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Aerobics lesson has a strong formative, given its content, in addition to specific steps"aerobic and a variety of means taken from basic gymnastics, rhythmic sportive, semi acrobatics elements, steps of classical dance, modern, folk, dance - jazz. All these means to develop general physical, improve physical and mental condition of the participants. Learning these practical and theoretical knowledge will help the student to work individually at home. Aerobics lesson objectives coincide with the main objectives of aerobic gymnastics.

Climate change, the number of the global population, and the diversity of activities with an impact on the planet have been on an upward slope, which requires taking preventive measures and changing from a social, economic, and environmental perspective, thus meaning that the adoption of a sustainable lifestyle is necessary. This study provides a review of the literature on the adoption of the circular economy and sustainability concepts in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector. This study aims to qualitatively assess the need to implement sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry, given that the latter has a significant environmental impact on human existence. In this study, the “Web of Science," "Scopus,” databases, and “Springer Publishing” are used, from which works are extracted based on the keywords sustainability in the pharmaceutical industry and circular economy in the pharmaceutical industry, following the evolution of works written in the last ten years on this topic. The most relevant approaches of the authors to this topic are presented. It can be seen that this topic is one discussed by an important category of researchers, especially in countries where the need for medicines is greater due to the standard of living, such as those in Asia, for example. The research can also be extended to other databases using the same keywords or words related to sustainability or circular economy in the pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract Geomorphic environments play a crucial role in influencing the preservation and characteristics of tsunami deposits. This paper introduces a global database of tsunami deposits, encompassing information on deposit locations, thematic data such as geomorphic environments and proxies and bibliographic details. Additionally, the database features maps incorporating environmental parameters and the precise locations of tsunami deposits. The primary utility of this database lies in assessing progress and identifying gaps in knowledge. It also involves analysing the relationship between environmental parameters and interpreting areas with varying probabilities of tsunami deposit preservation. The files are readily compatible with GIS software and can seamlessly integrate into spatial databases associated with tsunamis or other hazards. This contributes significantly to disaster risk management, enhancing preparedness and response efforts by providing a comprehensive historical dataset on tsunamis. Future applications of the database include the incorporation of modern deposits, boulders and new data from paleotsunami and historical studies. By enhancing data with thematic information, such as dating techniques and creating timelines, the database facilitates a more comprehensive understanding. The correlation between geomorphic environments and proxies aids in selecting sampling sites and identifying suitable proxies for analysis. Encouraging an open‐access approach, this database invites all interested researchers to include and modify additional information. The information compiled for this database serves multiple purposes: (1) assessing the global distribution of tsunami deposits; (2) identifying knowledge gaps in tsunami deposits; (3) guiding the selection of study areas for further research and finally; (4) enabling a meta‐analysis of the information gathered.

Abstract Objective Obesity represents a significant global health challenge characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. The hypothalamus, a key regulator of energy homeostasis, is particularly susceptible to obesity’s deleterious effects. This study investigated the role of the immunoproteasome, a specialized proteasomal complex implicated in inflammation and cellular homeostasis, during metabolic diseases. Methods The levels of the immunoproteasome β5i subunit were analyzed by immunostaining, western blotting, and proteasome activity assay in mice fed with either a high-fat diet (HFD) or a regular diet (CHOW). We also characterized the impact of autophagy inhibition on the levels of the immunoproteasome β5i subunit and the activation of the AKT pathway. Finally, through confocal microscopy, we analyzed the contribution of β5i subunit inhibition on mitochondrial function by flow cytometry and mitophagy assay. Results Using an HFD-fed obese mouse model, we found increased immunoproteasome levels in hypothalamic POMC neurons. Furthermore, we observed that palmitic acid (PA), a major component of saturated fats found in HFD, increased the levels of the β5i subunit of the immunoproteasome in hypothalamic neuronal cells. Notably, the increase in immunoproteasome expression was associated with decreased autophagy, a critical cellular process in maintaining homeostasis and suppressing inflammation. Functionally, PA disrupted the insulin-glucose axis, leading to reduced AKT phosphorylation and increased intracellular glucose levels in response to insulin due to the upregulation of the immunoproteasome. Mechanistically, we identified that the protein PTEN, a key regulator of insulin signaling, was reduced in an immunoproteasome-dependent manner. To further investigate the potential therapeutic implications of these findings, we used ONX-0914, a specific immunoproteasome inhibitor. We demonstrated that this inhibitor prevents PA-induced insulin-glucose axis imbalance. Given the interplay between mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, we explored the impact of ONX-0914 on mitochondrial function. Notably, ONX-0914 preserved mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuated mitochondrial ROS production in the presence of PA. Moreover, we found that ONX-0914 reduced mitophagy in the presence of PA. Conclusions Our findings strongly support the pathogenic involvement of the immunoproteasome in hypothalamic neurons in the context of HFD-induced obesity and metabolic disturbances. Targeting the immunoproteasome highlights a promising therapeutic strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of obesity on the insulin-glucose axis and cellular homeostasis. This study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms driving obesity-related metabolic diseases and offers potential avenues for developing novel therapeutic interventions.

Geomorphological and climatic variations in Colombia make a large part of the territory vulnerable to disaster risks, as a result of multiple underlying factors that require identification for proper management. For this reason, the underlying factors associated with the vulnerability of the municipality of Carmen de Atrato were determined. A perception, social and territorial analysis was carried out based on information gathered through surveys and semi-structured interviews, which included information related to socioeconomic, demographic, climate variability and natural resources, territorial planning and governance dimensions. With this information, the main factors were defined and weighted. It was observed that mass movements have the highest level of occurrence, followed by torrential floods and floods. Interconnections between variables were found, highlighting the scarce participation of communities in activities related to risk management due to their limited knowledge of planning instruments. A decrease in forest cover was noted in high-risk zones, related to changes in land use for economic activities. Finally, the high levels of risk identified suggest that prompt and effective intervention should be made.

Traditional map projections introduce distortions, especially for global data. Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) offer an alternative by dividing the Earth into equal-area grid cells at different resolutions. This paper describes xdggs, a new Xarray extension that simplifies working with DGGS. Xdggs provides a unified API for various DGGS libraries and integrates seamlessly with the Pangeo ecosystem through extending the widely used Xarray library to use the DGGS-specific cell identifiers as an index. This development makes DGGS more accessible and will lead to facilitating data analysis on a planetary scale.Xdggs aims to provide a user-friendly API that hides the implementation complexities of different DGGS libraries. And because it integrates seamlessly with Xarray, a popular tool for geospatial data analysis, xdggs promotes FAIR data practices by simplifying data access and interoperability and can become a valuable tool for geospatial scientists and application developers working with global datasets.

Esta investigación se realizó en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas con mujeres científicas de diferentes edades. El objetivo general fue diagnosticar las necesidades y potencialidades de las mujeres científicas en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas a través de un estudio de caso interpretativo. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas de investigación, como el análisis de documentos, la observación participante, el diario del investigador, entrevistas en profundidad, producto de la actividad y juegos de roles. Para ello, se definieron cuatro unidades de análisis según las edades de las participantes, y se estructuró en 3 fases: preactiva, interactiva y posactiva. Se utilizó la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para determinar las categorías y subcategorías como criterio de especialista para medir la investigación de manera eficiente, así como encontrar nexos teóricos en el escenario. Se arrojaron las siguientes regularidades: las cubanas tienen un contexto histórico social que facilita su desarrollo profesional, aunque reconocen obstáculos en el ambiente familiar y económico que retardó su desarrollo profesional con respecto a los hombres. Las mujeres científicas de mediana edad sufrieron la disyuntiva de una consolidación familiar y el desarrollo de una maternidad plena. La formación académica de las mujeres científicas posee un desbalance entre las ciencias exactas y humanísticas optando por estas últimas en su gran mayoría.

