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The Santos Basin in Brazil has witnessed significant oil and gas discoveries in deepwater pre-salt since the 21st century. Currently, the waters in eastern Brazil stand out as a hot area of deepwater exploration and production worldwide. Based on a review of the petroleum exploration and production history in Brazil, the challenges, researches and practices, strategic transformation, significant breakthroughs, and key theories and technologies for exploration from onshore to offshore and from shallow waters to deep–ultra-deep waters and then to pre-salt strata are systematically elaborated. Within 15 years since its establishment in 1953, Petrobras explored onshore Paleozoic cratonic and marginal rift basins, and obtained some small to medium petroleum discoveries in fault-block traps. In the 1970s, Petrobras developed seismic exploration technologies and several hydrocarbon accumulation models, for example, turbidite sandstones, allowing important discoveries in shallow waters, e.g. the Namorado Field and Enchova fields. Guided by these models/technologies, significant discoveries, e.g. the Marlim and Roncador fields, were made in deepwater post-salt in the Campos Basin. In the early 21st century, the advancements in theories and technologies for pre-salt petroleum system, carbonate reservoirs, hydrocarbon accumulation and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logging stimulated a succession of valuable discoveries in the Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonates in the Santos Basin, including the world-class ultra-deepwater super giant fields such as Tupi (Lula), Mero and Buzios. Petroleum development in complex deep water environments is extremely challenging. By establishing the Technological Capacitation Program in Deep Waters (PROCAP), Petrobras developed and implemented key technologies including managed pressure drilling (MPD) with narrow pressure window, pressurized mud cap drilling (PMCD), multi-stage intelligent completion, development with Floating Production Storage and Offloading units (FPSO), and flow assurance, which remarkably improved the drilling, completion, field development and transportation efficiency and safety. Additionally, under the limited FPSO capacity, Petrobras promoted the world-largest CCUS-EOR project, which contributed effectively to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of oil recovery. Development and application of these technologies provide valuable reference for deep and ultra-deepwater petroleum exploration and production worldwide. The petroleum exploration in Brazil will consistently focus on ultra-deep water pre-salt carbonates and post-salt turbidites, and seek new opportunities in Paleozoic gas. Technical innovation and strategic cooperation will be held to promote the sustainable development of Brazil's oil and gas industry.

The Coqueiros Formation, a strategic stratigraphic unit within the Lagoa Feia Group (LFG) in the Campos Basin offshore Brazil, is known for its lacustrine carbonate deposits, which include both organic-rich shales and economically important “coquina” reservoirs. While coquina facies are widely recognized as reservoirs, the source-rock potential of the intercalated shales remains relatively underexplored. This study aims to characterize the mineralogy and thermal maturity of the Coqueiros Formation to assess its potential as a source rock, using a multi-technique approach integrating X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy analyses of shale samples from two wells: 3-BP-11-RJS and 6-DEV-18P-RJS. XRD analyses revealed a heterogeneous mineralogy dominated by carbonates (calcite and dolomite) and quartz, with significant contributions from clay minerals and trace minerals such as pyrite and barite. SEM imaging revealed a heterogeneous fabric with grain size, morphology, and porosity variations, reflecting a dynamic lacustrine depositional setting influenced by storm events and fluctuations in terrigenous input. The presence of authigenic minerals, as reported in other studies, such as saddle dolomite, mega-quartz, and various sulfides, provides evidence for hydrothermal alteration, likely related to Late Cretaceous magmatic activity in the Campos Basin. Raman spectroscopy yielded equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Ro%) values consistently exceeding 1.00, ranging from 1.03 to 1.40, indicating that the organic matter in the Coqueiros Formation shales has attained a high thermal maturity level, surpassing the oil window and reaching the condensate wet gas zone. The mineralogical and equivalent maturation data presented herein provide a valuable foundation for future studies, highlighting the complexity and heterogeneity of the Coqueiros Formation and its potential significance as a source rock within the Campos Basin petroleum system.

