Search

The concept of anthropological crisis is very popular in contemporary Russian humanities: the Russian Scientific Electronic Library, or Elibrary.ru, includes more than ten thousand publications with the keyword anthropological crisis. On the contrary, Google gives links to Russian publications only when one searches for anthropological crisis. This keyword has no reference in the famous online book catalogue Worldcat.org. Nowadays English-speaking scientific communities still explore the crisis in anthropology as a discipline. The difference between the anthropological crisis and the crisis in anthropology seems essential. The crisis of a scientific discipline is not a crisis of the human nature. The modern Russian academicians, including the late Vyacheslav Stepin, find many features of the anthropological crisis in the successes of genetic engineering and modern medicine as well as in the growing psychological pressures. Russian-language scholars find the traits of anthropological crisis in many fields, including studies of memory, bioethics, pedagogics, literature, and economics. The loss of the sense of life is often treated by Russian scholars, like Stepin and Boris Pruzhinin, as a trait of the anthropological crisis. The problems of self-identity are also marked by Russian authors as a mark of that crisis. Sergey Averintsev felt that human beings lack their human nature. Pruzhinin supposes humans cannot predict consequences of genetic engineering for their nature as a species. But all these trends have nothing in common with the anthropological crisis. Genetic engineering helps improving of sick human nature and self-realization. Certainly, all consequences are not open but there is no scientific discovery whose effects would be absolutely evident at once. Cyborgs are an inevitable step towards healthier and smarter humans. Existential problems are universal since the emergence of self-consciousness among the humans. Self-identities are in constant flux since the birth of complex societies, especially since the industrial revolution strengthened alienation. The growth and volume of information flows are not threats to humans as there is no necessity to memorize all the data in the world, and there are multiple network and personal filters which block garbage. The anthropological crisis seems a myth in contemporary Russian-language humanities in general and philosophy in particular.

This paper analyzes the idea of universal basic income, which implies a periodic monetary payment received by all members of the society, with no prerequisites. Most former viewpoints contained numerous utopian elements. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to point to the reality of this idea and answer the question whether it is yet another in a series of utopias, or there are actual foundations for its realization today. Modern technological development opens the space for increasing production by excluding human labour from it and by increasing profits of production organizers, whereas an increasing number of workers face temporary periods of unemployment during their working lives. All of the above make the idea of universal mandatory income up-to-date. The text explains the attitude that technological development, through mechanisms of profit redistribution, opens the space for this idea to overgrow its utopian character and become reality. The prerequisite is that the surplus of wealth that goes to production organizers should be redirected to the rest of the population.

The article is an essay on the critical analysis of one of the fundamental issues of social theory of the 19th - 20th centuries - alienation and its manifestations in modern societies. Alienation is interpreted not in one of its special meanings (such as alienation of labor, etc.), but in the broadest way - as the transformation of products of individual and collective activities into an independent force that subjugates a person and transfers him from the position of the subject to the position of the object of social relations. Such a definition makes alienation a universal feature of social life. However, in different societies and in different historical periods, alienation can have variable specific forms. The historically specific manifestations of alienation in modern societies can be explained by referring to the classical theme of their genesis. The originality of their institutional organization is largely associated with the originality of their culture and spiritual life (in particular, with the radical demarcation between human and nature, subject and object in the modern era). The multifaceted phenomenon of scientific and technical rationality, the product of the post-Renaissance Western-European culture, becomes a source of social realities and practices fraught with alienation. The article illustrates it by a number of examples, including the logic and mechanisms of the capitalist money economy. The author refers to the heritage of world philosophy and social thought, which problematized and conceptualized the considered issues in various ways: the Frankfurt School, existentialist philosophers, pillars of theoretical sociology - Karl Marx and Georg Simmel.

