Search

The article examines a new object of forensic economic examination – cryptocurrency. The author provides classic definitions of an object of forensic examination and establish the differences of cryptocurrency from the traditionally understood objects of both forensic examination in general and economic examination in particular. The main difference of cryptocurrency from other currencies and objects of investigation is its virtual nature, lack of affiliation with the material world. Two main points of view on the essence of cryptocurrency are analyzed: as a basis and tool for the development of new effective forms of payments, exchange of goods, and as an object and instrument of criminal activity. A definition of cryptocurrency is given as interpreted by the FATF – Financial Action Task Force. It is identified which issues related to the circulation of cryptocurrency can be attributed to the competence of a forensic expert-economist, and which – to the field of computer forensics. The author also describes the features of cryptocurrency that must be taken into account when considering it as an object of forensic economic examination.

The article is devoted to consideration of modern problems of determining the admissibility of digital (electronic) evidence in criminal proceedings. Given the importance of the outlined issues, the main purpose of the study is to characterize each component of the admissibility of such evidence, namely: the proper source of receipt, the proper subject, and the proper method of collection. It is emphasized that the biggest doctrinal problem that creates an obstacle in the definition of such criteria is the lack of a unified scientific vision regarding the concept of digital (electronic) evidence and the definition of its source. The existence of three scientific approaches to the solution of this problem was established, taking into account the author's position on possible ways of its elimination. Some practical aspects related to the problems of compliance with the criteria of admissibility of digital (electronic) evidence during the investigation of criminal offenses are disclosed. On the basis of a systematic analysis of scientific work and judicial practice, it was determined that the difficulty of solving problematic aspects of the admissibility of digital (electronic) evidence is related to their complex technical nature. This is due to the fact that digital (electronic) evidence contains abstract technical and mathematical models, characterized by specific conditions of origin, existence, copying and storage, which significantly differ from other types of evidentiary information. It has been proven that when determining digital (electronic) evidence, such a mandatory feature as relevance to a certain criminal proceeding should be displayed. This is explained by the fact that in a criminal trial, digital (electronic) evidence can only be the information that is of direct importance for a certain criminal proceeding. Another mandatory component of the definition of “digital (electronic) evidence” should be an indication of its specific nature. At the same time, it is inappropriate to recognize the approach when the definitions simultaneously indicate the electronic nature of such information and its concentration on a certain electronic medium. Information that is on a certain electronic medium is electronic and not any other. Otherwise, it leads to duplication and is a logical fallacy. It is suggested that the source of digital (electronic) evidence be considered a digital (electronic) object by means of which this evidentiary information was created, recorded or transmitted. The lack of official definition of digital (electronic) evidence and their sources, in contrast to civil and administrative procedural legislation, is among the shortcomings of the current criminal procedural legislation of Ukraine. However, the definitions proposed by the legislator contain shortcomings, in particular, the fixed definitions of digital (electronic) evidence contain an unjustified opposition of related concepts, such as “information”, “data” and “facts”.

Objective: to substantiate the need to identify new contractual constructs (models) taking into account the specific relations associated with the use of remote method of contract conclusion through digital technologies and to study the possible risks for their participants.Methods: along with special legal methods, the method of critical analysis was fundamental for the research process, which allowed us to evaluate and interpret the main sources and norms of civil law in relation to distant transactions. It also allowed assessing the current state of legislation in this area in the context of developing processes of digitalization and technologization of civil-law relations.Results: a critical analysis of the current state of legal regulation of remote ways of concluding contracts is presented, their classification is given. It is concluded that the digital technologies development gives rise to new remote ways of transactions, as well as fills with new content the procedures of contract conclusion, traditional for civil law. The expediency of singling out the concept of a “distant transaction” as a legal category in order to create a special civil-law regime is substantiated, and the basic concept being that of a “distant contract”. Certain types of distant contracts are analyzed to substantiate the need for special legal regimes in cases when the distant method of contract conclusion is combined with the use of digital technologies. It poses such problems as the distribution of risks of technological failures, hacker attacks, compliance with the balance of interests of the parties taking into account information asymmetry, and the need to protect the weaker party.Scientific novelty: an attempt is made to define such concepts as a “distant contract” and a “distant transaction” and to identify their features. The expediency is substantiated of considering a distant contract as a separate legal construction (model) of the contract. Within this framework, a special legal regime should be developed and fixed, which can be extended to unilateral distant transactions. The problems of legal regulation caused by the use of information technologies are formulated, and legal constructions for their solution are proposed.Practical significance: the final conclusions and proposals can be used both in contractual practice by the participants of civil turnover and for the normative consolidation of the concept and features of “distant contract”, “distant transaction”. A special legal regime can be created, taking into account the specificity generated by the use of digital technologies.