Abstract Santonian-Campanian tuffaceous siltstone, epiclastic siltstone, arkose, and fossiliferous mudstone occur in a 45-m-thick section of well 1-BRSA-37-RJS drilled in the southern Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil. Well log data and petrographic and lithogeochemical data obtained from cutting samples were used to propose a schematic model of the volcano's sedimentary paleoenvironment. The volcaniclasts in the tuffaceous siltstone and epiclastic siltstone are scoria basalts, typical of spatter cones associated with monogenetic fields worldwide. The combination of these features with the petrographic ones of the arkoses found in the same well interval is likely to be related to volcaniclastic processes taking place on the continental shelf. Ratios between the immobile trace elements of the volcaniclastic rocks can be explained by mixing between sources in the upper continental crust adjacent to southern Campos and the scoria basalts extruded in the monogenetic fields. The little differentiated, olivine-rich basalts extruded from the scoria and spatter cones suggest a rising asthenosphere mantle extending from hundreds of kilometers eastwards till southern Campos in the Santonian-Campanian. This may have resulted in regional discordances in the Santonian, both in the Campos and Santos basins, and also places the petroleum systems in the southern Campos Basin under the thermal influence of such a rising asthenosphere in the Santonian-Campanian.

The basins of Campos and Santos, the most important offshore oil reserves in Brazil, hold potential for being the largest offshore oil exploration fields in the next decades, mainly due to the oil located in the pre-salt layer. This region presents real conditions for the occurrence of intense atmospheric events added to the high velocity of the meanders of the Brazilian current. However, the increasing risk of accidents and damage in the region has been the subject of concern and discussion. The risks in the basins of Campos (2011) and Santos (2012) may not exhibit the the same potential for disastrous events as do those in the oil fields of Alaska and of the Gulf of Mexico, but accidents in these areas are not unlikely, as already evidenced by previous accidents under similar operating conditions (e.g. Chevron Platform accident in Campos Basin, RJ, Brazil, 2011). This paper highlights discussion of the multidisciplinary and substantial environmental features in oil exploration fields along the Brazilian coast based on Semi-Systematic Review methodology. The aspects evaluated cover not only geological traits, oceanic and meteorological circulation, but also current oil production, the most significant oil spill accidents recorded up to 2019 and the discussion about some current levels of seawater contamination.

Igneous rocks are widely developed in many hydrocarbon-bearing sedimentary basins in Brazil, and some igneous rocks play positive roles in the oil and gas accumulation process. But so far, no industrial oil or gas flow is discovered in igneous rocks in Brazilian onshore basins. At present, in some literatures published by some researchers, cases of igneous reservoirs in Brazil are inaccurate. The lithology of reservoirs in the Igarape Cuia oil and gas field, the oil and gas field of Urucu and the Barra Bonita gasfield, were previously thought to be volcanic rocks, but now are clastic rocks according to studies, and the igneous rocks in these three oil and gas field can only be acted as indirect and direct cap rocks. Furthermore, igneous rock reservoirs in the Campos Basin and Santos Basin in the Brazilian offshore are briefly analyzed. The representative Badejo oilfield in the Campos Basin has igneous rock reservoirs dominated by basalts which are intercalated with thin layers of volcaniclastic and sedimentary rocks, the storage space are vesicules, fractures and vugular pores, and the porosity of hydrocarbon bearing interval basalt reservoirs ranges from 10% to 15%. In addition, for the Santos Basin, igneous rocks in this basin are dominated by basic rocks, some alkaline intrusive rocks develop good micro spaces, mainly crystal moldic pores, inter- and intra-crystal dissolution pores and fractures, better reservoir intervals are often concentrated such as at sections near to unconformity surfaces and can have porosity of 6%–9% or higher; local pre-salt igneous rock reservoirs in the Santos Basin have the necessary conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation and it will be a new target layer for hydrocarbon exploration.

Block A in the southern Campos Basin in the deep water of Brazil has complicated pre-salt structures as a result of the Late Jurassic tectonic activity. Based on new 3D seismic and drilling data, the geological attributes, fault development and tectonic evolution of pre-salt in block A were reviewed. Four seismic reflection layers and three seismic sequences were identified in the pre-salt section. Block A also experienced three stages of tectonic evolution, including rifting, erosion and tilting as well as thermal subsidence. Additionally, NE and NNE normal faults are well developed in this region. Tectonic activity also resulted in a NW-SE transform fault in the region and this controlled the distribution of normal faults. Finally, the influence of tectonic activity on hydrocarbon distribution was discussed and it is expected to provide scientific basis for the pre-salt exploration activities in block A and Campos Basin.

