Search

El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las estructuras textuales que manifiestan la construcción de una nueva identidad social a través del análisis del discurso de las personas con un trastorno mental severo de Radio Nikosia en Barcelona. Se seleccionaron sus testimonios haciendo la transcripción de un total de 3 programas de radio, 7 reportajes y una entrevista recopilados del año 2008 al 2016. El análisis de la información uso la taxonomía de identidades como herramienta manual para el análisis de los datos textuales mediante una metodología cualitativa. Los resultados muestran diferentes tipologías de identidades desarrollando un proceso de categorización que puede tener implicaciones en el desarrollo de proyectos de intervención social, en los que se produce un proceso de empoderamiento que paradójicamente, no les aleja del estigma social ni de procesos que controlan la construcción de la locura de acuerdo con la lógica cognitiva dominante.

Since the number of studies on the phytoplankton of Serranía de Cuenca (central Spain) has been scarce, this is an attempt to increase our knowledge by describing the physico-chemistry, phytoplankton flora and biomass of seven stagnant environments in summer. They are located in a karstic depopulated area where abandonment of crops and livestock has resulted in decreasing human impacts. As a result, flagellate-rich taxa indicating clean waters are dominant, showing some rare species as well. Biomass is low and seemingly limited by phosphorus. These environments are worth of wider and detailed studies on its algal flora, which will probably result in the description of novel phytoplankton taxa and new records of rare species.

Metacommunities are dynamic systems, but the influence of time independently of environmental change in their configuration has been rarely considered. In temporary ponds, strong temporal effects are expected to influence their metacommunity structure, even in relatively constant environments such as tropical habitats. We therefore expect that time as an independent factor could modulate tropical pond metacommunities, which would be also less affected by niche-related processes than by dispersal-related processes. In addition, good dispersers should be more environmentally structured than bad dispersers, which should be more spatially structured. Finally, the relevance of temporal effects should vary among organisms with different generation times. To test these hypotheses, we surveyed 30 temporary ponds along the dry tropical region of western Costa Rica and Nicaragua at three different moments of their hydroperiod: shortly after the infilling of the water bodies, at the middle of the hydroperiod and just before desiccation. We obtained data on 56 environmental variables and used geographic coordinates to build spatial variables (Moran Eigenvector Maps). We collected biological samples and estimated the specific abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthic invertebrates. To evaluate the relative role of environmental, spatial and temporal (sequential sampling season) effects for metacommunity organization, we used variation partitioning with distance-based redundancy analyses for each group of organisms. The inclusion of time in the analysis highlighted that pure temporal effects explained part of metacommunity variance in almost every group, being as important as spatial or even environmental effects for some groups of organisms. In contrast to the assumed low environmental constraints in tropical areas (i.e., high and stable temperatures), we found strong environmental effects. Passive dispersers were more influenced by environmental factors than active ones. We also found a positive relationship between the body size of the different groups of organisms and the magnitude of the temporal effects, interpreted as related to generation time. Finally, when analyzing each sampling period separately, we found differences in the relative role of environment and space at different sampling periods, showing that snapshot surveys may not be representative of highly dynamic metacommunities.

Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in Chile is being affected by silver disease whose causative agent is Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.) Pouzar. This fungus causes a decrease in the yield of the fruit and the death of the plant. So far, this disease has not been reported in the literature attacking blueberry plants in Chile. The main objective of this research was to characterize genetically the populations of Ch. purpureum at molecular level using the ITS-RFLP markers. The results of the ITS-RFLP indicate a low level of diversity in the Chilean populations of Ch. purpureum. When analyzing the isolates collected in blueberry, two large groups were configured in the dendrogram. The first one grouped 49 isolates with the same molecular profile and in the second cluster there was a greater diversity among the isolates. On the other hand, when we analyzed Ch. purpureum isolates collected in other hosts, 12 isolates constituted a group with identical molecular profile with the 49 isolates collected from blueberry. Analysis of variance of the molecular data showed that there were no statistical differences between Ch. purpureum collected in different areas or in different hosts.

No disponible.

No disponible.

