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The techniques and classical methods used to make fixed prosthetic restorations may involve recycled metal alloys from previous castings. The article presents an assessment of the procedures that dental technicians apply, the principles and criteria that are at the base of their choices and decisions when they use metal alloys in fixed prosthetic restorations. Objective. The article aims at the identification of the practices used by dental technicians in Romania when manufacturing non-noble metal alloys prosthetic suprastructures. Material and method. The data collection methodology is an attribute of both quantitative and qualitative research. Results. Over 50% of the dental laboratories are using classical methods of processing metal alloys, 82% of dental technicians use non-noble alloys (Cr-Ni, Cr-Co). 60.7% apply the recycling technique by reusing alloys and 46.4% of them are reusing the materials. Defining factors for choosing recycling process are determined on "personal appreciation based on experience in the field" and "financial-economic" criteria. Discussions. Scientific studies investigating the negative effects of recycling processes used for fixed prosthetic suprastructures emphasize on microstructural and chemical changes, consequences on the mechanical strength of the materials. They underline the strength in acidic environment, significant long-term toxic contribution in relation to the acidic environment of the oral cavity. Conclusions. The predominant use of classical laboratory methods favours the over - reuse of alloys left overs from previous melts as well as materials. The effects of these techniques are drastic and the cautious use is fundamental.

Introduction. By follow-up care process is meant an individualized curative-prophylactic active medical method, which supervises, at the initiative of the doctor, categories of healthy persons - exposed to risk factors - or categories of sick persons suffering from certain conditions. Purpose. In this study, we will refer to the theoretical and practical aspects regarding the necessity of follow-up care in children patients (preschool children, pupils), adolescents and young people, an operation that must be performed by the doctors with specialization and/or competence in pediatric dentistry, by the doctors with specialization in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, by the school doctors, as well as by the simple dental doctors, who perform very regular pediatric dentistry maneuvers. Material and method. This study was conducted with the help of 23 pedodontists or pediatric dentists in Bucharest. Results and discussions. The answers obtained by applying the questionnaire created a clear image of the follow-up care system currently existing in Bucharest. Conclusions. The follow-up care in pediatric dentistry is the most useful active dental care, and in order to have an increased efficiency it is necessary that it is extremely well organized and controlled.

Introduction. By follow-up care process is meant an individualized curative-prophylactic active medical method, which supervises, at the initiative of the doctor, categories of healthy persons - exposed to risk factors - or categories of sick persons suffering from certain conditions. Purpose. In this study, we will refer to the theoretical and practical aspects regarding the necessity of follow-up care in children patients (preschool children, pupils), adolescents and young people, an operation that must be performed by the doctors with specialization and/or competence in pediatric dentistry, by the doctors with specialization in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, by the school doctors, as well as by the simple dental doctors, who perform very regular pediatric dentistry maneuvers. Material and method. This study was conducted with the help of 23 pedodontists or pediatric dentists in Bucharest. Results and discussions. The answers obtained by applying the questionnaire created a clear image of the follow-up care system currently existing in Bucharest. Conclusions. The follow-up care in pediatric dentistry is the most useful active dental care, and in order to have an increased efficiency it is necessary that it is extremely well organized and controlled.

Introduction. In general, implant-prosthetic restorations, whether they are fixed or mobile, and regardless of their location (maxillary or mandibular), imply slightly different design and conceiving criteria, compared to the conventional prosthetic restorations already known. Purpose. In this material we tried to present some general and particular aspects regarding the design and manufacture of fixed implant-prosthetic restorations. Material and method. The study took place between September and December 2019 with the help of 31 dentists from Bucharest. Results and discussions. Following the application of the questionnaire, we were able to outline some aspects, frequently encountered in practice, by dentists who perform implant-prosthetic restorations related to occlusal balancing and the forces that appear at the level of implant restorations. Conclusions. The correct analysis and evaluation of the occlusal contacts and forces, leads to an increase in the life expectancy of prosthetic work as well as of their support (dental or implant).

ntroduction. Infectious risk in orthodontic practice is a real risk and involves problems both for the medical team of orthodontics and dental-facial orthopedics and for patients. Purpose. In this material we tried to highlight both the microbial load taken from the level of metal breaches Existing in the oral cavity but also the effect of mouthwashes with wide commercial use, on the different categories of germs isolated from these surfaces. Material and method. Microbial harvesting was carried out at different stages of the consultation and periodic examination in order to establish the effect that different substances have on reducing microbial load. Results and discussion. The results obtained for each stage and study group are graphically exemplified for a better understanding of the studied problem. Conclusions. The efficiency of the substances for removing the bacterial load is considerable but the replacement of disinfectants due to their toxicity and aggressiveness must be considered.