Esta investigación se realizó en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas con mujeres científicas de diferentes edades. El objetivo general fue diagnosticar las necesidades y potencialidades de las mujeres científicas en la Universidad Central “Marta Abreu” de Las Villas a través de un estudio de caso interpretativo. Se emplearon métodos y técnicas de investigación, como el análisis de documentos, la observación participante, el diario del investigador, entrevistas en profundidad, producto de la actividad y juegos de roles. Para ello, se definieron cuatro unidades de análisis según las edades de las participantes, y se estructuró en 3 fases: preactiva, interactiva y posactiva. Se utilizó la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para determinar las categorías y subcategorías como criterio de especialista para medir la investigación de manera eficiente, así como encontrar nexos teóricos en el escenario. Se arrojaron las siguientes regularidades: las cubanas tienen un contexto histórico social que facilita su desarrollo profesional, aunque reconocen obstáculos en el ambiente familiar y económico que retardó su desarrollo profesional con respecto a los hombres. Las mujeres científicas de mediana edad sufrieron la disyuntiva de una consolidación familiar y el desarrollo de una maternidad plena. La formación académica de las mujeres científicas posee un desbalance entre las ciencias exactas y humanísticas optando por estas últimas en su gran mayoría.

Background: The events during acute HIV infection (AHI) set the stage for the subsequent course of the disease. Early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been associated with favorable immunovirological outcomes, yet the precise impact of ART timing during AHI remains unclear, particularly on lymphoid tissues. Materials and methods: The ACS cohort is a prospective cohort study in Belgium, collecting longitudinal clinical data and human bodily material (HBM) from people diagnosed and treated during AHI. The aim of the cohort is to study the impact of ART initiation during AHI on HIV reservoir and immune dysfunction in peripheral blood and anatomical sanctuary sites, as well as its effect on the gut microbiome. The cohort consists of two HBM sampling trajectories: one limited (blood, stool and leukapheresis) and a more extensive one (blood, stool, leukapheresis, colonoscopy, inguinal lymph node excision and lumbar puncture). Here we describe the baseline characteristics, immunovirological outcomes, safety and tolerability of HBM sampling. Results: Between March 2016 and April 2024, 47 participants were enrolled, predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM), with a median age of 36 years [IQR 30–43.5]. Almost 90 % of participants initiated ART within 72 h after study inclusion, irrespective of HBM sampling trajectory. The timing of ART initiation according to the Fiebig stage did not significantly impact immune recovery (CD4/CD8 ratio ≥1) or the time to viral suppression. Approximately 40 % of participants opted for the extensive HBM sampling trajectory during AHI. However, the participation rate for the extensive trajectory decreased by nearly half at the longitudinal follow-up timepoint. In general, study-related procedures were safe and well-tolerated, with limited procedure-related adverse events (AEs). Inguinal lymph node excision was associated with the highest AE rate, in line with previous reports. Conclusions: Our findings reaffirm the beneficial effect of ART initiation during AHI on long term immunovirological outcomes, regardless of Fiebig stage at treatment initiation. Additionally, we demonstrate that the collection of HBM during and longitudinally after AHI is safe and feasible, without compromising time to ART initiation. Cohorts that integrate comprehensive clinical data with high-quality HBM samples are essential to longitudinally study the impact of early ART on reservoir dynamics and immune responses across various anatomical sites after AHI.

Abstract Oxalate, a uremic toxin that accumulates in dialysis patients, is associated with cardiovascular disease. As oxalate crystals can activate immune cells, we tested the hypothesis that plasma oxalate would be associated with cytokine concentrations and cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis patients. In a cohort of 104 US patients with kidney failure requiring dialysis (cohort 1), we measured 21 inflammatory markers. As IL-16 was the only cytokine to correlate with oxalate, we focused further investigations on IL-16. We searched for associations between concentrations of IL-16 and mortality and cardiovascular events in the 4D cohort (1255 patients, cohort 2) and assessed further associations of IL-16 with other uremic toxins in this cohort. IL-16 levels were positively correlated with pOx concentrations (ρ = 0.39 in cohort 1, r = 0.35 in cohort 2) and were elevated in dialysis patients when compared to healthy individuals. No significant association could be found between IL-16 levels and cardiovascular events or mortality in the 4D cohort. We conclude that the cytokine IL-16 correlates with plasma oxalate concentrations and is substantially increased in patients with kidney failure on dialysis. However, no association could be detected between IL-16 concentrations and cardiovascular disease in the 4D cohort.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo describir las tendencias históricas de la formación pedagógica en enfermería en Cuba desde 1959 - 2022. Para ello, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, a partir de indicadores establecidos para analizar las tendencias históricas del proceso en la etapa estudiada, dividida en dos períodos: período de formación de base técnica y período de profesionalización de la enseñanza en enfermería; de ahí el predominio del método teórico de revisión documental y como empírico, la observación. Como principales resultados se destaca que se pasa de un modelo de formación de Enfermería, emanado de una concepción tecnicista que da cuenta de una formación fragmentada y carente de atención pedagógica hacia nuevas posibilidades formativas en lo pedagógico y atemperada a las nuevas condiciones de la ciencia y la tecnología; de igual modo, se corrobora una formación de este profesional que se encamina a establecer una integración coherente entre la práctica pedagógica pre profesional y la actuación en el área de salud.

La función del ajuar funerario para el viaje al más allá forma parte esencial de los ritos y rituales funerarios de Oaxaca. La ideología de la iglesia es que una vez que estás muerta, el alma va directa al cielo, al purgatorio o al infierno. Los pueblos indígenas de Oaxaca tienen una visión mucho más compleja y matizada. La sombra, no el alma, sigue presente en estado liminal, observadora consciente. Hay pocos estudios sobre prácticas funerarias de rituales del ajuar funerario y la cosmovisión en regiones indígenas. El objetivo es describir prácticas funerarias en comunidades indígenas del sur de Oaxaca y su sentido simbólico. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad con 73 personas mayores indígenas quien describieran los objetos enterrados, sus propósitos, el viaje durante la novena y el final, la Tierra de los Muertos. El conocimiento de las creencias y prácticas representa un acercamiento a las estrategias cognitivas y emocionales de las comunidades. Nos permite adentrarnos en el conocimiento y respeto de su organización social y cosmovisión. La enseñanza y práctica no pueden ser adecuada sin una conciencia de las diversidades en las creencias sobre la muerte, el viaje al más allá y la Tierra de los Muertos.

IntroductionPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment and mental health disorders compared to the general population. Physical exercise might improve their brain health. The overall goal of the HEART-BRAIN randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on brain health outcomes in patients with CAD, and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThis three-arm, single-blinded RCT will include 90 patients with CAD (50–75 years). Participants will be randomized into: (1) control group—usual care (n = 30), (2) aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 30), or (3) HIIT combined with resistance exercise training (n = 30). The 12-week intervention includes 3 supervised sessions (45-min each) per week for the exercise groups. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcome is to determine changes in cerebral blood flow assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes include changes in brain vascularization, cognitive measures (i.e., general cognition, executive function and episodic memory), and cardiorespiratory fitness. Additional health-related outcomes, and several potential mediators and moderators will be investigated (i.e., brain structure and function, cardiovascular and brain-based biomarkers, hemodynamics, physical function, body composition, mental health, and lifestyle behavior).ConclusionThe HEART-BRAIN RCT will provide novel insights on how exercise can impact brain health in patients with CAD and the potential mechanisms explaining the heart-brain connection, such as changes in cerebral blood flow. The results may have important clinical implications by increasing the evidence on the effectiveness of exercise-based strategies to delay cognitive decline in this high-risk population.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT06214624].

Speciation and diversification patterns in angiosperms are frequently shaped by niche evolution. Centaurium Hill is a Mediterranean genus with ca. 25 species, of which 60% are polyploids (tetra- and hexaploids), distributed mainly in the Mediterranean Basin and in areas with temperate and arid climates of Asia, Europe, North-Central Africa and North America. The evolutionary history of this genus has been studied using morphological, biogeographical and molecular approaches, but its climatic niche characterization and its relation with genome evolution (chromosome number and ploidy level) has not been addressed yet. Thus, this study aims to identify the role of the evolution of climatic niche, ploidy level, life cycle and floral traits in the diversification of Centaurium. Climatic niche characterization involved estimating present climate preferences using quantitative data and reconstructing ancestral niches to evaluate climatic niche shifts. The evolution of climatic niche towards selective optima determined by ploidy level (three ploidy levels) and different binary traits (polyploidy, floral size, floral display, herkogamy and life cycle) was addressed under the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model. Chromosome number evolution was inferred using the ChromoSSE model, testing if changes are clado- or anagenetic. Chromosome number evolution and its link with cladogenesis, life cycle and floral traits was modeled on the phylogeny. The reconstruction of the ancestral niches shows that Centaurium originated in a mild climate and diversified to both humid and cold as well as to dry and warmer climates. Niche conservatism was estimated in the climatic niche of the ancestors, while the climatic niche of the current taxa experienced transitions from their ancestors’ niche. Besides, the evolution of climatic niche towards multiple selective optima determined by the studied traits was supported, life cycle optima receiving the highest support. The reconstruction of chromosome number transitions shows that the rate of speciation process resulting from chromosomal changes (chromosomal cladogenesis) is similar to that of non-chromosomal cladogenesis. Additionally, dependent evolution of floral size, floral display and herkogamy with chromosome number variation was supported. In conclusion, polyploidization is a crucial process in the Mediterranean region that assisted speciation and diversification into new areas with different climates, entailing niche shifts and evolution of reproductive strategies.

Emergencies, disasters, and catastrophes require urgent attention from communities and governments to both prevent and mitigate their impacts. Disaster management is a field of academic research and practical application that encompasses a comprehensive range of activities divided into three main phases: pre-disaster (preparedness and mitigation), response, and recovery. The pre-disaster phase includes efforts such as risk assessments as well as emergency planning and preparedness, while the response phase includes activities such as aid delivery. In this paper, the authors analyze how pre-disaster and response activities impact societies differently when facing various kinds of catastrophes. Specifically, scientific articles and official disaster management reports were reviewed to develop a document analysis that focuses on the pre-disaster and response operations performed in four different types of catastrophes: nuclear power plant accidents, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, and landslides with distinct features around the world. Next, the study presents an experts’ survey and compares the findings with the document analysis. The results show that adequate and sufficient efforts in pre-disaster activities have a more significant impact on preserving lives and reducing the economic impact of catastrophes than response activities. Nevertheless, both pre-disaster and response activities are essential in confronting catastrophes and should be carried out. Operations managers working in humanitarian logistics should direct efforts and resources toward developing effective pre-disaster strategies in areas vulnerable to these risks.

BackgroundPrior to the onset of dementia, individuals commonly undergo a phase marked by subtle cognitive changes, known as subtle cognitive decline. Recognizing these early cognitive alterations is crucial, as they can serve as indicators of an impending decline in cognitive function, warranting timely intervention and support.ObjectivesTo determine the incidence of subtle cognitive decline in a population of Spanish women and establish the relationship with possible protective and/or risk factors such as cognitive reserve, cardiovascular risk factors, medication consumption and psychosocial factors.Design and participantsThis is a cross-sectional observational study with women from the general population and a more homogeneous population composed of nuns from the Valencian region (Spain).MeasurementsA validated questionnaire was used including lifestyle variables, chronic illnesses, level of education and pharmacological treatments. Three validated subtle cognitive decline screening tests with varying levels of sensitivity and specificity were used: Memory Impairment Screening, Pfeiffer’s Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire, and Semantic Verbal Fluency.ResultsOur results suggest that nuns may have a significantly reduced risk of cognitive decline compared to the general population (20.67% in nuns vs. 36.63% in the general population). This lower risk for subtle cognitive decline in nuns may be partly attributed to their higher cognitive reserve and long-time engagement in intellectually stimulating activities. Additionally, nuns tend to adopt healthy lifestyles, they are not isolated because they live in community and obtained lower scores for risk factors such as depression, anticholinergic burden, and benzodiazepine consumption.ConclusionA healthy lifestyle combined with intellectually stimulating activities is related with preserved cognitive function.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a suficiência de leite humano nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, segundo o quantitativo de prematuros, demanda estimada de leite humano e consumo efetivo. Métodos Estudo transversal em Postos de Coleta e Bancos de Leite Humano cadastrados na Rede Paulista de Bancos de Leite Humano em 2017. Utilizou-se dados de estatísticas vitais censitárias de 2017 para identificar a distribuição dos prematuros nas Redes Regionais de Atenção à Saúde. Resultados Participaram do estudo 100% dos Postos de Coleta e 84,6% dos Bancos de Leite Humano de São Paulo. Identificou-se uma insuficiência na distribuição do leite humano pasteurizado, entre a demanda estimada e o consumo efetivo dos prematuros. No período do estudo, apenas as regiões Centro e Sudeste atendiam 100% da cobertura de leite humano, seguidas da região do grande ABC com 44,62%. Conclusão A maioria dos Postos de coleta e Bancos de Leite humano da região metropolitana de São Paulo, não atendem todas as crianças prematuras. O gerenciamento destas unidades pode contribuir para estimular a captação de doadoras e a otimização do leite humano coletado.

El trauma penetrante de cuello es una emergencia que constituye un reto al cirujano desde la evaluación inicial hasta su manejo definitivo. Se presenta el caso de una paciente femenina de 24 años, con lesión penetrante transversal de cuello, con salida de aire por el sitio de la lesión junto a sangrado activo, requiriendo en el manejo inicial de vía aérea definitiva y control de hemorragia; ingreso quirúrgico de emergencia. Con hallazgos de: sección de membrana tiroidea a nivel del borde superior de cartílago tiroides, epiglotis y ambas venas yugulares anteriores. La conducta fue reparación por planos, desde lo profundo a la superficie. La experiencia adquirida en el manejo del presente caso permite resaltar que: seguir los lineamientos del soporte vital junto a la atención definitiva en un tiempo menor de 24 horas ante un trauma penetrante de cuello incrementa la probabilidad de éxito en el manejo y evolución.

