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Introduction Weight gain, QT interval prolongation, and dyslipidemias associated with the chronic use of some antipsychotic medications can explain a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk in these psychiatric population. The D’Agostino Index include some factors such as age, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, systolic blood pressure increased, antihypertensive treatment, smoking, and diabetes, to estimate an individual’s risk (low, moderate or severe) of developing a cardiovascular event through a period of 10 years or throughout the patient’s lifetime. Objectives To compare the degree of cardiovascular risk using the D’Agostino Index, among different antipsychotic medications. Methods An estimation of cardiovascular risk (low, moderate, or high) was performed with the D´Agostino index in a sample of 144 patients (82 men and 62 women) mean age 45,2 +/- 10.13. All patients were treated for at least one year at a therapeutic dose and adhered to their treatment regimen correctly. Subjects with some relevant pre-existing unstable heart disease were excluded. All patients previously provided informed consent and were of legal age. Clinical data on medical history, concomitant medications, and risk factors were collected. A completed physical exam, waist circumference, lab sample, a lifestyle scale, and an evaluation of vital signs in accordance with European Society of Hypertension were evaluated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the statistical software SPSS version 26.0. A significance level α=0.05 was considered throughout the study. Results The four most consumed antipsychotics were risperidone 9.72% (n=14), paliperidone 25.7% (n=37), olanzapine 14.6% (n=21), and aripiprazole 34.7% (n=50). Descriptively, it was observed that the drugs most associated with moderate or high risks were paliperidone (37.8%) and olanzapine (33.3%), risperidone (28.6 %). Aripiprazol (22%) was the less associated compound with moderate/high cardiovascular risk. Conclusions Subjects treated with olanzapine and paliperidone showed a higher association with cardiovascular risk. Predicting cardiovascular risk could provide individual benefits by enabling lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatment changes, or closer monitoring to reduce cardiovascular risk. Disclosure of Interest A. Montejo Grant / Research support from: This study has been funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) through the project PI19/1596 and co-funded by the European Union., C. Bermejo: None Declared, J. Matías: None Declared, T. Martín: None Declared, J. Matías-Polo: None Declared, Y. Santana: None Declared, J. López-López: None Declared, R. de Alarcón: None Declared, J. Acosta: None Declared

We tested 294 domestic pet dogs in Mexico for neutralizing antibodies for mosquito-borne flaviviruses. We found high (42.6%) exposure to West Nile virus in Reynosa (northern Mexico) and low (1.2%) exposure in Tuxtla Gutierrez (southern Mexico) but very limited exposure to Aedes-borne flaviviruses. Domestic dogs may be useful sentinels for West Nile virus.

Resumen: Introducción: Analizamos la prevalencia, etiología y diagnóstico de los pacientes con plexopatía cervicobraquial o lumbosacra de nuestro centro, atendidos durante una década. Material y métodos: Análisis descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional de adultos con diagnóstico de plexopatía, atendidos en la consulta monográfica de electromiografía, desde febrero de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2018 (ambos inclusive). Resultados: Setenta y siete pacientes (95,1%), edad media: 55,94 años ± 16,9 DE, 49 hombres (60,5%). Prevalencia: 2,37 por 100.000 habitantes/año. La plexopatía más frecuente es la cervical (84%). Las etiologías más frecuentes: traumática en el 35% (27 pacientes), Parsonage-Turner 20,9% (17 pacientes), tumoral en el 14,8% (12 pacientes) e idiopática en el 13,5% (11 pacientes). De los 12 pacientes con plexopatía de causa oncológica solo en 4 (33,3%) de los casos se confirmó la presencia de infiltración tumoral por prueba de neuroimagen. De los 77 pacientes con prueba de neuroimagen hecha (TAC o RM) el 85,2% (69 pacientes) no muestra enfermedad de plexo en la RMN o la TAC, p = 0,004, mostrando una imagen normal. Los servicios que más atienden a estos pacientes son: traumatología (36,36%), neurología (11,68%), rehabilitación (10,38%) y oncología (4%). Conclusiones: La prevalencia de las lesiones de plexo en nuestra área es de 2,37 por 100.000 habitantes/año. La etiología más frecuente en nuestra serie es la traumática en ambos sexos, asociándose a pacientes más jóvenes (menores de 55 años), aunque más de un tercio de la serie tiene etiología desconocida. La localización más frecuente es la cervicobraquial, donde además las pruebas de neuroimagen tienen más valor localizador. Abstract: Introduction: We analyse the prevalence, aetiology, and diagnosis of cervical-brachial and lumbo-sacral plexopathies at our hospital over a 10-year period. Material and methods: We conducted an observational, descriptive, retrospective analysis of adult patients diagnosed with plexopathy and attended at our centre's specialist electromyography clinic between February 2008 and December 2018, inclusive. Results: We included 77 patients (95.1% of the cases identified), with a mean (standard deviation) age of 55.94 (16.9) years; 49 patients (60.5%) were men. Prevalence amounted to 2.37 cases per 100 000 person-years. Cervical plexopathy was the most frequent type (84% of cases). The most frequent aetiologies were trauma (27 patients; 35%), Parsonage-Turner syndrome (17 patients; 20.9%), neoplasm (12 patients; 14.8%), and idiopathic (11 patients, 13.5%). Of the 12 patients with neoplastic aetiology, neuroimaging only confirmed tumour infiltration in 4 cases (33.3%). Of the 77 patients who underwent neuroimaging studies (CT or MRI), findings were normal in 69 (85.2%; P = .004). The hospital departments most frequently attending these patients were traumatology (36.36%), neurology (11.68%), rehabilitation (10.38%), and oncology (4%). Conclusions: The prevalence of plexopathies in our health district amounts to 2.37 cases per 100,000 person-years. In our series, the most frequent aetiology in both sexes was trauma, which was associated with younger age (under 55 years), although aetiology was unknown in more than one-third of patients. The cervical-brachial plexus was most frequently affected, and lesions to this region are more easily located with neuroimaging studies.