Oil spills are a worldwide concern since they cause environmental problems and financial losses. Automatic detection plays a crucial role in rapid decision-making to reduce damage. In this context, deep learning and remote sensing are powerful tools with successful applications in many regions. However, there are still no studies on deep-water zones and in the Brazilian territory. The present research has three contributions: (1) create an oil spill dataset on the Brazilian region, (2) compare state-of-the-art deep learning models for this task, and (3) propose a novel application on the Campos Basin (Brazil's largest producer) using Sentinel-1 time series to identify more susceptible regions, encompassing 138 images from 2016 to 2021. The experts manually labeled the dataset with confirmation from the oil company and federal inspection, resulting in 800 images with 512 × 512 spatial dimensions and their respective annotations (600 for training, 125 for validation, and 75 for testing). The study compared three semantic segmentation architectures (U-net, DeepLabv3+, and LinkNet) with four backbones (ResNet-101, ResNet-50, Efficient-net-B0, and Efficient-net-B3) resulting in 12 models. The U-net with the Efficient-net-B3 backbone presented slightly better results (98% accuracy, 75% precision, 78% recall, 76% F-score, and 62% IoU). The time-series analysis considered images with 8,192 × 11,264 spatial dimensions. The entire image classification used a sliding window approach with a 128-pixel stride (averaging the overlapping pixels). Moreover, recurrence analysis detected the more susceptible areas and eliminated the look-alike. False-positive features have a high spatial presence, but with low recurrence (rarely reaching 3 events), which facilitates their elimination using a threshold recurrence. This novel analysis for oil spills is suitable for understanding the patterns along the time and providing regions for the authorities in real-time.

Three new species of Microlaimus are described from the continental shelf of the Campos Basin, southwest Atlantic, Brazil. Microlaimus campiensis sp. n. differs from all other species in the presence of two anterior testes, slender spicules with enlarged proximal ends, 7–11 pre-cloacal papilliform supplements, and females with a pair of constriction structures, one on each branch of the ovary. Microlaimus alexandri sp. n. shows sexual dimorphism in the size of the amphidial fovea, which occupies 100% of the diameter of the corresponding area in the male; the buccal cavity provided with five teeth and a slightly cuticularized cuticular ring. Microlaimus vitorius sp. n. has four longitudinal-lateral rows of glands associated with small pores, one seta and three pores small pre-cloacal, and the gubernaculum has a triangular base. An amendment to the diagnosis of the genus is proposed, where the number of teeth was modified.

Abstract Given the growth the oil industry faced in contemporary Brazil and, since the Environmental Education is a compensatory measure in the federal environmental licensing, the aims of the present article are: i) mapping the publications on "environmental vulnerability"; ii) checking on the incorporation of such concept into the institutional and legal environmental education (EE) framework in oil licensing iii) understanding how the mentioned concept is used by economic agents in Macaé city. The methodology consisted of a participant observation approach used during the implementation of an EA program in Macae between 2012 and 2014, as well as of literature review, data collection in the legislation on EA in oil licensing and in technical documents produced by economic agents. Despite the advancement of academic discussions about the "environmental vulnerability" concept, we see the absence of clear criteria to define the social groups in vulnerability situations in educational activities concerning the environmental licensing.

Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are membrane lipids produced by bacteria usually ascribed to soil and peat deposits. The presence of brGDGTs in marine sediments can thus be used to track terrigenous organic matter inputs to the continental margin and to infer the local continental mean annual air temperature (MAT) and soil pH. The proxy rationale is based on the degree methylation and cyclization of the brGDGTs from terrestrial bacteria, but recently evidence was found of river and oceanic production of brGDGTs with similar configuration, indicating the necessity to better constrain the applicability of the soil brGDGTs in the marine realm. Here we considered crenarchaeol and brGDGTs obtained in 46 core-top sediments from cross-margin transects in the Campos Basin in the Southwest Atlantic, with the goal to evaluate the effectiveness of the brGDGT-associated proxies in a region in the southeastern tropical Brazilian continental margin influenced by upwelling events and low terrigenous inputs. The separation of the 5- and 6-methyl brGDGTs proved to be essential for a better evaluation of the sources of brGDGTs in the environment. Direct evidence of input of terrigenous organic matter by the medium-sized Paraíba do Sul River and other small rivers in the region were observed. More importantly, the high proportions of ring-containing brGDGTs—and the consequent increased values of the #ringstetra–in the sediments deposited between 75 and 400 m water depths (mid-shelf to upper slope) were clear evidence of marine in situ production of brGDGTs. In some stations deeper than 1,900 m, an increase in the acyclic 6-methyl hexamethylated compounds can also be ascribed to in situ production. Our results revealed that the initial soil signal is lost during transport and after river discharge in the Campos Basin, which compromise the use of brGDGTs to reconstruct the soil pH and MAT of the nearby land area.