Given the rapid pace of informatization of society, the number of criminal offences involving the use of computers, their software, as well as telecommunications systems is continuously growing. Such illegal actions are characterized by leaving traces, including electronic imagery. They can be evidence of the commission of criminal offences, which explains the development and improvement of methods for their detection, collection, and investigation by law enforcement agencies. However, today such methods of detecting, collecting, and investigating electronic imagery of evidence are separately contained in several scientific papers of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, which allowed comprehensively covering them in this study. The purpose of this study was to review the theory and practice of the activities of authorized entities for the detection, collection, and investigation of electronic imagery of evidence. The study uses a set of various methods, namely scientific cognition of real phenomena and their connections with the practical activities of authorized bodies for the detection, collection, and investigation of electronic imagery (dialectical method), as well as special and general scientific methods of legal science. The study showed as follows: usually, investigators and operational officers detect electronic imagery independently, or as part of an investigative task force during the investigation of criminal offences, or before their commission; the collection of electronic imagery occurs during procedural actions (usually law enforcement intelligence actions) both from technical devices with which a criminal offence was committed, and from those that were attacked. When extracting electronic imagery, it is advisable to involve a suitable specialist (if possible, a cyberpolice officer); an authorized investigator, specialist, and expert are authorized to examine electronic imagery. Expert research of electronic imagery belongs only to experts and is carried out using the following examinations: computer equipment and software products, telecommunications systems and tools, as well as technical and forensic examination of documents. The conducted review will help authorized practitioners restore the memory of knowledge about information about the tools for detecting, collecting, and investigating electronic imagery, which will ensure the effective implementation of the tasks of criminal proceedings

Amaç: Çalışmada, kurumlar arasında fiziki ortamda paylaşılan resmî belgelerin kamuya mali yükünün boyutlarının ne olduğu incelenmektedir. Bu kapsamda, kâğıt ortamda paylaşılan yazılara kıyasla verimlilik artışının ekonomik açıdan analiz edilmesi ve en yüksek maliyet unsuru teşkil eden bileşenlerin ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmada, insan performans teknolojisi yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Elektronik ortamda paylaşılan resmi yazılarla kâğıt ortamında paylaşılan resmi yazılar arasındaki performans farkı örnek bir merkezi kamu kurumunun evrak biriminde analiz edilmiş ve bir maliyet analiziyle desteklenmiştir. Bulgular: İncelemesi yapılan kurumda kâğıt ortamında belge paylaşımından kaynaklı doğrudan maliyetin yıllık 23.414 TL olduğu, buna mukabil fiziki ortamda gönderilip alınan resmi yazıların gecikmesinden kaynaklı fırsat maliyetinin yıllık 3.905.702 TL olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Fırsat maliyeti resmi yazıya muhatap personelin yazıyı beklemesinde geçen sürenin maliyet karşılığı olarak hesaplanmıştır. Özgünlük: Çalışmada resmi yazışma sürecinde maliyet unsuru olan bileşenler ortaya konmuş ve sayısal verilerle ekonomik analiz yapılmıştır. Ayrıca fırsat maliyeti olarak nitelendirilebilecek şekilde resmi yazıya muhatap personelin zaman maliyeti de analize dâhil edilmiştir.

The article is devoted to the scientific analysis of the transformation of the “document” concept as an object of forensic research and to the identification of the main directions of development of forensic documentary science. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical, formal-logical, formal-legal approaches, and a number of general scientific methods (historical, functional, praxeological). The systematic approach has ensured the comprehensive nature of the study and the unification of its results with a general theoretical conclusion. The scientific novelty lies in the establishment of promising areas for the development of an innovative methodology for conducting forensic document examination in the context of the use of special technical means and the methodology for the use of modern software products. With the development of digital technologies, forensic science, in particular documentary science, has faced a significant number of new objects that require different approaches to research methods and tools. The transformation of the document as an object of forensic document science has significantly increased the demand for innovative technologies for research, making it necessary to integrate science and digital technologies in the investigation of crimes. The increase in the number of offences requiring the examination of electronic data storage devices poses new challenges for forensic experts, requiring modern means of recording and comparing them with standards. Forensic document research has acquired a different meaning and faced new challenges. With the development of digital technologies, forensic documentary requires the improvement of methods and means of researching information storage media. The transformation of the “document” concept has led to its definition as a carrier of information regardless of the way it is recorded. In parallel with the study of the classical written paper document, forensic science has in a short time mastered the methods and means of studying plastic cards, digital storage devices and electronic money. Forensic science defines a document as an object such as video documents, photo documents, film documents, etc. The current level of research is not determined by the traditional comparison with a reference sample, and sometimes such a sample does not exist at all. The research of a document cannot be considered complete without determining the originality of the information it contains, without comparing this information with other possible storage media of the same information.