Introduction. Insufficient consideration of the human factor and the inability to fully realize its potential has led to criticism of mechanistic management as a basic in the industrialism formation. Subsequently, against this background, humanistic management was introduced, which in some way compensated for the shortcomings of the mechanistic approach. However, the cultural and historical aspects of humanistic management have remained out of science's attention so far, which has necessitated this research. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is a theoretical and historical analysis of the humanistic management culture, identification of its features and key factors of development in the conditions of industrialism. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical principle of cognition, systemic and cultural approaches to the study of social phenomena and processes, the fundamental provisions of the theory and history of management culture. Results. It is established that the culture of humanistic management, in contrast to the mechanistic concept of “economic man”, which responds only to material incentives, uses the “social man” concept, which assumes that, in addition to material gain, the worker seeks to meet moral needs. In this case, the formal organization with officially established rules is complemented by an informal organization based on behaviorism, based on the theory of Y, moral aspects of interaction, B-leadership and the motivators’ predominance that guide human activity to self-realization. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is to identify the objective preconditions that led to the emergence of a culture of humanistic management, as well as to generalize the features of the main directions of this culture of management. The practical significance is seen in the expansion of ideas about the theory and history of world culture, including in them previously virtually unexplored in the cultural and historical context of the ideas of humanistic management of the industrialism era.

One of the major concerns of the social philosophy is the technological revolution and its impacts on the social systems. Critical views on the systems from the social philosophers depart from the social predicaments of their time. The pivotal critic of Karl Marx in his work of Das Capital , for example, is on poverty caused by the system of capitalism. Capitalism, for him, only produces various social downturns such as slavery, oppressions, exploitations and impoverishment. Herbert Marcuse, meanwhile, pointed at the same problem, but he came from a different point of view from Marx. Marcuse criticized the abundant society. In One Dimensional Man Marcuse rendered a couple of incisive critics on the industrial society. Industrial society, for him, is marked by the abundance and surplus but this society is still oppressed under a new type of slavery, called voluntary slavery . We may briefly say that both philosophers rendered critics on the same matter of the industrial society, but the two stood on the different position. Marx’s critic was on the hungry and deficient society, while Marcuse on a satiated, plenteous and surplus society. The aim of this paper is to present of how Marcuse’s One-Dimensional Man ends in the digital age.

The first article devoted to philosophy of liberal education (Voprosy obrazovaniya / Educational Studies Moscow no 1, 2020) laid out systematically the principles of that philosophy, such as (1) lifelong learning, (2) academic freedom, (3) importance of practice and experience, (4) critical thinking and civil competency, (5) competency development instead of knowledge accumulation, (6) priority of general education over specialized education, (7) the concept of learning to learn, (8) self-directed learning effort, (9) political neutrality, and (10) interaction and Socratic dialogue. In this second part of the article, the liberal model of education is contextualized under two main perspectives, historical and socio-theoretical. The historical perspective is used to discuss the ancient origins of the liberal model, German classical philosophy as a direct origin of its principles, and the trajectories of liberal education discourse elements penetrating Russia’s educational and cultural policy. The socio-theoretical perspective is applied to the context in which the liberal model was conceived (the nascent stage of modernity), the social conditions that led to its crisis (stabilized industrial societies of the modern age), and its relevance in the era of late modernity.

The film The Survivalist portrays a dystopic world, wherein the most valuable asset is seeds. The 'seeds' metaphor applies both in the context of agriculture and in that of fecundity. The Survivalist's hostile hospitality toward a pair of nomads -- a mother and her daughter -- results in the pregnancy of the latter. In the last raid on his compound, the Survivalist allows the daughter to escape at the expense of his own life. This sacrifice manifests a severe critique against the preference given today to the well-being of the individual at the expense of the survival of the species.

The film The Survivalist portrays a dystopic world, wherein the most valuable asset is seeds. The 'seeds' metaphor applies both in the context of agriculture and in that of fecundity. The Survivalist's hostile hospitality toward a pair of nomads -- a mother and her daughter -- results in the pregnancy of the latter. In the last raid on his compound, the Survivalist allows the daughter to escape at the expense of his own life. This sacrifice manifests a severe critique against the preference given today to the well-being of the individual at the expense of the survival of the species.