Ameloblastomas are benign but locally invasive odontogenic tumors most frequently located in the mandible. The gold standard of treatment is the surgical resection of the tumor with safety margins. Postsurgical defects generate a significant morbidity that needs reconstruction and oral rehabilitation to restore the oral functions. This case report describes the prosthetic rehabilitation of a 42-year-old male after resection of a mandibular ameloblastoma. Excision of the lesion by segmental mandibulectomy and mandibular reconstruction by microvascularized fibula flap was performed. After placement of 6 dental implants, the patient was rehabilitated with a lower hybrid prosthesis fabricated using computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing. During a 7-year and 5-month follow-up, some clinical complications were observed.

BackgroundAedes aegypti mosquito-borne viruses including Zika (ZIKV), dengue (DENV), yellow fever (YFV), and chikungunya (CHIKV) have emerged and re-emerged globally, resulting in an elevated burden of human disease. Aedes aegypti is found worldwide in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate areas. The characterization of mosquito blood meals is essential to understand the transmission dynamics of mosquito-vectored pathogens.Methodology/principal findingsHere, we report Ae. aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus host feeding patterns and arbovirus transmission in Northern Mexico using a metabarcoding-like approach with next-generation deep sequencing technology. A total of 145 Ae. aegypti yielded a blood meal analysis result with 107 (73.8%) for a single vertebrate species and 38 (26.2%) for two or more. Among the single host blood meals for Ae. aegypti, 28.0% were from humans, 54.2% from dogs, 16.8% from cats, and 1.0% from tortoises. Among those with more than one species present, 65.9% were from humans and dogs. For Cx. quinquefasciatus, 388 individuals yielded information with 326 (84%) being from a single host and 63 (16.2%) being from two or more hosts. Of the single species blood meals, 77.9% were from dogs, 6.1% from chickens, 3.1% from house sparrows, 2.4% from humans, while the remaining 10.5% derived from other 12 host species. Among those which had fed on more than one species, 11% were from dogs and humans, and 89% of other host species combinations. Forage ratio analysis revealed dog as the most over-utilized host by Ae. aegypti (= 4.3) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (= 5.6) and the human blood index at 39% and 4%, respectively. A total of 2,941 host-seeking female Ae. aegypti and 3,536 Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were collected in the surveyed area. Of these, 118 Ae. aegypti pools and 37 Cx. quinquefasciatus pools were screened for seven arboviruses (ZIKV, DENV 1-4, CHIKV, and West Nile virus (WNV)) using qRT-PCR and none were positive (point prevalence = 0%). The 95%-exact upper limit confidence interval was 0.07% and 0.17% for Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus, respectively.Conclusions/significanceThe low human blood feeding rate in Ae. aegypti, high rate of feeding on mammals by Cx. quinquefasciatus, and the potential risk to transmission dynamics of arboviruses in highly urbanized areas of Northern Mexico is discussed.