Reseña del libro editado por Iñaki Bergera y Ediciones Asimétricas en 2023 con los contactos de las fotografías realizadas durante el viaje a Italia. Este material es original y de gran valor documental para conocer la visión de un joven Francisco Cabrero con 30 años y su interpretación de la arquitectura histórica frente a las arquitecturas modernas que hará posteriormente. En el libro han colaborado la Universidad de Navarra, la Fundación COAM, Estudio Vanguardia y Onesta. Fue presentado en el COAM el 23/11/2023.

O artigo se propõe a refletir sobre como se configuram os sentidos dos corpos periféricos na ficção seriada brasileira. Nessa proposta, o conceito de corpo extrapola o âmbito físico e se refere a um conjunto mais amplo de traços que compõem a sua comunicabilidade em ambientes diversos. Partimos do pressuposto de que os corpos são geradores de sentidos com potencial para producir semioses ilimitadas, mantendo o que é estabelecido como norma (regularidades/previsibilidades) e promovendo rupturas de sentidos (irregularidades/imprevisibilidades), logo, eles engendram sentidos claramente bio-políticos (Tucherman, 1999) e estão associados à sociedade disciplinar e à sociedade de controle (Foucault, 1979). Assim, a pesquisa direciona a atenção para os corpos apresentados em narrativas ficcionais e tidos como destoantes em relação aos padrões midiáticos e culturais vigentes, respeitando o estudo de suas linguagens e processos de significação. Privilegiamos uma condução téorico-metodológica que parte da perspectiva da semiótica da cultura (Lotman, 1996; 1999; 2013; 2021) para identificar e buscar compreender o processo de semiose de corpos periféricos na ficção seriada brasileira, tendo a cartografia como método, buscou-se sustentação na reflexão de Kastrup (2007) sobre o funcionamento da atenção do pesquisador, considerando suas quatro variedades: rastreio, toque, pouso e reconhecimento atento. Nossas observações deram conta, de forma geral, de que os textos ficcionais seriados de produções brasileiras cartografados oferecem relativo espaço aos corpos periféricos, porém com pouco protagonismo.

IntroductionInfrared thermography (IT) is a non-invasive real-time imaging technique with potential application in different areas of neurosurgery. Despite technological advances in the field, intraoperative IT (IIT) has been an underestimated tool with scarce reports on its usefulness during intracranial tumor resection. We aimed to evaluate the usefulness of high-resolution IIT with static and dynamic thermographic maps for transdural lesion localization, and diagnosis, to assess the extent of resection, and the occurrence of perioperative acute ischemia.MethodsIn a prospective study, 15 patients affected by intracranial tumors (six gliomas, four meningiomas, and five brain metastases) were examined with a high-resolution thermographic camera after craniotomy, after dural opening, and at the end of tumor resection.ResultsTumors were transdurally located with 93.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity (p

Summary: Background: Maternal pertussis vaccination with Tdap vaccine is recommended to protect newborns from severe postnatal infection. HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants have a higher incidence of pertussis infection and may particularly benefit from maternal immunization. The impact of HIV infection on the quality of IgG and memory B cell (MBC) responses to Tdap vaccination in pregnant women (PW) living with HIV (PWH) is unknown. Methods: In this observational study, humoral immune responses to Tdap vaccination, including IgG levels, Fc-dependent effector functions, and MBC frequencies, were measured before and after vaccination in 40 PWH and 42 HIV-uninfected PW. Placental transfer of IgG and avidity were assessed in cord blood (CB). Soluble and cellular immune activation markers were quantified at baseline. Findings: One month after vaccination, PWH had lower frequencies of MBC compared with HIV-uninfected PW. At delivery, PWH had attenuated pertussis-specific IgG levels and Fc-dependent effector functions. Reduced levels of maternal vaccine polyfunctional IgG and IgG avidity were transferred to HEU as compared to HIV-unexposed newborns. After adjustment with ethnicity, maternal antibody levels and gestational age at vaccination, HIV infection was independently associated with decreased levels of PT specific-IgG in CB. Both maternal and neonatal pertussis-specific IgG responses as well as PT-specific IgG avidity were inversely correlated with maternal sCD14 levels before vaccination among PWH. Interpretation: Maternal HIV infection is associated with attenuated humoral immune responses to Tdap vaccination that correlate with sCD14. Suboptimal transfer of maternal immunity may further increase the risk of severe pertussis infection in HEU infants. Funding: This work was supported by IRIS Fund managed by the Foundation Roi Baudouin [2017J1820690206902], Association Vésale pour la Recherche Médicale and the Medical Council of CHU Saint-Pierre and has been funded in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, under Award No. U19AI145825. N.D. is a clinical researcher and A.M. is Research Director at the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (F.R.S.-FNRS), Belgium. M.E.A. was partially supported by NIH NIAID 1U19AI14825. This article is published with the support of the Fondation Universitaire of Belgium.

Abstract Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by significant metabolic disruptions, including weight loss and hypermetabolism in both patients and animal models. Leptin, an adipose-derived hormone, displays altered levels in ALS. Genetically reducing leptin levels (Lepob/+) to maintain body weight improved motor performance and extended survival in female SOD1G93A mice, although the exact molecular mechanisms behind these effects remain elusive. Here, we corroborated the sexual dimorphism in circulating leptin levels in ALS patients and in SOD1G93A mice. We reproduced a previous strategy to generate a genetically deficient leptin SOD1G93A mice (SOD1G93ALepob/+) and studied the transcriptomic profile in the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the spinal cord. We found that leptin deficiency reduced the inflammation pathways activated by the SOD1G93A mutation in the adipose tissue, but not in the spinal cord. These findings emphasize the importance of considering sex-specific approaches in metabolic therapies and highlight the role of leptin in the systemic modulation of ALS by regulating immune responses outside the central nervous system.

Abstract The digitization of natural history specimens and the popularization of citizen science are creating an unprecedented availability of large amounts of biodiversity data. These biodiversity inventories can be severely affected by species misidentification, a source of taxonomic uncertainty that is rarely acknowledged in biodiversity data management. For these reasons, taxonomists debate the use of online repositories to address biological questions at the species level. Hedera L. (ivies) provides an excellent case study as it is well represented in both herbaria and online repositories with thousands of records likely to be affected by high taxonomic uncertainty. We analyze the sources and extent of taxonomic errors in the identification of the European ivy species by reviewing herbarium specimens and find a high misidentification rate (18% on average), which varies between species (maximized in H. hibernica: 55%; H. azorica: 48%; H. iberica: 36%) and regions (maximized in the UK: 38% and Spain: 27%). We find a systematic misidentification of all European ivies with H. helix behind the high misidentification rates in herbaria and warn of even higher rates in online records. We compile a spatial database to overcome the large discrepancies we observed in species distributions between online and morphologically reviewed records.