Background of the study: Technological developments have encouraged the creation of cloud computing technology that allows access to information from everywhere via the internet. The use of cloud computing in managing electronic documents can manage document storage without having storage specialists, reducing the need for physical storage space, and access flexibility. But behind the benefits offered, some risks must be anticipated by the organization. Purpose: This study aims to determine the opportunities and challenges of using cloud computing in electronic document management. Method: This study uses the Systematic Literature Review method on the literature available in the Google Scholar database from 2017 to 2022. Findings: Based on the results of an analysis conducted on 20 selected articles, it was found that the opportunity of cloud computing in electronic document management is to increase efficiency in managing electronic documents, especially in terms of centralized document storage, increasing productivity, and response time of business processes, and cost efficiency. Meanwhile, the challenges are related to data security, system stability, authentication, and disaster preparedness, both from nature and cybercrime. Conclusion: The research recommends that organizations using cloud computing to manage their electronic document must provide compatible and good security systems.

The social changes that are taking place, such as the digital revolution, affect the work of the archives, largely transforming the nature of their main activities. Personal archives that people create in the process of life are also undergoing significant transformation by replacing analog documents with digital ones and uncontrolled material accumulation, lack of classification and methods of managing electronic documents related to this process. The current situation with personal archives requires arrangement of the processes of accumulation, selection, copying and storage of personal information. In this regard, fund creators need to acquire certain knowledge and skills in this area. The task of archivists is to offer potential fund creators effective and simple methods of managing electronic documents within personal and family archives. Archives in a number of countries publish understandable recommendations on their websites in order to give people an idea of the methods of managing personal archives that exist in a digital format, both at the stage of their creation and when they are archived. The article also examines the types of electronic digital documents that can be used to complete personal funds and the problems that arise in this regard.

The subject. The introduction of electronic technologies into management processes has led to the need to regulate the issues of the use of electronic personnel document management (further - EPDM). In the spring of 2020, Russia was conducting a legal experiment on the use of electronic documents related to work. As part of this experiment, according to the rules established by federal law, individual employers voluntarily refuse to issue certain types of personnel documents in paper form. It concerned employment contract and other contracts with an employee (on financial responsibility, apprenticeship), a vacation schedule, employee statements, as well as regulatory and organizational and administrative documents of the employer on labor (orders on admission, dismissals, penalties, etc.). The results of this experiment became the basis for the introduction of appropriate amendments to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.The main purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for improving the current labor legislation for the legalization of electronic personnel document management as part of a system of measures to achieve the maximum balance of interests of employees and employers.The main methods of the research are the analysis and generalization of judicial practice on labor disputes related to the evaluation of electronic evidence, the practice of using electronic personnel document management by individual employers, both participating and not participating in the legal experiment conducted at the federal level.The main results, scope of application. The preliminary results of above mentioned experiment have been summarized and an assessment of the validity and potential effectiveness of the draft law submitted to the Russian Federal Assembly has been given. The authors propose the results of a critical analysis of the interim results of the legal experiment on the introduction of EPDM. The authors demonstrate the pros and cons of electronic document management in terms of the readiness of the current legislation for it, as well as subjects of labor relations. The innovations of the prepared draft law on the introduction of a new article 22.1 to the Russian Labor Code as well as its positive aspects and some shortcomings are considered. Not only legal and technical shortcomings are indicated, but also some fundamental substantive contradictions. For example, a negligent attitude to the involvement of employees in making managerial decisions in the social and labor sphere due to the establishment of a trade union monopoly in a number of issues of social dialogue when introducing electronic personnel document management. The draft law does not consistently address issues related to security, enhanced qualified signature and the costs associated with obtaining it by an employee. The modern attitude of Russian courts to electronic evidence in labor disputes is demonstrated by the example of judicial practice. These examples demonstrate the most pressing issues of the introduction and use of EPDM, which need to be resolved at the legislative level. There is a need for effective protection of all participants in labor relations in the context of the development of digital technologies and their implementation in the daily life of each person.Conclusions. Adoption of new federal law regulating EPDM was necessary to establish general rules for employee-employer interaction in the digital environment, as well as for legalization of the exchange of electronic documents as a way of labor management.

