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IntroductionPediatricians in training are a population at risk for anxiety and depression: they face long working hours, they are confronted with the suffering and death of a vulnerable population and may have personal characteristics that put them in danger. Nonetheless, few studies have looked at their prevalence and associated factors. We aimed to compare demographic, professional activities, adversities and perfectionism personality features between a group of pediatricians in training with depression and/or anxiety and a group of pediatricians in training without depression nor anxiety and, to identify the variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety in pediatricians in training.MethodsPediatric residents who voluntarily answered an online survey distributed via personal and institutional social media channels from October 2019 to April 2021, as part of a cross-sectional study with medical specialists and residents from Mexico were included. Demographic information, professional activities and adversities, perfectionism personality features (Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale), depression and anxiety (ICD-11 PHC) were evaluated. For comparison purposes Chi-square tests (χ2) and independent sample t-tests were used. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify those variables that increase the probabilities of depression and/or anxiety.Results934 pediatric residents answered the survey. 11.6% reported having depression and 20% anxiety. Being single, a history of anxious or depressive episodes, being the resident in charge of a patient who died, aggressions from colleagues and a high concern for errors were associated with current depression and/or anxiety.DiscussionScreening for depressive and anxious symptoms should be routinely performed from entry to the residency to favor early intervention. A shift from promoting perfectionism to a more compassionate training could serve a population facing so many adversities.

Background: Dextro-transposition of the great arteries is a congenital heart defect with eventually lethal life-threatening consequences of hypoxic low cardiac output. When a balloon atrial septostomy (BAS) is needed, it is performed shortly after birth to create an interatrial shunt and improve systemic blood oxygenation and haemodynamic conditions. In 2019 and 2020, the withdrawal of some balloon atrioseptostomy catheters from the market led to increased use of catheters with different materials, shapes, and sizes. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether the size of the Miller and Fogarty balloon (Edwards Lifesciences) in its 2 variations, the 4.0 cc and the 1.8 cc, had a different impact on the systemic oxygen saturation, on the atrial septal defect (ASD) size, or on the type and frequency of procedure-related complications. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 134 consecutive patients diagnosed with dextrotransposition of the great arteries between 2002 and 2018 who underwent BAS in a tertiary paediatric hospital in Canada. Results: BAS resulted in a significant increase in oxygen saturation of 18.91% ± 12.95% points (P < 0.0001) and a significant increase in the resulting ASD by 3.92 ± 1.58 mm (P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in resulting oxygen saturation (P = 0.8370) or the final ASD size (P = 0.2193) based on the balloon size. Severe or life-threatening complications were rare (1%) with no subsequent patient demise. Conclusions: This is the first study to show that the small balloon is as efficient as the large balloon catheter including in premature patients. This raises the question whether different balloon sizes are necessary. Résumé: Contexte: La dextro-transposition des gros vaisseaux (dTGV) est une cardiopathie congénitale dont les conséquences peuvent être mortelles en raison du bas débit cardiaque et de l’état hypoxique. Lorsqu’une septostomie auriculaire par ballonnet est nécessaire, l’intervention est réalisée après la naissance pour créer une communication interauriculaire (CIA); cette ouverture améliore l’oxygénation de la circulation sanguine systémique ainsi que les conditions hémodynamiques. En 2019 et en 2020, le retrait du marché de certains cathéters utilisés lors des septostomies auriculaires par ballonnet a entraîné une hausse de l’usage de nouveaux cathéters offerts en différentes formes et tailles. L’objectif principal de cette étude était de déterminer si la différence de taille des ballonnets de Miller et de Fogarty (Edwards Lifesciences), respectivement de 4,0 cc et de 1,8 cc, a un effet sur la saturation en oxygène de la circulation sanguine systémique, sur la taille de la CIA ou sur le type et la fréquence des complications liées à l’intervention. Méthodologie: Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective comptant 134 patients consécutifs qui ont présenté une dTGV entre 2002 et 2018 et qui ont subi une septostomie auriculaire par ballonnet dans un hôpital pédiatrique tertiaire canadien. Résultats: Les septostomies auriculaires par ballonnet ont donné lieu à une hausse significative de 18,91 ± 12,95 points de pourcentage (p < 0,0001) de la saturation en oxygène et à une hausse significative de 3,92 ± 1,58 mm (p < 0,0001) de la CIA qui a résulté de l’intervention. La taille du ballonnet n’a pas entraîné de différence significative en ce qui concerne la saturation en oxygène qui a résulté de l’intervention (p = 0,8370) ou la taille finale de la CIA (p = 0,2193). Les complications graves ou mettant la vie du patient en danger ont été rares (1 %) et aucun patient n’est décédé suite à l'intervention. Conclusion: Il s’agit de la première étude qui démontre que le petit ballonnet est aussi efficace que le gros ballonnet, y compris chez les enfants prématurés. Cette conclusion soulève la question à savoir si différentes tailles de ballonnets sont nécessaires.