Abstract Background The benefit–risk balance and optimal timing of surgery for severe infective endocarditis (IE) with ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes is unknown. The study aim was to compare the neurological outcome between patients receiving surgery or not. Methods In a prospective register-based multicenter ICU study, patients were included if they met the following criteria: (i) left-sided IE with an indication for heart surgery; (ii) with cerebral complications documented by cerebral imaging before cardiac surgery; (iii) with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ≥ 3. Exclusion criteria were isolated right-sided IE, in-hospital acquired IE and patients with cerebral complications only after cardiac surgery. In the primary analysis, the prognostic value of surgery in term of disability at 6 month was assessed by using a propensity score-adjusted logistic regression. Results 192 patients were included including ischemic stroke (74.5%) and hemorrhagic lesion (15.6%): 67 (35%) had medical treatment and 125 (65%) cardiac surgery. In the propensity score-adjusted logistic regression, a favorable 6-month neurological outcome was associated with surgery (odds ratio 13.8 (95% CI 6.2–33.7). The 1-year mortality was strongly reduced with surgery in the fixed-effect propensity-adjusted Cox model (hazard ratio 0.18; 95% CI 0.11–0.27; p

The exponential growth of the world population makes it necessary to look for alternatives to increase food production. Amino acids are widely used to improve crop productivity, however, in table beet cultivation they are not widespread. Therefore, the objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of foliar application of an amino acid solution on the physiological indices and production of red beet. A randomized block experiment was designed with five treatments and six replications. Four concentrations of the amino acid solution VA1 (0.3 ml L-1), VA2 (0.6 ml L-1), VA3 (0.9 ml L-1), VA4 (1.2 ml L-1) were evaluated. 1) and a control treatment VA0 (0). The dry biomass of the plants, leaf area, growth rates, total chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, relative water content and agricultural yield were evaluated. The results showed lower growth and production when the amino acid solution was not used and a significant increase in the dry biomass of the plants when the solution was used in all its variants. Growth rates, chlorophyll content, as well as leaf temperature, were also benefited by amino acids. The highest productive efficiency was obtained with 0.6; 0.9- and 1.2-ml L-1 and the best performance response was at the 1.2 ml L-1 dose. Therefore, the foliar application of amino acids is an alternative to increase the growth and production of red beets.

Although Spain is the country in the European Union with the highest photovoltaic generation potential, the number of solar energy community initiatives remains relatively low. Spain has more than 6,000 industrial parks, and most require improvements concerning their conservation and services. The integration between industrial parks and urban areas in Spain has plausible benefits. This work analyzes and simulates an urban-industrial sustainable energy community in San Juan de Mozarrifar (Spain), which comprises an urban area and an industrial park area. We classify the energy community using taxonomies found in the literature and the concept of Urban-Industrial Symbiosis considering photovoltaic energy; then, we analyze and estimate the electricity generation potential from photovoltaic panels in both the urban and industrial areas; finally, we simulate the energy community and propose improvements to increase its self-sufficiency. We also highlight that the industrial sector presents a great opportunity to install renewable energy resources and provide renewable energy to the co-located urban area; and adding photovoltaic panels to public buildings may be a strategy to meet residential energy demand, especially for households that do not have photovoltaic installations for self-consumption.

Breast cancer is one of the most common forms of neoplasia worldwide. The purpose of our observational study was to evaluate the status of HER2 overexpression among new cases of breast neoplasia with an impact on the natural history of breast cancer disease and therapeutic personalization according to staging. This study included 45 breast cancer patients which have an overexpression of HER2 through the mutation of the EGFR-ERBB2 receptor. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded breast tissue. The patients were evaluated demographically and therapeutically in all stages. The post-surgical histopathological examination revealed complete pathological responses in 19 patients and pathological responses with residual disease either at the tumor level or lymphatic or both variants in a percentage of 44% (15 cases). The disease-free interval (DFI) under anti-HER2 therapy was recorded in 41 patients, representing 91% of the study group. Anti-HER2 therapy in any therapeutic stage has shown increased efficiency in blocking these tyrosine kinase receptors, evidenced by the high percentage of complete pathological responses, as well as the considerable percentage (47%) of complete remissions and stationary disease, in relation to the HER2-positive patient group.

ABSTRACT: Improving productive performance is a daily challenge in the poultry industry. Developing cost-effective additives and strategies that improve performance in antibiotic-free poultry production is critical to maintaining productivity and efficiency. This study evaluates the influence of a commercially available phytogenic feed additive (CA-PFA, that comprises silymarin, betaine and curcumin extracts as main ingredients) and silymarin on commercial broilers' productive performance and liver function with and without carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with six treatments, eight replicates, and eight birds per replicate in 18 one-day-old male broilers (Cobb Vantress 500) each; under a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (3 diets x 2 levels of CCl4, 0 and 1 mL/kg body weight orally). The experimental treatments included 3 diets, commercially recommended doses of CA-PFA (500 mg/kg of feed; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin, besides the other active ingredients included in the formulation), silymarin (250 mg/kg of feed, containing 28% of active ingredient; this dose provides 70 mg/kg of silymarin as active ingredient) and an additive-free basal diet as a control. A standard commercial silymarin was used as a reference due to its well-known and extensively studied hepatoprotective properties that can mitigate the negative effects of CCl4 in the liver. The data were analyzed as a 2-way ANOVA, and the means showing significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences were then compared using the Post-Hoc Tukey HSD test. No interaction was detected between factors. Exposure to CCl4 had a noticeable detrimental effect on alertness, productive performance, and liver function of broilers without a significant increase in mortality. Including CA-PFA in the diet improved productive performance compared to the basal diet from day 21 to the end of the trial, on day 42. While no influence in feed intake was detected for any treatment, CA-PFA improved body weight gain (BWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) significantly (P < 0.05) from day 21 to the end of the trial in healthy and CCl4-exposed birds. The results show that CA-PFA supplementation improves performance parameters in broilers with and without CCl4-induced liver damage, when compared to a basal diet and the addition of a standard commercial silymarin product.

TDP-43 pathology is found in several neurodegenerative disorders, collectively referred to as “TDP-43 proteinopathies”. Aggregates of TDP-43 are present in the brains and spinal cords of >97% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and in brains of ∼50% of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients. While mutations in the TDP-43 gene (TARDBP) are usually associated with ALS, many clinical reports have linked these mutations to cognitive impairments and/or FTD, but also to other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinsonism (PD) or progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). TDP-43 is a ubiquitously expressed, highly conserved RNA-binding protein that is involved in many cellular processes, mainly RNA metabolism. To investigate systemic pathological mechanisms in TDP-43 proteinopathies, aiming to capture the pleiotropic effects of TDP-43 mutations, we have further characterised a mouse model carrying a point mutation (M323K) within the endogenous Tardbp gene. Homozygous mutant mice developed cognitive and behavioural deficits as early as 3 months of age. This was coupled with significant brain structural abnormalities, mainly in the cortex, hippocampus, and white matter fibres, together with progressive cortical interneuron degeneration and neuroinflammation. At the motor level, progressive phenotypes appeared around 6 months of age. Thus, cognitive phenotypes appeared to be of a developmental origin with a mild associated progressive neurodegeneration, while the motor and neuromuscular phenotypes seemed neurodegenerative, underlined by a progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons as well as distal denervation. This is accompanied by progressive elevated TDP-43 protein and mRNA levels in cortex and spinal cord of homozygous mutant mice from 3 months of age, together with increased cytoplasmic TDP-43 mislocalisation in cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and spinal cord at 12 months of age. In conclusion, we find that Tardbp M323K homozygous mutant mice model many aspects of human TDP-43 proteinopathies, evidencing a dual role for TDP-43 in brain morphogenesis as well as in the maintenance of the motor system, making them an ideal in vivo model system to study the complex biology of TDP-43.