The article discusses the prospects of using electronic documents and electronic document management in accounting and tax accounting. Changes in this area will lead to a new procedure for the formation and organization of registration of primary documents, internal documents and reports of economic entities. An electronic document can become a generalizing document for counterparties within the framework of the fact of economic activity. The use of electronic documents and electronic document management will automate a large number of accounting and tax accounting procedures. It will also contribute to the wider use of the possibilities of robotics for accounting activities. If the document is drawn up in electronic form, then it must be certified with an electronic signature. The correct use of an electronic signature and its types is essential for identifying the facts of economic activity. The rules of record keeping regarding the use of electronic documents and electronic document management will require significant changes and additions to accounting policies from business entities, both for accounting and for tax accounting.

Forensics as a science and sphere of practical activity cannot exist without a document, which is at the same time the main subject of forensic research, a carrier and a means of recording legal information. A document in Forensics is a basic, ambiguous, generalized concept, the definition and classification of which is not unanimous. The tasks of forensic documentation are: 1) development of forensic classification of documents, which will be based on various criteria; 2) development of methods for detecting the subject of forgery; 3) development of methods for rebuilding the information content of the document or its holder. The tasks of forensic classification of documents depend on the development of forensic properties of all types of modern documents. The study of forensic properties of documents is urgent, as the emergence of new types of documents, including electronic, requires an expansion of the list of documents that are involved in examinations. A document in Forensics is defined as a material object with information recorded on it, which is important for establishing the circumstances of criminal proceedings. The problem of using an electronic document as a source of evidence in criminal proceedings is analyzed in detail from the standpoint of the theory of criminal proceedings and forensic science. An electronic document as a source of judicial evidence is an object that carries information that is important for establishing the circumstances to be proved in criminal proceedings, and exists only in the electronic environment in a form acceptable for use in criminal proceedings. Electronic documents can act as a means of committing crimes in the field of computer information, as well as other crimes using computer technology, can be the object of criminal encroachment or information “traces” that arise during the preparation for crime and commission of criminal acts. A cryptocurrency is added to the subject of forensic research, which is essentially an electronic document, an object of civil rights, has value, turnover, place of storage and owner.

Over the years the system of registration of ships and mortgages in Croatia has passed through significant modifications, all of them made with the intention to ensure the attractiveness of the Croatian Register of Ships and boost the competitiveness of Croatian shipping. With the latest 2019 Act on Amendments to the Maritime Code1 (hereinafter: Amendments) the system of ship registration has completed its long development, from a complex court-administrative procedure to a simple and expeditious one. In the past, the system was organised through separate registers for respective types of maritime objects (craft). Eight Harbour Master Offices, located in eight Croatian ports, had jurisdiction for ship registration and for keeping the Register Books. The Amendments organised the Register as a unified and centralised register, kept in electronic form for all types of maritime objects (navigational, floating and fixed) and maritime objects in construction, excluding war ships and ships constructed for the Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia or foreign armed forces. The shipowner or the operator or manager of a ship in international trade or the owner or charterer of a yacht of 24 metres or over in length sailing internationally can register a ship or yacht in any Croatian port regardless of the location of its principal place of business. The concept of hypothec/mortgage was developed from “the contractual right of pledge on a ship” equivalent to the civil law hypothec, into the hypothec on a ship adopted in the 2004 Maritime Code, which confers upon the creditor the same rights as an English mortgage. The recognition of documents in English eliminates the need for translation into Croatian formerly required for registration. Now, the procedure for the registration and deletion of ships and mortgages is simple and expeditious.

The purpose of the article is to study the institute of pre-trial investigation and prospects for its further improvement by converting into electronic format. According to the goal, the research aims to develop a position on creating the most optimal model of information and telecommunication system of pre-trial investigation, as well as to study the prospects of its implementation and identify possible issues that may arise during pre-trial investigation in electronic format. The introduction of electronic criminal proceedings is a very important and relevant step that will save significant time, money, reduce the time of consideration of relevant procedural documents, facilitate access of participants within their competence to the relevant materials of criminal proceedings and more. The provisions of the CPC of Ukraine already include attempts by the legislator to introduce electronic procedural proceeding, in particular through the possibility of using an electronic document and creating a Unified Register of Pre-trial Investigation. In addition, on December 15, 2021, the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine on the introduction of information and telecommunications system of pre-trial investigation" came into force, the provisions of which should regulate the procedure of electronic criminal proceedings. Detailed acquaintance with its contents gives the chance to outline a number of essential lacks. The provisions of the Ukrainian legislation and some countries of the world community on the regulation of general requirements for the implementation of electronic criminal proceedings have been summarized. With this in mind, a number of problematic theoretical and applied issues have been identified, on the basis of which scientifically sound proposals have been formulated, which are directly related to making changes and additions to the current legislation.

