Search

Abstract Background In a case study in Spain, the unequal proportion of men and women in a research organization in the energy sector is severe, and long-established dynamics that might determine differences in access to leadership positions and inequalities in research careers are evident. The gender gap in historically masculinized fields, such as energy engineering reflects more than simply the differences in male and female values and personalities. This study seeks to explore the gender gap in energy research centres and to identify barriers that potentially hinder the research careers of women. It proposes the development of a diagnostic tool, based upon indicators, to monitor and evaluate gender roles and inequalities in the management of research centres for identifying and addressing the dynamics and obstacles that hinder women's progress in the energy sector and their potential contribution to the field. This participatory multicriteria-based tool prioritizes the proposed indicators by their influence and importance in the context of energy research and applies it to the monitoring of a specific Spanish energy research centre. Results The results are threefold: (i) the methodology is adaptable to different research centres; (ii) the analysis of indicators’ prioritization could lead to recommendations that should be addressed first; (iii) the diagnostic tool used in this in-depth case study of an energy research centre in Spain allowed results to be achieved in terms of gender dynamics. Two indicators stand out as the most relevant in our analysis: gender diversity in leadership positions and uncomplicated application of work–life balance measures. In this case study, the measurement of the first indicator has drawn unsatisfactory results, and the research of the latter is considered still insufficient. In conclusion, this difference becomes a vicious or negative circle for attracting and retaining more women to the research centre. Despite these results, no gender gap seems to be recognized and thus, no measures are being taken to improve the situation. Conclusions Comprehensive data and contextualized monitoring are necessary to effectively study and enhance the presence and participation of women in the energy science sector. This approach, combining quantitative and qualitative techniques, is suitable for any research centre that would like to monitor its gender gap, identify potential sources of inequity and address them.

Due to the rapidly developing technologies, fast and practical solutions are offered to the problems encountered in daily life. Metropolitan cities are greatly affected by the ever-increasing population and migrations to big cities, the increase in production with the economy and job opportunities. At this point, with the introduction of smart transportation systems, fast and effortless solutions can be produced by saving time and space. City life can be facilitated by applying more efficient and rational solutions with smart transportation systems. In this study, it is aimed to investigate information about the Intelligent Transportation Systems and one of its applications, park and ride, which has created a significant agenda within the scope of transportation engineering in the recent past, and to provide information about the investments made by examining the application for Istanbul along with its various applications in the world. Some suggestions will be made by emphasizing the importance of the park and Ride smart city application for Istanbul. In conclusion, predictions of P + R application and energy consumption in periods of 1–24 months were made through machine learning. By obtaining energy consumption data thanks to machine learning, carbon gas emissions and its effects on greenhouse gases were also examined. It can be thought that by obtaining energy consumption data for the long term thanks to machine learning, it can make significant contributions to future investments, green environment-green world, and climate change studies.

Due to the EV (Electric Vehicles) charging stations are characterized by weak damping and low inertia, the EV with a high degree of uncertainty can easily have an impact on the stability of the charging station system. Therefore, this paper proposes an optimization control method to improve the system inertia effect based on the fractional order impedance model of the charging station. This paper presents a study on establishing a fractional impedance model for charging stations, using the deviation between theoretical impedance spectra and actual measurements as a criterion. The goal is to enhance system inertia and optimize the parameters of the fractional-order controller to improve the supporting capacity of the charging station system and enhance its dynamic response. Initially, considering the fractional characteristics of the EV load, a fractional impedance model of the charging station is established. The analysis demonstrates that the fractional-order capacitor provides inertia to the system, enhancing its inertia support capability. In addition, a virtual inertia control strategy based on fractional-order PID (FOPID) is designed. Finally, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is utilized to optimize the control parameters. Through experimental verification under different operating conditions, it has been demonstrated that the fractional-order control strategy can achieve a dynamic response time of approximately 0.025s and limit the voltage deviation within 5%. Furthermore, the rotational inertia can rapidly increase to the maximum value satisfying the objective function within 0.05s. The results indicate that this control method effectively suppresses the DC voltage and power oscillations in the distribution grid.