Introducción: El vertimiento de aguas residuales hospitalarias conduce al establecimiento de microorganismos de la biota humana en ecosistemas acuáticos. Lo anterior es riesgoso, al existir la posibilidad de transferencia génica horizontal de genes de resistencia de antibióticos de las bacterias a otras cepas bacterianas del ecosistema acuático y del ambiente en general; contribuyendo a la expansión de la resistencia bacteriana a antibióticos y la inefectividad terapéutica de estos medicamentos. Objetivo: Demostrar el riesgo ambiental por vertimiento de aguas residuales de un hospital a un río urbano en Santa Clara, Cuba. Materiales y Métodos: Se aislaron bacterias del sedimento y suelo de la ribera del río Bélico y se determinó su resistencia a los antibióticos parenterales de uso intrahospitalario empleados entre 2015 y 2019. De ser esta positiva, se estimó el riesgo ambiental de estos medicamentos en aguas superficiales terrestres y se valoró la resistencia de cepas intrahospitalarias. Resultados y Discusión: Todas las cepas bacterianas aisladas fueron resistentes al menos a uno de los antibióticos parenterales de uso intrahospitalario empleados en el período objeto de estudio. Todos los antibióticos resultaron ambientalmente riesgosos en aguas superficiales terrestres. Existió una elevada resistencia microbiana a antibióticos en las cepas aisladas de pacientes hospitalizados. Conclusiones: El vertimiento de las aguas residuales sin tratar al río Bélico, condujo al establecimiento de cepas bacterianas que pueden tener un impacto negativo en el ambiente, incluyendo la salud humana.

Este artículo traza un breve recorrido del concepto práctica artística como investigación en el contexto europeo, partiendo de autores que abren una estela que defiende y corrobora que el análisis de la propia obra artística puede ser científico, que tiene valor como investigación y fuente de conocimiento. Dichos teóricos trascienden la utilización de las artes como método de estudio, reivindicando el derecho de los artistas a contribuir al saber, práctico y no práctico, con la misma legitimidad que la investigación tradicional, monopolizada durante siglos por filósofos, historiadores del arte, filólogos, críticos o comisarios de arte. En estas páginas, describo la transformación de la mirada sobre la obra de arte que propone la práctica artística como investigación, estimulando a las nuevas generaciones de artistas a trabajar bajo el paradigma de libertad creativa; un arte implicado en la sociedad, la historia y la política, que deja de ser representacional para transformarse en autocrítico, en un proceso abierto de reflexión y exploración que nunca se acaba. De ahí no solo es relevante el resultado final de la obra o un concepto artístico, sino por la observación de los propios procesos, que conllevan tanto un mayor desarrollo académico como el avance de proyectos que beneficien a la sociedad en su conjunto, trabajando por el cambio individual y colectivo.

Introduction: Fall Risk Appraisal (FRA), a process that integrates perceived and objective fall risk measures, serves as a crucial component for understanding the incongruence between fear of falling (FOF) and physiological fall risk in older adults. Despite its importance, scant research has been undertaken to investigate how habitual physical activity (PA) levels, quantified in Monitor-Independent Movement Summary (MIMS), vary across FRA categories. MIMS is a device-independent acceleration summary metric that helps standardize data analysis across studies by accounting for discrepancies in raw data among research-grade and consumer devices.Objective: This cross-sectional study explores the associations between MIMS (volume and intensity) and FRA in a sample of older adults in the United States.Methods: We assessed FOF (Short Falls Efficacy Scale-International), physiological fall risk (balance: BTrackS Balance, leg strength: 30-s sit-to-stand test) and 7-day free-living PA (ActiGraph GT9X) in 178 community-dwelling older adults. PA volume was summarized as average daily MIMS (MIMS/day). PA intensity was calculated as peak 30-min MIMS (average of highest 30 non-consecutive MIMS minutes/day), representing a PA index of higher-intensity epochs. FRA categorized participants into following four groups: Rational (low FOF-low physiological fall risk), Irrational (high FOF-low physiological fall risk), Incongruent (low FOF-high physiological fall risk) and Congruent (high FOF-high physiological fall risk).Results: Compared to rational group, average MIMS/day and peak 30-min MIMS were, respectively, 15.8% (p = .025) and 14.0% (p = .004) lower in irrational group, and 16.6% (p = .013) and 17.5% (p < .001) lower in congruent group. No significant differences were detected between incongruent and rational groups. Multiple regression analyses showed that, after adjusting for age, gender, and BMI (reference: rational), only irrational FRA was significantly associated with lower PA volume (β = −1,452.8 MIMS/day, p = .034); whereas irrational and congruent FRAs were significantly associated with lower “peak PA intensity” (irrational: β = −5.40 MIMS/day, p = .007; congruent: β = −5.43 MIMS/day, p = .004).Conclusion: These findings highlight that FOF is a significant barrier for older adults to participate in high-intensity PA, regardless of their balance and strength. Therefore, PA programs for older adults should develop tailored intervention strategies (cognitive reframing, balance and strength exercises, or both) based on an individual’s FOF and physiological fall risk.

Summary: Macrophages are central innate immune cells whose function declines with age. The molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes remain poorly understood, particularly in human macrophages. We report a substantial reduction in phagocytosis, migration, and chemotaxis in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from older (>50 years old) compared with younger (18–30 years old) donors, alongside downregulation of transcription factors MYC and USF1. In MDMs from young donors, knockdown of MYC or USF1 decreases phagocytosis and chemotaxis and alters the expression of associated genes, alongside adhesion and extracellular matrix remodeling. A concordant dysregulation of MYC and USF1 target genes is also seen in MDMs from older donors. Furthermore, older age and loss of either MYC or USF1 in MDMs leads to an increased cell size, altered morphology, and reduced actin content. Together, these results define MYC and USF1 as key drivers of MDM age-related functional decline and identify downstream targets to improve macrophage function in aging.

ObjectiveEarly detection of cognitive impairment in the elderly is crucial for diagnosis and appropriate care. Brief, cost-effective cognitive screening instruments are needed to help identify individuals who require further evaluation. This study presents preliminary data on a new screening technology using automated voice recording analysis software in a Spanish population.MethodData were collected from 174 Spanish-speaking individuals clinically diagnosed as cognitively normal (CN, n = 87) or impaired (mild cognitive impairment [MCI], n = 63; all-cause dementia, n = 24). Participants were recorded performing four common language tasks (Animal fluency, alternating fluency [sports and fruits], phonemic “F” fluency, and Cookie Theft Description). Recordings were processed via text-transcription and digital-signal processing techniques to capture neuropsychological variables and audio characteristics. A training sample of 122 subjects with similar demographics across groups was used to develop an algorithm to detect cognitive impairment. Speech and task features were used to develop five independent machine learning (ML) models to compute scores between 0 and 1, and a final algorithm was constructed using repeated cross-validation. A socio-demographically balanced subset of 52 participants was used to test the algorithm. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), covarying for demographic characteristics, was used to predict logistically-transformed algorithm scores.ResultsMean logit algorithm scores were significantly different across groups in the testing sample (p