Introduction. In the growing process of each individual, there are 4 essential stages that must be very well known by the pediatric dentist, when intervening on these changes: the stage named the age immediately after birth; pre-school age; the stage of mixed dentition and the age period after 12 years. Purpose. Starting from the existence of these 4 stages of the growing process of each individual, in this material we tried a brief presentation of some aspects, both theoretical and practical, regarding the therapeutic approach in the dental pathology of the temporary teeth. Material and method. The study was conducted through the collaboration of 35 dentists from all over the country based on a questionnaire consisting of 6 questions. Result and discussion. Following the application of the questionnaire we were able to create an image of the way in which the dental pathology of the permanent teeth is therapeutically approached by the practitioners included in the study. Conclusion. Dental lesions in the temporary dentition should be evaluated and treated with great care, to prevent the medium and long term complications of permanent dentition.

Introduction. A special role in the occurrence of acute or chronic infections is the microbial biofilms, which contain several microbial species and which develop mainly on inert surfaces. Purpose. The objective of this research is to obtain scientific information on microbial biofilms relevant to human health, in order to identify and improve the prophylactic and therapeutic methods of the infections caused by them. Material and method. This research focuses on the study of the microbial plaque attached to the dental surfaces, from patients wearing fixed dental appliances. The study was performed on a number of 39 patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Results and discussion. Several types of microbial strains have been identified – Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia liquefaciens, Enterobacter cloacae, Eikenella corodens, Lactobacillus sp., Bacteroides sp., Candida albicans etc. Conclusion. The identification of the microbial strains isolated from the dental plaque revealed a great diversity of the aerobic and aerobic facultative anaerobic microbial species, which supports the hypothesis of the nonspecific bacterial plaque, involved in the etiology of periodontal diseases.

Introduction. Reliable and rigorous, the new techniques and procedures of oral implantology have rapidly evolved, having an important place in the therapeutic plan elaboration, for the prosthetic restoration of different forms of edentation, especially single tooth edentation. Purpose. Through this study we want to implement among the dental professionals, some notions of theoretical and practical character, regarding certain therapeutic implant-prosthetic flows for restoring single tooth edentations regardless of location. Material and method. The study was carried out with the help of an 8-point questionnaire, applied to a study group composed of 45 dentists in Romania. Resultsand discussion. The results of this study create a clear picture of how physicians know and apply the concepts related to implant supported prosthetic rehabilitation. Conclusion. Implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of single tooth edentations is a safe treatment method, with few surgical complications and minimal bone loss, an aspect that also results from the answers of the doctors participating in the study.

Introduction. The therapeutic approach of deep carious lesions in the temporary teeth represents an extremely complex problem for pediatric dentists, both in terms of their instrumentation and in terms of collaboration with children in specialized treatment, but also with their parents. Purpose. In this material we tried to present as briefly as possible the role of the pediatric dental specialist in the treatment of deep carious lesions existing in the temporary dentition. Material and method. The study was carried out with the help of 41 dentists in Romania, from September 10 to October 10, 2019. Results and discussions. Centralized responses create a clear picture of how practitioners understand the importance of dental caries treatment in temporary teeth. Conclusions. Maintaining temporary teeth on the arches until the eruption of the definitive counterparts, plays an important role in maintaining the length and shape of the dental arches, as well as in preventing the occurrence of malocclusions.

