to test the environmental factors of Concurrent Engineering effect on financial performance, operational performance and on overall performance. The result of data analysis found that all environmental factors of Concurrent Engineering effect individually didn’t influence financial performance, but simultaneously influenced financial performance 9,8%. Organizational factor communicate infastructure factors and products development factor individually didn’t influence operational performance. Customer requirements factors negatively influences operational performance and strategic integration factor positively influenced operational peformance. Simultaneously all Concurrent factor, communication infrastructure factor and product development factor individually didn’t influence overall product development performance. Customer requirements factor negatively influenced overall product development performance andstrategic integration factor positively influenced overall product development prformance. Simultaneously all Concurrent engineering enviromnetal factors didn’t have effect on overal product development performance.

Para reduzir o tempo necessário para lançar novos produtos no mercado, as empresas adotam uma nova abordagem de desenvolvimento de produtos baseada, principalmente, na engenharia simultânea e em times multifuncionais. Teoricamente, essa nova abordagem resulta em alterações importantes na organização do trabalho, que passa a ser executado em times envolvendo pessoas de várias áreas funcionais, atuando em conjunto do início ao fim dos projetos. No entanto, poucos estudos analisam a abrangência das mudanças que ocorrem na prática nas empresas. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a forma como o trabalho de desenvolvimento de produtos é organizado nas empresas e discutir as diferenças entre a prática e os pressupostos teóricos. Para isso são realizados dois estudos de caso em montadoras de veículos comerciais. A pesquisa demonstra que a adoção de times e de um processo com atividades em paralelo não garantem a integração efetiva entre as áreas funcionais. Além disso, a pesquisa indica que parte relevante das atividades de projeto de novos produtos ainda é realizada individualmente, apesar das vantagens potenciais de se optar por uma organização mais flexível, autônoma e baseada em trabalho em grupos.To overcome the limitations of the traditional product development process and reduce product development lead times, companies are adopting a new product development approach based on concurrent engineering and multifunctional teams. In theory, this new approach significantly changes the way product development work is organized, and involves teams from various functional areas who work in concert from the inception to the conclusion of the project. However, few studies have analyzed the scope of the changes this new product development approach has wrought in company practices. In this context, this paper describes how product development work is organized in companies and discusses the differences between actual practices and theory. To this end, two case studies were carried out at automakers, which revealed that multifunction teams and concurrent activities do not ensure the effective integration of functional areas. This survey also indicated that a relevant portion of new product development activities are still performed individually, notwithstanding the potential advantages of a more flexible and autonomous team work-based organization.

Innovation and thus the production of knowledge becomes a factor of competitiveness. In this context quality management could be complemented by knowledge management to aim the improvement of knowledge production by research activities process. To this end, after describing knowledge and informa-tion typologies in engineering activities, a knowledge man-agement system is proposed. The goal is to support: (1) Semi-Structured Information (e.g. reports, etc.) thanks to the BASIC-Lab tool functions, which are based on attributing points of view and annotations to documents and document zones, and (2) Non-Structured Information (such as mail, dialogues, etc.), thanks to MICA-Graph approach which intends to support ex-change of technical messages that concerns common resolution of research problems within project teams and to capitalise relevant knowledge. For the both approaches, prototype tools have been developed and evaluated, primarily to feed back with manufacturing knowledge in the EADS industrial envi-ronment.

High-level process planning plays an important role in determining candidate process domains at the configuration design stage. Changing the process domains later increases the product development cycle and the product development cost. Therefore, determining the most appropriate manufacturing processes at the beginning stages of the design process becomes critical. However, high-level process planning systems have traditionally lacked integration of design synthesis and design evaluation. The objective of this paper is to propose a CAD-based high-level process planning system that will help designers decide whether or not the designs are worth pursuing. A hybrid approach incorporating design by feature and feature recognition approaches is proposed and implemented. Synergizing both advantages of both approaches will reduce the complexity of feature recognition algorithm without sacrificing the flexibility in creating a part model.

The paper is looking to the dynamic feature of the meta-models of the process modelling process, the time. Some principles are considered and discussed as main dimensions of any modelling activity: the compatibility of the substances, the equipresence of phenomena and the solvability of the model. The activity models are considered and represented at meta-level.

This work is looking to methodological aspects of process modelling. The point of view is more from Process System Engineering (PSE) in order to develop formal and generic techniques for process modelling, and to use representation formalisms matched to computer based modelling environments. A metamodelling approach based on phenomena is presented and discussed. The framework is easy to understand, easy to implement from computational point of view, and can be used as departure point in developing a new generation of modelling languages: languages based on phenomena. The phenomena based metamodelling approach makes the modelling process more efficient for collaboration in heterogeneous modelling environments composed from different and difficult actors: modellers, users and computers.