In the field of adaptive building technologies, this research introduces the development of a self-regulating solar shading actuator that utilizes the thermal shape memory effect. The study focuses on addressing the actuator’s performance under diverse environmental conditions. Thermal simulations were carried out during the development of the individual components of the actuator and for the prediction of specific switching temperatures. The investigation includes an analysis of the sunshade’s response to varying environmental conditions, emphasizing its effectiveness on clear summer days and identifying challenges during overcast periods. The critical coordination between the solar collector and the shape memory alloy (SMA) wire is examined, shedding light on the impact of SMA temperature dynamics on the actuation performance. Through the integration of simulation data and real-world measurements, the study validates the thermal model for the solar collector, establishing the robustness of the system’s operation. This research work contributes significantly to the development of intelligent actuators and outlines the importance of validation of SMA-based applications under real conditions.

El patrimonio juega un papel determinante en la construcción de la ciudadanía y las identidades, de ahí la responsabilidad que las instituciones culturales, como los museos, tienen a la hora de articular sus propuestas y discursos. En este artículo se presentan los resultados obtenidos tras analizar el discurso emitido a través de sus posts de los cinco museos nacionales canadienses más activos en Facebook durante 2020, en cuanto a narrativa histórica y al enfoque elegido a la hora de tratar la significación histórica de una pintura, una pieza de la colección, etc. Los resultados muestran una actividad planificada con discursos donde predomina la narrativa histórica tradicional y un enfoque, en cuanto al tipo de significación histórica otorgada a una pieza, centrado principalmente en la relevancia e importancia de los elementos patrimoniales en el imaginario colectivo canadiense. Los datos contribuyen a conocer mejor el desarrollo de pensamiento histórico en el ámbito de la educación no formal en el contexto digital. Teniendo en cuenta la escasez de investigaciones en esta línea, se abre una vía de trabajo novedosa en la didáctica de la historia y del patrimonio.

Which historical figures do Spanish students think are relevant after completing their compulsory schooling in the subject of history? The main objective of this research is to discover which four historical figures students choose as the most important in human history after completing their compulsory schooling, and the type of reasons they give to justify their answers. By means of a mixed study, this research involved asking 165 students, aged 16 to 17, which four figures they think are the most relevant in history and why. Based on this statement, a quantitative and qualitative analysis was conducted to explore the students’ discourses justifying their choices using the categories proposed by Partington, Hunt and Lévesque. The results show a clear tendency in students to choose key figures in Spain’s history, such as Christopher Columbus or Francisco Franco, or a prominent person, such as Adolf Hitler, as the most relevant historical figures, who appear in the curriculum in their last year of compulsory secondary education. Lastly, the argumentative approach regarding the level of historical significance focuses primarily on the impact of their actions on a large number of people during their historical moment, with no critical reflection on their long-term impact or consequences.

As a consequence of the scarcity of studies of augmented reality (AR) in Spain, this study developed a questionnaire to evaluate teachers’ perceptions on the use of AR for heritage teaching (n = 347 teachers: n = 131 in-service/n = 216 in-training). The objectives were to: (1) identify teachers’ existing knowledge about AR; (2) evaluate educational strategies teachers value most in AR apps for teaching; (3) evaluate necessary AR functions; (4) determine desired technical and functional characteristics; and (5) compare any significant differences between the two groups. The results provide a contribution to the increasing implementation of AR apps in heritage education, which promotes the understanding, enjoyment, experience and knowledge of heritage. Heritage education is increasingly present in Spanish classrooms due to awareness of the country’s rich heritage, and AR is a good tool for understanding and linking society with its heritage. From the results, it is clear that, despite their desire for implementation, there is a lack of teacher training in applying AR; both subsamples pointed out the importance of humanising the explanations in AR apps with experts or actors who mediate heritage and value the ease of use of these apps, multifunctionality, low battery consumption, and use in the background. Significant differences suggest potentially greater educational commitment among active teachers who seek deep and meaningful learning, above the superficiality and enjoyment reported by teachers in training and, on the contrary, the value placed on technical and visual aspects, related to the high use of mobile devices.

Abstract The splitting and joining capabilities of a previously designed framework for the collective movement of mobile robots are studied. This framework is implemented in a distributed manner among the robots and allows scalability with increasing number of robots. It is expandable with new functionalities through the inclusion of new modules. Splitting functionality is created by including a new module, while joining does not need new structures. A total of 130 systematic experiments, grouped in six different sets, were undertaken to test the splitting and joining functions of the framework, yielding results in which robots behaved as expected. Four of the sets correspond to experiments in simulation using up to 40 robots. The remaining sets use eight real robots.

Collective movement of mobile robots is the problem of how to control a group of robots making them move as a group, in a cohesive way, towards a common direction. Collective movement serves not only to move a group of robots from one point to another, but to perform more complex tasks such as using the group of robots as a moving sensor array, collective mapping and searching tasks. In this article, a survey of collective movement of mobile robots is done, including a classification and characterization of its different types, a review of the most important architectures and a list of its promising applications.