The purpose of the article is to outline the value of electronic document management for business, in particular, to formulate its advantages in the context of modern digital transformation and global challenges. The research methodology consists of scientific research principles, a systematic approach to identifying the problem, methods of theoretical systematization and generalization (to identify the results and conclusions of previous studies), critical analysis (to critically evaluate the existing positions of the authors), observation, analysis and synthesis (to identify the problems of using electronic document management in business, formulating its main advantages and disadvantages). The scientific novelty lies in the formulated advantages of electronic document management for business in the context of modern challenges of digital transformation and global challenges, including saving money, time and space resources, strengthening the competitiveness of business through the growth of its flexibility and adaptability. Conclusions. There is a rather primitive idea of the benefits of using electronic documentation in business processes. The multidimensionality of the business space, due to the digital transformation of the economy and the modern business environment, determines qualitatively new requirements for the circulation of information; metadata, which is formed in the interaction of business with other economic agents in the digital space, is gaining importance. Having a high-quality electronic document management system will improve both internal efficiency and overall business competitiveness. The use of modern digital data processing systems requires a review of the requirements for the electronic documents themselves, the reduction of classic document details, and their replacement with metadata. This will simplify the procedures for creating documents, reduce the burden of documentary work, linkage of documents with each other, and verification of the document’s legitimacy. The biggest advantage of electronic document management is the ability to index documents and process them using artificial intelligence technologies, which allows you to search for errors and differences from previous operations, predict operations, and use registers of open and official data.

The study made it possible to consider distance work as a event within the labor protection institute. The results of the study make it possible to make clarifications and additions to the existing scientific ideas about the genesis of this institution of labor law and labor legislation. The prerequisites for the modernization of the legal regulation of distance work are revealed: the actual and widespread emergence of the corresponding economic relations; development of technological conditions for widespread use of remote work; adoption and approbation of legislation allowing remote registration of the emergence, change and termination of labor relations. The improvement of legislation took place in the conditions of self-isolation caused by the coronavirus pandemic, in the conditions of the forced digitalization of public relations, in the conditions of the constitution of social partnership in the world of work and the intensification of the application of its principles and mechanism in the practice of rule-making. Prospects for the legal regulation of distance work as an institution are associated with its extension to all categories of the precariat, as well as to all cases of the use of dependent labor. As a part of the labor protection institute, remote work has every chance of first spreading to new forms of dependent labor that have arisen and are emerging in a changing society in the process of preparing for the transition to the sixth technological order (platform employment, labor of economically dependent self-employed contractors, etc.). To do this, this institution should introduce the maximum possibility of differentiating the legal regulation of the relevant relations.

Author faces the problem of the probative value of electronic documents with a “weak” signature or not signed, illustrating the relevant provisions under Italian law and discussing the different interpretations followed by case law and legal writers. In Author’s opinion, on one hand, it is necessary to distinguish between declaratory and non-declaratory documents in evaluating electronic documents and, on the other hand, courts would have more discretion in establishing the authorship of a declaratory electronic document than of a hand-written one.

To ensure the availability of information needed by employees of PT KAI (Persero) Operating Area 1, EDMS becomes a solution that utilizes information technology and communication in its management. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive case study research method. The research data was obtained through observation, interviews and document studies. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of EDMS in structuring documents of PT KAI Daerah Operasi 1 Jakarta using the Rail Document System serves to cut time in the bureaucratic process; saving resources; and more efficient and effective access. This can be reflected in the findings obtained by researchers indicating that these components have been implemented in electronic document processing activities, although in practice there are still things that need to be improved to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the RDS system.