Este artigo aborda a questão da integração das atividades de projeto e manufatura, descrevendo um sistema de engenharia desenvolvido para auxiliar os projetistas na etapa de projeto detalhado de peças fundidas. O projetar é considerado como uma atividade sujeita a restrições, que condicionam a tomada de decisão. Nesse sentido, o processo de projetar uma peça fundida pode ser modelado como um conjunto de variáveis que representam os parâmetros do projeto interconectados por restrições. Quando alguma restrição não é atendida o sistema se encarrega de avisar ao projetista, indicando qual restrição não foi atendida e as causas prováveis do não atendimento.This paper addresses the issue of integrating design and manufacturing by describing a Concurrent Engineering system called Dicast that has been developed to assist designers with the detailed design of castings. Design is viewed as a constraint driven activity where designers negotiate solutions to the design based on dynamically evaluating constraints. In this way, the design process can be modeled as variables that represent design parameters interconnected with constraints. Advice is given to the designer when constraints are violated.

The classical way to manage the product development processes for massive production has been changing as the high pressure for cost reduction, higher quality standards and market seeking for innovation lead to the necessity of new tools for development control. This context and the learning from the automotive, aerospace industries and others segments were the starting point to understand and apply manufacturing and assembly oriented designs to ease the task of generate goods and from this to obtain at least part of the expected results. This paper demonstrates the applicability of the concepts of Concurrent Engineering and DFM/DFA (Design for Manufacturing and Assembly) in the development of products and parts for the White Goods industry in Brazil (major appliances as refrigerators, cookers and washing machines), showing one case concerning to the development and releasing of a component. Finally, it shows, shortly, how using these techniques as a solution had provided cost savings and reduction in delivery time.

This paper deals with the development of an integration framework and its implementation for the connexion of CAx systems and multiple-view product modelling. The integration framework is presented regarding its conceptual level and the implementation level is described currently with the connexion of a functional modeller, a multiple-view product modeller, an optimisation module and a CAD system. The integration between the multiple-view product modeller and CATIA V5 based on the STEP standard is described in detail. Finally, the presented works are discussed and future research developments are suggested.

This paper describes a concurrent design approach to railway vehicle design. Current railway vehicles use many different concepts that are combined into the final design concept. The design support for such systems is based on reusing components from previous design cases. The key part of the railway vehicle design concept is its simulation model. Therefore the support is based on support for reuse of previous simulation models. The simulation models of different railway component concepts are stored using the methodology from the EU CLOCKWORK project. The new concept usually combines stored components.

The methodology of concurrent engineering and research of products at initial stages of their design is provided in the article. The proposed methodology contemplates several stages: development of a 3D model of a product accompanied by its structural design analysis, the engineering analysis, including the dynamic analysis of a product (+1D) and research of its deflected mode (+1D). The proposed procedure may be entitled as "5D Product Modeling". Concurrent engineering and research of a product improves the efficiency and the quality of design, while the number of errors goes down at the initial stages of design development of any mechanical system. 3D model of a chain conveyor was developed on the basis of one of the most widely spread systems of computer-aided design - COMPAS-3D software developed by ASKON company. Static, kinematic, and dynamic analyses, associated with the chain conveyor, were performed with the help of the Universal Mechanism Express system integrated into COMPAS-3D software. Analysis of the deflected mode of the chain conveyor joints exposed to maximal loads was performed with the help of APN FED software integrated into COMPAS-3D software. APN FED software was used to simulate various loads, to simulate various limit conditions, to generate a mesh of finite elements and to perform the final calculations. One dynamic and one refined mathematical model of the drive and of the whole chain conveyor were developed to verify the adequacy of the research performed within the framework of the project in question. Dynamic loads applicable to elements of the chain conveyor were identified through the employment of MathCAD software.Изложена методика комплексного проектирования и исследования изделия на ранних этапах проектирования. Эта методика включает ряд этапов: создание трехмерной модели изделия (3D) с проведением соответствующих конструкторских расчетов, проведение инженерного анализа, включающего динамический анализа изделия (+1D) и исследование его НДС (+1D). Этот процесс можно наз��ать 5D моделированием изделия. Комплексное проектирование и исследование изделия обеспечивает повышения эффективности и качества проектирования изделий и кардинальное снижение ошибок на самых ранних этапах проектирования любой механической системы.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo principal a proposição de diretrizes para o desenvolvimento do Design for Assembly (DFA) para a produção de habitações unifamiliares. Tais diretrizes envolvem considerações a respeito da apresentação dos projetos e sobre a padronização das informações que definem a sequência de montagem dos principais elementos de uma edificação em LSF, visando a melhorar a construtibilidade dos projetos. Foi desenvolvido um exemplo de aplicação do DFA a um elemento de uma edificação em LSF. Este estudo foi baseado em conceitos obtidos na revisão bibliográfica, relacionados com a Engenharia Concorrente, Lean Design e DFA. Além disso, visando a destacar a importância na inovação de processos na construção, o atual contexto de projeto do LSF no Brasil foi caracterizado por meio de entrevistas com profissionais que têm utilizado esta tecnologia. O produto final deste artigo visa a contribuir para o avanço dos estudos a respeito do processo de projeto do LSF, além de promover o uso de conceitos pouco abordados na indústria da construção, como o DFA.