The article deals with the issues of unity of theory and practice as a factor of education of moral and ethical values in European pedagogical concepts of the period of industrial society formation. Particular attention is paid to the fundamental concepts of education of moral values in pedagogy. Possibilities of using world pedagogical thought by Ukrainian teachers are revealed in the article.

The article deals with Veblen’s vision of social conflict to critically reexamine his political thought. Retracing his intellectual biography, it focuses on three connected aspects: a twofold vision of social conflict that emerges from his reinvention of evolutionism; his reading of socialism in an industrial society; the relevance of an evolutionary concept of technology in order to understand new forms of conflict within the transition to a cooperative working process that is associated with scientific organization and planning. These elements are used to highlight Veblen’s stance towards Progressive Era social sciences and towards institutional and intellectual attempts to control the vagaries and conflicts of industrial capitalism.

This article covers a study of the industrial civilization phenomenon in courses on history, cultural studies, philosophy and political science for pupils and students. It focuses on features of industrial society development which students need to know in order to get a holistic picture of historical and cultural processes. Moreover, this article shows the relationship between the development of industrial society and the formation of political ideologies as well as provides advisories to help teachers explain these aspects to students. Addressing ways of explaining the specifics of Russian industrial society development to students is another major focus of this article.

The article covers the emergence and development of telecommunication in the Ukrainian provinces of the Russian Empire in the modern period. Attention is drawn to the factors that contributed to the emergence in the late nineteenth century. the first telephone networks in such large cities as Odessa, Kiev, Kharkov, etc. It was emphasized that by the beginning of the twentieth century. telephone exchanges have already started working in 23 provincial and county cities of Ukrainian lands. This article describes the features of functioning of both government and private telephone networks. At the same time, attention was paid to the fact that the number of telephone sets, especially in government institutions, was constantly increasing. The author also dwells on questions of the availability of the phone for the modern city dwellers, including finding out the cost of using his services, the convenience of communication, etc. It is noted that first of all the phone was used by entrepreneurs, large traders, financiers, lawyers, doctors, law enforcement officials, and officials of local self-government bodies. In addition, the article analyzes the peculiarities of the work of the employees of telephone stations, in particular telephone operators. It was noted that their work was rather difficult, and the salary they received was generally small amounts. The attention was also paid to certain problems in the activity of telephone networks in the Ukrainian lands of the Romanov empire - technical deficiencies in the area of ​​communication, small capacity of telephone stations, high cost of payment for telephone services, etc. Accordingly, for every 100 inhabitants of tsarist Russia (as of 1909) there were only 0.1 subscribers of the telephone network. For example, in the United States, for every 100 inhabitants, 7.6 phone holders accounted for. However, it was emphasized that the phone, however, became an important sign of the emergence in Ukraine of the new, industrialized society. After all, in the Ukrainian city of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. it was possible to observe the rapid development of communication technology and its penetration into all spheres of life of the contemporary society. Under the influence of telephone communication, the everyday life of people, their way of life was radically transformed.

Drastic and inclusive technology progress is changing the economy of Russia and foreign countries. This progress significantly impacts production forces. . This paper analyzes theoretical and applied approaches to the investigation of production forces development. I reveal the role and importance of innovations in science and technology as well as their impact on various segments of the economy. I analyze the conceptual framework used for technological shifts. The paper describes the indicators showing the level of scientific and technological potential development in various countries and regions including the Urals. I define growth areas in technology and assess their contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) growth. The administrations and authorities at federal and regional levels impact the development of science, innovations, technologies and breakthrough areas. The development of these spheres leads to the increase in productivity of social activities, production and business activity. The paper reveals the impact of the technological breakthrough in such latest fields as the alternative energy sources, drones, electric car industry, storage and delivery of energy. This fields transform the economy and society. Furthermore, they change theoretical concepts of functional and institutional social structure. The development paradigm is to be modified from fuel and raw model to the innovative and technological one. The economic development and scientific and technological potential are interrelated. I discuss the reason of close attention to the development of science, technologies, innovations in the developed countries. as well as the measures to stimulate their development. The article studies the mechanism and tools of science and education funding in various regions of the world. The results of the research may be used for updating the strategy of scientific and technological development of Russia and its regions in the current situation as well as for choosing necessary conceptual approaches to the development of the economy.