The genus Swietenia includes two mahogany species, Swietenia macrophylla (King.), commonly known as Honduran mahogany, and Swietenia mahagoni (L.) Jacq, commonly known as Cuban mahogany. There are reports of morphologically intermediate forms between Cuban and Honduran mahogany that have been localized in some Caribbean islands. The main objective of this research is to distinguish morphologically intermediate forms between the parental species S. mahagoni and S. macrophylla based on leaf morphological characters. Phenotypic data from a total of 357 mahogany trees were collected in the province of Sancti Spiritus, Cuba. Rachis length, petiole length, leaflet length, leaflet width, number of leaflets and number of nerves were evaluated. Morphological descriptor analysis revealed significant differences in the morphometric variables of the evaluated leaves, with rachis length, number of leaflets, leaflet length, petiole length, leaflet width, and number of nerves being significantly higher in S. macrophylla than in S. mahagoni. ANOVA reflected the variance between all leaf morphological parameters evaluated between the two pure species with statistically significant difference. Using the function obtained in the first DC of the two species, the individuals in the mixed stands were classified into 71 morphologically intermediate forms, 45 S. macrophylla and 64 S. mahagoni. In the second DC with the two species and the morphologically intermediate forms, Wilks’ partial lambda indicates that the variable "leaflet length" with 0.67 contributed most to the overall discrimination.

The purpose of the study was to identify subgroups of advanced cancer patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities as reported by their oncologists as well as identify the demographic, clinical, and treatment symptom characteristics as well as QoL outcomes associated with distinct profiles of each patient. A prospective, multicenter, observational study was conducted with advanced cancer patients of 15 different hospitals across Spain. After three months of systemic cancer treatment, participants completed questionnaires that evaluated psychological distress (BSI-18), quality of life (EORTC QLQ-C30) and fatigue (FAS). The most common tumor sites for the 557 cancer patients with a mean age of 65 years were bronchopulmonary, digestive, and pancreas. Overall, 19% of patients experienced high-grade toxicities (grade 3–4) during treatment. Patients with recurrent advanced cancer, with non-adenocarcinoma cancer, undergoing chemotherapy, and a showing deteriorated baseline status (ECOG > 1) were more likely to experience higher toxicity. Patients who experienced grade 3–4 toxicities during cancer treatment had their treatment suspended in 59% of the cases. Additionally, 87% of the patients had a dose adjustment or a cycle delayed in their treatment due to a high risk of dying during treatment. Future research should focus on identifying interventions to reduce high-grade toxicities and improve quality of life in cancer patients.

Abstract An unbalanced composition of gut microbiota in fish is hypothesized to play a role in promoting bacterial infections, but the synergistic or antagonistic interactions between bacterial groups in relation to fish health are not well understood. We report that pathogenic species in the Piscirickettsia, Aeromonas, Renibacterium and Tenacibaculum genera were all detected in the digesta and gut mucosa of healthy Atlantic salmon without clinical signs of disease. Although Piscirickettsia salmonis (and other pathogens) occurred in greater frequencies of fish with clinical Salmonid Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), the relative abundance was about the same as that observed in healthy fish. Remarkably, the SRS-positive fish presented with a generalized mid-gut dysbiosis and positive growth associations between Piscirickettsiaceae and members of other taxonomic families containing known pathogens. The reconstruction of metabolic phenotypes based on the bacterial networks detected in the gut and mucosa indicated the synthesis of Gram-negative virulence factors such as colanic acid and O-antigen were over-represented in SRS positive fish. This evidence indicates that cooperative interactions between organisms of different taxonomic families within localized bacterial networks might promote an opportunity for P. salmonis to cause clinical SRS in the farm environment.

Objectives: To evaluate the compassionate use of plitidepsin as an antiviral treatment in hospitalized immunocompromised adult patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Design: Retrospective observational study of data —collected from January 01, 2021 to April 30, 2022— from 35 immunocompromised adult patients with COVID-19 non-eligible for other available antiviral treatments. Main outcome measures were time to respiratory recovery (SpFi ≥ 315); COVID-19-related 30-day-cumulative mortality after first plitidepsin infusion; and time to undetectable levels of viral RNA. Results: Thirty-three patients receiving a full course of plitidepsin (2.5 mg [n = 29] or 1.5 mg [n = 4]) were included. Most (69.7%) had a malignant hematologic disease and 27.3% had solid tumors. A total of 111 infusions were administered with lack of relevant safety events. Median time from plitidepsin initiation to SpFi ≥315 was 8 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-19). Median time to first negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 (cycle threshold >36) was 17 days (95% CI 13-25). Mortality rate was 16.3% (95% CI 3-37.3). Conclusion: These data support plitidepsin as a well-tolerated treatment that might have potential clinical and antiviral efficacy in COVID-19 immunocompromised patients.

Abstract In the last of his Four Books on Architecture, Francisco de Asís Cabrero proposed in the year 3000 an International Institute of Aesthetic Experiences on the island of Vanikoro. It is a utopia, the result of his architectural research shown in each book: the vernacular origin (BI), the classical styles (BII), the «modern crisis» (BIII) and future times (BIV). At the same time, he accumulates his professional experience and the projects of unrealized «commemorative forms». We reviewed the project based on mathematical curves of evolution and the maximum human technology. We also go back through the Four Books looking for the references that allow us to understand the «lay out» of the project. The collective buildings of the avant-garde: the Unité d’Habitation, the Hele module by R. Leoz and the concrete art of M. Bill. Concepts such as «graphical science», «space grids», the «cubic figure» and «form-function inherence» allow us to understand the resulting form. The plants, not developed, are deduced from other realizations of the architect. Resumen En el último de sus Cuatro Libros de arquitectura Francisco de Asís Cabrero plantea en el año 3.000 un Instituto Internacional de Experiencias Estéticas en la isla de Vanikoro. Es una utopía, resultado de su investigación arquitectónica mostrada en cada libro: el origen vernáculo (LI), los estilos clásicos (LII), la «crisis moderna» (LIII) y los tiempos futuros (LIV). A la vez, recoge su expe­riencia profesional y los proyectos de las «formas conmemorativas» no realizados. Revisamos el proyecto fundamentado en curvas matemáticas de la evolución y el máximo tecnológico humano. También retrocedemos a lo largo de los Cuatro Libros buscando las referencias que nos permitan comprender las «trazas» del proyecto. Los edificios colectivos de las vanguardias: la Unidad de Habitación, el módulo Hele de R. Leoz y el arte concreto de M. Bill. Conceptos como la «ciencia grá­fica», las «redes espaciales», la «figura cúbica» y la «inherencia forma-función» permiten comprender la forma resultante. Las plantas, no desarrolladas, se deducen a partir de otras realizaciones del arquitecto.

The numerous benefits of Open Science (OS) and of the four FAIR foundational principles - Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable - are increasingly valued in academia, although what OS and FAIR entail is still largely misunderstood. In such conditions, putting into practice OS and applying the FAIR principles is challenging and underrated. However, realising OS is perfectly within our grasp provided that an infrastructure supporting the management of the research lifecycle is available. ROHub (https://www.rohub.org/) is a Research Object (RO) management platform implementing three complementary technologies: Research Objects, Data Cubes and Text Mining services. ROHub enables researchers to collaboratively manage, share and preserve their research while they are still working on it (rather than after the work is finished). In this paper, three communities from Earth Sciences, namely Geohazards, Sea Monitoring and Climate Change, demonstrate how ROHub helped them to understand each other and to work openly and, more importantly, how communities of practice play an important role in facilitating reuse and interdisciplinary collaboration. These findings are illustrated with several use cases from these various communities.