The purpose of this article is to discuss the audiovisual production as an activity to identify the “environmental impacts”, in environmental education in the context of petrol and gas Brazilian licensing process. The question is: Can collective film production be an instrument to express the notion of “environmental impact” of which the social groups belong to? Such a question is answered by reading the documentaries aimed at strengthening local social struggles. Thirty documentaries produced in 2007 were analyzed in ten counties located on the coast of Rio de Janeiro. It shows that the aesthetic form of the documentaries, the search for the look of “affected” and, above all, the direction of the camera reveal nuances of how the groups understand the “environmental impacts” of the economic development process, contributing to further discussions regarding the local implementation of environmental policy, for example, democratic and participatory territorial management. The study concludes pointing out that the production of documentaries as social participation instrument in this case seem to have punctual and temporary effects.

This paper presents morphological descriptions and ecological data of cryptogam spores and other non-pollen palynomorphs from Quaternary sediments of Campos Basin, Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil. The ages were derived from biostratigraphy of planktonic foraminifers and two radiocarbon dates, and suggest that sediment deposition started in the last 140,000 years BP. Thirty different types of palynomorphs were identified, described, and photographed: two bryophyte spores (sensu lato); 21 pteridophyte spores; four freshwater microalgae; onePseudoschizaea; and two microfungi. Some of the identified spores (Sphagnum, Blechnum, Cyatheaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Lycopodiella, Microgramma, Polypodium, Acrostichum, Pityrogramma, and Lygodium) are related to the modern flora found on the northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State, at the Restinga of Jurubatiba, from vegetation types such as shrub swamp/coastal swamp formation, seasonally flooded forest, Clusia and Ericaceae woods, and disturbed vegetation. The freshwater microalgae and the microfungi are also presently recorded from the coastal lagoons of this region. The high spore concentration in slope sediments reflects the intense terrigenous influx, caused by a relative low sealevel during glacial stages. Palynological analysis suggests the presence of taxa from flooded forests and humid areas in the coastal plain during glacial and interglacial stages of the Late Pleistocene.

A new amphipod species of Metharpinia Schellenberg, 1931 is described from Campos Basin, southeastern Brazilian coast. The material was collected with van Veen grab from unconsolidated substratum, off the mouth of the Paraíba do Sul River. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by presenting a strongly constricted rostrum and a slender palp of maxilla 1. There are four species in Metharpinia from the South Atlantic: M. dentiurosoma Alonso de Pina, 2003, M. grandirama Alonso de Pina, 2003 and M. iado Alonso de Pina, 2003, and Metharpinia taylorae sp. nov. This is the first record of a species of the genus from Brazilian waters.

Here, we describe pollen grains extracted from a Pleistocene-Holocene sediment core (BU-91-GL-05; 22°48'45"S; 41°54'13"W) taken from the Albacora Slope (22°48'45"S; 41°54'13"W), located in the Campos Basin of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The analysis resulted in the identification and morphological description of 46 types of pollen: one of a gymnosperm genus (Podocarpus); and 45 of angiosperm taxa across 27 families-one family of monocotyledons (Poaceae) and 26 families (30 types) of dicotyledons. The most common angiosperm families were Amaranthaceae (Chenopodium, Amaranthus and Gomphrena); Fabaceae (Fabaceae type, Bauhinia, Inga and Canavalia); Malpighiaceae (Tetrapteris, Heteropteris and Peixotoa); Malvaceae (Sida, Abutilon, Hibiscus and Pseudobombax); Rubiaceae (Faramea, Borreria and Psychotria); Asteraceae (Eupatorium and tribe Vernonieae); Bignoniaceae (Bignoniaceae type, Adenocalymma and Tabebuia); and Onagraceae (Fuchsia and Ludwigia). The palynoflora in this study are associated with dense montane and submontane Atlantic Forest, semideciduous forest and restinga (coastal woodland), all of which are present in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Palynological analysis can provide important data about paleovegetation and paleoclimatic changes in the studied area during the Quaternary, specifically in the last 145,000 years.