In the course of the research, the consequences of improperly organized workflow at the enterprise were determined. The role of the state in regulating information and documentary relations in Ukraine is emphasized, but at the same time there is a lack of a comprehensive approach in the development of legal norms concerning electronic document flow. The basic principles and tasks of electronic document management are highlighted. It was underlined that the use of an electronic document management system involves a number of risks to the accounting procedure: the absence of a clear delineation of the duties and responsibilities of the employees of the enterprise; weak system of protection against unauthorized access to the database or lack thereof, the need to provide antivirus protection of information, as well as the qualifications of accounting employees (insufficient training of company staff). It is concluded that the procedure for transferring primary documents in electronic form to other entities needs to be regulated, as well as to establish safeguards and control measures concerning the powers of use and access to electronic documents and electronic signatures. The following measures are proposed to organize the circulation of documents in the conditions of information and computer technologies: providing in the normative documents at the state level the possibility of compiling primary documents and accounting registers in electronic form and obligatory making copies of such documents on paper for other participants of business transactions and on the requirement of control bodies in accordance with the current legislation of Ukraine; to regulate the order of transmission of primary documents in electronic form, to ensure their long-term storage; establish safeguards and control over the movement and use of electronic documents and electronic signatures.

The article is devoted to current issues of legal regulation of electronic document management in the world practice and at the national level. The aim of the article is to provide the reader with some informations at studying the features of international legal and national regulation of relations taking shape in the field of electronic document management. The main goal of the article is a comparative analysis of the norms of international legal regulation of electronic document management in various legal systems. The authors came to the conclusion that Estonia’s experience in the legal regulation of electronic document management should be introduced into the Kazakhstan electronic document management system since Estonia was the first in the world to elect parliament through the Internet, the first to conduct an electronic population census. Estonia has one of the most developed electronic identification systems in the world using ID cards, which provides citizens with access to any electronic service in the country. During the research of the questions posed that has been made, there were used several methods, including: logical, formal, analytical. In addition, private scientific methods were used in the work: structural-system analysis, concrete historical, comparative legal, logical, statistical methods, etc.

Purpose – The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the problems of legal regulation of relations in the field of electronic document management. Methodology/approach/design – The paper employs methods of comparative law and analytical, which determine the possibility of integrating international standards for the regulation of electronic document flow. Findings – Electronic document flow is becoming an integral part of the most diverse areas of economic activity of any enterprise. The document flow contains elements of the general law of regulation and reaffirms the necessity of following specific instructions. Its electronic form allows the information interchange between subjects of economical and legal activity. This defines the possibility of the formation of a separate branch of legal regulation in the document flow. The possibility of the structuring and correlation of an informational and another branch of the law for the aim of complex usage of an electronic document flow is viewed as a separate aspect. Practical implications – Material of the article may be useful in matters of regulation of the legislative system of document management. Originality/value – The novelty of the study is that the article examined in detail the mechanism of electronic document management in different countries.

The description of the method and algorithm for embedding a hidden message or a digital watermark into files of Microsoft Word electronic documents in .DOCX format based on two steganographic methods is given. A Microsoft Word electronic document in .DOCX format is used as a steganographic container. One of the methods uses the features of displaying a document by a word processor and the word processor allows the displacement of hidden characters, such as spaces, tabs and paragraphs, in the text relatively to the line of text. The second method uses the feature of the .DOCX format electronic text document that a document is an archive containing Open XML format files and media files, so specialized steganographic methods for XML files can be used for embedding a hidden message. In this case the quotes replacement method is used. The embedding of a hidden message by one of the methods is used for checking the integrity of the other message through the second method. Depending on the capacity of the steganographic container a method can be chosen to embed the message anda method to control the integrity of the message. The algorithm of the inverse steganographic transformation for extracting a message and confirming the integrity of an electronic document is considered. The application is developed to perform the embedding of a hidden message in an electronic text document depending on the capacity of the container. The possibility of using of some steganographic methods is analyzed with the aim of forming a multi-key steganographic system intended for a digital watermarking of an electronic document Microsoft Word format .DOCX.

In article the topical issues connected with inclusion of the electronic document in the system of proofs of criminal proceedings are considered. In article scientific views of scientists concerning reckoning of the electronic document to "material evidences" and "other documents" are analyzed. The proposals connected with use of the electronic document as a material evidence in criminal proceedings are made.

With the development of information and communication technologies, the workflow of many processes has also changed. A scientific publication processes are also facing these changes. Publishing scientific articles is an expensive and time-consuming process that requires significant prior investment and technical expertise. On the other hand, the information systems are subject to updates, and without changes, they can become incompatible with new technologies after some period. In this study, the update of online publication and scientific content management system was analyzed. The system was tested for the quality in use and performance, as well as to accordance with WCAG 2.0 accessibility checkpoints and user perception. The same tests were conducted after an update. Results of the tests showed that mostly the feature updates affected users’ perception, while improvements of performance higher compliance with accessibility standards had less effect. The further effect of a feature system update, such as menu position and type of implementation, were observed. The design allows to manage several journals. Moreover, the design allows adding new journals to the system as well. The publishing process in a system is article based. Unlike the previous version, the system stores an article metadata and can work with .pdf format. In addition, in this study we consider the requirements that need to be met by a publishing software.