The editorial dwells upon the technology-driven evolution from the Industrial to the Post-Information Society, indicating that this transition will bring about drastic transformations in our way of living, starting from the job market and then pervading all aspects at both individual and social levels. Great opportunities will come together with unprecedented challenges to living as we have always known it. In this innovation-filled scenario, it is argued that human creativity becomes the distinctive ability to provide dignity at first and survival in the long term. The term organic creativity is introduced to indicate those conditions, attitudes, and actions that bear the potential to be at the same time productive in socio-economic terms and conducive to human well-being. As a consequence, the role of psychologists in an open cooperation with sociologists, economists, computer scientists, engineers and others, will be as central as ever in establishing healthy collaboration modes between humans and machines, and large investments in related multidisciplinary scientific research are advocated to establish organic creativity as a discipline that should permeate every educational level, as well as our professional and everyday lives.

Article is concerned with three fundamental issues of the research on welfare states: definitions, theories of its origins and typologies. There are four basic definitions: institutional (base of the welfare state is embodied in welfare institutions), normative (common good of the society based on minimal standard of living conditions for all), quantitative (majority of state income is deserved for welfare purposes), societal (welfare state as a type of society). We are convinced about the posibility of the convergence among first three mentioned definitions (societal concept is not according to our opinion very useful, because there are better concepts to describe modern society – e. g. industrial society). There are four general explanations of the origins and development of the welfare state: industrial theory (e. g. H. Wilensky), class theory or power-resources model (e. g. F. Castles), theory of governmentality (e. g. M. Dean) or institutional (e. g. T. Skocpol). It is impossible to find any functional convergence among these approaches and the choice of one of them is often connected with meta-theoretical motives of the researcher. The most used typologies are based especially on criterions, such as combination of the state, market and welfare programs, specific combinations of social policies, portion of GDP for welfare tasks etc. Comparison of these typologies shows their similarities, regardless of the criterion.

This article deals with a blind spot in Hirschman’s analysis in The Passions an the Interests: according to him, the topos of the doux commerce would have been erased from the collective consciousness during the 19th century, due to the social consequences of the industrial revolution. However, in the debates that animate the industrialist thinkers under the French Restoration (1814-1830), the association between civil peace and economic development takes on new topical and argumentative forms with the conceptual shift from the “trading nation” to the “industrial society”. This shift is not indifferent: it has reconfigured the topography of the doux commerce. On the one hand, the theme of peaceful industry superimposed the workshop model (regarded as cooperative, productive and hierarchical) on that of commercial exchange (regarded as more egalitarian). On the other hand, it opened the prospect not only of a simple softening, but of a radical substitution of interest for passions and of a total elimination of conflict thanks to the peaceful exploitation of nature. However, the emergence of the social question sowed discord among industrialists: without rejecting the commonplace entirely, the Saint-Simonians separated from the liberals by detaching the theme of peaceful industry from the dogma of free competition.

The author has marked the turning points in the evolution of humanity, when the innovations of technical achievements changed priority directions of social development getting mass dissemination. The conditions of industrial and graphic design appearance in culture of industrial society are revealed. Based on system approach the author considers the features of contemporary design at the current stage of civilization development, in culture of the network society. It is noted that in the modern world a sociocultural space is a complexly organized, rapidly evolving system closely related to active dissemination of new digital information and communication technologies. It is shown that the appearance and functionality of the device for carrying out communication and access to work with the information in the digital environment, receive continuous development largely thanks to the experts involved in the fields of interaction design and interactive design. The author made a conclusion that nowadays the advanced direction in the field of industrial design is the interaction design and graphic design finds today its continuation in interactive environment.

