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In recent years, crowd funding has seriously been considered as a novel method of financing start-up businesses and innovative ideas. In its short life time so far, the method has significantly grown in different aspects such as the number of proposed platforms, the number of campaigns and their success rate, the amount of capital provided, and the number of proposed models. In addition, various researchers have investigated the phenomenon from different points of view. Nevertheless, just a few studies have carried out a comprehensive review of the factors affecting this method. The main purpose of this research is to design and implement a comprehensive framework for factors that affect crowd funding. In order to achieve this goal, the effective factors in this regard were first identified through systematic review of the literature on crowd funding. Then, they were classified and clustered in a hexagonal framework based on the stakeholder's model. In other words, a qualitative method is used to extract the factors affecting crowd funding. The hexagons extracted from the literature were in 82 clusters out of which 38 were accounted for by capital seekers, 16 by investors and platforms, and 12 by other stakeholders. This study is the first effort to design a comprehensive framework for factors that affect crowd funding. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2021-02-02-07 Full Text: PDF

During commercial excavations, the archaeological department of Ardennes county council found two amazing discoveries that are now part of two different preservation projects. Firstly, a tool set from a rural settlement which holds some Vallus (Gallic harvester) teeth. The second finding was gallo-roman baths identified as being from a rural villa which were very-well preserved with an impressive wall elevation and a beautifully decorated floor.This paper gives the opportunity to discuss the moving of the finds from a commercial archaeological excavation to a preservation project which has to operate within the rules of the government, politics and economy as asssets or constraints for scientific issues.

Medical crowdfunding is a relatively new strategy to obtain access to orphan drugs. The case of Baby Pia, a Belgian girl with SMA type 1 for whom in 2018 more than $ 2.1 million was raised to get her treated with Zolgensma®, illustrates well the potential power of medical crowdfunding. But apart from the success in raising money, the case is also of particular importance for the ethical issues it brings to the surface as related to justice, equity, power imbalances, responsibility, accountability, indebtedness and privacy.

Young architectural practices are short of building opportunities, with limited knowledges of the production chain and access to potential investors among the relevant monetary aspects that deprive them from the practice of architecture as “the act of construction” (Bernstein, 2014: 19). Mobile Internet platforms, however, may provide new frames to reimagine responsibilities and risks of the profession. Wee Studio experimented architectural crowdfunding in China as a financial model that questions the need for a conventional client, supporting instead architectural projects by means of individual investments in small amounts of money. Crowdfunding initiatives spread rapidly among Chinese social network users, thanks to the WeChat platform – whose power in multiplying the popularity of the idea and easiness of online payment made the Treehouse project possible. Design and construction of a pair of wooden huts that complement a homestay-hotel in Miyun (Beijing) were completed between November 2015 and September 2016.

The most important support for knowledge-based start-up businesses is their financing, as the most important challenge of those businesses lies in the financing stage. With the advent of Web 2 and social networks, crowd funding has risen as the latest method of external financing. So far, many exploratory empirical studies have examined various aspects of this method mostly based on the features of advanced countries and superior crowd funding platforms in the world. Hence, it is necessary to study crowd funding and to develop the method in Iran too. This paper aims to provide propositions, crowd funding business models, and a typology of actors of this method in Iran by analyzing the exploratory empirical data obtained from active crowd funding platforms in the country. The analysis is conducted of the empirical data of five active platforms and 307 campaigns. The results show that the internal platforms, although recently launched, have been able to attract 24771 funders and to raise approximately 20,379,773,066 Rials. The success rate of crowd funding in Iran is 54 percent, and platforms with reward and donation models have the highest success rates. Since this paper is an exploratory study based on empirical data, only nine propositions have been made.

NGOs can benefit from crowd funding to achieve their prospects, since they are independent from government resources. The ever-increasing advances in Internet technologies and human interest in using social media is the main strengths to be considered. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the function of social media on the success of crowd funding of charity institutions, which is performed based on the grounded theory. In this regard, due to the lack of literature, the results of annual reports from countries and research centers and the experiences of charity financial managers have been studied and by reviewing articles line by line, content analysis coding has been done. The components have been sorted in 8 categories, validated and then shown in paradigmatic model and hypotheses were launched. The results show that the existence of a coherent financing strategy, efficient media management, and the credibility of fund are the reasons for the successful establishment of the project in the field of information technology and the proper use of the media, and the media advertising and communication with the funders provide a structural context for growth. This causes that the content be understood and needed budget be successfully funded.

The article examines and systematizes the trends of the most current importance for information and business communication development, the trends having an impact on a wide range of business operations and competitiveness of contemporary business. First of all, they are technological trends (IT development) influencing information exchange and creating new forms of communications. Furthermore, they are trends of development of new marketing and relations with customers within new business areas, the development of mechanisms building up business investment attractiveness and raising strategic trust to it. It’s also the development of social media as tools of interaction with a wide range of stakeholders and consumers, as tools promoting products and services and raising consumer awareness of them.The article examines new forms of communications via social networks - crowd practices - crowd sourcing and crowd funding, which are not so widely used in Russia but are becoming more and more popular as modern communication tools. Another modern trend in communications development is examined, i. e. omni channels. Within omni channels users communicate with a company while moving freely between online or offline channels which are fully integrated with each other. This allows for maintaining a personified approach to clients and creating a reliable customer databases.Great attention in the article is paid to the sense load of contemporary business communications, becoming the means of meanings management. In particular, the concept of “Coordinated Management of Meanings” (CMM) is being studied. The concept is applied in management practice for conflict resolution and relationship management within an organization or a community.According to the authors, all of these trends are the most relevant nowadays, and it is these trends that have a critical impact on information exchange and on altering aspects of management practice in companies and other organizations as well as their competitiveness. The conclusion is quite evident: the future belongs to the developing integrated communications and communication technologies which will significantly influence the future development of management itself.

The aim of this paper is to examine the influence of crowd funding knowledge, applica-tion, platform, and project initiator toward successful crowd funding. This study conducted by quantitative approach, data have been collected with web-based ques-tionnaires via Kickstarter.com direct message and e-mail to 200 successful crowd funding project initiators as a sample and as much 152 sets questionnaire returned by a complete answer and should be analyzed further. Deployment and data collection take 3 month from October to December 2013. This study found evidence that crowd funding knowledge, crowd funding application, crowd funding platform, and project initiator has positive and significant relationship toward the success of crowd funding. The implication from this research is crowd funding can be a source of capital to finance the projects, not just rely on traditional sources of financing just like banking and capital markets. Crowd funding can be innovative funding solution.

In the design of a distributed library system, there are a lot of organizational problems, ideas, solutions which are the subject of this article. The article presents the approaches on crowd funding platforms that are used as a tool for attracting participants and financing project.