The 1:1 resveratrol–piperazine cocrystal was successfully synthesized and scaled-up to 300 g scale with the mechanochemical method, as a result of investigating key process parameters, namely the solvent and the grinding time. The use of water, ethanol or ethanol–water mixtures and reaction times up to 50 min were evaluated relative to the dry grinding process. Cocrystal formation and purity were monitored through X-ray diffraction and calorimetry measurements. The dry grinding resulted in an incomplete cocrystal formation, while the use of water or water–ethanol mixture yielded a monohydrate solid phase. Pure ethanol was found to be the optimal solvent for large-scale cocrystallization, as it delivered cocrystals with high crystallinity and purity after 10–30 min grinding time at the laboratory scale. Notably, a relatively fast reaction time (30–60 min) was sufficient for the completion of cocrystallization at larger scales, using a planetary ball mill and a plant reactor. Also, the obtained cocrystal increases the aqueous solubility of resveratrol by 6%–16% at pH = 6.8. Overall, this study highlights the potential of solvent-assisted mechanochemical synthesis as a promising new approach for the efficient production of pure resveratrol–piperazine cocrystals.

Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungus that causes considerable economic losses in commercial crops. Fungi of the genus Botrytis exhibit great morphological and genetic variability, ranging from non-sporogenic and non-infective isolates to highly virulent sporogenic ones. There is growing interest in the different isolates in terms of their methodological applications aimed at gaining a deeper understanding of the biology of these fungal species for more efficient control of the infections they cause. This article describes an improvement in the protoplast production protocol from non-sporogenic isolates, resulting in viable protoplasts with regenerating capacity. The method improvements consist of a two-day incubation period with mycelium plugs and orbital shaking. Special mention is made of our preference for the VinoTaste Pro enzyme in the KC buffer as a replacement for Glucanex, as it enhances the efficacy of protoplast isolation in B459 and B371 isolates. The methodology described here has proven to be very useful for biotechnological applications such as genetic transformations mediated by the CRISPR/Cas9 tool.

Introduction: Health risk assessment (HRA) strategies are cornerstone for health systems transformation toward value-based patient-centred care. However, steps for HRA adoption are undefined. This article analyses the process of transference of the Adjusted Morbidity Groups (AMG) algorithm from the Catalan Good Practice to the Marche region (IT) and to Viljandi Hospital (EE), within the JADECARE initiative (2020–2023). Description: The implementation research approach involved a twelve-month pre-implementation period to assess feasibility and define the local action plans, followed by a sixteen-month implementation phase. During the two periods, a well-defined combination of experience-based co-design and quality improvement methodologies were applied. Discussion: The evolution of the Catalan HRA strategy (2010–2023) illustrates its potential for health systems transformation, as well as its transferability. The main barriers and facilitators for HRA adoption were identified. The report proposes a set of key steps to facilitate site customized deployment of HRA contributing to define a roadmap to foster large-scale adoption across Europe. Conclusions: Successful adoption of the AMG algorithm was achieved in the two sites confirming transferability. Marche identified the key requirements for a population-based HRA strategy, whereas Viljandi Hospital proved its potential for clinical use paving the way toward value-based healthcare strategies.

Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic fungus responsible for grey rot disease, causes substantial economic losses. However, recent studies have discovered distinct non-sporogenic and non-infective isolates of this species, such as the B459 field strain. Examination of these isolates is particularly intriguing in the context of the development of methodological applications that could be useful in the biocontrol of this phytopathogenic species. This investigation revealed that B459 exhibited a reduced growth rate yet displayed enhanced resilience to stressors like oxidative stress agents, SDS, ethanol, and PhITC. Notably, its ability to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and acidic compounds, crucial in plant–pathogen interactions, was impacted. Bio-targeted toxin identification assays and the metabolomic study of extracts obtained from fermentations at seven and fourteen days revealed that this strain does not biosynthesize botrydial and derivatives neither botcinin family toxins. Furthermore, its inability to infect tomato fruits, grape, and gerbera petals coincides with its lack of toxin production under culture conditions typically adapted for reference strain B05.10.

As cancer progresses, patients may experience physical decline, which can impair their ability to carry out essential daily tasks. The aim of this study was to analyze the levels of physical activity in patients with advanced cancer undergoing systemic treatment and its relationship with sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors. A prospective, cross-sectional, multicenter study was carried out in 15 oncology departments in Spain. Patients with locally advanced, unresectable, or metastatic cancer who were candidates for systemic treatment were included. Participants completed demographic information and psychological scales. In total, 508 patients were included in the study, the majority of whom were male, over the age of 65, and diagnosed with bronchopulmonary tumors (36%) and metastatic disease. Based on their physical activity levels, participants were categorized as sedentary (20%, n = 190), engaging in light physical activity (43%, n = 412), or demonstrating moderate physical activity (37%, n = 351). Patients who were over 65 years old; had a worse baseline status (ECOG ≥ 1); lacked a partner; had a lower educational level; or were retired or unemployed were found to have lower levels of physical activity. Those with sedentary physical activity reported higher levels of psychological distress, anxiety, depression, somatization, and physical symptoms, as well as worse functional status, global health status, and well-being. Understanding the complex interplay between physical activity and sociodemographic, clinical, and psychological factors can help neuroscientists develop tailored exercise interventions that address the unique needs of advanced cancer patients.

N-alkyl-substituted polyacrylamides exhibit a thermal coil-to-globule transition in aqueous solution driven by an increase in hydrophobic interactions with rising temperature. With the aim of understanding the role of N-alkyl substituents in the thermal transition, this study focuses on the molecular interactions underlying the phase transition of poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide-co-N-ethylacrylamide) random copolymers. Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEAm), poly(N-ethylacrylamide) (PNEAm), and their random copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization and their chemical structure characterized spectroscopically. It was found that the values of the cloud-point temperature increased with PNEAm content, and particle aggregation processes took place, increasing the negative charge density on their surface. The cloud-point temperature of each copolymer decreased with respect to the theoretical values calculated assuming an absence of interactions. It is attributed to the formation of intra- and interchain hydrogen bonding in aqueous solutions. These interactions favor the formation of more hydrophobic macromolecular segments, thereby promoting the cooperative nature of the transition. These results definitively reveal the dominant mechanism occurring during the phase transition in the aqueous solutions of these copolymers.

Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) derivatives that contain an acrylonitrile group result in interesting scaffold molecules that can be obtained from biomass. However, the synthesis of these types of molecules has not been extensively studied. In this study, we investigated the catalytic activity of Mg(OH)2 and MgO materials. Specifically, we evaluated the Knoevenagel reaction between HMF and malononitrile as a test reaction under solvent-free conditions. The fresh and used catalysts were evaluated using various techniques. Our results indicate that the combination of synthesis methods influences the crystalline, basic, and textural properties of the catalysts. We found that water plays an essential role in obtaining high yields. By using this simple and inexpensive method, we were able to achieve yields near 90% in short reaction times ($