Lattice structures, with their exceptional characteristics such as high specific strength and stiffness, thermal insulation, and biocompatibility, find a wide range of applications including bio-medical, thermal, automobile and aerospace industry. This study explores their potential for energy research, provides an overview of Periodic lattice structure (PLS) design and fabrication, and classifies them based on their energy function. It aims to provide insights into the potential applications, advancements, challenges, and future directions related to PLS implementation in energy research. The study categorized the recent advances and challenges of using PLS in energy conversion, storage, and transport applications and examines the challenges and limitations associated with them. The challenges and limitations include problems related to study design, reproducibility, sample sizes, multi-physics phenomena, integration with other energy storage components, interdisciplinary research, manufacturing accuracy, durability, scalability, and economic feasibility. Future research directions are suggested to address these challenges and opportunities, such as evaluating PLS performance on a broader scale, developing accurate modeling techniques, investigating underlying mechanisms, utilizing multi-physics modeling tools, examining long-term performance, exploring practical applications, and exploring alternative fabrication methods.

This research aims to study the comprehensive identification of the synthesis, characterisation and performance tests of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3-δ (LSM) granule-form catalysts with a CeO₂ and NiO addition for the POM reaction. The LSCF and LSM powder were firstly prepared using the solid-state reaction method. The granules were firstly prepared in a form of pellet, then crushed and sieved into a size of ± 1mm. The performance study begins with a pre-treated process, by flowing 5% O₂ gas (30 mL.min-1) in the fixed-bed reactor at 600 °C. The product was analysed using Agilent HP 6890 gas chromatography equipped with an Agilent HP 19095P-Q04 column and a FID detector. The results showed that the LSCF achieved 50.03% methane conversion which is lower than the LSM performance of 56.41%. The CeO₂ addition in both the LSCF and LSM revealed an increasing performance by increasing the reaction time. NiO addition resulted in a slower increase in the reaction time, which can be caused by the rate of carbon deposition formation. Based on the obtained results, the bifunctional catalyst has the potential to be developed into another module with a larger effective surface area, such as a multiple-thin layer membrane or hollow fibre membrane.

Energy research itself is changing due to digitalization and the trend to open science. While this change enables new research, it also increases the amount of, and need for, available data and models. Therefore, a platform for open digital energy research and development is required to support researchers and practitioners with their new needs and to enable FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable) research data management in energy research. We present a functional and technological concept for such a platform based on six elements: Competence to enable researchers and practitioners to find suitable partners for their projects, Methods to give an overview on the diverse possible research methods within energy research, Repository to support finding data and models for simulation of energy systems, Simulation to couple these models and data to create user-defined simulation scenarios, Transparency to publish results and other content relevant for the different stakeholder in energy research, and Core to interconnect all elements and to offer a unified entry point. We discuss the envisioned use of the outlined platform with use cases addressing three relevant stakeholder groups.

The selection of the solvent during the membrane preparation process significantly affects the characteristics of the resulting membrane. The large number of organic solvents available for dissolving polymers renders this experimental approach ineffective. A computational approach can select a solvent using the solvation energy value approach. In addition, no organic waste is generated from the computational approach, which is a distinct advantage. A computational approach using the DFT/B3LYP/def2-TZVP RIJCOSX method was used to optimize the structure of polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The PET for the experiment was obtained from the utilization of plastic bottle waste. In addition, a review of the thermodynamics, geometry, HOMO-LUMO orbitals, and vibrational frequencies was conducted to validate the PET molecule against the experimental results. A conductor-like polarizable continuum model was used to determine the best solvent for dissolving the PET plastic waste. The results demonstrated that the Fourier Transform Infra-Red and Fourier Transform Raman spectra obtained from computational calculations were not significantly different from the experimental results. Based on a thermodynamic approach, computationally the Gibbs free energy (−724.723), entropy (0.0428), and enthalpy (−724,723 Kjmol ^−1 ) values of the PET dimer molecule are not much different from the experimental values (−601, 0.042, and −488 Kjmol ^−1 ). The computational approach was successful in selecting solvents that can dissolve PET plastic bottle waste. Phenol solvent has the lowest solvation energy value (−101.879 Kjmol ^−1 ) and the highest binding energy (2.4 Kjmol ^−1 ) than other solvents. Computational and experimental results demonstrated that the phenol solvent was able to dissolve PET plastic bottle waste better than the other solvents.