The author has marked the turning points in the evolution of humanity, when the innovations of technical achievements changed priority directions of social development getting mass dissemination. The conditions of industrial and graphic design appearance in culture of industrial society are revealed. Based on system approach the author considers the features of contemporary design at the current stage of civilization development, in culture of the network society. It is noted that in the modern world a sociocultural space is a complexly organized, rapidly evolving system closely related to active dissemination of new digital information and communication technologies. It is shown that the appearance and functionality of the device for carrying out communication and access to work with the information in the digital environment, receive continuous development largely thanks to the experts involved in the fields of interaction design and interactive design. The author made a conclusion that nowadays the advanced direction in the field of industrial design is the interaction design and graphic design finds today its continuation in interactive environment.

This article discusses the features of the transformation of the social system in the conditions of transition to the post-industrial stage of development. Examines various approaches to selection criteria of postindustrial society. Stresses the importance of the transition from the socio-economic to the socio-cultural trend of the development of society and the philosophical research of changes of value orientations of the post-industrial civilization. Environmental component is detected a new trend on the sustainable development of society. Analyses the related notions about the role of the State as regulator not only legal, social, but also of socio-natural aspects of public life. In the context of globalization theory compares the position of the supporters of universalism in the interpretation of historical transition to postindustrializmu, and the criticism of this approach. Emphasizes the sociocultural processes of transformation of the non-linearity of contemporary societies and the prospect of application of co-evolution of ideas as a cognitive model for the study of natural, social and cultural development.

This paper seeks to demonstrate the evolution of the legal concept of enterprise between two historical socio-economic milestones: the industrial society of the late nineteenth century and the contemporary risk society. Based on an analysis of economics and commercial law at the end of the nineteenth century, it is initially explained that the legal notion of enterprise then used, influenced by the industrial capitalism, was defined by an economic bias and focused itself exclusively in maximizing production efficiencyand profit.Resumo: O presente artigo busca demonstrar a evolução do conceito jurídico de empresa à luz de dois marcos socioeconômicos históricos: a sociedade industrial do final do século XIX e a sociedade do risco contemporânea. Partindo de uma análise da teoria econômica e do direito comercial ao final do século XIX, expõe-se inicialmente que a noção jurídica de empresa então vigente, influenciada pelo capitalismo industrial, era definida por um viés econômico e se focava exclusivamente na maximização da eficiência produtiva e do lucro.

Though Walter Crane is very famous for his illustrations, his work as a theoretician is sometimes overlooked. Strongly influenced by John Ruskin and William Morris, Walter Crane developed the idea of the unity of art as an essential condition for a rewarding artistic production and a satisfactory social life. In The Claims of Decorative Art, a collection of essays, he successfully mixed a presentation of architecture and the decorative arts influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement with a sharp criticism of an alienating industrial society based on profit and individualism and a description of socialism as the only way to regain harmony. Opposing division in all its manifestations, he consistently encouraged a cooperation between artists and artisans while working with different socialist groups, trying to transcend the political tensions that often tore them and adopting a patient but firm political position. His unflinching artistic, political and educational commitment is obvious in his writings and his career and testifies to his major role in the resistance to what he described as the negative forces of commercialism.