Phytoplankton production (PP) in wetlands is not measured as often as that of macrophytes. A three year-study during a period of sustained high flooding was undertaken in a central Spanish floodplain wetland (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park) to determine net PP, its spatial heterogeneity and controlling factors, and compare it with primary production in macrophyte communities. This enabled us to estimate carbon budgets for each community. All PP variables showed high spatial and temporal variability among sites, resulting in low coherence even when flooding connected all sites. Net PP corresponded to 25- 36% of submerged plant production and 3-10% of helophyte production. Net PP was controlled by different size fractions of phytoplankton biomass at different wetland sites. Neither nutrients nor zooplankton affected net PP or productivity. A high spatiotemporal variability of PP in wetlands occurs arising from complex processes that affect the underwater light field. Carbon budgets of phytoplankton often exceeded those of submerged macrophytes and attained between 4 and 37% of helophyte budgets. Although usually considered to be marginal, our study shows that PP in the open water of wetlands should be taken into account for determining accurate wetland carbon budgets, mostly in periods of high flooding, which often result in changing the carbon budget of primary producers.

The alternating climate between wet and dry periods has important effects on the hydrology and therefore on niche-based processes of water bodies in tropical areas. Additionally, assemblages of microorganism can show spatial patterns, in the form of a distance decay relationship due to their size or life form. We aimed to test spatial and environmental effects, modulated by a seasonal flooding climatic pattern, on the distribution of microalgae in 30 wetlands of a tropical dry forest region: the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and Nicaragua. Three surveys were conducted corresponding to the beginning, the highest peak, and the end of the hydrological year during the wet season, and species abundance and composition of planktonic and benthic microalgae was determined. Variation partitioning analysis (as explained by spatial distance or environmental factors) was applied to each seasonal dataset by means of partial redundancy analysis. Our results show that microalgal assemblages were structured by spatial and environmental factors depending on the hydrological period of the year. At the onset of hydroperiod and during flooding, neutral effects dominated community dynamics, but niche-based local effects resulted in more structured algal communities at the final periods of desiccating water bodies. Results suggest that climate-mediated effects on hydrology can influence the relative role of spatial and environmental factors on metacommunities of microalgae. Such variability needs to be accounted in order to describe accurately community dynamics in tropical coastal wetlands.

The genus Metarhizium consists of a diverse group of asexual entomopathogenic fungi, which have a wide geographical distribution. The Chilean National Agricultural Research Institute (Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias - INIA, Quilamapu Chile) has collected about 350 isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae from central and southern Chile. These isolates have been partially characterized using morphological traits such as conidia size and shape, colony color, growth pattern and the efficiency of the isolates in controlling specific pests. However, further characterization with molecular markers could detect differences in DNA which could help to better understand the genetic diversity and structure of Chilean populations of this fungus. We analyzed approximately 10% of the INIA collection (39 isolates selected at random) collected from different geographical origins using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, simple sequences repeat (SSR or microsatellites) analysis and the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay of internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-rDNA sequences. The RAPD data revealed high genetic diversity in this fungus and an average of 41% of similarity while SSR analysis detected 45.2% similarity and the ITS markers 70.2% similarity. For the three molecular markers, this diversity was not associated with the geographical origin of these isolates.

Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park is a semiarid, hypertrophic wetland located in La Mancha (Ciudad Real, Central Spain). During the period 1996-2002 we carried out monthly samplings at three sites of Las Tablas. Thirty five taxa of Euglenophytes of the genera Astasia (1 taxon), Euglena (15), Lepocinclis (6), Phacus (9), and Trachelomonas (4) were identified. Six taxa are new records for Spain. Abundance, species richness, species groups and absolute and relative biomass of Euglenophytes widely fluctuated spatio-temporally in Las Tablas, without any statistically significant relationship (P > 0.05) with organic carbon (either particulate or dissolved), which has been long considered the main factor controlling the occurrence and abundance of Euglenophytes. The same lack of relationship was observed for other nutrients, such as ammonia, soluble reactive phosphorus and total nitrogen and phosphorus. Our results challenge the role of Euglenophytes for assessing environmental degradation in hypertrophic ecosystems, a topic of increasing interest in view of the newly implemented European Water Framework Directive and its proposals for biological monitoring. However, these results might invigorate ecological studies on Euglenophytes, still in its infancy unlike in other algal groups.

The current ecosystem paradigm in limnology is represented by the cold temperate, stratifying lake and the single-channelled river. However, the variety of inland water ecosystems is much higher, and so is the ecological complexity of many of them. Most Mediterranean limnosystems are quite distinct from the contemporary limnological paradigm. This overview will deal with the striking and exciting differences between Mediterranean and other temperate limnosystems. For example, most are very small, their catchment area is much larger than their size, and they experience both a longer vegetation period and a strong seasonality in water supply which occurs outside the hot season, often from groundwater sources. In addition, we encourage research on the often poorly known limnological processes taking place in Mediterranean regions by pointing at insufficiently covered research fields. Furthermore, competition for water among different users, arising from population increase in fertile and/or tourist areas, is certainly limiting the ability of many Mediterranean limnosystems to survive at present and in the near future, particularly in the face of the harsher environmental conditions that climatic change is triggering. A new paradigm on Mediterranean limnology is thus necessary. This will enable us to predict and mitigate more accurately the unstoppable effects of man-made change in these beautiful and still largely ignored ecosystems.

Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park is an important semi-arid wetland, biodiversity reserve, that is experiencing an accelerated eutrophication process and dramatic hydrological changes in recent years. This paper reports the taxonomy, dynamics and ecology of 9 planktonic diatoms (2 centric, 7 pennate) and 37 chlorophytes (24 coccoids. 8 flageflated and 5 species of other groups) which were found from 1996 to 1998. Despite the higher diversity of Chlorococcales, diatoms made a major contribution to algal biomass. Most species are typical of eutrophic systems and some are salinity indicators (Chaetoceros muelleri). Scenedesmus quadricauda, Cyclotella meneghiniana and Nitzschia acicularis were the most common species. Pteromonas limnetica is a new record for Spain. There was a remarkable decrease in phytoplankton density and a 50 % species substitution in comparison to the drier period 1992-1993. Species distribution through the wetland was very heterogeneous spatially and temporally, without any pattern.

Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park is a semiarid wetland that exhibits a high biodiversity but is suffering an inexorable eutrophication process. The study of the phytoplankton in this wetland is interesting because of its hydrological fluctuations (drought period until 1996) and its trophic condition. This papers shows the taxonomy, dynamic, and ecology of microalgae in five áreas of the Park from 1996 to 1998, which allow comparisons to be made between the present state and the 1992-1993 period. Twelve taxa of Cyanophyta, 4 of Dynophyceae, 8 of Cryptophyceae, 5 of Chrysophyceae and one of Xanthophyceae were found. Almost all species have been already cited in Spain and are typical for eutrophic environments. Cyanophyceae and Cryptophyceae were the most important groups (Planktothrix agardhii, Anabaenopsis elenkinii, Cryptomonas erosa as the most common algae). Moreover, oscillatorial Cyanophyceae (in 1992) have been replaced by N-fixing nostocal ones, related to the high level of pollution found in recent years.

Las Tablas de Daimiel is one of the most important wetlands in the Iberian Península. The increase of water contamination is producing obvious eutrophication. Monthly water samples were taken during 1996 and 1997 at five places - both from channels and shallow water (tablas). 18 taxa of Euglenophyta were found, two of them had been found before in Las Tablas de Daimiel (Astasia sp. and Euglena acus). Nine species are new records for this wetland (E. acilis, E. polymorpha, Lepocinclis ovum var. dimidio-minor. Phacus brevicaudatus, P. pyrum, P. skujae, Trachelomonas armata, T. abrupta and T. volvocinopsis); six species are new records for Spain (E. agilis var. piriformis, E. clara, E. oxyuris var. oxyuris, E. splendens, L. ovum var. globula, and P. brachykentron), and one species is new record for Europe (T. sculpta). The richness of Euglenophyta has increased conspicuously (1 species in 1975, 8 species in 1992-1993 and 18 species in 1996-1997). Moreover, the increasing water level from 19% has reduced the Euglenophyta density and these populations have simultaneously spread throughout the whole Park. The fluctuation seen in the Euglenophyte populations of the Tablas de Daimiel is not a response to contamination events, but the result of a the long eutrophication process endured by these wetlands.

Ecological systems may occur in alternative states that differ in ecological structures, functions and processes. Resilience is the measure of disturbance an ecological system can absorb before changing states. However, how the intrinsic structures and processes of systems that characterize their states affects their resilience remains unclear. We analyzed time series of phytoplankton communities at three sites in a floodplain in central Spain to assess the dominant frequencies or "temporal scales" in community dynamics and compared the patterns between a wet and a dry alternative state. The identified frequencies and cross-scale structures are expected to arise from positive feedbacks that are thought to reinforce processes in alternative states of ecological systems and regulate emergent phenomena such as resilience. Our analyses show a higher species richness and diversity but lower evenness in the dry state. Time series modeling revealed a decrease in the importance of short-term variability in the communities, suggesting that community dynamics slowed down in the dry relative to the wet state. The number of temporal scales at which community dynamics manifested, and the explanatory power of time series models, was lower in the dry state. The higher diversity, reduced number of temporal scales and the lower explanatory power of time series models suggest that species dynamics tended to be more stochastic in the dry state. From a resilience perspective our results highlight a paradox: increasing species richness may not necessarily enhance resilience. The loss of cross-scale structure (i.e. the lower number of temporal scales) in community dynamics across sites suggests that resilience erodes during drought. Phytoplankton communities in the dry state are therefore likely less resilient than in the wet state. Our case study demonstrates the potential of time series modeling to assess attributes that mediate resilience. The approach is useful for assessing resilience of alternative states across ecological and other complex systems.