This paper investigates the problem of distributed storage of electronic documents (both metadata and files) in decentralized blockchain-based b2b systems (DApps). The need to reduce the cost of implementing such systems and the insufficient elaboration of the issue of storing big data in DLT are considered. An approach for building such systems is proposed, which allows optimizing the size of the required storage (by using Erasure coding) and simultaneously providing secure data storage in geographically distributed systems of a company, or within a consortium of companies. The novelty of this solution is that we are the first who combine enterprise DLT with distributed file storage, in which the availability of files is controlled. The results of our experiment demonstrate that the speed of the described DApp is comparable to known b2c torrent projects, and subsequently justify the choice of Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum Enterprise for its use. Obtained test results show that public blockchain networks are not suitable for creating such a b2b system. The proposed system solves the main challenges of distributed data storage by grouping data into clusters and managing them with a load balancer, while preventing data tempering using a blockchain network. The considered DApps storage methodology easily scales horizontally in terms of distributed file storage and can be deployed on cloud computing technologies, while minimizing the required storage space. We compare this approach with known methods of file storage in distributed systems, including central storage, torrents, IPFS, and Storj. The reliability of this approach is calculated and the result is compared to traditional solutions based on full backup.

Modern information systems allow organizations to improve their efficiency, significantly reduce their costs and meet regulatory requirements. A good document management system is often regarded as all that is required, but additional protection measures are also needed to ensure that data is protected from unauthorized access and forgery. The purpose of this article is to modify the algorithms of cryptographic methods of protecting the integrity of a document using an electronic digital signature. Document management systems typically provide security and control access to documents in a controlled environment. However, when a document leaves a secure environment, it is easy to modify it. Unprotected documents do not allow to determine whether the document is authentic, who was the originator and the approver or has it been modified since its creation. The problem of keeping electronic documents from being copied, modified, and forgery requires specific approaches and methods of protection for its solution. One of the most common method of such protection in the world is an electronic digital signature (EDS), which confirms the authenticity, integrity its details and the fact of signing by a specific person of the document with the help of special software. Common encryption methods are based on factorization of large numbers (RSA, DSA, ElGamal) and discrete logarithmization (ECDSA, EdDSA, GOST R 34.10–2012). Each pair of keys consists of a private key and a public key. They are interdependent, but can be used separately. Usually, each pair of keys may belong to a specific key holder. The algorithm works in such a way that it is impossible for third parties to calculate the private key, even if they own the public key. Ref. 13, figure 6, table 3

The information, like human resources, capital, materials and technology, is one of the main resources used by the institution. Due to its increasing significance in today's society of informatization, more attention is paid to the methods of managing document processes based on documenting and documenting technologies, as well as the active use of computer technology and information technologies. Therefore, due to insufficient number of domestic works on the topic, the theory and practice of document management, in particular using the latest information technologies, is an actual and perspective direction of scientific research. The article deals with the concept of «documentation processes management».The urgency of the need of new information technologies implementation into the field of documentation support and their efficiency in administrative work has been highlighted. The objective of the study. To analyze the leading tendencies of introduction of the newest technologies in management of documentation processes in the conditions of information society. The tasks of the study are following: to disclose the content of the concept “document management”; to trace the impact of transition to electronic document management on the effectiveness of working with documents in institutions; to describe the main advantages of electronic document management systems for working with electronic documents. The results of the study confirmed that due to the continuous increase in the number of information the traditional methods of managing of documentation processes become ineffective. In terms of informatization of the society, the innovative information technologies are rapidly developing, which are rapidly being implemented into the field of documentation procedures.

На фоне событий, на сегодняшний день происходят в Украине и мире, а также в условиях массового распространения средств электронно-вычислительной техники и возможностей несанкционированных действий над информацией возникает необходимость более тщательной защиты государственной, промышленной, коммерческой и финансовой тайны. Защита информации в целом и защите информации в автоматизированных системах в частности, становится все более актуальной и сложной задачей, для решения которой необходимо привлекать все больше квалифицированного персонала и организаций, специализирующихся на защите информации. Для быстрого и качественного управления в учреждениях различного уровня все больше внедряются системы электронного документооборота, которые не в полной мере защищены от атак злоумышленников, преследуют полезные цели в причиненные ущерб той или иной организации. С целью сохранения конфиденциальности, целостности и доступности информации, циркулирующей в системах электронного документооборота используется в настоящее время ряд методов (средств) защиты информации.