O presente trabalho apresenta uma comparação entre algumas rodadas do modelo numérico de geração e propagação de ondas Wavewatch III empregando campos de vento com diferentes resoluções espaciais e temporais em uma região tropical do oceano Atlântico Sul. Os campos de vento utilizados de entrada são os da Reanálise do NCEP (com resolução espacial de cerca de 2º e resolução temporal de 6 horas), do Global Forecast System (resolução espacial de 1º e resolução temporal de 6 horas), bem como os campos de maior resolução espacial e temporal de um modelo de mesoescala (Mesoscale Modeling System), com resolução espacial de 0,2º e resolução temporal de 1 e 6 horas. As estimativas de altura significativa, período de pico e direção principal de propagação do Wavewatch III, assim como as estimativas dos ventos usados como entrada, são comparadas com as medições de ondas de um radar e de um anemômetro, ambos instalados na Bacia de Campos, sudeste do Brasil. Os resultados mostram que campos de vento com maior resolução espacial têm um impacto positivo sobre a previsão das ondas. No entanto, mantendo a mesma resolução espacial e aumentando a resolução temporal, não se obtém melhores estimativas dos campos de onda.This work presents a comparison among several runs of the numerical wave model, Wavewatch III (WW3) employing different temporal and spatial resolutions for the wind fields in a tropical area of the Southern Atlantic Ocean. The input wind fields are from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, with 2º spatial resolution and 6 hours temporal resolution, the Global Forecast System (GFS) analysis, with 1º spatial resolution and 6 hours temporal resolution, as well as the higher spatial and temporal resolution fields of a mesoscale model (Mesoscale Modeling System), with 0.2º spatial resolution and temporal resolution of 1 and 6 hours. The WW3 estimates of significant wave height, peak period and main propagation direction, as well as the wind estimates used as input, are inter-compared against a radar wave measurements and wind speed and direction recorded from an anemometer, both instruments operating on board at an oil platform in the Campos Basin, south-eastern Brazil. The results show that a higher spatial resolution for the wind input has a positive impact on the wave estimates. However, maintaining the same spatial resolution and increasing the temporal resolution does not translate into significantly better wave estimates.

Plant components recognized as trichomes (unicellular or multicellular structures occurring in the plant epidermis) havebeen being recorded in Cretaceous sediments submitted for palynological analyses. The objective of the present paper is to record the occurrence of these fossil trichomes, and to classify them by proposing an artificial scheme that could be applied for biostratigraphic purposes. The material analyzed derives mainly from petroleum wells that penetrated Cretaceous strata in the Santos and Campos basins of offshore southeastern Brazil. Based on selected characteristics (number of arms, relative diameter, number of cells, type of base, angle formed by arms, central area pattern and presenceof stalk), twelve basic morphotypes are identifiable: (1) simple; (2) T-shaped; (3) Y-shaped; (4) double (twin); (5) triple; (6) fasciculate; (7) tufted fasciculate; (8) multiradiate; (9) tufted multiradiate; (10) three-dimensional stellate; (11) tufted three-dimensional stellate; and (12) planar (two-dimensional) stellate. Within each of these morphotypes, subtypes based on secondary characteristics (morphology of arm ends, curvature, sinuosity etc.) could be recognized, thus resulting in 63 morphotaxa. Clearly, this large morphological variability among trichomes presents significant scope for their application in biostratigraphy. This assumes especial importance in the Santonian (Upper Cretaceous) strata of the Santos and Campos basins, where paleowildfires caused by regional volcanism have resulted in the scarcity of conventional, biostratigraphicallysignificant palynomorphs (spores and pollen grains).

The genus Lepechinella Stebbing, 1908 has a cosmopolitan distribution and includes 28 species. The three new species of the genus described herein were provided from samples collected from the slope of Campos Basin, as part of the Campos Basin deep-sea environmental project. Samples were taken using a box corer between the depths of 700 and 2000 m. Lepechinella hirsuta n. sp. is characterised by the presence of simple setae on the dorsal midline of the body, an anterior tooth and an anterolateral projection on peraeonite 1; Lepechinella campensis n. sp. has peraeonite 1 dorsally sinuous and a posterior upright tooth on peraeonites 2 to 7; and Lepechinella laurensi n. sp. has peraeonites 1 to 4 dorsally sinuous and a posterior inclined tooth on peraeonites 5 to 7. This study provides full descriptions of these three new species and an identification key for South Atlantic species of the genus Lepechinella.