Complexity of interdisciplinary concept, which is a result of complex nature of sciences and various theories, calls for more scrutiny on quality, background as well as concepts and approaches related to this issue. Therefore, a better understanding of interdisciplinary courses requires exploration of the concept of interdisciplinary studies which constitute the first part of this paper. In fact, many theorists maintain that shortcomings of interdisciplinary studies as well as complexity of issues facing human society and paradigm changes in human society which pave the way for transition from an industrial to a knowledge-based society, are major issues related to interdisciplinary courses which should be explored. The second part of this paper stresses on conceptualizations regarding interdisciplinary courses which have been written on the basis of different approaches including, inter alia, alternating, normative, and epistemological approaches which lead to different conceptualizations on interdisciplinary courses. Despite those differences in conceptualization on interdisciplinary courses, they have a common point: the necessity of attending to interdisciplinary studies in order to solve complex human problems. Genealogy and Background studies, which can play a great role in better understanding of interdisciplinary courses and differentiate them from pre-disciplinary studies, focus on factors affecting developments in this scientific area which includes typology of interdisciplinary courses.

Fashion is a contemporary phenomenon, with an increasing role in shaping behavior in contemporary societies. Fashion influences many areas of human creativity, especially mode of dressing. Dressing usually assumes traditional costume, which somewhat stayed static during history. Starting with Renaissance period, Europe experienced frequent changes in fashion styles (all changes came later to Serbia). In its beginnings, fashion was accepted mostly by wealthier classes, but in time, it gradually became available to general population, becoming so a part of the "consumers mentality". This availability of the fashion industry facilitates to many a brief, sharp cut with past in a short period of time. And while costume was characterized by certain stability of forms and materials, fashion represents a completely different phenomenon. That is, fashion is characterized by instability of forms and constant changes, and by relatively short periods of duration of styles and contemporary dressing.

O presente estudo ocupa-se da autonomia individual na sociedade contemporânea. Investiga a possibilidade de constituição de um sujeito capaz de pensar e agir por si no interior das relações capitalistas. Conforme os escritos de autores clássicos como Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse e Theodor Adorno, que analisam as transformações sociais na contemporaneidade, verifica-se que a industrialização, ao adentrar o processo produtivo, torna o trabalho uma atividade cada vez mais abstrata, estranha e alheia a quem a executa. Junto com o conhecimento desse processo, o sujeito perde o principal parâmetro de formação da individualidade. Vai sendo reduzido seu poder de controle sobre o próprio tempo e espaço, justamente o âmbito no qual poderiam ser cultivadas experiências outras que não as impostas pelas necessidades do mercado. Com base nos estudos efetuados, conclui-se que, na ordem capitalista, não há condições concretas favoráveis à formação de indivíduos autônomos.This paper is about individual autonomy in contemporary society. It investigates the possibility of forming individuals capable of thinking and acting by themselves in the context of capitalist relationships. According to such classical writers as Karl Marx, Herbert Marcuse and Theodor Adorno, who have analysed social transformations in contemporary society, when industrialization transforms the productive process working becomes a more and more abstract, strange and alienating activity to those who execute it. The subject loses, then, both the perception of this process and the principal parameter for the formation of the individuality. The power to control their own time and space decreases in the milieus where they could possibly carry out different experiences from those imposed by the laws of the market. Research done demonstrates that there are not actual favourable circumstances for the formation of autonomous individuals.

This article draws a broad panel of the tradition of therapeutic use of alcoholics in Western societies, highlighting the contextualization of two important theories formulated during the nineteenth century: alcohol-food, attributed to Liebig, and Todd's potion. It also focuses on the changes in medicine and criticism of alcoholics in the second half of that century, addressing the link between medicine and alcoholism in the industrial society that constituted it when the capitalist process of labor was introduced . Here, the theories of degeneration and heredity that so deep scars left in these societies stand out.

Today’s scientific and research centers play an important role in development of societies. Education and research system and it’s related organizations - by following following the models of industrial societies - can’t make logical relation with economic, social and cultural conditions of our country. This lack of relation stems in misundrestandig of the environment and applying models which are not adoptable with it. In informational societies in which information is produced & offer to users. One of the most important barriers in achieving the aims in scientific and research centers. as universities, research & development centers, & libraries is the organizational structure. because it makes some barrier by itself and therefore needs reviewing and restablishing for the present conditions. This essay tries to propose suitable organizational structure for the some centers.