Introduction. Prosthetic restoration of single tooth edentation produced by the loss of the permanent first molar (6-year molar), regardless of its location (maxillary or mandibular), represents a challenge for any dentist. Purpose. In this study we tried to present some theoretical and practical aspects regarding the advantages of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, regarding the advantages of implant-prosthetic rehabilitation compared to the classic prosthetic rehabilitation, for the restoration of the 6-year molar single tooth edentation, taking into account both the opinions of the dentists and the preferences of the patients. Material and method. The study was conducted between April 15 and June 30, 2018 on a group of 39 dentists, based on a questionnaire with 8 questions. Results and discussion. The results obtained from the analysis of the answers given to the 8 questions, have been exposed in a varied iconography for easier understanding. Conclusion. The most important aspect of this study is that most practitioners have recommended fixed prosthetic restorations on implant support, because of their superior advantages, compared with fixed prosthetic restorations with aggregation on the teeth bordering the edentulous breach.

Data on the functional three-dimensional positioning of the future restoration are important for planning a prosthetic guided insertion of the dental implants. Errors can occur in the digital and analogous process of analysis, design and production of the surgical guides, possibilities of minimizing them being vital for obtaining a predictable surgical and prosthetic process.

The lifespan of a fixed implant supported restoration is influenced by several factors: the medical team's experience, the superior technical and material endowment, the experience of the dental laboratory, but also maintaining a proper hygiene by the patient. Purpose. In this study, we insisted on the responsibility that rehabilitated patients through implant supported restorations should assume. Material and method. The study was conducted between March 2016 and March 2018 on a group of 73 patients rehabilitated by fixed implant supported restorations using a questionnaire consisting of 7 questions. Results and discussions. Maintaining a high degree of hygiene by regular or professional means of implant-prosthetic restorations leads to prolonging their life span. For this, it is necessary on the one hand for the medical team to make pertinent, logical, sufficient and easy to understand recommendations for all patients and on the other hand for the patients to implement the part of the recommendation that directly targets them. Conclusions. The recommendations of the medical team on oral hygiene after fixed implant supported restorations should be done in a language that is appropriate and easy to understand by patients. To the same extent, the recommendations must be assimilated and respected by patients, as a significant component in maintaining good hygiene in fixed implant supported restorations is the patient.

Implant-supported restorations are being used increasingly by dentists to treat maxillary or mandibular total edentulous patients in parallel with the old methods involving acrylic full dentures. Purpose. In this study, we attempted to perform an assessment of satisfaction degree in elderly total edentulous patients who were carriers of acrylic full dentures and were subsequently rehabilitated using cement retained implant-supported restorations. Material and method. The study was conducted using a 5-point questionnaire, applied to a study group of 39 patients aged between 67 and 77 years between April 2014 and June 2018. Results and discussions. The results provide information on how the edentulous condition is perceived, as well as the classical and modern treatment modalities. Conclusions. The treatment of the edentulous condition by fixed implant-supported prosthesis should be regarded as an alternative from the beginning of the treatment.

Purpose. The adhesion ability of microorganisms present in the oral microbial plaque is a certainty for solid surfaces at this level (including coronal restorations, classical prosthetic restorations and implantsupported restorations fixed and mobile, orthodontic appliances). Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to demonstrate the ability of these microorganisms from the oral cavity to adhere on the surface of some common impression materials used in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation. Material and method. The study was conducted on the main impression materials used in implant supported prosthetic restorations as well as in dental medicine: irreversible hydrocolloids, zinc oxide eugenol pastes, polyethers, condensation and addition silicones. The study was conducted between June and July 2017. Results and discussions. With the help of microorganisms isolated from the 87 patients, an inoculation of standard samples of impression materials was performed. Verification of adherence was achieved at different time intervals, the results being significant. Conclusions. For the tested materials, it was noted that the degree of adhesion was either influenced by the products incorporated in the base substance or by the secondary products resulted from chemical setting of material.

Purpose. Starting from a very recent event on the market of disinfectants, where for many years very diluted disinfectant products were marketed in Romania, the antimicrobial activity being non-existent, we tried, on the basis of simple experiments, to study the antimicrobial efficiency of the active substances of some common products used on impression materials in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, but also in classical dental prosthetics and in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics, products approved and used in the European Union. Material and method. 7 decontamination and/or disinfectant products were tested for qualitative screening for the sensitivity to different microbial strains as well as for quantitative testing of antimicrobial activity. Results and discussions. The study results for the two objectives are influenced by the active substances of the tested products. Conclusions. Decontamination of dental impressions must also become a certainty in implant-prosthetic rehabilitation, in classical dental prosthetics and in orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics even if this work is disregarded and ignored by many practitioners.