The paper presents an analysis of programmes for organizing electronic document turnover contributing to more efficient resource management in the company.

The paper represents the main problems which exist in the organization of the repository of business information across the enterprise. The paper proves the relevance of the problems directed on business information systematization. This allows to optimize business processes of the enterprise. Repository is considered as a mechanism which provides data and metadata integration for information resources storage for their further search, collecting and delivering. The paper represents the analysis of the problems of repository development, which includes the problems of collecting, annotating, cataloging, retrieval and presentation of information to user of the enterprise repository. The approaches and tools for solving these problems are considered, in particular the approaches of information search. Relevance is considered as the key property of search technology. The approaches used to increase relevance of information search are considered.

The paper presents the main results on the development of scientific rationale and technological approaches to creating and developing a unified information environment of educational institutions. The received were received over a ten-year period in the research school under the guidance of the RF Government Prize winner, Professor K. E. Afanasyev. The paper addresses the common approaches and technological solutions for integrating information systems and resources based on electronic documents and service-oriented architecture. The concept of the electronic document was expanded, a system of electronic document with advanced features was created. Astandards profile, taking into account all the stages of developing information environment, was built. The basic and specific software components,providing a unified information environment based on an integrated analysis of information system management of the educational institution, were developed and introduced in Kemerovo State University and its branches.

O objetivo deste artigo é tecer algumas considerações a respeito dos documentos eletrônicos utilizados na contabilidade das empresas. O artigo inclui uma rápida descrição de como esta matéria vem sendo tratada por alguns órgãos normatizadores e instituições dos Estados Unidos da América. Também, o artigo pretende conceituar e verificar os fundamentos dos documentos, dos documentos eletrônicos e, por fim, dos documentos contábeis. Neste sentido, foram verificados alguns dispositivos legais que amparam o uso deste tipo de documento, bem como a situação de alguns projetos de leis que disciplinam esta matéria. Os resultados mostram um momento de transição, coerente com a mudança de paradigmas que está ocorrendo na chamada nova economia. Também revelam alguns problemas, tais como a falta de legislação específica que dê suporte ao uso dos documentos eletrônicos na contabilidade.The main objective of this article is to elaborate some thoughts on electronic documents used in corporate accounting. This article is a quick summary of how electronic documents have been treated by corporate regulatory agencies in the USA.The article also intends to create concepts and verify the foundations of the documents, that is, electronic documents and accounting documents. Therefore, rules and laws were verified, as well as Law Projects related to the issue. The results show a transition period in accordance with paradigm changes, which are a result of the new economy. Additionally, it reveals some problems such as a lack of specific legislation in the use of electronic documents in accounting.

無XML was completed in 1998 by the W3C. This paper focuses the attention on the issues of the XML-based Web publishing. First of all, the paper describes the essential primaries of the electronic documents, analyses the situation of the Web publishing, explore the difficulties and bottlenecks of HTML. Furthermore, based on the purposes of document access, integration, delivery, manipulation and display, the paper proposes a 3-tier distributed architecture for document management. Which maps the related technologies of XML family, such as DTD, XML Schema, XML Namespaces, RDF, XLink, DOM, CCS and XSL, etc., to the corresponding tiers. It also reflects that XML will plays an important role in the Web integration. If we say that the HTML was the first revolution of the Web, then the XML could be viewed as the second-generation. XML not only provides a new mechanism for data representation, but also has the potential to extend the Internet beyond information delivery to knowledge management. Expectably, XML will cut a generous swath across various application fields, such as electronic publishing, electronic commerce, electronic library, electronic data exchange, and distance learning, etc.

La Ley 11/2007, de 22 de junio, de acceso electrónico de los ciudadanos a los Servicios Públicos, obliga a las entidades públicas a la creación de canales de comunicación no presenciales entre la administración y los ciudadanos. Es el punto de partida de lo que conocemos como e-administración, un cambio de modelo en los entornos de trabajo que ha obligado a la redefinición de los conceptos, técnicas y procesos relacionados con la gestión documental. Ha sido en la administración local, la más próxima a los ciudadanos, donde los programas de modernización se han hecho más evidentes, siempre con dos objetivos clave: eficacia y transparencia, y con un núcleo central, las políticas de gestión de documentos electrónicos, afectando por tanto de lleno a los servicios de archivo.

Productivity growing, as well as reducing of operational costs in a company can be achieved by adopting a document management solutions. Such application will allow management and structured and efficient transmission of information within the organization.