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) onboard satellites is the only source of directional wave spectra with continuous and global coverage. Millions of SAR Wave Mode (SWM) imagettes have been acquired since the launch in the early 1990's of the first European Remote Sensing Satellite ERS-1 and its successors ERS-2 and ENVISAT, which has opened up many possibilities specially for wave data assimilation purposes. The main aim of data assimilation is to improve the forecasting introducing available observations into the modeling procedures in order to minimize the differences between model estimates and measurements. However there are limitations in the retrieval of the directional spectrum from SAR images due to nonlinearities in the mapping mechanism. The Max-Planck Institut (MPI) scheme, the first proposed and most widely used algorithm to retrieve directional wave spectra from SAR images, is employed to compare significant wave heights retrieved from ERS-1 SAR against buoy measurements and against the WAM wave model. It is shown that for periods shorter than 12 seconds the WAM model performs better than the MPI, despite the fact that the model is used as first guess to the MPI method, that is the retrieval is deteriorating the first guess. For periods longer than 12 seconds, the part of the spectrum that is directly measured by SAR, the performance of the MPI scheme is at least as good as the WAM model.

Abstract Phoxocephalopsids are fossorial amphipods endemic to the Southern Hemisphere and currently encompass five genera and 15 species, including the four new species herein described. Previous records of the family along the Brazilian coast are limited to Phoxocephalopsis zimmeriSchellenberg, 1931. Based on material from the Crustacean Collection of Museu Nacional/UFRJ four new species of Phoxocephalopsidae areherein described: Phoxocephalopsis ruffoi sp. nov. from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul (23o-30oS); Puelche irenae sp. nov. from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (19o-23oS); Puelche longidactylus sp. nov. from Bahia, Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro (12o-23oS) and Puelche mourae sp. nov. found only at Rio de Janeiro. High diversity was recorded from the Campos Basin region, which extends from the north of Rio de Janeiro to south of Espírito Santo (21o-23oS), with the presence of all four phoxocephalid species. A key to Phoxocephalopsidae species from Brazil, including P. orensanziBarnard and Clark, 1982 is provided.

Abstract We applied a method of Simultaneous Prestack Seismic Inversion (SPSI) in a hydrocarbon field located in the Campos Basin, Brazil. The goal was to study the application of this method to Albian carbonate rocks of the Quissamã Formation. Based on what is found in nearby fields, this Formation potentially contains hydrocarbon accumulations that can be revealed with the inverted models. P-wave velocity (Vp), S-wave velocity (Vs) and density (ρ) curves along seven wells were used as inputs to construct 3-D initial models of acoustic impedance (Zp), shear impedance (Zs) and ρ. Wells without Vs and ρ curves had those values calculated from well-established equations. Final 3-D models were calculated from deviations in linear relationships between the logarithms of Zs and Zp, as well as between ρ and Zp, which were merged with the initial models. Interpretations of the inversion results were conducted based on patterns found along well logs such as resistivity (ILD), gamma ray (GR), density (RHOB), neutron porosity (NPHI) and sonic (DT). These analyses provided criteria to select the best inverted models. These models show low impedance anomalies that are consistent with previous studies performed with the well logs. One well in particular was interpreted as having high potential to contain hydrocarbons. This well shows an impedance pattern that allowed us to highlight other areas with the same pattern throughout the entire seismic volume.

Abstract Reservoir static modelling plays a fundamental role in the evaluation phase of a petroleum field. Integrated modelling allows a better understanding of how the local geology and depositional systems are related through the distribution of facies and petrophysical properties within the reservoir. In this study, geological static models of the siliciclastic Carapebus Formation of Campos Basin were built using subsurface data. The applied methodology was divided into five phases: (1) establishment of a conceptual model, (2) building of a structural model, (3) generation of 100 realizations of lithofacies using sequential indicator simulation, (4) generation of 100 realizations of porosity and permeability using sequential Gaussian simulation, and (5) validation of models by targeting both statistical and geological consistency. The obtained models are consistent and honor the conditioning data. A lithofacies constraint is crucial to better characterize the petrophysical properties distribution of the reservoir. A Dykstra-Parsons coefficient of V=0.52 characterizes this reservoir as moderately homogeneous.