Resumen: Introducción: El análisis instrumental de marcha (AIM) es una tecnología de uso creciente en la evaluación de trastornos motores infantiles. La evaluación de pacientes requiere una base de referencia de normalidad, pero existen pocas referencias infantiles españolas. Objetivo: Descripción de 16 variables de marcha de relevancia clínica en una muestra de referencia de escolares sanos. Estudio de sus relaciones lineales y asimetrías izquierda-derecha. Sujetos y métodos: Se midieron con AIM 16 variables de marcha en escolares sanos (n = 27, 5-13 años). Se estudiaron las asimetrías en cada variable (t de Student, muestras dependientes) y sus intervalos de confianza (95% de la media de diferencia estandarizada derecha menos izquierda, dz). Se representaron los valores y las asociaciones entre variables mediante «heatmap». Resultados: Se aportan tablas de normalidad para 16 variables del ciclo de marcha. Son significativamente asimétricos los valores medios de flexión mínima de cadera (dz: 0,25 IC del 95%, 0,11-0,39) y de máxima abducción de cadera en el balanceo (dz: -1,05 IC del 95%, –1,71; –0,27). Existen asociaciones funcionales entre las variables de marcha. Conclusiones: Presentamos una muestra de normalidad de escolares españoles donde se observan asimetrías entre los lados izquierdo y derecho y organización funcional entre sus variables. Abstract: Introduction: Instrumental gait analysis is an emerging technology used increasingly to evaluate motor disorders in children. Normal reference data is necessary in order to evaluate patients, but there are few reference resources for the Spanish paediatric population. Objective: We aim to describe the values of 16 clinically relevant gait variables in healthy Spanish schoolchildren, and identify any linear associations or left-right asymmetries. Subjects and methods: The values of 16 gait variables were determined in schoolchildren (n = 27, aged 5-13 years) using instrumental gait analysis. We analysed asymmetries for each variable (Student's t-test for dependent samples) and calculated their confidence intervals (95% of the standardised difference in right and left means [SMD]). Values and associations between variables were represented using a heat map. Results: Our project presents normal values tables for 16 variables in the gait cycle. Significant asymmetries were detected in the mean values for minimum hip flexion (SMD: 0.25 95% CI, 0.11-0.39) and peak hip abduction in swing (SMD: −1.05 95% CI: −1.71- − 0.27). Functional associations among gait variables are present. Conclusions: We present a reference dataset for Spanish school-aged children in which left-right asymmetries and functional associations may be observed for different variables. Palabras clave: Análisis multivariante, Marcha, Niño, Salud, Movimiento, Keywords: Multivariate analysis, Gait, Children, Health, Movement

Introduction: Instrumental gait analysis is an emerging technology used increasingly to evaluate motor disorders in children. Normal reference data is necessary in order to evaluate patients, but there are few reference resources for the Spanish paediatric population. Objective: We aim to describe the values of 16 clinically relevant gait variables in healthy Spanish schoolchildren, and identify any linear associations or left–right asymmetries. Subjects and methods: The values of 16 gait variables were determined in schoolchildren (n = 27, aged 5–13 years) using instrumental gait analysis. We analysed asymmetries for each variable (Student's t-test for dependent samples) and calculated their confidence intervals (95% of the standardised difference in right and left means [SMD]). Values and associations between variables were represented using a heat map. Results: Our project presents normal values tables for 16 variables in the gait cycle. Significant asymmetries were detected in the mean values for minimum hip flexion (SMD: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11–0.39) and peak hip abduction in swing (SMD: −1.05; 95%: CI −1.71 to −0.27). Functional associations among gait variables are present. Conclusions: We present a reference dataset for Spanish school-aged children in which left–right asymmetries and functional associations may be observed for different variables. Resumen: Introducción: El análisis instrumental de marcha (AIM) es una tecnología de uso creciente en la evaluación de trastornos motores infantiles. La evaluación de pacientes requiere una base de referencia de normalidad, pero existen pocas referencias infantiles españolas. Objetivo: Descripción de 16 variables de marcha de relevancia clínica en una muestra de referencia de escolares sanos. Estudio de sus relaciones lineales y asimetrías izquierda-derecha. Sujetos y métodos: Se midieron con AIM 16 variables de marcha en escolares sanos (n = 27, 5–13 años). Se estudiaron las asimetrías en cada variable (t de Student, muestras dependientes) y sus intervalos de confianza (95% de la media de diferencia estandarizada derecha menos izquierda, dz). Se representaron los valores y las asociaciones entre variables mediante “heatmap”. Resultados: Se aportan tablas de normalidad para 16 variables del ciclo de marcha. Son significativamente asimétricos los valores medios de flexión mínima de cadera (dz: 0,25; IC del 95%: 0,11–0,39) y de máxima abducción de cadera en el balanceo (dz: −1,05; IC del 95%: −1,71, −0,27). Existen asociaciones funcionales entre las variables de marcha. Conclusiones: Presentamos una muestra de normalidad de escolares españoles donde se observan asimetrías entre los lados izquierdo y derecho y organización funcional entre sus variables. Keywords: Multivariate analysis, Gait, Children, Health, Movement, Palabras clave: Análisis multivariante, Marcha, Niño, Salud, Movimiento

Among the different approaches for minimising the energy consumption of mass transit systems (MTSs), a common concern for MTS operators is the improvement of the electrical infrastructure. The traffic on the lines under analysis is one of the most important inputs to the studies devoted to improving MTS infrastructure, since it represents where and how frequently it is possible to save energy. However, on the one hand, MTS electrical studies usually simplify the traffic model, which may lead to a misrepresentation of the energy interactions between trains. On the other hand, if the stochastic traffic is rigorously modelled, the size of the simulation problem could grow excessively, which in turn could make the time to obtain results unmanageable. To cope with this issue, this paper presents a method to obtain a reduced-size set of representative scenarios. Firstly, a traffic model including the most representative stochastic traffic variables is developed. Secondly, a function highly correlated with energy savings is proposed to make it possible to properly characterise the traffic scenarios. Finally, this function is used to select the most representative scenarios. The representative scenario set obtained by the application of this method is shown to be sufficiently accurate with a limited number of scenarios. The traffic approach in this paper improves the accuracy with respect to the usual traffic approach used in the literature.