In this research, the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) on ZnO and nickel-doped ZnO (Ni-ZnO) clusters was investigated through the density functional theory (DFT). The study included the interaction with ionized MB, neutral MB, ionized MO and neutral MO. In the case of Ni-doped ZnO, the two probabilities of nickel multiplicities (1 and 3) have been included in the investigation. The interaction between water and ZnO cluster as well as water with Ni-ZnO multiplicity 1 and multiplicity 3 was also studied. The results showed that nickel doping can decrease the bandgap 25.38% which is promising to shift the UV source to the visible range in the photocatalytic process. For photocatalyst application it will bring the more benefit because it requires the lower energy. Moreover, the nickel doped induce the dye adsorp stronger when the dye attached to dircetly the zinc ion. This guide to design the N-doped ZnO photocatalyst with no nickel atoms on the surface of the photocatalyst.

In this paper, solar energy research trends and their publishing evolution are presented in terms of bibliometric analysis tools applied to the existing publications within the Web of Science Core Collection. Publishing evolution shows a clear interest in solar energy topics, as 50% of the total number of publications have been published within the time period between 2015 and 2020; most of them at journals and conference proceedings. A results analysis shows that China, the United States and India were the most productive countries in terms of solar energy research publications, and the list of the 10 most productive countries accounted for 83% of total publications within 2019 and 2020. The study pointed out as well that the main thematic areas in solar energy research in 2019–2020 were related to particular topics such as solar cells and optical properties, nanoparticles and composites, TiO2 and photocatalysis, and more general topics such as performance, simulations optimization and renewable energy. Based on paper findings, the research future of solar energy is bright, with continued growth in the publications record and a wide variety of research topics.

Indonesia until now facing problems in achieving development targets for energy sector because all parties have weak responsibility to invest funds for research growth. Their influence have impact for growth of publications and energy research product which that expensive should proportional with the reputation of scientific media that host it. ScienceDirect is one of it and active as a reputable knowledge media that important to be revealed. So this study aims to evaluate energy research products that published ScienceDirect, mainly from Indonesia zone during 2006-2016. To evaluate, study use bibliometric evaluation to find intensity, ownership designs, and contributor of publications. Results show that news of energy about Indonesia for over decade reached 162 scientific publications and increased as due the research activity growth. Majority of publications disseminated through scientific journals. Its also produced independently and collaborative. Orientation group are dominates and Indonesia capable to coordinate collaboration in its territory. Besides domestic, international collaborative contributed to pulse of energy research in Indonesia and successful level able to offset gains achieved developed countries. A total of 100 essential contributors capable to producing research product more than once and mostly from academics. Participation of domestic researcher looks special among countries on four continents.

The Objective of this study is to analyze the subject research in order to construct a map of energy research conducted by R & D Institutions and university student in Indonesia. The method of the study uses Bibliometrics by collecting the data from 1998-2008. The data analyze throughout document mapping in co-word. The data result in energy sector that carried out by the R & D Institutions and the university is: 328 titles of thesis and 345 titles of research reports. Based on the collected data, there is a significant increasing in the research development from 1998 until 2008, except in 1999 which decrease from 1998 and 2004 decrease from 2003. The title numbers of university thesis from the highest are ITB, ITS, UGM, UNIBRAW, UI, UNSRI, USU, and another collections from other university are from PDII-LIPI. The title numbers of research institute are: Department of ESDM, LIPI, BATAN, KRT, and LAPAN. The research are focused on: biofuel, electricity energy, solar energy, coals, fuel energy, nuclear energy, wind energy, petroleum and natural gas, geothermal energy, bio mass and biogas, sea current and sea wave, steam energy, and hydrogen/fuel cell, whereas under the 10 research titles there are a lot of kinds of energy such as gas, earth gas, steam, and alternative energies, and others focuses. This study concludes that there are 46 topics which conducted research by university as well as R & D Institutions. The output of this study is database, containing of 960 records of energy research. The result shows the differences of mapping for energy research. This research recommends the need of documentation system policy on grey literature especially on energy research.

This research letter discusses elements of a long-term interdisciplinary research effort needed to help ensure the maximum social, economic, and environmental benefits of achieving secure universal access to modern energy services. Exclusion of these services affects the lives and livelihoods of billions of people. The research community has an important, but not yet well-defined, role to play.