Desde una perspectiva pragmática y del desarrollo teórico de la metáfora como constituyentes de la realidad, las interacciones y las acciones comunicativas, el objetivo de este artículo es identificar el efecto de las estrategias argumentativas en la deconstrucción de la identidad del trastorno mental de personas diagnosticadas con un trastorno mental. El corpus de estudio está formado por materiales de dominio público de Radio Nikosia, y está compuesto por un conjunto de textos extraídos de varias fuentes de producción discursiva en las que se han inferido las metáforas conceptuales observando su correspondencia con el dominio destino. Los resultados han mostrado que el/la hablante organiza estrategias para desenmascarar los procesos de dominación que históricamente han influido en el discurso hegemónico de la psiquiatría. Así mismo, destaca estrategias discursivas en las que las personas participantes se autorepresentan ubicándose en el rol de enfermo/a mental. El estudio de la metáfora conceptual hizo posible mostrar su influencia en los procesos argumentativos y, en concreto, la emergencia de un discurso disidente que lucha contra el estigma social del trastorno mental. From a pragmatic perspective and from the theoretical development of metaphor as constituents of reality, interactions and communicative actions, the objective of this article is to identify the effect of argumentative strategies in the deconstruction of identity in mental disorders. of people diagnosed with a mental disorder. The study corpus is made up of public domain materials from Radio Ni-kosia, and is made up of a set of texts extracted from various sources of discursive production in which conceptual metaphors have been inferred by observing their correspondence with the target domain. The results have shown that the speaker organizes strategies to unmask the domination processes that have historically influenced the hegemonic discourse of psychiatry. Likewise, it highlights discursive strategies in which the participants represent themselves by placing themselves in the role of mentally ill person. The study of conceptual metaphor made it possible to show its influence on argumentative processes and, specifically, the emergence of a dissident discourse that fights against the social stigma of mental disorders.

Neste trabalho, será analisado o teatro dissidente argentino do período ditatorial até os dias atuais. Esta resposta artística beligerante aos modelos políticos sociais autoritários está determinada pelos diferentes contextos e pelas duas vertentes nas quais atua: micropolítica, que busca criar um lugar alternativo, e micropolítica, que aspira ser macropolítica (Dubatti. Cartografía teatral).

This article offers the preliminary results of a project carried out by experts of computers as well as designers and archaeologists for the creation of realistic 3D models of Vetton Culture architectures based on the data recorded during excavations. The present example is focused specifically on the so-called castros (Iron Age settlements) of Castillo de Saldeana (Saldeana), Lugar Viejo (Yecla de Yeltes) and Las Merchanas (Lumbrales).

Entrevista concedida por Claudia Zapata a Sara Rojo e Graciela Ravetti

Este trabalho analisa, a partir dos estudos de gênero, a personagem de Antígona em relação ao desejo. Esta pesquisa está focalizada em três peças: Antígona furiosa, de Griselda Gambaro, Antígona, de Jean Anouilh, e Antígona, de Sófocles.

Esta pesquisa utiliza o conceito de gênero e a teoria semiótica, na abordagem da produção teatral de Griselda Gambaro (1928). Griselda Gambaro se caracteriza por uma linguagem mordaz e uma enunciação a partir do "outro". Seus textos levam o espectador a situações limites onde as personagens lutam contra o poder que anula quase sempre toda forma de vida, testemunhando as relações destrutivas existentes em nossas sociedades. O artigo parte do "eu" como sujeito produtor de discursos no interior de uma determinada cultura e reflete sobre as linguagens usadas dentro do corpus analisado; assim como sobre as variações de perspectivas e semânticas produzidas nos distintos períodos da escrita de Griselda Gambaro.

Este artigo discute as características apresentadas na escrita de Isidora Aguirre, a dramaturga mais constante e perene do teatro chileno. Partindo de sua enunciação analisam-se os códigos semióticos de seus textos, as metodologias escolhidas e o sujeito genérico de sua fala. Estuda-se sua dramaturgia observando as causas da sua sobrevida aos contextos e regimes diferentes, produzida no interior de um sistema literário patriarcal que sistemáticamente estabeleceu o cânon através da apropriação masculina da palavra.